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Rabhi, Abdelhamid. "Estimation de la dynamique du véhicule en interaction avec son environnement". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS0033.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe general framework of the research is the application of the nonlinear control tools (sliding mode observers, robust control. . . ) and methods for diagnostics in order to improve the security of the vehicle. Motivation of our work is due to the fact that the infrastructure is involved the majority of accidents. The was born, which uses as more as possible the environmental information's in order to study the comportment of the vehicle in its trajectory. The difficulties and the high costs of the sensors, to measure contact forces belween wheel and the ground were an important motivation for design of non linear and robust observers. Then, a new technique for the estimation with cascaded observers was developed to dedu the angular velocities and accelerations of wheels by use of the ABS encoders. This method al/ows us to estimate the longitudinal stiffness of each tire and its effective radius. The adherence also can be reconstructed. Robust observers with unknown inputs are proposed to estimate the road features (profile, slope and inclination angle), which are used to assist the driving. Final/y, we present a method for detecting faults in the dynamics of the vehicle. We have considered only Iwo types of faults: Faults in the suspension system Variation of pressure in tire
Heim, Stéphane. "La coopération dans un environnement concurrentiel : une comparaison France-Japon". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA1058.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis analyzes the recent evolutions and roots of cooperation in the automotive sector, the discourses that support these changes and the actors’ practices of activities coordination in automotive supply chains. Since the mid-1980s, several studies converge towards an interpretation of these relationships in terms of industrial partnership, with roots to be found and inherited from Japan. However, a study of interactions at different levels of supply chains on two territories of the global automotive sector, the Great East in France and Germany and the Tokai Region in Japan, shows a remaining and strong tension between cooperation and competition. While it is undeniable that some former suppliers tended to the relational model with their clients because of the complexity of their activities, other suppliers are still struggling with choices between interdependence and autonomy. Cooperation with their clients, suppliers, and competitors appears to be a complex mechanism in which it is important to simultaneously maintain its individual position in a market of organizations and to contribute to the collective effort towards this market reproduction. This thesis puts forward the idea that, beyond the logics and choices between authority, price and trust, one may find the dynamics of participation, often forced, in this mechanism
Ndiaye, Mamadou Babacar Coquillet Bernard Bec Sandrine. "Le recyclage de métaux d'origine industrielle au Sénégal". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/mbndiaye.pdf.
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Althabégoi͏̈ty, Frédéric. "Echanges thermiques de l'homme dans un environnement fortement hétérogène. Cas de la voiture". Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30225.
Pełny tekst źródłaWang, Bin. "Observateurs d'état pour le diagnostic de comportement dynamique de véhicules automobiles en environnement réel de conduite". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016796.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarchand, Marc. "Outils et environnement intégré d'aide au pré-dimensionnement au choc des véhicules de transport". Valenciennes, 2002. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/2bb45140-f572-44ab-a51f-f20380534723.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe global approach based on multibody systems is a simplified tool for the dimensioning to shock of thin-walled frame components which is appropriate during the pre-design stage. This particular tool is still meant for specialists by its specific characteristics to be used for the non-linear spring elements, and also by a judicious way of positioning the deformation joints. Kinematic models allow to obtain efficiently force/displacement and moment/angle characteristics needed to implement the non-linear springs of a simplified model. We then show that the use of elastic-plastic beams in this type of simplified approach brings a new dimension in terms of structural flexibility. It also avoids locking peak problems which can be encountered in models made up of rigid bodies only. The development of a new collapse beam element which couples the integration of the classical elastic-plastic beam element pre-collapse phase with the analytic post-collapse phase, is presented and validated
Machnik, Adam. "Contribution à la simplification de modèles dans un environnement intégré pour le calcul de crash des structures mécaniques". INSA de Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAM0018.
Pełny tekst źródłaThin, Guillaume. "Recherche de solutions optimales pour les LED et OLED utilisées en environnement automobile". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV005.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe large introduction of optoelectronics technologies in automotive applications is related to the high performances offered by LEDs. Indeed, these new light sources allow cutting down the electrical consumption and ensuring long lasting of lighting functions. Besides, their reduced size and their electronics behavior enable new styling and operating functions. Yet, reliability remains a great concern in automotive applications.We identify in this manuscript the real reliability stakes and emphasize the highest importance of robustness versus lifetime of LED for automotive applications. We then describe the methods and tools necessary to characterize the thermal, electrical and optical parameters of these components. In particular we propose a new method for junction temperature estimation. Characterizations results for LEDs used in pulsed applications are given and solutions are proposed to improve their robustness and performances under such conditions. Moreover, the development of a test bench is presented and results obtained are discussed. Finally, we propose a methodology of characterization and evaluation of the reliability of OLED used in automotive applications
Tonnelier, Pierre. "Proposition d'une démarche d'intégration d'une nouvelle contrainte en conception : cas de la valorisation des véhicules en fin de vie chez PSA PEUGEOT CITROEN". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2002. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001942.
Pełny tekst źródłaFournier, Laurent. "Contribution à la modélisation d'un véhicule automobile et de son environnement : Algorithmes d'apprentissage pour la commande électronique de boîte de vitesse automatique". Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO0061.
Pełny tekst źródłaKootbally, Zeïd. "Prédiction des positions de véhicules autonomes dans un environnement routier dynamique". Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS064.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe goal of autonomous vehicles research is to build physical systems that can move purposefully and without human intervention in static and dynamic environments, and also in known, partially known and unknown environments. The field of autonomous vehicles is continuing to gain traction both with researchers and practitioners. Funding for research in this area has continued to grow over the past few years, and recent high profile funding opportunities have started to push theoretical research efforts into practical use. Before releasing any autonomous vehicle in the real world, it is important to model the components within a simulated environment and assess the performance of the vehicles in the virtual world. We present the PRIDE framework (Prediction In Dynamic Environments), a hierarchical multiresolutional approach for moving object prediction that incorporates multiple prediction algorithms into a single, unifying framework. PRIDE is based upon the 4D/RCS (Real-time Control System) and provides information to planners at the level of granularity that is appropriate for their planning horizon. The lower levels of the framework utilize estimation theoretic short-term predictions based upon an extended Kalman filter with an associated confidence measure. The upper levels utilize a probabilistic prédiction approach based upon situation recognition with an underlying cost model that provides predictions that incorporate environmental information and constraints. PRIDE is run in the systems' world model independently of the planner and the control system and has knowledge of the road structures via a road network database. The results of the prediction are made available to a planner to allow it to make accurate plans in dynamic environments. We have applied this approach to the visualization tool AutoSim and later on to the MOAST/USARSim framework which incorporates the physics, kinematics and dynamics of vehicles involved in traffic scenarios
Laneurit, Jean. "Perception multisensorielle pour la localisation d'un robot mobile en environnement extérieur, application aux véhicules routiers". Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/69/20/34/PDF/2006CLF21658.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaLaneurit, Jean. "Perception multisensorielle pour la localisation d'un robot mobile en environnement extérieur, application aux véhicules routiers". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00692034.
Pełny tekst źródłaLefee, David. "Contribution à la réalisation d'un capteur de vision 3D pour systèmes embarqués : coopération entre traitements passifs pour la détection des piétons dans un environnement urbain". Rouen, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAM0009.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Tellier Bérenger. "Méthode d'évaluation des systèmes de retenue des enfants dans un environnement automobile". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD010.
Pełny tekst źródłaFollowing changes in Child Restraint System (CRS) regulation in July 2013, an experimental CRS evaluation campaign has been conducted. Then, it has been noticed that the situation amongst the youngest involved in side impact was particularly critical. An original methodology has been therefore developed in order to define the “best” energy absorption materials to use in child seats for head, shoulder and pelvis areas. A parametric study in which the restraint of each body segments was independently piloted has then been conducted. The aim was to minimize either regulatory criteria of Q0 and Q1 dummies, or biomechanical criteria based on Q0-6WOC hybrid model. Those recommendations have thereafter been applied to improve an existing child restraint system under side impact. First, it has been checked that resultant linear acceleration of the head and HPC criteria were below regulation limits. Second, Finite Element (FE) model of the optimized car seat has been created and validated in several dynamical steps. Third, both reference child restraint system and optimized child seat has been evaluated in side impact with Q0-6WOC hybrid model. Finally, it has been showed that technical changes helped to cut in half the biomechanical results
Le, Marchand Olivier. "Approche autonome pour la localisation et la surveillance de l'intégrité d'un véhicule automobile en environnement complexe". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00672343.
Pełny tekst źródłaBeddar, Sidahmed. "Caractérisations et études de fiabilité des nouvelles générations de LED pour une utilisation dans un environnement automobile". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG015.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn 2008, all front lighting functions of a vehicle are based on full LEDs for the first time. This light source opened the golden age of automotive lighting through low power consumption, efficiency, reliability, high brightness, compactness, as well as cost efficiency. These qualities have enabled it to gain the majority of the automotive market share.The miniaturization of the LED made possible the light beam pixelization. This further improves road safety. Indeed, lighting the road without glairing other users has become possible with this technology. In addition, lighting needs are changing with the arrival of the autonomous car. This is when pixelated LED technologies represent prospects in the field of lighting for sensors, and even in communication through the projection of pictograms and / or writing on the road.A second research axis will be dealt with in this thesis. It consists of studying red LEDs with phosphor for automotive rear signaling functions.New failure mechanisms will emerge, due to these new mission profiles and new techniques for manufacturing immature LEDs. A critical need for a scientific approach to define and execute a test plan and electrical, optical, physical and thermal characterizations of these new technologies.The main objectives of this thesis will be to develop new methods, new Opto-Electro-Thermal benchs’ characterizations and to investigate the modes of failure mechanisms related to manufacturing processes, geometries, composition materials and to new lighting systems mission profiles
Gidel, Samuel. "Méthodes de détection et de suivi multi-piétons multi-capteurs embarquées sur un véhicule routier : application à un environnement urbain". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF22028.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuimeneuf, Emmanuelle. "Innovation technologique et réglementation environnementale : le cas de l'industrie automobile". Paris 9, 1998. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1998PA090036.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the greening of business perceptive, we have investigated the way a competitive advantage would stem from the technological innovation-environmental regulation relationship. First, environmental regulation is considered as a spur to technological innovation. Regulation may, thus, induce a change in the technological trajectory of the firm, leading to a bunch of innovations. Actually, the European vehicle emission standards did compel the adoption of the electronic injection device and the catalytic converter. This theoretical stance does not provide a relevant analytical framework to describe the lobbying behavior of carmakers, though. Consequently, environmental regulation should be perceived as a selection criterion of technological innovation. In this perspective, the evolutionist model is enriched by the dynamic capacity’s analysis, which provides a convenient microeconomic foundation through a strategic behavior. The existence of integrative and traductive dynamic capacities of environmental regulation is, then, stated. These competencies allow the firm to cope with regulation variations and provide the basis of a competitive advantage
Steux, Bruno. "RT Maps, un environnement logiciel dédié à la conception d'applications embarquées temps-réel : utilisation pour la détection automatique de véhicules par fusion radar / vision". Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1013.
Pełny tekst źródłaPetti, Stéphane Renaud. "Navigation sûre en environnement dynamique : une approche par planification de mouvement partiel". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003661.
Pełny tekst źródłaBeaudoin, Jean-François. "Contrôle actif d'écoulement en aérodynamique automobile". Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1284.
Pełny tekst źródłaNalewaj, Vincent. "Optimisation de l’emboutissage à tiède des alliages légers". Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1347.
Pełny tekst źródłaHalfaya, Yacine. "Optimisation, fabrication et caractérisation d’un capteur de gaz à base d’hétérostructure AlGaN/GaN HEMT pour des applications automobiles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0312.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe work of the thesis focuses on the development of a new type of gas sensors based III-Nitride semiconductor materials (gallium nitrides). These materials have many advantages that could be used to develop sensitive and selective NOx sensors for the control of pollution emitted by diesel exhaust line. To limit the polluting gases emitted by internal combustion engines in general and diesel in particular (NO, NO2, NH3, CO, ...), different European standards have been established. To meet these standards, anti-pollution systems (consisting of particle filters, catalysts, NOx sensors, ... etc) are used. NOx sensors currently used in automobiles are based on a solid electrolyte. Their operation is based on the measurement of the oxygen concentration. This enables an estimate of the total concentration of NOx gas (indirect measurement) after filtering NOx from O2 and decomposing NOx into O2. These sensors do not detect NH3 at the outlet of the exhaust line, and do not give accurate information on the relationship between NO and NO2 (lack of selectivity) which is important factor for an optimal functioning of selective catalyst (SCR performance improvement). Hence there exists a need for a more efficient and selective in particular gas sensor to improve the control systems, post-treatment and diagnosis. Our approach is to use a HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) transistor based on gallium nitride with a combination of a functional layer instead of the gate. The interaction of the gas molecules with the functional layer gives a signature (output signal variation) specific for each type of gas that helps to improve the selectivity. The project contains two parts: the optimization of the chosen structure and the optimization of the functional layer in order to achieve selective detection between various gaseous pollutants. This technology is interesting for development of gas sensors through the possibility of detection low voltage variations and the possibility of operating in harsh environments. The thesis is part of OpenLab "Materials and Processes" in a collaboration between Georgia Tech-CNRS laboratory and the PSA Peugeot-Citroen Group
Garcia, Julien. "Développement d'une méthode d'évaluation de la performance environnementale des innovations incrémentales". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0004.
Pełny tekst źródłaSustainable development is the conceptualization of transition imposed from human society towards a sustainableway of development for the world to find a solution to the crisis of the Environment. In this regard, ecodesign isone of the solutions that the industrial and business world proposes to implement. It consists of taking into accountthe environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a product (good or service) in the design of it. Integratingthe Environment dimension raises a triple complexity: (i) the one related to the multi-criteria nature of theEnvironment dimension, (ii) the one related to understanding the Environment dimension by actors designingproducts who may resist and be a barrier to successful integration, and (iii) the one related to process design andinnovation of a product, especially in the case of complex products. But despite the multitude of ecodesign toolsthat has been developed, few research topics are interested in taking into account both technical and organizationalaspects, while integrating environment in the innovation phase of a complex product. Therefore this thesis aims toexperiment, by a car manufacturer, an integration strategy of the environmental evaluation of incrementalinnovations, named E3PICS (Methodology of an Evolutive integration of the Evaluation of the EnvironmentalPerformances of Innovative Complex Sub-systems). Framed by constraints on the technical and organizationalconstraints, E3PICS strategy employs a progressive approach to integrate a scalable ecodesign repository inadvanced process engineering of innovative features that are connected to development projects vehicles. The firststep is the iterative design of the scalable ecodesign repository with the ecodesign team (in the EnvironmentDepartment) and innovation leaders, allowing cross learning. The second step is to accompany all the innovationleaders in the systematic use of the ecodesign repository. The third step is to develop an analytical tool for assessingthe impact of innovations on the recycling end of life vehicles. It requires the creation of models of vehicles tobypass the lack of data on the complete system under design and project impact. The fourth and final step is thedevelopment of a second analytical tool for assessing the impact of innovations on environmental performanceover the life cycle of vehicles. Similarly, the tool requires a method of developing environmental models ofvehicles; however, for environmental impacts calculated on the life cycle, unlike recyclability which is calculatedon the vehicle end of life, these models are based on the treatment by hierarchical clustering of vehicle life cycleassessment results . The experiments were performed at PSA Peugeot Citroen. The E3PICS strategy has helped tointegrate the processes of innovation using the eco-design repository and systematize its use in the context of asustainable continuous improvement of vehicle manufacturer
Ratli, Mustapha. "Système de gestion du stationnement dans un environnement dynamique et multi-objectifs". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0035/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe parking problem is nowadays one of the major issues in urban transportation planning and traffic management research. In fact, the consequences of the lack of parking slots along with the inadequate management of these facilities are tremendous. The aim of this thesis is to provide efficient and robust algorithms in order to save time and money for drivers and to increase the income of parking managers. The problem is formulated as a multi-objective assignment problem in static and dynamic environments. First, for the static environment, we propose new two-phase heuristics to calculate an approximation of the set of efficient solutions for a bi-objective problem. In the first phase, we generate the supported efficient set with a standard dichotomic algorithm. In the second phase we use four metaheuristics to generate an approximation of the non-supported efficient solutions. The proposed approaches are tested on the bi-objective shortest path problem and the biobjective assignment problem. For the dynamic environment, we propose a mixed integer linear programming formulation that is solved several times over a given horizon. The objective functions consist of a balance between the satisfaction of drivers and the interest of the parking managers. Two approaches are proposed for this dynamic assignment problem with or without learning phase. To reinforce the learning phase, an estimation of distribution algorithm is proposed to predict the future demand. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, simulation tests have been carried out. A pilot implementation has also been conducted in the parking of the University of Valenciennes, using an existing platform called framework for context aware transportation services, which allows dynamic deployment of services. This platform can dynamically switch from one approach to another depending on the context. This thesis is part of the project SYstem For Smart Road Applications (SYFRA)
Braïkia, Yacine. "Méthodes d'identification et de caractérisation de source de bruit en environnement réverbérant". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00752098.
Pełny tekst źródłaFesharakifard, Rasul. "Conception et réalisation d'une interface à retour d'effort pour les environnements virtuels à échelle humaine". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004216.
Pełny tekst źródłaLachassagne, Laurent. "Développement expérimental et modélisation numérique d'une boucle diphasique à pompage capillaire en environnement gravitaire : application au refroidissement de composants d'électronique de puissance en contexte automobile". Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583612.
Pełny tekst źródłaRancière, Fanny. "Phénotypes respiratoires et allergiques chez l'enfant jusqu'à l'âge de 4 ans en relation avec son environnement de vie : étude de la cohorte de naissance PARIS". Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05S006.
Pełny tekst źródłaBackground: The natural history of asthma and allergies during childhood is still not fully understood. In addition, there are still some uncertainties about the contribution of behavioral and environmental factors to the development of these pathologies. Objectives: 1) To study the natural history of respiratory and allergic symptoms in children from birth to age 4 years by identifying phenotypes based upon these symptoms using cluster analyses, 2) To characterize these phenotypes with regard to their comorbidity and risk factors, especially those related to the life environment of children, including their early exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TAP). Methods: This work is part of the follow-up of the PARIS (Pollution and Asthma Risk: an Infant Study) birth cohort, implemented in 2003 and including 3840 newborns. Self-administered questionnaires regularly filled in by parents were used to collect information about the health status of children in terms of respiratory/allergic symptoms and diseases, as well as about lifestyle/environment characteristics. IgE-mediated sensitisation was determined at the age of 18 months. Exposure to TAP integrating the different places of residence and day-care was assessed in the first year of life of children using a dispersion model, the ExTra index. Respiratory/allergic phenotypes were identified between 0 and 4 years by cross-sectional and longitudinal cluster analyses. Comorbidity and risk factors associated with phenotypes were studied. Results: Between 0 and 4 years, wheezing has been reported in 31% of children, and dry night cough in 38%, whereas 43% and 38% have experienced symptoms suggestive of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, respectively. The prevalence of doctor-diagnosed diseases in the first 4 years was 12.2% for asthma, 39.4% for eczema and 3.8% for hay fever. The study of joint trajectories of symptoms such as wheezing, dry night cough, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis identified a group with low prevalence of symptoms [n=1236, 49.0%] and four distinct phenotypes: two transient ("transient rhinitis" [n=295, 11.7%] and "transient wheeze" [n=399, 15.8%]), without any relation with IgE sensitisation, and two persistent ("cough/rhinitis" [n=284, 11.3%] and "dermatitis" [n=308, 12.2%]) associated with allergic sensitisation. Transient rhinitis phenotype was only associated with tobacco smoke exposure, which could irritate the airways. Transient wheeze phenotype was related to male sex and contact with other children (older siblings, day-care attendance). Lastly, risk factors for both IgE-associated phenotypes encompassed parental history of allergy, potential exposure to allergens and stress, known to be associated with the development of allergic diseases. With regard to allergic symptomatology, our results also show that the impact of early exposure to TAP could be more important in some subgroups of children (boys, children with parental history of allergy, and children whose mother experienced a serious health problem). Conclusion: This work contributes to a better understanding of the natural history of respiratory/allergic symptoms during preschool years, and provides evidence for the existence of different phenotypes before school age. The fact they differ in terms of sensitisation and risk factors reinforces the plausibility of distinct profiles, potentially linked to irritation and infections for the transient phenotypes, and to allergy for the persistent phenotypes
Guerfala, Wassim. "Élaboration de bio-composite hybride à matrice thermoplastique : formulation optimale et modélisation du comportement statique en vue d'une application pour pièces de structure dans l'automobile". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0022.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe environmental impact is becoming increasingly important in the automotive industry, pushing OEMs to reduce CO2 emissions through clean engines and structural weight reduction. Composite materials, combining lightness and mechanical strength, offer a good alternative to standard steels with a considerable weight reduction. This study mainly aims to apply bio-composite materials in the automotive structure.To meet the various mechanical, thermal and economic requirements, the first objective of this study is to develop ahybrid composite material based on two natural fibers with complementary characteristics to optimize its performance while guaranteeing the homogeneity of its mechanical behavior. The second objective is the development of a numeric tool that would allow rapid pre-design of structural parts reinforced with this hybrid composite material. Indeed, the obligations of the automotive industry are quickly and continuously changing; it is necessary to provide quick and cost-effective responses (compared to the long and expensive experimental campaigns especially when there is sensitivity to the environmental conditions to consider)
Ndiaye, Mamadou Babacar. "Le recyclage de métaux d'origine industrielle au Sénégal". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00455171.
Pełny tekst źródłaBellens, François. "Caractérisation et modélisation de canal intra-véhiculaire : communication ultra-large bande et retournement temporel". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209452.
Pełny tekst źródłaDoctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Vu, Duc Tan. "Commande tolérante aux défauts des entraînements de machines synchrones à aimants permanents polyphasées non-sinusoïdales sous contraintes de courant et de tension pour les applications automobiles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE040.
Pełny tekst źródłaElectric drives for electrified vehicles need to fulfil some specific requirements from automotive markets such as high efficiency, high volume power and torque densities, low-cost but safe-to-touch, high functional reliability, high torque quality, and flux-weakening control. In this context, multiphase permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drives have become suitable candidates to meet the above requirements. The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to propose and refine fault-tolerant control strategies for non-sinusoidal multiphase PMSM drives that require less constraints on their design. In addition, constraints on current and voltage defined by the inverter and the machine are considered to optimize the machine control under the non-sinusoidal condition without exceeding their allowable limits. Therefore, the system sizing is guaranteed, especially in flux-weakening operations. The proposed fault-tolerant control strategies, based on the mathematical model of multiphase drives, enrich the control field of multiphase drives by providing various control options. The selection of one of the proposed control options can be a trade-off between a high quality torque but a low average value and a high average torque but a relatively high ripple. The control and torque performances of the drives can be refined by using artificial intelligence with a simple type of artificial neural networks named ADALINE (ADAptive LInear NEuron). With self-learning ability, fast convergence, and simplicity, ADALINEs can be applied to industrial multiphase drives. All proposed control strategies in this doctoral thesis are validated with an experimental seven-phase PMSM drive. The non-sinusoidal back electromotive force (back-EMF) of the experimental seven-phase PMSM is complex with the presence of multi-harmonics. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategies, and their applicability in a multiphase machine with a complex non-sinusoidal back-EMF
Rocci, Anaïs. "De l'automobilité à la multimodalité ? : analyse sociologique des freins et leviers au changement de comportements vers une réduction de l'usage de la voiture : le cas de la région parisienne et perspective internationale". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194390.
Pełny tekst źródłaLuxey, Cyril. "Conception d'antennes imprimees passives et actives pour des applications en environnement automobile". Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE5336.
Pełny tekst źródłaKolli, Zehir. "Dynamique de renouvellement du parc automobile : Projection et impact environnemental". Phd thesis, Paris 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00860364.
Pełny tekst źródłaDanca, Paul Alexandru. "Stratégies de ventilation pour l'amélioration de la qualité de l'environnement intérieur dans les véhicules". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S089.
Pełny tekst źródłaPrediction of comfortable thermal conditions inside a vehicle cabin is still a challenge due to the transient behavior of this environment. Understanding flow patterns is still difficult nowadays for researchers due to the complexity of the interior cabin geometry and of the ventilation system (flow rate, location and geometry of the air diffusers). Thermal comfort has been widely studied in build environments, while thermal comfort in vehicles is a relatively new subject, with fairly few extensive studies that are exploring all possibilities of investigation in this direction. The currently available standard intended for the evaluation of vehicle thermal environment, EN ISO 14505, propose models extensively used for buildings, which do not seem to be entirely adapted for the vehicular space. Unlike the indoor environment from buildings, the vehicular cabin climate is dominated by thermal transient conditions: the strongly non-uniform temperature distributions, both in air and on the surfaces, associated with the high localized air speeds, the relatively higher levels of relative humidity compared to the buildings, the solar radiation intensity, and the radiative heat exchange from the interior surfaces, the angles of incidence of the solar radiation etc. In the absence of the evaluation models adapted to this environment, the available literature is dispersed around those papers dealing with environmental conditions inside the vehicle that might affect the human thermal comfort and those concerning the human’s response and perception of its interaction with the environment. In this context, we decided to orient the research work in this thesis around the complex problematic of cabin thermal environment and its effect on driver’s and passenger’s thermal state. The thesis presents numerical and experimental studies of the effects of an improved set of dashboard air diffusers over passengers’ thermal comfort. The general objectives of the doctoral research project could be summarized as following: to deepen the knowledge and to understand thermal phenomena that occur in cabin thermal environment; to develop and validate a complex numerical model in order to get insight into the complex phenomena previously evoked. These three general objectives were intended to sustain the main goal of the doctoral research that is: improvement of thermal sensation of vehicle occupants, by implementation of innovative air diffusers. To this end we oriented our research towards diffusers with a special geometry that allows flow control mechanisms resulting in the improvement of mixing between air supply by the ventilation system and the ambient air in the cabin. During the complex quest, we could have the opportunity to become familiar to the intricate thermal phenomena, to analyze the real role played by transient environment parameters perceiving thermal comfort and in its estimation. During all this quest we tried to stay on a line that would ultimately allow to respond to a set of fundamental questions, namely: To what extent this kind of parameters can affect the perceiving of comfort, and also the consequences of an "incomplete" assessment proposed by the existing evaluation models ? How is, in this context, affected the ventilation and air conditioning design due to the use of current models for pre-evaluating a good functioning of the HVAC systems – in particular for vehicles - and an acceptable environment for their users ?
Querini, Florent. "Analyse de cycle de vie des énergies alternatives pour l'automobile et propositions méthodologiques pour une meilleure évaluation des impacts locaux". Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2012. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/74/42/20/PDF/ThA_se_Florent_QUERINI.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD thesis conducted thanks to a CIFRE contract between the company Renault and the PPRIME Institute (UPR CNRS 3346, ISAE-ENSMA-Université de Poitiers), is focused on life cycle analyses for automotive fuels and alternative energies. The individual mobility is facing numerous challenges: global warming, urban pollution, depletion of resources, etc. Therefore, different alternative are now proposed to cope with these challenges: biofuels, hydrogen, electric vehicles, etc. LCA is a tool that allows assessing the environmental impacts of a product system. This PhD thesis is focused on taking into account the local impacts linked with the production and the consumption of diesel, gasoline (these two latters being the reference fuels), biofuels and electricity. It especially deals with the issues associated with the relevance of these impacts, for instance by trying to establish which impacts to select and how to enhance them (difference between urban and rural emissions or between high and near-ground sources). The second part of this PhD thesis studies the impact of the car use, by particularly focusing on the local pollutants emitted according to the aftertreatment standards and the driving cycle. All of this aims at obtaining LCA results that are more relevant and that can be more easily interpreted for a reliable decision-making process compatible with Renault's main strategic issues. The results show a complex environmental footprint: while renewable electricity provides true benefits compared with conventional fuels, fossil electricity has a mixed result, depending on the impact which is considered. Moreover, biofuels have a stronger environmental impact than fossil fuels. Finally, the rural / urban distinction highlights the benefit on human health associated with electric vehicles
Azzi, Slim. "Couplage visuo-haptique en environnement de conduite simulée". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00703769.
Pełny tekst źródłaMilor, Alice. "Construire l’automobile, conduire l’Europe. Industriels, consommateurs et responsables politiques (1972-1998)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUL100.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThrough the making of a European policy for the automotive industry, the future of this sector and that of European governance in a context of increased globalization were at stake. At the crossroads of business history and the history of European integration, the objective was to analyze the intertwined trajectories of the automobile industry and the European project at a time when competition from Japanese manufacturers had intensified. The Europeanisation of automobile policies since the 1970s has not only influenced the future of this sector, but has also had an impact on the European project, contributing to the emergence of a form of neoliberalism. High-ranking European officials have used the automobile to forge the Europe they wanted, while manufacturers have sought a Europe that best served their economic interests. In this way, the various stakeholders have tried to shape a form of European automotive identity with variable geometry, which is difficult to capture. This raises the question of European governance, i.e. the way in which the stakeholders – Member States, European decision-makers, industrialists, association activists and civil society – have defended their interests at Community level, between confrontation and co-construction. The battles waged by lobbies and the Commission's secret negotiations, which have led to soft-law agreements with no legal basis, raise the delicate question of the EU's democratic deficit at a time when Euroscepticism is on the rise and the car is increasingly perceived as a product that damages the environment
Salivon, Tetiana. "Vieillissement thermique d’isolants en PVC et PELX de câbles électriques en environnement automobile". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0009/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the automotive industry, the issue of electrical harness dimensioning consists in an optimal definition of the cross-section of metallic conductors, which increases the wire heating due to Joule effect. However, polymers are the most used materials for insulation despite their high sensitivity to thermal ageing. That is the reason why their durability must be determined in automotive environment to be then taken into account during the dimensioning of electrical harness. For this purpose, we analyzed the thermal aging of two insulation sheaths made of PVC and XLPE in air at temperatures of qualification tests (typically between 100°C and 200°C). For PVC, the main ageing mechanism is the physical loss of plasticizer. The material embrittlement occurs when the concentration of the non-dissolved plasticizer phase, which is dispersed as nodules in the weakly plasticized PVC matrix, reaches a critical value of about 0,2 mol.L-1. In contrast, for XLPE, oxidation leads to material embrittlement at the end of the induction period, i.e. when the totality of antioxidants has been consumed. For each insulation sheath, a kinetic model was derived from the ageing mechanisms and a structural end-of-life criterion was established. This model gives access to the remaining life potential and lifetime of electrical cables in service conditions
Charif, Omar. "Modelling and simulating individual's mobility : case study of Luxembourg and its greater region". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2130.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the last century, transport and in particular the use of private cars has emerged as a major source of CO2 emissions (second behinf energy production). Several cities in the world have put in place strategies to deal with this problem and to reduce its adverse enviromental impacts. Some strategies could not achieve their objectives, and had negative reactions from individuals. The ail of this PhD thesis is to propose a methodology and a platform for modelling and simulating people mobility systems. The developed plat form is, then, used to implement land use and transportation scenarios and strategies in a virtual world to study their impact on human behavior in terms of mobility. To develop this platform, we propose a hybrid model, combining cellular automata and multi-agent systems, capable of handling the complexity of the mobility system able to present it at various spatial ans temporal scales
Coeugnet, Stéphanie. "La pression temporelle dans les environnements dynamiques : le cas de la conduite automobile". Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651328.
Pełny tekst źródłaForzy, Jean-François Rabardel Pierre. "Conception ergonomique des environnements multi-instrumentés le cas des postes de conduite automobile /". Saint-Denis : Université de Paris VIII, 2006. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/forzy_jean-francois.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaForzy, Jean-François. "Conception ergonomique pour des environnements multi-instrumentés :Le cas des postes de conduite automobile". Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00109043.
Pełny tekst źródłaDans la perpective de répondre à cet objectif, le modèle instrumental propose une analyse des liens entre les trois pôles Sujet-Instrument-Objet de la situation. Sur cette base nous avons développé un modèle opératif qui met en miroir une face dite «psychologique» non directement observable, mais explicitable, et une face « comportementale » plus directement observable. L'acte instrumental se comprenant comme une articulation entre ces deux faces du même modèle.
La première partie porte sur des artefacts de guidage. Plusieurs modalités sont comparées: Utilisation d'une carte papier, Copilotage humain, Guidage par différentes versions d'un système computationnel.
Les résultats indiquent que par rapport à l'usage de la carte papier, et contrairement aux hypothèses de départ, le guidage avec le système n'augmente pas les performances navigationelles du conducteur, mais diminue significativement le nombre de «situations accidentogènes» rencontrées .
Par ailleurs les résultats montrent aussi que dans les cas où il existe une incohérence, du point de vue du conducteur, entre les prescriptions transmises par le système et ce qu'il perçoit directement de l'environnement routier, des stratégies efficaces de régulation de l'activité sont mises en place.
L'application du cadre instrumental a permis d'interpréter ces résultats en termes de schèmes de gestion des compromis de l'action. Ce compromis s'est réalisé entre «prise de risque» et «performance».
La deuxième partie élargit cette approche à l'analyse de cas d' artefacts diversifiés (commandes sur les ouvrants, sur les essuies vitres ...). Les situations analysées proviennent alors plus souvent d'entretiens relatifs à des situations d'usage d'équipements existant plutôt qu'à partir d'expérimentations ad hoc comme dans la première partie.
L'analyse de la réussite ou non de la conception se fait en terme de concordance entre les deux faces, psychologique et comportementale, du modèle : c'est à dire entre ce qui est attendu et ce qui est obtenu par le sujet au cours de l'activité instrumentée.
Une recherche d'opérationnalisation a ensuite été réalisée en montrant d'une part comment l'analyse de certaines situations d'usage pouvait être généralisée pour servir à la conception d'autres artefacts qui par certains traits caractéristiques pouvaient s'apparenter à la situation étudiée, et d'autre part, par l'établissement d'une correspondance entre des critères de conception et le modèle de l'activité proposé.
De cette recherche transparaissent deux éléments :
- L'analyse à partir du modèle instrumental permet bien d'identifier des invariants de conception, généralisables à une classe donnée d'artefacts.
- Pour cette recherche d'invariants, il peut exister une alternative à la mise en place d'expérimentations sur des prototypes ad hoc du système en cours de conception : l'analyse à partir d'entretiens sur des situations d'usage de systèmes existants.
Marachlian, Jacques. "Modélisation et gestion de la thermique globale d’un véhicule en vue de réduire les émissions de CO2". Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10110.
Pełny tekst źródłaIdrissi, Hassani Azami Hamza. "Commande Prédictive optimale temps-réel, appliquée au contrôle de véhicules automobiles hybrides connectés à leurs environnements". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0105.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe automotive sector has been one of the most CO2 emitting sectors over the past century. The solution considered, to limit vehicle emissions, is the electrification of the power train. The hybrid electric vehicle offers the best compromise to meet the ecological challenges of the automotive industry. The hybrid electric powertrain consists of two engines: an internal combustion engine, powered by fuel, and an electric motor powered by a battery. These two motors must ensure the driver's power demand. The energy is distributed between the two engines in real time in order to minimize fuel consumption. This thesis proposes the study of an optimization-based method to find the most efficient combination of the two engines. The proposed methodology seeks to reconcile the search for a mathematical optimum with the constraints of the real-time implementation, using the theory of optimal control, and the Pontryagin Maximum Principle. The search for a mathematical optimum presupposes the knowledge of a prediction on the driver's future power demands. These predictions can be formed through the vehicle's connectivity (intelligent GPS e-Horizon for example). First, the method is studied with the hypothesis of a completely reliable prediction. Through simulation comparisons, we have found that the proposed method can achieve the global optimum provided by a dynamic programming algorithm. By formulating the optimization problem with different simplifying assumptions on the battery model, it appears that the use of a constant voltage model does not alter the optimality of the solution, if the battery's energy capacity is high enough. The use of this simplified model may help to speed up calculations, especially when it is necessary to consider the uncertainties of predictions. Moreover, under the assumption of reliable predictions, the method shows robustness to the inaccuracies of the model used. To take into account the uncertainty of the power demands prediction, random variables are introduced in the model. Using the Pontryagin Maximum Principle theorem, the uncertainties of the predictions affect fuel consumption only through the battery’s state of charge at the end of the trip. Instead of validating a prediction by comparing it with the actual values of the power demand, the uncertainty is transferred to the electrical energy and the final state of charge of the battery. The predictions probabilistic model determines the predictions horizon length. Normally distributed predictions, and predictions based on Markov chains are studied. These two models allow prediction horizons of 2-3 min over which our optimization method based on optimal control is applied in real time. The proposed probabilistic method is general and is not limited to the probabilistic models studied. Based on the principles outlined in this thesis, by increasing the accuracy of the predictions model, it will be possible to use larger prediction horizons, which means better fuel economy and lower CO2 missions
Aggeri, Franck. "Environnement et pilotage de l'innovation : un modèle dynamique du développement durable : le cas du recyclage automobile". Paris, ENMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0874.
Pełny tekst źródłaTrosseille, Xavier. "Contribution a la recherche d'une alternative au critere de tolerance cerebrale (hic) dans un environnement automobile". Paris, ENSAM, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENAM0015.
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