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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Automatic memory processes”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 31 stycznia 2023

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1

Ellis, Norman R., Darlene M. Meador i James W. Bodfish. "Differences in intelligence and automatic memory processes". Intelligence 9, nr 3 (lipiec 1985): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-2896(85)90028-5.

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2

Krings, Franciska. "Automatic and Controlled Influences of Associations with Age on Memory". Swiss Journal of Psychology 63, nr 4 (grudzień 2004): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185.63.4.247.

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The influence of positive and negative associations with age on memory through automatic and controlled processes was investigated in three experiments using Jacoby’s (1991) process dissociation procedure. Experiments 1 and 2 (with younger people) demonstrated that negative associations with older people influenced recognition memory performance through automatic processes whereas positive associations influenced memory through controlled processes. Experiment 3 investigated the influence of age attitudes on memory in older adults. Again, negative associations with older adults influenced memory performance through automatic processes and positive associations through controlled processes. Methodological aspects and implications for motivational functions of attitudes and stereotyping are discussed.

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3

Batta, Barbara, Ildikó Király i Tamás Tompa. "Automatic and controlled monitoring processes in source memory". Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle 69, nr 3 (1.09.2014): 495–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/mpszle.69.2014.3.2.

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Vizsgálatunk célja az emlékezeti előhívás során aktiválódó asszociatív és stratégiavezérelt folyamatok (Shing és mtsai, 2010) mechanizmusainak feltárása volt perceptuális forrásmonitorozási paradigma segítségével. E kérdést fejlődési kontextusba helyezve óvodás korú, kisiskolás és felnőtt személyek teljesítményét hasonlítottuk össze egy emlékezeti feladatban. A hétköznapi színűk alapján kongruens, inkongruens és neutrális képeket alakítottunk ki és mutattunk be incidentális tanulási helyzetben, majd azt kértük a vizsgálati személyektől, hogy emlékezzenek arra, milyen színű volt a tesztfázisban újra bemutatott, ezúttal fekete-fehér kép. Hipotézisünk alapján azt vártuk, hogy különbség mutatkozik a csoportok között az inkongruens és neutrális képek helyes színére való emlékezésben, azonban nem feltétlenül találunk különbséget a kongruens színű képek színének felidézésekor, elsősorban a már gyermekkorban aktívnak és érettnek mutatkozó asszociatív folyamatoknak köszönhetően. Eltérést találtunk a kongruens és inkongruens képekre való emlékezésben, illetve az inkongruens képek színében elkövetett hibák mintázatában. Eredményeink megerősítették hipotézisünket, mely szerint a gyermekek előhívási profilját a már érett, felnőttekhez hasonló, univerzális tudásra építő asszociatív folyamatok és az éretlen, gátlási mechanizmusokat is tartalmazó stratégiavezérelt folyamatok jellemzik.

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4

Zhang, Jie, Tongtong Xue i Zhijie Zhang. "Salient cues facilitate automatic processes in prospective memory". NeuroReport 32, nr 10 (20.05.2021): 864–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnr.0000000000001668.

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5

Boot, Walter R., Jason S. Mccarley, Arthur F. Kramer i Matthew S. Peterson. "Automatic and intentional memory processes in visual search". Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 11, nr 5 (październik 2004): 854–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03196712.

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6

Rohling, M. L., i F. Scogin. "Automatic and Effortful Memory Processes in Depressed Persons". Journal of Gerontology 48, nr 2 (1.03.1993): P87—P95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronj/48.2.p87.

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7

Grafman, J., S. Rao, L. Bernardin i G. J. Leo. "Automatic Memory Processes in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis". Archives of Neurology 48, nr 10 (1.10.1991): 1072–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1991.00530220094025.

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8

Ellis, Norman R. "Automatic and effortful processes in memory for spatial location". Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 29, nr 1 (styczeń 1991): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03334759.

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9

Trojano, Luigi, Laura Chiacchio, Dario Grossi i Arturo Orsini. "Automatic memory coding processes in early stages of dementia." Neuropsychology 4, nr 3 (1990): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.4.3.183.

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10

Kirchner, Thomas R., i Michael A. Sayette. "Effects of alcohol on controlled and automatic memory processes." Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 11, nr 2 (2003): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1064-1297.11.2.167.

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11

Mccarley, J. S., A. F. Kramer, W. R. Boot i A. M. Colcombe. "Automatic and intentional memory processes in saccade target selection". Journal of Vision 3, nr 9 (18.03.2010): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/3.9.693.

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12

Danion, J. M., P. Vidailhet, M. Kazès, F. Kauffmann-Muller i D. Grangé. "Effects of benzodiazepines on conscious and automatic memory processes". European Neuropsychopharmacology 6 (czerwiec 1996): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-977x(96)88174-0.

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13

Hudson, John M. "Automatic memory processes in normal ageing and Alzheimer's disease". Cortex 44, nr 3 (marzec 2008): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2006.08.002.

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14

Holliday, Robyn E., i Brett K. Hayes. "Dissociating Automatic and Intentional Processes in Children's Eyewitness Memory". Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 75, nr 1 (styczeń 2000): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jecp.1999.2521.

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15

Yonelinas, Andrew P., i Larry L. Jacoby. "Dissociating automatic and controlled processes in a memory-search task: Beyond implicit memory". Psychological Research 57, nr 3-4 (kwiecień 1995): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00431277.

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16

Khader, Patrick H., Thorsten Pachur, Lilian A. E. Weber i Kerstin Jost. "Neural Signatures of Controlled and Automatic Retrieval Processes in Memory-based Decision-making". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28, nr 1 (styczeń 2016): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00882.

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Decision-making often requires retrieval from memory. Drawing on the neural ACT-R theory [Anderson, J. R., Fincham, J. M., Qin, Y., & Stocco, A. A central circuit of the mind. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12, 136–143, 2008] and other neural models of memory, we delineated the neural signatures of two fundamental retrieval aspects during decision-making: automatic and controlled activation of memory representations. To disentangle these processes, we combined a paradigm developed to examine neural correlates of selective and sequential memory retrieval in decision-making with a manipulation of associative fan (i.e., the decision options were associated with one, two, or three attributes). The results show that both the automatic activation of all attributes associated with a decision option and the controlled sequential retrieval of specific attributes can be traced in material-specific brain areas. Moreover, the two facets of memory retrieval were associated with distinct activation patterns within the frontoparietal network: The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was found to reflect increasing retrieval effort during both automatic and controlled activation of attributes. In contrast, the superior parietal cortex only responded to controlled retrieval, arguably reflecting the sequential updating of attribute information in working memory. This dissociation in activation pattern is consistent with ACT-R and constitutes an important step toward a neural model of the retrieval dynamics involved in memory-based decision-making.

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17

van Wingen, Guido, Claudia Mattern, Robbert Jan Verkes, Jan Buitelaar i Guillén Fernández. "Testosterone biases automatic memory processes in women towards potential mates". NeuroImage 43, nr 1 (październik 2008): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.07.002.

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18

Grafman, Jordan, Herbert Weingartner, Brian Lawlor, Alan M. Mellow, Karen Thompsen-Putnam i Trey Sunderland. "Automatic Memory Processes in Patients with Dementia-Alzheimer's Type (DAT)". Cortex 26, nr 3 (wrzesień 1990): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-9452(13)80086-x.

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19

Fillmore, Mark, Thomas Kelly, Craig Rush i Lon Hays. "Retrograde facilitation of memory by triazolam: effects on automatic processes". Psychopharmacology 158, nr 3 (1.11.2001): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130100873.

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20

SATO, Katsutoshi, i Hisao MAEKAWA. "Automatic Encoding Processes in Memory for Spatial Location in Adolescents with Mental Retardation : Memory Processes and Individual Differences". Japanese Journal of Special Education 35, nr 4 (1998): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.6033/tokkyou.35.1_4.

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21

Peters, Ellen, i Alan Castel. "Numerical representation, math skills, memory, and decision-making". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32, nr 3-4 (sierpień 2009): 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x09990847.

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AbstractThe consideration of deliberate versus automatic processing of numeric representations is important to math education, memory for numbers, and decision-making. In this commentary, we address the possible roles for numeric representations in such higher-level cognitive processes. Current evidence is consistent with important roles for both automatic and deliberative processing of the representations.

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22

Grunert, Klaus G. "Automatic and Strategic Processes in Advertising Effects". Journal of Marketing 60, nr 4 (październik 1996): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224299606000408.

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The author distinguishes two kinds of cognitive processes: automatic processes, which are mostly subconscious, are learned and changed slowly and are not subject to the capacity limitations of working memory, and strategic processes, which are conscious, are subject to capacity limitations, and can easily be adapted to situational circumstances. The perception of advertising and the way it influences brand evaluation involves both processes. Automatic processes govern the recognition of advertising stimuli, the relevance decision that determines further higher-level processing, the retrieval of information, and the provision of a heuristic for brand evaluation. Strategic processes govern learning and inference formation. The relative importance of both types of processes depends on product involvement. The distinction of these two types of processes leads to some conclusions that are at variance with current notions about advertising effects. For example, the attention span problem is relevant only for strategic processes. A certain amount of learning can occur with little conscious effort, and advertising's effect on brand evaluation may be more stable for low- than for high-involvement products.

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23

Ben-Zur, Hasida. "Automatic and directed search processes in solving simple semantic-memory problems". Memory & Cognition 17, nr 5 (wrzesień 1989): 617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03197084.

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24

Tracy, Joseph I., i Marsha E. Bates. "The selective effects of alcohol on automatic and effortful memory processes." Neuropsychology 13, nr 2 (1999): 282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.13.2.282.

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25

McDaniel, Mark A., i Gilles O. Einstein. "Strategic and automatic processes in prospective memory retrieval: a multiprocess framework". Applied Cognitive Psychology 14, nr 7 (2000): S127—S144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acp.775.

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26

Vidailhet, P., M. Kazès, J. M. Danion, F. Kauffmann-Muller i D. Grangé. "Effects of lorazepam and diazepam on conscious and automatic memory processes". Psychopharmacology 127, nr 1-2 (czerwiec 1996): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02805976.

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27

Johansson, Tobias. "Modeling test learning and dual-task dissociations". Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 27, nr 5 (15.06.2020): 1036–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01761-4.

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Abstract Much of cognitive psychology is premised on the distinction between automatic and intentional processes, but the distinction often remains vague in practice and alternative explanations are often not followed through. For example, Hendricks, Conway and Kellogg (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 39, 491–1500, 2013) found that dual tasks at training versus at test dissociated performance in two different artificial grammar learning tasks. This was taken as evidence for underlying automatic and intentional processes. In this article, a different explanation is considered based on test learning and similarity, where participants are assumed to update their knowledge at test. Contrasting formal memory models of test learning are implemented, and it is concluded that the models account for the relevant dissociations without assuming a distinction between automatic and intentional processes.

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28

Dehn, M. Doris, i Johannes Engelkamp. "Process Dissociation Procedure: Double Dissociations following Divided Attention and Speeded Responding". Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 50, nr 2 (maj 1997): 318–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/027249897392116.

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The validity of the process dissociation procedure was examined by manipulating attention and speed of responding in a recognition task. Both manipulations were expected to decrease the probability of controlled memory processes, c, while leaving the probability of automatic memory processes, a, unaffected. In order to estimate c and a, a multinomial processing tree model was fitted to the data. Contrary to expectation, a double dissociation (i.e.a decrease inc coupled with an increase in a) was obtained, suggesting that a does not accurately measure the probability of automatic processes. The results are discussed with reference to the independence assumption in the process dissociation procedure.

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29

Vaterrodt-Plünnecke, Bianca, Thomas Krüger i Jürgen Bredenkamp. "Process-Dissociation Procedure: A Testable Model for Considering Assumptions About the Stochastic Relation Between Consciously Controlled and Automatic Processes". Experimental Psychology 49, nr 1 (styczeń 2002): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.49.1.3.

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Abstract. This paper presents an extension of the process-dissociation procedure with wordstem completion, which makes possible the measurement of the stochastic relationship between consciously controlled and automatic processes. By means of an indirect wordstem completion test, the conditional probabilities of conscious remembering with and without automatic processes can be successfully determined. A multinomial model for the evaluation of this extended process-dissociation procedure is presented. This model makes the distinction between voluntary and involuntary conscious memory processes possible and has been applied to two experiments discussed in this paper. The results show that the assumption of stochastic independence is often violated, albeit not as strongly as predicted by the redundancy or exclusivity model variants. Two conscious processes were found, voluntary and involuntary conscious memory processes, each with a different probability of occurrence.

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30

Arroyo-Anlló, Eva M., Stéphanie Bellouard, Pierre Ingrand i Roger Gil. "Effects of Automatic/Controlled Access Processes on Semantic Memory in Alzheimer's Disease". Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 25, nr 3 (8.07.2011): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-2011-110083.

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31

KANG, Cheng, i Zhenhong WANG. "Emotionally Enhanced Memory Relied on Arousal and Valence: Automatic and Controlled Processes". Acta Psychologica Sinica 45, nr 9 (13.12.2013): 970–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2013.00970.

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32

Adam, Stéphane, Martial Van der Linden, Fabienne Collette, Laurence Lemauvais i Eric Salmon. "Further Exploration of Controlled and Automatic Memory Processes in Early Alzheimer's Disease." Neuropsychology 19, nr 4 (2005): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.19.4.420.

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Holliday, Robyn E., i Brett K. Hayes. "Automatic and intentional processes in children's recognition memory: the reversed misinformation effect". Applied Cognitive Psychology 16, nr 1 (styczeń 2002): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acp.789.

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34

Jovic, Vladimir, i Sverre Varvin. "Trauma and Memory". Revista Portuguesa de Psicanálise 42, nr 1 (6.08.2022): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51356/rpp.421a1.

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A theory of traumatic memory was developed by Breuer and Freud in “Studies on Hysteria” based on Charcot’s theory on the traumatic origin of mental disorders. This was again developed in DSM-III in 1980 with the introduction of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), where traumatic memory was conceptualized as a core of the syndrome and set in causal relationship with its manifestations. This implied that “trauma” tended to be seen as something static and reified, like a “thing” in the mind. It is shown that this conceptualisation diverts attention from the dynamic and reorganizing processes in the traumatized person’s mind, body and relations to others. The psychoanalytic conceptualization includes a wider spectre of the manifestations in posttraumatic conditions and it differs in the understanding of underlying processes. What is common for both childhood and adult trauma and their posttraumatic manifestations are deficiencies in symbolization processes related to the traumatic experiences. The signal anxiety function fails and the ego is overwhelmed by automatic or annihilation anxiety. The ability to distinguish between real danger and neutral stimuli which function as triggers fails. As anxiety related to trauma cannot be mentalized, fragments of the self are split off and evacuated. These experiences remain as fragmented bits and pieces that can express themselves in bodily pain, dissociated states of mind, nightmares and relational disturbances. Thus, the consequences of psychological trauma may be conceptualised as processes characterised by splitting off of not mentalized inner objects/introjects and parts of the mental apparatus. These processes are illustrated with a short clinical vignette.

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35

Jovic, Vladimir, i Sverre Varvin. "Trauma and Memory". Revista Portuguesa de Psicanálise 42, nr 1 (6.08.2022): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51356/rpp.421a1.

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A theory of traumatic memory was developed by Breuer and Freud in “Studies on Hysteria” based on Charcot’s theory on the traumatic origin of mental disorders. This was again developed in DSM-III in 1980 with the introduction of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), where traumatic memory was conceptualized as a core of the syndrome and set in causal relationship with its manifestations. This implied that “trauma” tended to be seen as something static and reified, like a “thing” in the mind. It is shown that this conceptualisation diverts attention from the dynamic and reorganizing processes in the traumatized person’s mind, body and relations to others. The psychoanalytic conceptualization includes a wider spectre of the manifestations in posttraumatic conditions and it differs in the understanding of underlying processes. What is common for both childhood and adult trauma and their posttraumatic manifestations are deficiencies in symbolization processes related to the traumatic experiences. The signal anxiety function fails and the ego is overwhelmed by automatic or annihilation anxiety. The ability to distinguish between real danger and neutral stimuli which function as triggers fails. As anxiety related to trauma cannot be mentalized, fragments of the self are split off and evacuated. These experiences remain as fragmented bits and pieces that can express themselves in bodily pain, dissociated states of mind, nightmares and relational disturbances. Thus, the consequences of psychological trauma may be conceptualised as processes characterised by splitting off of not mentalized inner objects/introjects and parts of the mental apparatus. These processes are illustrated with a short clinical vignette.

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36

Delhaye, Emma, Adrien Folville, Isabelle Simoes Loureiro, Laurent Lefebvre, Eric Salmon i Christine Bastin. "Do Alzheimer’s Disease Patients Benefit From Prior-Knowledge in Associative Recognition Memory?" Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 25, nr 04 (30.01.2019): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617718001212.

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AbstractObjectives: Although the influence of prior knowledge on associative memory in healthy aging has received great attention, it has never been studied in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed at assessing whether AD patients could benefit from prior knowledge in associative memory and whether such benefit would be related to the integrity of their semantic memory. Methods: Twenty-one AD patients and 21 healthy older adults took part in an associative memory task using semantically related and unrelated word pairs and were also submitted to an evaluation of their semantic memory. Results: While participants of both groups benefited from semantic relatedness in associative discrimination, related pairs recognition was significantly predicted by semantic memory integrity in healthy older adults only. Conclusions: We suggest that patients benefitted from semantic knowledge to improve their performance in the associative memory task, but that such performance is not related to semantic knowledge integrity evaluation measures because the two tasks differ in the way semantic information is accessed: in an automatic manner for the associative memory task, with automatic processes thought to be relatively preserved in AD, and in a controlled manner for the semantic knowledge evaluation, with controlled processes thought to be impaired in AD. (JINS, 2019, 25, 443–452)

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37

Dayan, Aharon, i Jerry R. Thomas. "Development of Automatic and Effortful Processes in memory for Spatial Location of Movement". Human Performance 8, nr 1 (marzec 1995): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327043hup0801_4.

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38

Möschl, Marcus, Moritz Walser, Franziska Plessow, Thomas Goschke i Rico Fischer. "Acute stress shifts the balance between controlled and automatic processes in prospective memory". Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 144 (październik 2017): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2017.06.002.

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Schneider, Ronald, Judith Osterburg, Axel Buchner i Reinhard Pietrowsky. "Effect of intranasally administered cholecystokinin on encoding of controlled and automatic memory processes". Psychopharmacology 202, nr 4 (3.10.2008): 559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-008-1332-3.

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40

Bergström, Zara M., Jan de Fockert i Alan Richardson-Klavehn. "Event-related Potential Evidence that Automatic Recollection Can Be Voluntarily Avoided". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, nr 7 (lipiec 2009): 1280–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21075.

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Voluntary control processes can be recruited to facilitate recollection in situations where a retrieval cue fails to automatically bring to mind a desired episodic memory. We investigated whether voluntary control processes can also stop recollection of unwanted memories that would otherwise have been automatically recollected. Participants were trained on cue–associate word-pairs, then repeatedly presented with the cue and asked to either recollect or avoid recollecting the associate, while having the event-related potential (ERP) correlate of conscious recollection measured. Halfway through the phase, some cues switched instructions so that participants had to start avoiding recall of associates they had previously repeatedly recalled, and vice versa. ERPs during recollection avoidance showed a significantly reduced positivity in the correlate of conscious recollection, and switching instructions reversed the ERP effect even for items that had been previously repeatedly recalled, suggesting that voluntary control processes can override highly practiced, automatic recollection. Avoiding recollection of particularly prepotent memories was associated with an additional, earlier ERP negativity that was separable from the later voluntary modulation of conscious recollection. The findings have implications for theories of memory retrieval by highlighting the involvement of voluntary attentional processes in controlling conscious recollection.

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41

Knowlton, Barbara J., i Alan D. Castel. "Memory and Reward-Based Learning: A Value-Directed Remembering Perspective". Annual Review of Psychology 73, nr 1 (4.01.2022): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-032921-050951.

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The ability to prioritize valuable information is critical for the efficient use of memory in daily life. When information is important, we engage more effective encoding mechanisms that can better support retrieval. Here, we describe a dual-mechanism framework of value-directed remembering in which both strategic and automatic processes lead to differential encoding of valuable information. Strategic processes rely on metacognitive awareness of effective deep encoding strategies that allow younger and healthy older adults to selectively remember important information. In contrast, some high-value information may also be encoded automatically in the absence of intention to remember, but this may be more impaired in older age. These different mechanisms are subserved by different neural substrates, with left-hemisphere semantic processing regions active during the strategic encoding of high-value items, and automatic enhancement of encoding of high-value items may be supported by activation of midbrain dopaminergic projections to the hippocampal region.

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42

Hadzidiakos, Daniel A., Nadja Horn, Roland Degener, Axel Buchner i Benno Rehberg. "Analysis of Memory Formation during General Anesthesia (Propofol/Remifentanil) for Elective Surgery Using the Process-dissociation Procedure". Anesthesiology 111, nr 2 (1.08.2009): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181ac4a4b.

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Background There have been reports of memory formation during general anesthesia. The process-dissociation procedure has been used to determine if these are controlled (explicit/conscious) or automatic (implicit/unconscious) memories. This study used the process-dissociation procedure with the original measurement model and one which corrected for guessing to determine if more accurate results were obtained in this setting. Methods A total of 160 patients scheduled for elective surgery were enrolled. Memory for words presented during propofol and remifentanil general anesthesia was tested postoperatively by using a word-stem completion task in a process-dissociation procedure. To assign possible memory effects to different levels of anesthetic depth, the authors measured depth of anesthesia using the BIS XP monitor (Aspect Medical Systems, Norwood, MA). Results Word-stem completion performance showed no evidence of memory for intraoperatively presented words. Nevertheless, an evaluation of these data using the original measurement model for process-dissociation data suggested an evidence of controlled (C = 0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02-0.08) and automatic (A = 0.11; 95% CI 0.09-0.12) memory processes (P < 0.01). However, when the data were evaluated with an extended measurement model taking base rates into account adequately, no evidence for controlled (C = 0.00; 95% CI -0.04 to 0.04) or automatic (A = 0.00; 95% CI -0.02 to 0.02) memory processes was obtained. The authors report and discuss parallel findings for published data sets that were generated by using the process-dissociation procedure. Conclusion Patients had no memories for auditory information presented during propofol/remifentanil anesthesia after midazolam premedication. The use of the process-dissociation procedure with the original measurement model erroneously detected memories, whereas the extended model, corrected for guessing, correctly revealed no memory.

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Porubanova, Michaela. "The Role of Encoding Strategy in the Memory for Expectation-Violating Concepts". Journal of Cognition and Culture 19, nr 3-4 (7.08.2019): 305–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340061.

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AbstractMinimal counterintuitiveness and its automatic processing has been suggested as the explanation of persistence and transmission of cultural ideas. This purported automatic processing remains relatively unexplored. We manipulated encoding strategy to assess the persistence of memory for different types of expectation violation. Participants viewed concepts including two types of expectation violation (schema-level or domain-level) or no violation under three different encoding conditions: in the shallow condition participants focused on the perceptual attributes of the concepts, a deep condition probed their semantic meaning, and intentional remembering condition. Participants’ recall was tested immediately as well as 2 weeks later. Our findings showed the greatest memory enhancement for schema-level violations regardless of the encoding condition, while the memory for domain-level violations improved over time. These results suggest two distinct memory patterns for different types of violations, and illustrate the importance of elaborative processes in memory consolidation especially for violations to our expectations.

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Berninger, Virginia W. "Coordinating Transcription and Text Generation in Working Memory during Composing: Automatic and Constructive Processes". Learning Disability Quarterly 22, nr 2 (maj 1999): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1511269.

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Hodge, Kevin A., i Arthur D. Fisk. "Toward an Understanding of Skill Decay: Retention of Automatic Component Processes". Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, nr 19 (październik 1989): 1258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903301904.

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This investigation addresses fundamental aspects of the reliability and stability of both basic cognitive functions and automatic processing components of skills. In the present experiment we investigated the pattern of component skill retention (or decay) exhibited after training on automatic and controlled processing task components. Participants were trained on a hybrid memory/visual, semantic-category search task and received low (720 trials), moderate (2,160 trials) and high (4,320 trials) amounts of consistently mapped (CM) training plus variably mapped (VM) training (720 trials). Retention was tested at five time intervals: one day, 30 days, 90 days, 180 days and 365 days following training. Critical data for this investigation involve the pattern of performance decay across conditions and retention intervals. After an initial decline in the first 30 days following training, performance in CM conditions remained stable from Day 30 to Day 365. VM performance was erratic. The present research has practical and theoretical significance for elucidation of the mechanisms underlying long-term retention of automatic processes. Specification of these mechanisms is essential in the attempt to predict performance after a period of inactivity, to determine what constitutes appropriate refresher training, and to designate which skill components to emphasize during training.

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Schreckenbach, Franziska, Philipp Sprengholz, Klaus Rothermund i Nicolas Koranyi. "How to Remember Something You Didn't Say". Experimental Psychology 67, nr 6 (listopad 2020): 364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000504.

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Abstract. When individuals suppress secret information, they should keep this omission in mind to not let this information slip out in future situations. Following recent findings about automatic memory retrieval of outright lies, we hypothesized that suppression tendencies are also automatically retrieved from memory when being confronted with a question to which one has previously omitted secret information. In an online study, participants first had to withhold information about a fictitious love affair during a simulated chat with their relationship partner. To assess automatic suppression tendencies, we developed an indirect response time measure wherein a key that had previously been established to indicate suppression now had to be pressed in response to word stimuli that were presented in a specific color. We found implicit suppression tendencies for words that had been withheld during the interview if they were presented following the prime that involved the question which the secret answer referred to. The question primes or the secret information alone did not elicit a suppression tendency, indicating that suppression responses were automatically retrieved from memory after re-encountering the combination of the question and the critical answer. The results are discussed regarding the theoretical implications for automatic memory processes.

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Oades, Robert D., i Boutheina Jemel. "Where the magic breaks down: Boundaries and the “focus-of-attention” in schizophrenia". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, nr 1 (luty 2001): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01443925.

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The boundaries, the influences on, and consequences of a short-term memory (STM) capacity of 4 leads us to consider global versus local processing. We argue that in schizophrenia cognitive problems can lie partly in pre-conscious automatic selective attention and partly with the speed of processing in later controlled processes (including compound STM). The influence of automatic attentional mechanisms may be under-estimated in normal psychology and explain the loss of the magic 4 in schizophrenia.

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Dayar, TuǦrul, i M. Can Orhan. "Kronecker-Based Infinite Level-Dependent QBD Processes". Journal of Applied Probability 49, nr 4 (grudzień 2012): 1166–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1354716665.

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Markovian systems with multiple interacting subsystems under the influence of a control unit are considered. The state spaces of the subsystems are countably infinite, whereas that of the control unit is finite. A recent infinite level-dependent quasi-birth-and-death model for such systems is extended by facilitating the automatic representation and generation of the nonzero blocks in its underlying infinitesimal generator matrix with sums of Kronecker products. Experiments are performed on systems of stochastic chemical kinetics having two or more countably infinite state space subsystems. Results indicate that, even though more memory is consumed, there are many cases where a matrix-analytic solution coupled with Lyapunov theory yields a faster and more accurate steady-state measure compared to that obtained with simulation.

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Dayar, TuǦrul, i M. Can Orhan. "Kronecker-Based Infinite Level-Dependent QBD Processes". Journal of Applied Probability 49, nr 04 (grudzień 2012): 1166–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002190020001295x.

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Markovian systems with multiple interacting subsystems under the influence of a control unit are considered. The state spaces of the subsystems are countably infinite, whereas that of the control unit is finite. A recent infinite level-dependent quasi-birth-and-death model for such systems is extended by facilitating the automatic representation and generation of the nonzero blocks in its underlying infinitesimal generator matrix with sums of Kronecker products. Experiments are performed on systems of stochastic chemical kinetics having two or more countably infinite state space subsystems. Results indicate that, even though more memory is consumed, there are many cases where a matrix-analytic solution coupled with Lyapunov theory yields a faster and more accurate steady-state measure compared to that obtained with simulation.

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SATO, Katsutoshi, i Hisao MAEKAWA. "Memory for Spatial Location in Adolescents with Mental Retardation : In Relation to Automatic Encoded Processes". Japanese Journal of Special Education 33, nr 4 (1996): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.6033/tokkyou.33.39_2.

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