Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Australian women directors”
Kliknij ten link, aby zobaczyć inne rodzaje publikacji na ten temat: Australian women directors.
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych artykułów w czasopismach naukowych na temat „Australian women directors”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj artykuły w czasopismach z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
1
Dimovski, Bill, Luisa Lombardi, Chris Ratcliffe i Barry J. Cooper. "Women Directors and Australian Reit Performance". Pacific Rim Property Research Journal 20, nr 1 (styczeń 2014): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14445921.2014.11104383.
Pełny tekst źródła
2
Sheridan, Alison. "Accessing Directorships: Comparison of Views of Canadian and Australian Women Directors". Psychological Reports 90, nr 1 (luty 2002): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.90.1.150.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Compared are views of Canadian and Australian women directors concerning the difficulties women face in accessing the most privileged level of management—directorships of companies. The Canadian data are from a study of 278 women directors of corporate boards in Canada while the Australian results are from a study of 47 women directors of publicly listed companies in Australia. Despite the different time periods and geographical locations in which the studies were carried out, the profiles and responses of the two groups are quite similar. Both groups believe the current mix of directors is not adequate and that barriers still exist in nominating women to boards.
3
Dimovski, Bill, Luisa Lombardi, Christopher Ratcliffe i Barry John Cooper. "Australian Real Estate Management and Development companies and women directors". Property Management 34, nr 1 (15.02.2016): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-12-2014-0052.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Purpose – There is a large literature advocating the importance of a greater proportion of women directors on boards of publicly listed firms. The purpose of this paper is to examine the numbers and proportions of women directors, including women executive directors, on listed Australian Real Estate Management and Development (REMD) companies to identify how prevalent women directors are on such boards. Design/methodology/approach – The study examines the numbers and proportions of women directors for 35 REMDs in 2011 and compares this to the broad board composition data on 1,715 Australian Stock Exchange listed entities. Statistically significant findings are evident due to the identified low proportions. Findings – The study finds that of all the Financials Sub Industry sector groups, REMDs have the lowest proportion of female directors on theirs boards – eight women on each of 35 company boards compared to 159 men on these 35 boards at 2011. Of the eight, there were only two women executive directors on boards compared to 50 men. Statistically, it appears that having women directors on REMD boards is not considered important. Even at December 2014, there are only ten women on seven company boards and only one remaining executive director of an REMD company. Practical implications – Given that female board representation is positively related to accounting returns and that there is a growing voice for legislation to impose mandatory proportions of women directors on boards around the world, it may be in the interests of REMD boards to consider appointing more women more quickly. Originality/value – The study is the first to examine the numbers and proportions of women directors amongst REMD companies to identify the paucity of such women directors.
4
Zernetska, O. "The Development of Australian Culture in the XX Century: Australian Film Industry". Problems of World History, nr 11 (26.03.2020): 174–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2020-11-10.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This article represents the first attempt in Ukraine of complex interdisciplinary investigation of the history of Australian film development in the XX-th century in the context of Australian culture. Analysing films in historical order the peculiarities of each decade are taken into consideration. The periods of silent films, sound films and colour films are analysed. The best film productions, their film directors and prominent actors are outlined. Special attention is paid to the development of feature films and documentaries.
The article concentrates on the development of different film genres beginning with national historical drama, films of the first pioneers’ survival, adventure films. It is shown how they contribute to the embodiment in films of the main archetypes of Australian culture, the development of Australian identity. After World War I and World War II war films appear to commemorate the courage of the Australian soldiers in the war fields. Later on the destiny of the Australian women white settlers’ wives or native Australians inspired film directors to make them the chief heroines of their movies.
A comparative analysis of films and literary primary sources underlying their scripts is carried out. It is concluded that the Australian directors selected the best examples of Australian national poetry and prose, which reveal the historical and social, cultural and racial problems of the country's development during the twentieth century.
The publication dwells on boom and bust periods of Australian film making. The governmental policy in this sphere is analysed. Different schemes of film production and distribution are outlined to make national film industry compatible with the other film industries of the world, especially with the Hollywood. The area of a new discipline - Australian Film Studios - is studied as well as the works of Australian scholars. It is clarified in what Australian universities this discipline is taught. It is assumed that the experience of Australia in this sphere should be taken by Ukraine.
5
Richardson, Grant, Grantley Taylor i Roman Lanis. "Women on the board of directors and corporate tax aggressiveness in Australia". Accounting Research Journal 29, nr 3 (5.09.2016): 313–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-09-2014-0079.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Purpose This paper aims to investigate the impact of women on the board of directors on corporate tax avoidance in Australia. Design/methodology/approach The authors use multivariate regression analysis to test the association between the presence of female directors on the board and tax aggressiveness. They also test for self-selection bias in the regression model by using the two-stage Heckman procedure. Findings This paper finds that relative to there being one female board member, high (i.e. greater than one member) female presence on the board of directors reduces the likelihood of tax aggressiveness. The results are robust after controlling for self-selection bias and using several alternative measures of tax aggressiveness. Research limitations/implications This study extends the extant literature on corporate governance and tax aggressiveness. This study is subject to several caveats. First, the sample is restricted to publicly listed Australian firms. Second, this study only examines the issue of women on the board of directors and tax aggressiveness in the context of Australia. Practical implications This research is timely, as there has been increased pressure by government bodies in Australia and globally to develop policies to increase female representation on the board of directors. Originality/value This study is the first to provide empirical evidence concerning the association between the presence of women on the board of directors and tax aggressiveness.
6
Dimovski, William, Luisa Lombardi i Barry Cooper. "Women directors on boards of Australian Real Estate Investment Trusts". Journal of Property Investment & Finance 31, nr 2 (marzec 2013): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635781311302609.
Pełny tekst źródła
7
Nguyen, Hoa, i Robert Faff. "Impact of board size and board diversity on firm value: Australian evidence". Corporate Ownership and Control 4, nr 2 (2007): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv4i2p2.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The aim of this paper is to provide a preliminary analysis of the relationship between firm market value and the size and gender diversity of a board of directors for a sample of publicly listed Australian firms. Our results show that smaller boards appear to be more effective in representing the shareholders as smaller boards are associated with higher firm value. As board size increases firm value declines, however at a decreasing rate suggesting that the relationship between board size and firm value is not strictly linear. Our findings further indicate that gender diversity promotes shareholders’ value as the presence of women directors is associated with higher firm value
8
Strydom, Maria, Hue Hwa Au Yong i Michaela Rankin. "A few good (wo)men? Gender diversity on Australian boards". Australian Journal of Management 42, nr 3 (26.10.2016): 404–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0312896216657579.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This article examines the relation between gender diversity and earnings quality for Australian firms from 2005 to 2013. We draw on the work of Kanter, highlighting the importance of the proportion of women on the board when measuring diversity. We show that all-male and skewed boards have lower earnings quality while that of tilted and balanced boards is higher. In addition, a critical mass of women is achieved when some 30% of directors are females. Performance and risk do not influence the relation. We contribute by presenting evidence supporting critical mass theory. Furthermore, our work adds to the recent debate on whether the association between gender diversity and earnings quality is U-shaped, rather than linear. Our results have implications for regulation and practice. We identify the need for a critical mass of women, rather than tokens, to enhance earnings quality.
9
Westcott, Mark. "Women specialist managers in Australia – Where are we now? Where to next?" Journal of Industrial Relations 63, nr 4 (31.03.2021): 501–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00221856211001913.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Management as an occupation has become increasingly feminised in Australia over the last two decades. This article focuses specifically on specialist managers, answering the question of where we are now in terms of gender equity. It charts the increasing but uneven growth of women’s employment among specialist management occupations. Women remain concentrated into a relatively small number of management specialisations and it is argued that there is a gendering of certain management roles which is reflected in the value attached to these roles. Using data sourced from the Australian Tax Office, the article shows that men earn higher income across all specialist management groups, including those that are highly feminised, and higher salary across all specialisations excepting one – childcare directors. Evidence is presented detailing the relativities between management specialisations, showing a variation between men and women in terms of rank. Women are much less valued in some management specialisations, such as finance. Men are much less valued in others, such as childcare. The article concludes by speculating how greater gender equity can be achieved among specialist managers but observes that ‘management’ and ‘male’ are still tightly connected.
10
Sibson, Ruth. "“I Was Banging My Head Against a Brick Wall”: Exclusionary Power and the Gendering of Sport Organizations". Journal of Sport Management 24, nr 4 (lipiec 2010): 379–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.24.4.379.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The under-representation of women in sport management has increasingly been recognized by government and nongovernment organizations, and there has been some attempt to redress the imbalance. Research has indicated, however, that the gendering of sport organizations is not simply a numbers’ game. The purpose of this study was to analyze the exercise of exclusionary power as an aspect of gender relations within a six member volunteer Board of Directors of an Australian local, grass-roots sport organization. Data were gathered using semistructured interviews, participant observation and documentary evidence over a 15-month period. This study identified that, although numerical underrepresentation of men or women on this Board was not an issue for either sex, exclusionary power was exercised in a number of overlapping ways which ultimately limited the participation, input, and influence of its female members.
11
Sheridan, Alison, Linley Lord i Anne Ross-Smith. "Disrupting board appointments: Australia's governance guidelines and gender capital". Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 40, nr 5 (5.02.2021): 615–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-08-2020-0242.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify how board recruitment processes have been impacted by the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) governance changes requiring listed boards to report annually on their gender diversity policy and profile.Design/methodology/approachEmploying a social constructivist approach, the research analyses interviews conducted with matched samples of board directors and stakeholders in 2010 and 2017 about board recruitment in ASX50 companies.FindingsThe introduction of ASX guidelines requiring gender reporting disrupted traditional board appointment processes. Women's gender capital gained currency, adding an additional dimension to the high levels of human and social capital seen as desirable for board appointments. The politics of women's presence is bringing about changes to the discourse and practice about who should/can be a director. The authors identify highly strategic ways in which women's gender capital has been used to agitate for more women to be appointed to boards.Research limitations/implicationsWhile sample sizes are small, data within the themes cohered meaningfully across the time periods, making visible how women's presence in the board room has been reframed. Future research could consider what this may mean for board dynamics and how enduring are these changes.Practical implicationsThis study highlights the forms that human and social capital take in board appointments, which can be instructive for potential directors, and how these intersect with gender capital. The insights from the study are relevant to board recruitment committees seeking to reflect their commitment to a more gender equitable environment.Originality/valueThere has been a recalibration of men's and women's gender capital in board appointments, and there is now a currency in femaleness disrupting the historical privilege afforded “maleness”.
12
Burgess, Zena, i Barry Fallon. "A longitudinal study of women directors in Australia". Women in Management Review 18, nr 7 (listopad 2003): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420310498984.
Pełny tekst źródła
13
Sultana, Nigar, Steven F. Cahan i Asheq Rahman. "Do Gender Diversity Recommendations in Corporate Governance Codes Matter? Evidence from Audit Committees". AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 39, nr 1 (1.02.2020): 173–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-52560.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
SUMMARY Motivated by two opposing views, the limited supply view and the discrimination view, we examine the impact of gender diversity guidelines on the strength of the association between the presence of female audit committee members and audit quality. The limited supply view predicts that the effect of female audit committee members on audit quality would decrease after the guidelines were issued because they increased the demand for women directors without a commensurate increase in the supply of qualified women directors. The discrimination view predicts this relation would increase after the guidelines were issued since some firms would have abandoned their suboptimal hiring practices that favored men over better qualified women, resulting in higher quality firm-director matches as opportunities for women increase. Consistent with the limited supply view, we find that the positive association between audit committee gender diversity and audit quality weakened after gender diversity guidelines were introduced in Australia. JEL Classifications: G38; M42; M48. Data Availability: Data are available from the databases cited in the text.
14
Mitchell, Julie Anne, Roberta Donovan i Bill Straveski. "PM350 New directions to address heart disease in Australian women". Global Heart 9, nr 1 (marzec 2014): e133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2014.03.1701.
Pełny tekst źródła
15
HAYES, BERNADETTE C., i IAN McALLISTER. "Gender, Party Leaders, and Election Outcomes in Australia, Britain, and the United States". Comparative Political Studies 30, nr 1 (luty 1997): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414097030001001.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Election outcomes are now, more than at any time in the past, determined by voters' assessments of party leaders. However, despite its potential importance, little is known about the differences in how men and women view political leaders. This article uses recent Australian, British, and U.S. survey data to examine gender differences in the evaluations that voters make of party leaders. The results show that there are comparatively few gender differences in the personal qualities that voters rate as important, with the exception of British Labour's Neil Kinnock, who was rated more highly by men, and Bill Clinton, who was rated more highly by women. However, what gender differences in leader evaluations that do exist are mediated by partisanship and views on economic performance. In both Australia and the United States, gender significantly affects the vote, but in opposite directions. The results suggest that gender may have a more important future role in elections in these three countries.
16
Adriaanse, Johanna, i Toni Schofield. "The Impact of Gender Quotas on Gender Equality in Sport Governance". Journal of Sport Management 28, nr 5 (wrzesień 2014): 485–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2013-0108.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A common intervention to address women’s underrepresentation in governance has been the introduction of gender quotas. This study examined the impact of gender quotas on gender equality in governance among boards of National Sport Organizations (NSOs) in Australia. Central to the study was the theoretical concept of a gender regime. Part of a larger study, the research design comprised a comparative case study of five NSOs with data collected mainly through semistructured interviews with directors and CEOs. The findings suggest that a quota of a minimum of three women was a first condition to advance gender equality in governance. It needed to operate, however, in conjunction with other gender dynamics to move toward equal participation by men and women in board decision making. These included women in influential board positions, solidaristic emotional relations between men and women directors, and directors’ adoption of gender equality as an organizational value.
17
Galbreath, Jeremy. "Are there gender-related influences on corporate sustainability? A study of women on boards of directors". Journal of Management & Organization 17, nr 1 (styczeń 2011): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200001693.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractThis study sought to investigate if there is a link between women on boards of directors and corporate sustainability. Using a sample of publicly listed firms from Australia, the results suggest some level of support that a link does exist. Boards that have a strong complement of gender diversity are expected to offer more effective monitoring of agents, as well as offer more stringent enforcement of ethical conduct, thereby minimizing affects of subversion of shareholder funds that can be detrimental to their returns. Accordingly, findings confirm a positive link between women on boards and economic growth. Because of their relational abilities, women on boards are more likely able to engage with multiple stakeholders and respond to their needs, resulting in an avenue for demonstrating social responsiveness, which is confirmed by the results. However, due to their backgrounds and work experiences, sex-based biases and stereotyping might exist in boardrooms with men directors discounting input from women directors on issues relating to environmental quality. The results of this study find that women directors are not significantly associated with environmental quality. Discussion is given to these findings along with paths for future research.
18
Galbreath, Jeremy. "Are there gender-related influences on corporate sustainability? A study of women on boards of directors". Journal of Management & Organization 17, nr 1 (styczeń 2011): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2011.17.1.17.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractThis study sought to investigate if there is a link between women on boards of directors and corporate sustainability. Using a sample of publicly listed firms from Australia, the results suggest some level of support that a link does exist. Boards that have a strong complement of gender diversity are expected to offer more effective monitoring of agents, as well as offer more stringent enforcement of ethical conduct, thereby minimizing affects of subversion of shareholder funds that can be detrimental to their returns. Accordingly, findings confirm a positive link between women on boards and economic growth. Because of their relational abilities, women on boards are more likely able to engage with multiple stakeholders and respond to their needs, resulting in an avenue for demonstrating social responsiveness, which is confirmed by the results. However, due to their backgrounds and work experiences, sex-based biases and stereotyping might exist in boardrooms with men directors discounting input from women directors on issues relating to environmental quality. The results of this study find that women directors are not significantly associated with environmental quality. Discussion is given to these findings along with paths for future research.
19
Temple-Smith, Meredith, Sandra Gifford i Mark StoovÚ. "The lived experience of men and women with hepatitis C: implications for support needs and health information". Australian Health Review 27, nr 2 (2004): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah042720046.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Meredith Temple-Smith is a Senior Research Fellow in the Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University.Sandra Gifford is Professor of Public Health and Director of the Refugee Health Research Centre, La Trobe University.Mark Stoov� is a Lecturer in the School of Health Sciences, Deakin University.Hepatitis C is Australia's most commonly notified infectious disease. Health education and support strategies that are gender-specific are key components of effective management of chronic illness, yet almost no information exists about gender-specific needs of those with hepatitis C. This paper reports on a qualitative study of the experiences of diagnosis, support and discrimination among men and women living with hepatitis C in Melbourne. Content analysis of indepth interviews conducted with 20 women and 12 men revealed gender related differences in relation to symptom recognition, health seeking attitudes and notions of social support, with men tending to dismiss the impact of their illness and their needs for education and support in comparison to women. Results highlight the need to take gender into account when addressing primary health care issues for people living with hepatitis C.
20
Franklin, Adrian, Barbara Barbosa Neves, Nicholas Hookway, Roger Patulny, Bruce Tranter i Katrina Jaworski. "Towards an understanding of loneliness among Australian men: Gender cultures, embodied expression and the social bases of belonging". Journal of Sociology 55, nr 1 (26.05.2018): 124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783318777309.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Recent quantitative investigations consistently single out considerable gender variations in the experience of loneliness in Australia, and in particular how men are especially prone to protracted and serious episodes of loneliness. In 2017 the Director of Lifeline implicated loneliness as a significant factor in suicide among Australian men – currently three times the rate of suicide among women. Compared to women men also struggle to talk about loneliness or seek help from a range of informal and professional sources. We know very little about men’s experience of loneliness or why they are so susceptible to it currently and research is urgently needed in order to design specific interventions for them. To date, psychology has dominated the theoretical research on loneliness but in this article we argue that sociology has a key role to play in broadening out the theoretical terrain of this understanding so as to create culturally informed interventions. Most researchers agree that loneliness occurs when belongingess needs remain unmet, yet it is also acknowledged that such needs are culturally specific and changing. We need to understand how loneliness and gender cultures configure for men; how they are located in different ethnic, class and age cohort cultures as well as the changing social/economic/spatial/public/institutional bases for belonging across Australia. Theoretical enquiry must encompass the broader social structural narratives (Bauman, Giddens and Sennett) and link these to the changing nature of belonging in everyday life – across the public sphere, the domestic sphere, work, in kinship systems, housing and settlement patterns, associational life, in embodied relationships and online.
21
Whitehead, Kay. "Histories of teachers in Australia and New Zealand from the 1970s to the present". History of Education Review 48, nr 2 (26.09.2019): 242–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-06-2019-0020.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Purpose Commencing with publications in the 1970s, the purpose of this paper is to review the historical writing about Australian and New Zealand teachers over the past 50 years. Design/methodology/approach The paper incorporates men and women who led and taught in domestic spaces, per-school, primary, secondary and higher education. It is structured around publications in the ANZHES Journal and History of Education Review, and includes research published in other forums as appropriate. The literature review is selective rather than comprehensive. Findings Since the 1980s, the history of New Zealand and Australian teachers has mostly focussed on women educators in an increasing array of contexts, and incorporated various theoretical perspectives over time. Originality/value The paper highlights key themes and identifies potential directions for research into Australian and New Zealand teachers.
22
Brown, Stephanie J., i Fiona Bruinsma. "Future directions for Victoria's public maternity services: is this "what women want"?" Australian Health Review 30, nr 1 (2006): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah060056.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background: Several state governments are once again reviewing policies for the provision of maternity care. This paper presents findings from a state-wide Victorian survey of recent mothers conducted in 2000 regarding women?s experiences of antenatal care. We also offer some reflections on the way in which results from this and earlier Victorian surveys have been used, somewhat selectively, to support the State Government?s new framework for maternity services, while other issues highlighted in the survey results have been overlooked. Design: Population-based postal survey mailed to Victorian women who gave birth in a 2-week period in September 1999, 5?6 months after childbirth. Results: 42% of women attending a public hospital clinic described their antenatal care as ?very good? compared with 73% of women attending a birth centre, 59% attending private practitioners for antenatal care but receiving public intrapartum care (combined care), 56% attending a midwives clinic, 53% receiving shared care and 84% of women receiving private maternity care. The social characteristics of women enrolling in different models of care do not explain these differences. Immigrant women were much less likely to be happy with their care in pregnancy than Australian- born women, with no improvement in ratings of care over more than a decade.
23
Wrigley-Carr, Robyn. "“Supernatural” Forgiveness". Theology Today 75, nr 4 (styczeń 2019): 458–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040573618810380.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Forgiveness is a complex theological concept and a complicated and nuanced reality. In this article we hear the voices of two women writing from the standpoint of Christian theology. First, Evelyn Underhill, a British, mystical theologian and spiritual director (1875–1941) who was the first woman to lecture in theology at the University of Oxford. In her retreat talks, “Abba,” Underhill teaches that forgiveness is “supernatural,” a reality enabled by the Spirit. Second, Underhill’s insights are “earthed” and critically reflected upon by being placed in dialogue with Monique Lisbon, a contemporary, Australian songwriter and survivor of child sex abuse. Excerpts from Underhill’s spiritual direction further ground and flesh out her spiritual theology concerning forgiveness. The article closes with hope, affirming Underhill’s theology that forgiveness is “supernatural,” yet questions remain concerning the complexity of the forgiveness journey for victims of the most heinous of crimes.
24
Ahmed, Ammad, Chew Ng i Deborah Delaney. "Women on corporate boards and the incidence of receiving a ‘strike’ on the remuneration report". Corporate Ownership and Control 12, nr 4 (2015): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i4c2p2.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper examines the effect of one form of board diversity on the incidence of receiving a ‘strike’ (i.e., receiving 25 percent or more ‘no’ votes) on the remuneration report by ASX companies in Australia. More specifically, the research hypothesises that there is a negative association between women presence on corporate boards and the likelihood of receiving a ‘strike’ on remuneration reports. Using the Financial Review Business Intelligence’s remuneration report voting database, this study constructs a matched-pair sample of 314 strike firms and 314 control firms from 2011 to 2013. After controlling for other ‘strike’ related factors, the results suggest a significant association between the presence of at least one woman on the board and a lower incidence of receiving a ‘strike’. This finding contributes to the research by showing that the presence of female directors is likely to enhance the monitoring function of the board and thus lower the likelihood of receiving a ‘strike’ on the remuneration report.
25
Askew, Kelly. "Elizabeth Tadic, director. Umoja: No Men Allowed.2010. 32 minutes. Australia/Kenya. Women Make Movies. $250.00." African Studies Review 57, nr 3 (grudzień 2014): 271–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2014.134.
Pełny tekst źródła
26
Gregory, Sheree, i Cathy Brigden. "Gendered scenes: conceptualising the negotiation of paid work and child care among performers in film, television and theatre production". Media International Australia 163, nr 1 (6.02.2017): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16689146.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The pervasiveness of gender inequality in the media and entertainment industry has become an issue of growing public interest, debate and agitation. Whether it is the gender pay gap, the ongoing presence of the casting couch, the absence of women film directors, the experiences for women and men are strikingly different. Drawing on the findings of a case study of how performers manage care and precarious paid work in film, television and theatre production in Australia, this article provides a context in which work and care regimes can be analysed. Individualised negotiations with agents and producers are buttressed by individualised arrangements with family and extended networks to accommodate complex and changing needs. Despite high unionisation among performers, the key finding is that the overwhelming tendency was to deal with issues individually or as a couple, without reference to the union or through collective avenues.
27
Musolino, Connie, Megan Warin i Peter Gilchrist. "Positioning relapse and recovery through a cultural lens of desire: A South Australian case study of disordered eating". Transcultural Psychiatry 55, nr 4 (31.05.2018): 534–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461518778669.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This article explores how desire operates in the daily lives of women with disordered eating. Based on qualitative findings from a South Australian study investigating why women with disordered eating are reluctant to seek help, we trace the multiple “tipping points” and triggers that are central to participants’ everyday experiences. Employing anthropological interpretations of desire, we argue that triggers are circulations of productive desire, informed by cultural values and social relations, and embodied in routine daily acts. We examine the cultural-work of desire and the ways in which gendered relationships with food, eating and bodies trigger desires, creating a constant back and forth movement propelling participants in multiple directions. In conclusion, we suggest that a socio-cultural approach to desire in disordered eating has clinical implications, as cultural configurations of desire may help to understand ambivalence towards relapse and recovery.
28
Law, Yin Jun, Ning Zhang, Christos A. Venetis, Georgina M. Chambers i Katie Harris. "The number of oocytes associated with maximum cumulative live birth rates per aspiration depends on female age: a population study of 221 221 treatment cycles". Human Reproduction 34, nr 9 (9.08.2019): 1778–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dez100.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract STUDY QUESTION What is the number of oocytes where the maximum cumulative live birth rate per aspiration (CLBR) is observed during ART in women of different ages? SUMMARY ANSWER The maximum CLBR was observed when around 25 oocytes were retrieved in women between 18–35 years of age, around 9 oocytes in women more than 45 years of age and continued to increase beyond 30 oocytes in women between 36–44 years of age. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The live birth rate per fresh or frozen/thaw embryo transfer (FET) procedure has traditionally been the main measure of ART success. However, with the introduction of highly efficient embryo cryopreservation methods, CLBR encompassing live delivery outcomes from the fresh and all subsequent FET following a single ovarian stimulation and oocyte collection is increasingly viewed as a more meaningful measure of treatment success. There is evidence suggesting that larger oocyte yields are associated with increased likelihood of cumulative live birth per aspiration. Whether this association is the same across female ages has not yet been properly investigated. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is a large retrospective population-based cohort study using data from the Australian and New Zealand Assisted Reproduction Database (ANZARD). ANZARD contains information from all ART treatment cycles carried out in all fertility centres in Australia and New Zealand. Overall, 221 221 autologous oocyte aspiration cycles carried out between January 2009 to December 2015 were included in the analysis. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Cumulative live birth per aspiration was defined as at least one liveborn baby at ≥20 weeks gestation resulting from an ART aspiration cycle, including all fresh and FET resulting from the associated ovarian stimulation, until one live birth occurred or all embryos were used. Cycles where no oocytes were retrieved were excluded from analysis as there is no possibility of live birth. Analyses of data were performed using generalized estimating equations to account for the clustered nature of data (multiple cycles undertaken by a woman). Univariate and multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify and adjust for factors known to independently affect cumulative live birth per aspiration. An interaction term between female age and the number of oocytes retrieved was included to assess whether the age of the women was associated with a different optimal number of oocytes to achieve at least one live birth from an aspiration cycle (i.e. the effect-modifying role of female age). The likelihood of cumulative live birth per aspiration was calculated as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The median number of oocytes retrieved was 7 (interquartile range, 4–12) and median age of patients was 36 (interquartile range, 33–40). The overall CLBR was 32.2%. The results from the multivariable regression analysis showed that the number of oocytes retrieved remained a significant predictor (P < 0.001) of cumulative live birth per aspiration after adjusting for female age, parity and cycle count. Compared to the reference group of 10–14 oocytes retrieved, the adjusted odds for cumulative live birth per aspiration increased with the number of oocytes retrieved: 1–3 oocytes, 0.21 (95% CI, 0.20–0.22); 4–9 oocytes, 0.56 (95% CI, 0.55–0.58); 15–19 oocytes, 1.38 (95% CI, 1.34–1.43); 20–24 oocytes, 1.75 (95% CI, 1.67–1.84); and 2.10 (95% CI, 1.96–2.25) with more than 25 oocytes. After stratifying by female age group, the rate of increase in CLBR per additional oocyte retrieved was lower in the older age groups, indicating that higher oocyte yields were more beneficial in younger women. CLBR of patients in the <30 years and 30–34 years age groups appeared to reach a plateau (with only minimal increase in CLBR per additional oocyte retrieved) after retrieval of 25 oocytes at 73% and 72%, respectively, while CLBR of patients in the 35–39 years and 40–44 years age groups continued to increase with higher oocyte yields, reaching 68% and 40%, respectively, when 30 or more oocytes were retrieved. CLBR of patients aged 45 years and above remained consistently below 5%. Findings suggest that the number of oocytes retrieved where CLBR appears to be maximized is around 25 in women between 18–35 years, more than 30 in women between 36–44 years and around 9 in women 45 years and older. However, results for women aged 45 years and older may not be as robust due to the relatively small sample size available in this age group. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION As with all large retrospective database studies, there are potential confounders that cannot be accounted for. Despite the current study being based on complete ascertainment of ART cycles across two countries, ovarian stimulation protocols, oocyte quality parameters and a number of important patient characteristics are not collected by ANZARD. Additionally, a small number of cycles were available for women over 45 years yielding more than 15 oocytes, making these estimates unreliable. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results from this study demonstrate that the number of oocytes retrieved where the maximum CLBR is observed during ART is dependent on female age. This provides information for clinicians and patients to understand the modifying effect of age on the number of oocytes retrieved and the likelihood of success with ART. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No external funding was used for this study. The Fertility Society of Australia funds the National Perinatal Epidemiology and Statistics Unit to manage ANZARD and conduct national reporting of ART in Australia and New Zealand. Associate Professor Georgina Chambers (G.C.) is employed by the University of New South Wales (UNSW) and is director of the National Perinatal Epidemiology and Statistics Unit at UNSW. G.C. was also a paid member of the Australian governments Medicare Benefits Scheme taskforce on assisted reproductive technologies in 2017.
29
Chambers, Georgina M., Christopher Harrison, James Raymer, Ann Kristin Petersen Raymer, Helena Britt, Michael Chapman, William Ledger i Robert J. Norman. "Infertility management in women and men attending primary care—patient characteristics, management actions and referrals". Human Reproduction 34, nr 11 (1.11.2019): 2173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dez172.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract STUDY QUESTION How did general practitioners (GPs) (family physicians) manage infertility in females and males in primary care between 2000 and 2016? SUMMARY ANSWER The number of GP infertility consultations for females increased 1.6 folds during the study period, with 42.9% of consultations resulting in a referral to a fertility clinic or specialist, compared to a 3-fold increase in the number of consultations for men, with 21.5% of consultations resulting in a referral. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Infertility affects one in six couples and is expected to increase with the trend to later childbearing and reports of declining sperm counts. Despite GPs often being the first contact for infertile people, very limited information is available on the management of infertility in primary care. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Data from the Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health programme were used, which is a national study of Australian primary care (general practice) clinical activity based on 1000 ever-changing, randomly selected GPs involved in 100 000 GP–patient consultations per year between 2000 and 2016. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Females and males aged 18–49 years attending GPs for the management of infertility were included in the study. Details recorded by GPs included patient characteristics, problems managed and management actions (including counselling/education, imaging, pathology, medications and referrals to specialists and fertility clinics). Analyses included trends in the rates of infertility consultations by sex of patient, descriptive and univariate analyses of patient characteristics and management actions and multivariate logistic regression to determine which patient and GP characteristics were independently associated with increased rates of infertility management and referrals. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The rate of infertility consultations per capita increased 1.6 folds for women (17.7–28.3 per 1000 women aged 18–49 years) and 3 folds for men over the time period (3.4–10.2 per 1000 men aged 18–49 years). Referral to a fertility clinic or relevant specialist occurred in 42.9% of female infertility consultations and 21.5% of male infertility consultations. After controlling for age and other patient characteristics, being aged in their 30s, not having income assistance, attending primary care in later years of the study and coming from a non-English-speaking background, were associated with an increased likelihood of infertility being managed in primary care. In female patients, holding a Commonwealth concession card (indicating low income), living in a remote area and having a female GP all indicated a lower adjusted odds of referral to a fertility clinic or specialist. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Data are lacking for the period of infertility and infertility diagnosis, which would provide a more complete picture of the epidemiology of treatment-seeking behaviour for infertility. Australia’s universal insurance scheme provides residents with access to a GP, and therefore these findings may not be generalizable to other settings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study informs public policy on how infertility is managed in primary care in different patient groups. Whether the management actions taken and rates of secondary referral to a fertility clinic or specialist are appropriate warrants further investigation. The development of clinical practice guidelines for the management of infertility would provide a standardized approach to advice, investigations, treatment and referral pathways in primary care. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This paper is part of a study being funded by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council project grant APP1104543. G.C. reports that she is an employee of The University of New South Wales (UNSW) and Director of the National Perinatal Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (NPESU), UNSW. The NPESU manages the Australian and New Zealand Assisted Reproductive Technology Database on behalf of the Fertility Society of Australia. W.L. reports being a part-time paid employee and minor shareholder of Virtus Health, a fertility company. R.N. reports being a small unitholder in a fertility company, receiving grants for research from Merck and Ferring and speaker travel grants from Merck. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NA
30
Lo, Patrick, Bradley Allard, Hermina G. B. Anghelescu, Yawei Xin, Dickson K. W. Chiu i Andrew J. Stark. "Transformational leadership practice in the world’s leading academic libraries". Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 52, nr 4 (12.01.2020): 972–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961000619897991.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This article analyzes 12 semi-structured interviews within the framework of transformational leadership, using a set of open-ended questions addressed to 12 directors (six men and six women) of academic libraries in high-ranking universities in four different countries (Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America). It also investigates the interviewees’ approach to managing and leading their library organizations within the context of the opportunities and challenges facing their organizations as well as their parent institutions. The interpretation of the participants’ responses is based on the four ‘I’s, the four dimensions of the concept of transformational leadership: (1) Idealized influence, (2) Inspirational motivation, (3) Intellectual stimulation, and (4) Individualized consideration. The findings indicated that academic library directors who chose to implement transformational leadership noted its significance as a major contributing factor to the enhancement of inner communication and building mutual trust, and respect within the library organization. This, in turn, has fostered a motivated and creative work environment that has ensured personal and collective success and institutional advancement. Transformational leadership contributes to promoting sustained organizational performance based on adaptability to the rapidly changing environment of academic libraries worldwide.
31
Taflaga, Marija, i Matthew Kerby. "Who Does What Work in a Ministerial Office: Politically Appointed Staff and the Descriptive Representation of Women in Australian Political Offices, 1979–2010". Political Studies 68, nr 2 (19.06.2019): 463–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321719853459.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Women are underrepresented within political institutions, which can (negatively) impact policy outcomes. We examine women’s descriptive representation as politically appointed staff within ministerial offices. Politically appointed staff are now institutionalised into the policy process, so who they are is important. To date, collecting systematic data on political staff has proved impossible. However, for the first time we demonstrate how to build a systematic data set of this previously unobservable population. We use Australian Ministerial Directories (telephone records) from 1979 to 2010 (a method that can notionally be replicated in advanced democratic jurisdictions), to examine political advising careers in a similar manner as elected political elites. We find that work in political offices is divided on gender lines: men undertake more policy work, begin and end their careers in higher status roles and experience greater career progression than women. We find evidence that this negatively impacts women’s representation and their later career paths into parliament.
32
Hocking, Jane S., Jessika Willis, Sepehr Tabrizi, Christopher K. Fairley, Suzanne M. Garland i Margaret Hellard. "A chlamydia prevalence survey of young women living in Melbourne, Victoria". Sexual Health 3, nr 4 (2006): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh06033.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background: To estimate the population-based chlamydia prevalence among women aged 18 to 35 years living in Melbourne, Victoria, and to assess the feasibility of using mailed urine specimens to test women. Methods: A simple random sample of 11 001 households in Melbourne was selected from the telephone directory. Participants completed telephone interviews and provided urine specimens through the mail for chlamydia testing. Urines were tested using polymerase chain reaction. Results: 11 001 households were contacted, with 1532 households identified as including eligible women; telephone interviews were completed, with 979 women giving a response rate of 64%. Six hundred and fifty-seven women provided a urine specimen with a response rate of 43%. Among sexually active women aged 18–24 years, the chlamydia prevalence was 3.7% (95% CI: 1.2%, 8.4%) and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.0%, 1.1%) among 25–35 year olds. Chlamydia prevalence increased significantly with an increasing number of male sexual partners. Conclusions: This is the first study of its kind in Australia and shows that chlamydia prevalence increases with an increasing number of male sexual partners in the last 12 months. Mailed urine specimens are feasible for conducting population-based chlamydia-prevalence surveys but it is difficult to obtain high response rates with this methodology. Public health resources should now be directed towards investigating how to reach young women at increased risk of infection, ensuring that they are tested for chlamydia.
33
Leung, J., C. Gartner, W. Hall, J. Lucke i A. Dobson. "A longitudinal study of the bi-directional relationship between tobacco smoking and psychological distress in a community sample of young Australian women". Psychological Medicine 42, nr 6 (19.10.2011): 1273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711002261.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
BackgroundTobacco smoking and poor mental health are both prevalent and detrimental health problems in young women. The temporal relationship between the two variables is unclear. We investigated the prospective bi-directional relationship between smoking and mental health over 13 years.MethodParticipants were a randomly selected community sample of 10 012 young women with no experience of pregnancy, aged 18–23 years at baseline (1996) from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Follow-up surveys over 13 years were completed in 2000, 2003, 2006 and 2009, allowing for five waves of data. Measures included self-reported smoking and mental health measured by the Mental Health Index from the 36-item short-form health questionnaire and the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Sociodemographic control variables included marital status, education level and employment status.ResultsA strong cross-sectional dose–response relationship between smoking and poor mental health was found at each wave [odds ratio (OR) 1.41, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.17–1.70 to OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.82–2.81]. Longitudinal results showed that women who smoked had 1.21 (95% CI 1.06–1.39) to 1.62 (95% CI 1.24–2.11) times higher odds of having poor mental health at subsequent waves. Women with poor mental health had 1.12 (95% CI 1.17–1.20) to 2.11 (95% CI 1.68–2.65) times higher odds of smoking at subsequent waves. These results held after adjusting for mental health history and smoking history and sociodemographic factors. Correlation analysis and structural equation modelling results were consistent in showing that both directions of the relationship were statistically significant.ConclusionsThe association between poor mental health and smoking in young women appeared to be bi-directional.
34
Trethewey, Lynne. "‘Either You Have Misunderstood the Directions, or You are Not Playing the Game’. South Australian Women in Educational Administration 1900–1960". Journal of Educational Administration and History 38, nr 1 (kwiecień 2006): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220620600552318.
Pełny tekst źródła
35
Mayeda, Elizabeth Rose. "Invited Commentary: Examining Sex/Gender Differences in Risk of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias—Challenges and Future Directions". American Journal of Epidemiology 188, nr 7 (2.03.2019): 1224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz047.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract The majority of people living with Alzheimer disease (AD) and related dementias are women. Longer life expectancy is one factor thought to contribute to this observation, but possible sex-specific biological mechanisms have received considerable attention from the research community. In the current issue of the Journal, Buckley et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2019;188(7):1213–1223) use death certificate information on all deaths occurring among adults aged ≥60 years in Australia between 2006 and 2014 to evaluate sex/gender differences in rates of death with dementia (all types), AD dementia, and vascular dementia listed on the death certificate. The paper by Buckley et al. highlights several important methodological challenges for research examining sex/gender differences in risk of AD and related dementias, including challenges in measurement, survival bias and competing risks, and selection bias arising from sample selection. The current evidence on possible sex-specific biological risk factors for AD is intriguing, but there are numerous alternative explanations for differences in AD dementia and AD biomarkers between women and men. Triangulation of evidence from study designs with different strengths and weaknesses and transdisciplinary collaboration will be vital to generating conclusive evidence about sex/gender differences in risk of AD and related dementias.
36
Ogilvie, Madeleine, i Katherine Mizerski. "Using Semiotics in Consumer Research to Understand Everyday Phenomena". International Journal of Market Research 53, nr 5 (wrzesień 2011): 651–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2501/ijmr-53-5-651-668.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper introduces a new method of studying consumer phenomena by combining two different semiotic philosophies. Using cosmetics as the vehicle to demonstrate the technique, this study explores the semiotics of visible face makeup in Australian Caucasian women. It aims to understand why women wear makeup and how they experience the signs of make-up and appearance in everyday life. The study comprises two phases. The initial phase adopts a communication model extended from Saussurean semiotics, while the second employs a triadic semiotic philosophy as proposed by Charles Sanders Peirce. Results indicate that, by combining the two semiotic perspectives within one study, the researcher is able to gain greater insights about the consumption behaviours of individuals from a communication as well as an experiential perspective. For marketers, this greater understanding of how the consumer interacts and experiences brands and products allows for more strategic and focused communication with their target market. In addition, this approach provides useful information about symbolic consumption, so trends and new directions in cultural paradigms can also be predicted. An example of this is shown in Figure 2.
37
Brigden, Cathy, i Lisa Milner. "Radical Theatre Mobility: Unity Theatre, UK, and the New Theatre, Australia". New Theatre Quarterly 31, nr 4 (9.10.2015): 328–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x15000688.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
For two radical theatres formed in the 1930s, taking performances to their audiences was an important dimension of commitment to working-class politics and civic engagement. Separated by distance but joined ideologically, the New Theatre in Australia and Unity Theatre in the United Kingdom engaged in what they described as ‘mobile work’, as well as being ‘stage curtain’ companies. Based on archival research and drawing on mobility literature, Cathy Brigden and Lisa Milner examine in this article the rationale for mobile work, the range of spaces that were used both indoor (workplaces, halls, private homes) and outdoor (parks, street corners beaches), and its decline. Emerging from this analysis are parallels between the two theatres’ motivation for mobile work, their practice in these diverse performance spaces, and the factors leading to the decline. Cathy Brigden is an associate professor in the School of Management and Deputy Director, Centre for Sustainable Organizations and Work at RMIT University, Australia. Her current research interests include the historical experiences of women in trade unions, gender in performing arts industries, and union strategies and regulation. Lisa Milner is a lecturer in the School of Arts and Social Sciences at Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia. Current research interests include a comparative study of workers’ theatre, representations of workers and trade unions on screen, and labour biography.
38
Pouyanfard, Somayeh, i Martin Müller. "Human papillomavirus first and second generation vaccines–current status and future directions". Biological Chemistry 398, nr 8 (26.07.2017): 871–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2017-0105.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract It has been more than 10 years that the first prophylactic papillomavirus vaccine became available, although distribution has been mainly limited to the more affluent countries. The first two vaccines have been a great success, hundreds of millions of women and a much smaller number of men have been vaccinated ever since. In a few countries with high vaccination coverage, in particular Australia but also parts of Great Britain and others, clinical impact of vaccination programs is already visible and there are indications for herd immunity as well. Vaccine efficacy is higher than originally estimated and the vaccines have an excellent safety profile. Gardasil9 is a second generation HPV virus-like particle vaccine that was licensed in 2015 and there are more to come in the near future. Currently, burning questions in respect to HPV vaccination are the duration of protection – especially in regard to cross-protection – reduction of the three-dose regimen and its impact on cross-protection; and duration of response, as well as protection against oropharyngeal HPV infections. Furthermore, researchers are seeking to overcome limitations of the VLP vaccines, namely low thermal stability, cost, invasive administration, limited coverage of non-vaccine HPV types, and lack of therapeutic efficacy. In this review we summarize the current status of licensed VLP vaccines and address questions related to second and third generation HPV vaccines.
39
O'Shannassy, Tim. "Board and CEO practice in modem strategy-making: How is strategy developed, who is the boss and in what circumstances?" Journal of Management & Organization 16, nr 2 (maj 2010): 280–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200002182.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractThe interplay of the board of directors (BOD) and the chief executive officer (CEO) in strategy-making has been the subject of some debate in the literature. Some experts argue the BOD should take a strong role in strategy-making while the alternative point of view is that the CEO is the key man or woman. In a qualitative study with 16 interviews of leading Australian industry figures, the CEO is found to be the key player in modern strategy-making. The findings identify how the BOD, individual directors and the CEO can combine to add value to the organization, in particular how these organization members can team up and interact to achieve a faster, more flexible strategy cycle. The modern organization focus needs to be on giving more emphasis to the empowerment, interaction and creativity of the CEO and top management team. The BOD should focus on questioning, criticizing, refining and enabling the strategy proposed by the professional managers. However, the study indicates these findings are subject to exception and variation in relation to factors including specialist knowledge, track record of performance, personality attributes, personal power, and political and influencing skills. The major focus of attention of the BOD and CEO is the strategic-thinking related activities in strategy-making. Strategic planning still has an important role in formalizing strategy content, usually in a regular cycle.
40
O'Shannassy, Tim. "Board and CEO practice in modem strategy-making: How is strategy developed, who is the boss and in what circumstances?" Journal of Management & Organization 16, nr 2 (maj 2010): 280–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.16.2.280.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractThe interplay of the board of directors (BOD) and the chief executive officer (CEO) in strategy-making has been the subject of some debate in the literature. Some experts argue the BOD should take a strong role in strategy-making while the alternative point of view is that the CEO is the key man or woman. In a qualitative study with 16 interviews of leading Australian industry figures, the CEO is found to be the key player in modern strategy-making. The findings identify how the BOD, individual directors and the CEO can combine to add value to the organization, in particular how these organization members can team up and interact to achieve a faster, more flexible strategy cycle. The modern organization focus needs to be on giving more emphasis to the empowerment, interaction and creativity of the CEO and top management team. The BOD should focus on questioning, criticizing, refining and enabling the strategy proposed by the professional managers. However, the study indicates these findings are subject to exception and variation in relation to factors including specialist knowledge, track record of performance, personality attributes, personal power, and political and influencing skills. The major focus of attention of the BOD and CEO is the strategic-thinking related activities in strategy-making. Strategic planning still has an important role in formalizing strategy content, usually in a regular cycle.
41
Asiedu-Danso, Michelle, Irene A. Kretchy, Jeremiah Kobby Sekyi i Augustina Koduah. "Adherence to Antidiabetic Medications among Women with Gestational Diabetes". Journal of Diabetes Research 2021 (6.08.2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9941538.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background. Optimal adherence to prescribed medications in women with gestational diabetes is relevant for perinatal outcomes. Objective. To summarize available information on the prevalence and factors contributing to medication adherence in women with gestational diabetes from the biological and psychosocial perspectives. Methods. A literature search on adherence in gestational diabetes was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Directory of Open Access Journals for studies published on the topic. The Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews was used to explore and summarize the evidence. Results. A total of 2395 studies were retrieved of which 13 fully met the eligibility criteria. The studies were reported in Zimbabwe ( n = 5 ), Iran ( n = 1 ), Mexico ( n = 1 ), South India ( n = 1 ), the United States of America ( n = 4 ), and one multinational study covering Australia, Europe, North and South America. The main types of antidiabetic medications used were insulin ( n = 6 ), metformin ( n = 4 ), and glyburide ( n = 2 ). The prevalence of adherence ranged from 35.6% to 97%, with the assessment tool being self-report measures ( n = 8 ). The main factors associated with nonadherence included worsening pregnancy symptoms, side effects of medications, perceived risks, mental health symptoms, poor social support, and socioeconomic status. Recommendations that evolved from the studies to improve adherence included education, counselling, improved support networks, and social interventions, while the main reported interventional study employed continuous education on the impact of adherence on perinatal outcomes. Conclusion. Medication nonadherence in gestational diabetes seems to be influenced by multiple factors with some educational interventions positively impacting adherence behaviours. Thus, future research in women with gestational diabetes could consider interventions from a multifactorial perspective to improve therapeutic outcomes.
42
Cohen, I. Glenn, Eli Y. Adashi, Sara Gerke, César Palacios-González i Vardit Ravitsky. "The Regulation of Mitochondrial Replacement Techniques Around the World". Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 21, nr 1 (31.08.2020): 565–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-111119-101815.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs, also referred to as mitochondrial replacement therapies) have given hope to many women who wish to have genetically related children but have mitochondrial DNA mutations in their eggs. MRTs have also spurred deep ethical disagreements and led to different regulatory approaches worldwide. In this review, we discuss the current regulation of MRTs across several countries. After discussing the basics of the science, we describe the current law and policy directions in seven countries: the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Germany, Israel, and Singapore. We also discuss the emerging phenomenon of medical tourism (also called medical travel) for MRTs to places like Greece, Spain, Mexico, and Ukraine. We then pull out some key findings regarding similarities and differences in regulatory approaches around the world.
43
Bartels, Lorana, i Patricia Easteal. "Women prisoners’ sexual victimisation: ongoing vulnerabilities and possible responses". Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 2, nr 3 (19.09.2016): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-06-2015-0020.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the incidence and impact of exposure to sexual victimisation for women in the criminal justice system. Key ongoing vulnerabilities in respect of mental health and substance abuse, and their contribution to women’s offending, are examined. Treatment responses to address these women’s trauma in custodial settings are then discussed. It is argued that a therapeutic approach is required to provide a holistic response to victimised women offenders. Unfortunately, instead of doing so, many prisons’ ethos and approaches may actually produce a further layer of vulnerability. The paper concludes with commentary on future directions for research and practice. Design/methodology/approach The researchers undertook a desk-based literature review, using search terms such as “women”, “corrections”, “sexual abuse and/or victimisation” and “trauma”. The literature was analysed through a feminist framework, adopting a vulnerability paradigm. Findings The paper analyses the incidence and impact of sexual victimisation on women prisoners and notes that comprehensive trauma-informed care in custodial settings is needed but highly problematic within a prison context. Research limitations/implications The researchers focused primarily on Australia, and the conclusions may therefore be of more limited relevance to imprisoned women in other countries. Practical implications The paper suggests good practice requirements for delivering trauma-informed care to victimised women prisoners. Non-custodial alternatives to imprisonment are likely to be more sensitive to many female offenders’ layers of vulnerability. Originality/value This paper highlights the relationship between women offenders’ sexual victimisation histories, substance abuse, mental illness and offending behaviour, and demonstrates the need for and challenges in delivering trauma-informed care. The originality derives from the examination of the three rules of abuse (and prisons) and how they correlate with multiple vulnerabilities, which leads to the conclusion that prison is not the best place for rehabilitation of most women.
44
Richardson, Paul G., Andrew Spencer, Paul Cannell, Simon J. Harrison, Laurence Catley, Craig Underhill, Todd M. Zimmerman i in. "Phase 1 Clinical Evaluation of Twice-Weekly Marizomib (NPI-0052), a Novel Proteasome Inhibitor, in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (MM)". Blood 118, nr 21 (18.11.2011): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.302.302.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Abstract 302 Background: Marizomib has a novel, non-peptide based, bicyclic structure and compared to other proteasome inhibitors, unique properties of clinical relevance. Specifically, marizomib produces rapid, broad and prolonged inhibition of all 3 20S proteasome catalytic activities, and markedly different safety and efficacy profiles, including activity against MM resistant to bortezomib (BZ) both in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: Marizomib was given IV over 1–120 minutes on days 1, 4, 8 and 11 of 21-day cycles in 2 separate and parallel dose escalation studies performed in Australia and the United States in patients with relapsed and refractory MM. In addition to standard safety and efficacy monitoring, pharmacokinetics (PK) and proteasome inhibition as part of pharmacodynamics (PD) were assessed. Dexamethasone (20 mg) was given the day prior to and day of treatment in one study and could be added for patients who did not achieve a minimal response (MR) or better after 2 cycles in the other study. Toxicity evaluation was performed using CTCAE v3.0 and response was assessed by modified European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) and Uniform Criteria (UC). Results: 34 patients (16 men and 18 women) have been treated at doses of 0.075 to 0.6 mg/m2/dose BIW with a median age of 62.5 years, in both studies. Patients received a median of 6 prior regimens; 30 patients (88%) had been exposed to prior BZ, including 24 (71%) who were BZ -refractory. The maximum tolerated dose of marizomib was found to be 0.4 mg/m2 over a 60 minute infusion time and 0.5 mg/m2 over a 120 minute infusion. Dose limiting toxicities included transient hallucinations, cognitive changes and loss of balance, all of which proved reversible. The most common drug-related adverse events were fatigue, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, diarrhea, constipation, insomnia, anorexia, and dyspnea, which proved manageable with supportive care and/or dose reduction. Importantly, marizomib did not appear to induce myelosuppression, peripheral neuropathy (PN) or thrombocytopenia. PK analysis demonstrated a rapid elimination half-life (< 20 minutes) and large volume of distribution, with PD analyses of packed whole blood (PWB) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) confirming dose dependent proteasome inhibition. At interim analysis, of 22 patients with evaluable disease for best response to marizomib +/− dexamethasone, 3 had achieved partial response (PR) by EBMT/UC (14%). In the active dose range of 0.4–0.6 mg/m2, 15 pts were evaluable with PR in 3 pts (20%), all of whom were refractory to prior BZ. Median time on treatment was 1.5 months, with stable disease or better documented in 16 pts (73%). Conclusions: The safety profile of marizomib clearly differs from BZ, without significant treatment–emergent PN or myelosuppression described. Preliminary results suggest anti-myeloma activity, with responses seen in patients in whom BZ had previously failed, as well as interesting PK/PD characteristics and tissue distribution supporting a possible role in patients with different disease characteristics (such as extramedullary spread). The efficacy and safety of 0.5 mg/m2 of marizomib given twice weekly, alone or with low dose dexamethasone, warrants further study, and continues to be investigated. Future directions will include combination approaches with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. Disclosures: Richardson: Bristol Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Johnson & Johnson: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Millennium: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Cannell:Nereus Pharmaceuticals: Investigator. Harrison:Nereus Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding. Jakubowiak:Ortho Biotech: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Millennium Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Onyx Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Exelixis: Consultancy, Honoraria. Palladino:Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. Longenecker:Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. Lay:Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. Lloyd:Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. Hannah:Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy. Reich:Nereus Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy. Spear:Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. Anderson:Onyx: Consultancy; Merck: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Acetylon: Founder; Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Consultancy; Millennium: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy.
45
Paul, Repon C., Oisin Fitzgerald, Devora Lieberman, Christos Venetis i Georgina M. Chambers. "Cumulative live birth rates for women returning to ART treatment for a second ART-conceived child". Human Reproduction 35, nr 6 (8.05.2020): 1432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa030.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract STUDY QUESTION What are the success rates for women returning to ART treatment in the hope of having a second ART-conceived child. SUMMARY ANSWER The cumulative live birth rate (LBR) for women returning to ART treatment was between 50.5% and 88.1% after six cycles depending on whether women commenced with a previously frozen embryo or a new ovarian stimulation cycle and the assumptions made regarding the success rates for women who dropped-out of treatment. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Previous studies have reported the cumulative LBR for the first ART-conceived child to inform patients about their chances of success. However, most couples plan to have more than one child to complete their family and, for that reason, patients commonly return to ART treatment after the birth of their first ART-conceived child. To our knowledge, there are no published data to facilitate patient counseling and clinical decision-making regarding the success rates for these patients. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A population-based cohort study with 35 290 women who commenced autologous (using their own oocytes) ART treatment between January 2009 and December 2013 and achieved their first treatment-dependent live birth from treatment performed during this period. These women were then followed up for a further 2 years of treatment to December 2015, providing a minimum of 2 years and a maximum of 7 years of treatment follow-up. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Cycle-specific LBR and cumulative LBR were calculated for up to six complete ART cycles (one ovarian stimulation and all associated transfers). Three cumulative LBR were calculated based on the likelihood of success in women who dropped-out of treatment (conservative, optimal and inverse probability-weighted (IPW)). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to predict the chance of returning to ART treatment for a second ART-conceived child, and a discrete time logistic regression model was used to predict the chance of achieving a second ART-conceived child up to a maximum of six complete cycles. The models were adjusted for patient characteristics and previous and current treatment characteristics. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Among the women who had their first ART-conceived live birth, 15 325 (43%) returned to treatment by December 2015. LBRs were consistently better in women who recommenced treatment with a previously frozen embryo, compared to women who underwent a new ovarian stimulation cycle. After six complete cycles, plus any surplus frozen embryos, the cumulative LBR was between 60.9% (95% CI: 60.0–61.8%) (conservative) and 88.1% (95% CI: 86.7–89.5%) (optimal) [IPW 87.2% (95% CI: 86.2–88.2%)] for women who recommenced treatment with a frozen embryo, compared to between 50.5% (95% CI: 49.0–52.0%) and 69.8% (95% CI: 67.5–72.2%) [IPW 68.1% (95% CI: 67.3–68.9%)] for those who underwent a new ovarian stimulation cycle. The adjusted odds of a second ART-conceived live birth decreased for women ≥35 years, who waited at least 3 years before returning to treatment, or who required a higher number of ovarian stimulation cycles or double embryo transfer to achieve their first child. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our estimates do not fully account for a number of individual prognostic factors, including duration of infertility, BMI and ovarian reserve. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first study to report success rates for women returning to ART treatment to have second ART-conceived child. These age-specific success rates can facilitate individualized counseling for the large number of patients hoping to have a second child using ART treatment. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No funding was received to undertake this study. R. Paul and O. Fitzgerald have nothing to declare. D. Lieberman reports being a fertility specialist and receiving non-financial support from MSD and Merck outside the submitted work. C. Venetis reports being a fertility specialist and receiving personal fees and non-financial support from MSD, personal fees and non-financial support from Merck Serono and Beisins and non-financial support from Ferring outside the submitted work. G.M. Chambers reports being a paid employee of the University of New South Wales, Sydney (UNSW) and Director of the National Perinatal Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (NPESU), UNSW. The Fertility Society of Australia (FSA) contracts UNSW to prepare the Australian and New Zealand Assisted Reproductive Technology Database (ANZARD) annual report series and benchmarking reports. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NA.
46
Huebner, Marianne, Wenjuan Ma i Thomas Rieger. "Weightlifting during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Transnational Study Regarding Motivation, Barriers, and Coping of Master Athletes". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 17 (4.09.2021): 9343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179343.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Sport has been heavily impacted by the pandemic for over a year with restrictions and closures of facilities. The main aims of this study are to identify motivation and barriers for an international group of Master weightlifters (ages 35 and up) and analyze age and gender differences in pandemic-related changes to physical activities. A sample of 1051 older athletes, 523 women and 528 men, aged from 35 to 88 years, from Australia, Canada, Europe, and the USA provided responses to an online survey conducted in June 2021. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine age, gender, and regional differences about motivation, barriers, and pandemic impact on sport and physical activities. Participants showed enthusiasm for the opportunity to compete despite health challenges with increasing age but faced barriers due to access to training facilities and qualified coaches even before the pandemic. The oldest athletes had the greatest reduction in physical activities during the pandemic. Weightlifters had the opportunity to compete in virtual competitions and 44% would like to see some of these continued in the future, especially women. These findings highlight the benefits of competitive sports and may provide future directions in strength sports for organizations, sports clubs, and coaches.
47
Winship, Amy, Jacqueline Donoghue, Brendan J. Houston, Jacinta H. Martin, Tessa Lord, Alaknanda Adwal, Macarena Gonzalez i in. "Reproductive health research in Australia and New Zealand: highlights from the Annual Meeting of the Society for Reproductive Biology, 2019". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32, nr 7 (2020): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd19449.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The 2019 meeting of the Society for Reproductive Biology (SRB) provided a platform for the dissemination of new knowledge and innovations to improve reproductive health in humans, enhance animal breeding efficiency and understand the effect of the environment on reproductive processes. The effects of environment and lifestyle on fertility and animal behaviour are emerging as the most important modern issues facing reproductive health. Here, we summarise key highlights from recent work on endocrine-disrupting chemicals and diet- and lifestyle-induced metabolic changes and how these factors affect reproduction. This is particularly important to discuss in the context of potential effects on the reproductive potential that may be imparted to future generations of humans and animals. In addition to key summaries of new work in the male and female reproductive tract and on the health of the placenta, for the first time the SRB meeting included a workshop on endometriosis. This was an important opportunity for researchers, healthcare professionals and patient advocates to unite and provide critical updates on efforts to reduce the effect of this chronic disease and to improve the welfare of the women it affects. These new findings and directions are captured in this review.
48
Chandler, Jo, i Tom Morton. "INTERVIEW: Jo Chandler: Gender, human rights and power investigations in Papua New Guinea". Pacific Journalism Review 20, nr 1 (31.05.2014): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v20i1.191.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
INTERVIEW: A series of stories on the complexity and contradictions of Papua New Guinea, Australia’s closest neighbour, has won the 2013 George Munster award for independent journalism. The award is presented by the George Munster Trust and the Australian Centre for Independent Journalism (ACIJ) at the University of Technology, Sydney. Freelance journalist and former senior writer for Fairfax Media, Jo Chandler won the award for her Papua New Guinea articles, published in 2013 in the now defunct online publication The Global Mail. Covering issues such as health and human rights; violence and justice; aid and development; gender and power, the stories illustrate the complexity and contradictions of PNG, Australia’s closest neighbour. These stories included ‘It’s 2013, And They’re Burning Witches’, an article which received more than one million page views, and the personal ‘TB and me’. Each story demonstrated strong investigative skills, rigorous fact checking and quality writing. At the award presentation on 17 March 2014 at UTS, Chandler took part in a conversation with ACIJ director associate professor Tom Morton about her stories, how and why she covered them and what continues to motivate her. The George Munster Award recognises excellence in journalism and commemorates George Munster, freelance editor, journalist and writer.Caption: Figure 2: These men call their gang ‘Dirty Dons 585’ and admit to rapes and armed robberies in the Port Moresby area. They say two-thirds of their victims are women. © Vlad Sokhin
49
Mahon, Francois-Xavier, Franck E. Nicolini, Marie-Pierre Noël, Martine Escoffre, Aude Charbonnier, Delphine Rea, Viviane Dubruille i in. "Preliminary Report Of The STIM2 Study: A Multicenter Stop Imatinib Trial For Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia De Novo Patients On Imatinib". Blood 122, nr 21 (15.11.2013): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.654.654.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Background In the Stop imatinib study (STIM)1, we previously demonstrated that Imatinib could be safely discontinued in patients with a sustained deep molecular response (DMR) (undetectable BCR-ABLtranscripts (UMRD) for at least 2 years) (Lancet oncology, 2010;11: 1029-1035). Recently, these results were confirmed by the Australasian TWISTER study using criteria of imatinib cessation very similar to those used in the STIM1 study (Blood, 2013; 122:515-22). However in the both studies, half of the patients were previously treated with IFN leading to a non-homogenous cohort of patients. So we conducted prospectively a second trial (STIM2) where cessation of imatinib treatment was proposed for patients in sustained DMR who were treated only with imatinib. Methods In this new multicenter, non-randomized STIM2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01343173), imatinib was discontinued in CML pts with the same criteria as those we reported previously for the STIM1 i.e. sustained DMR defined as remission lasting more than 2 consecutive years and confirmed on five datapoints of BCR–ABL analyses by quantitative RT-PCR during these 2 years. The UMRD was defined with a sensitivity> to 4.5 log with ≥ 50.000 ABL transcripts amplified as internal control. The molecular relapse was defined as positivity of BCR–ABL transcript in Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed by a second analysis point indicating the increase of one log in relation to the first analysis point, on two successive assessments, or loss of MMR at one point. Quantitative RT-PCR for BCR–ABL transcripts from peripheral blood was performed every month during the first year and every 2 months thereafter. Beyond 2 years, molecular biology FU was performed every 3 months. Results From April 2011 to June 2013, 124 CML pts were included (62 men,62 women) with a median age of 61 years recruited in the 23 French centers. At the last update, the median follow up of the first 124 pts enrolled is 12 months (range 1-25). After discontinuation of imatinib, a molecular relapse occurred in 48 pts (45 relapses during the first 6 months and 3 relapses between 6 and 12 month), and 76 patients were still free of treatment at the last update with DMR. However 41 experienced a BCR-ABL RQ-PCR fluctuation without clear molecular relapse. In this so-called-fluctuation group of patients, 7 were found positive once, 6 twice, 12 patients between 3 and 5 times, 10 patients between 6 and 10 times and 6 patients more than 10 times confirming that BCR-ABL reappearance does not mean automatically clinical relapse. We confirmed also that all patients were sensitive to a TKI re-challenge. Actually, 33 patients were retreated with imatinib 5 with nilotinib and 3 with dasatinib. The median time to achieve again a CMR from the molecular relapse was 7 months (range 4-16 months) and from re-initiation of TKI was 4 months (range 2-14). Taking into account the cost of imatinib and the number of months without treatment in the total study population at last analysis, the savings within the STIM2 trial were estimated at 2.8 millions Euros. Conclusion We confirm that Imatinib can be safely and prospectively discontinued in pts with DMR of at least 2 years duration in patients only treated with imatinib. To stop treatment it may not require the complete eradication of residual leukemic stem cells since positive fluctuation PCR results do not lead to CML relapse or progression. These intriguing results, even for imatinib treated patients since disease onset (already observed after IFN therapy), are comparable to those reported with the more sensitive PCR on DNA in the TWISTER study and are under investigations in our laboratory. Disclosures: Mahon: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Brisol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Ariad: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria. Nicolini:Novartis, Ariad, Teva, BMS and Pfizer: Honoraria from Novartis, Ariad, Teva, BMS and Pfizer. Grants from Novartis. Other. Rea:Novartis: Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Ariad: Honoraria. Etienne:novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Ariad: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees.
50
Martin, Peter, Zhengming Chen, Bruce D. Cheson, Tricia Ellis, Katherine Sue Robinson, Michael E. Williams, Saurabh A. Rajguru i in. "Long-Term Outcomes, Secondary Malignancies, and Stem Cell Collection Following Bendamustine in Patients with Previously Treated Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma". Blood 126, nr 23 (3.12.2015): 3961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3961.3961.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Background Given the widespread use of bendamustine, data on long-term outcomes are essential for patients and clinicians to understand potential risks and benefits of therapy. Despite a long history as treatment for indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL), such information has been limited. We retrospectively reviewed the registration SDX-105-01 and SDX-105-03 trials (bendamustine 120 mg/m2 days 1+2 q21 days) and SDX-105-02 trial (bendamustine 90 mg/m2 days 1+2 plus rituximab 375 mg/m2 day 1 q28 days) to characterize long-term toxicity and efficacy of patients treated with bendamustine. Methods Patient level data was retrospectively collected from patients treated on the SDX-01, 02, and 03 trials. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics and events. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to report time-to-event outcomes. Wilcoxon Rank sum test was used to test the difference between events for continuous variables. Results Out of the total 245 subjects at 45 sites, data were available for 149 subjects (60 men, 89 women; SDX-01 N = 40, SDX-02 N = 43, SDX-03 N = 66) at 21 sites (included based on willingness to participate). The median age was 60 years at the start of bendamustine (range 39-84). The histologies included grade 1-2 follicular lymphoma (FL; N = 73), grade 3 FL (N = 23), SLL (N = 20), marginal zone lymphoma (N = 15), mantle cell lymphoma (N = 9), transformed lymphomas (N = 5), lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (N = 2), and not reported (N = 2). The average time from diagnosis to study entry was 41 months (range 2-229). The median number of therapies prior to bendamustine was 2.5 (range 1-8). Patients received a median of 6 cycles and a median total dose of bendamustine of 1408 mg (max 5216, min 240). With a median follow up of 8.8 years after study entry, 80 patients had experienced progression. The median PFS was 18.4 months (95% C.I. 11.9-27.8); the 3-year PFS was 37%. During follow up, 93 patients had died at a median time of 22.3 months after the start of bendamustine. The median OS after start of bendamustine was 65.9 months (95% C.I. 38.8-91.8). The causes of death were lymphoma (N = 45), bendamustine toxicity (N = 2), subsequent treatment toxicity (N = 8), MDS/AML (N = 5), other cancer (N = 2), other (N = 6), and unknown (N = 25). A total of 98 patients received a median of 2 therapies following bendamustine (range 1-9), with the first treatment occurring a median of 13.2 months (range 0-111.3) following the final dose of bendamustine. The reported best response to the first subsequent treatment was CR (N = 11), PR (N = 6), SD (N = 21), PD (N = 12), not evaluable (N = 25), and unknown (N = 22) and the median OS of these patients was 51.3 months (95% C.I. 33.4-80.3). Fourteen patients had attempted stem cell collection following bendamustine, 10 of which had stem cells collected successfully. Eight patients had stem cells collected with GCSF alone (N = 7) or GCSF plus chemotherapy (N = 1). Twenty-three patients developed 25 cancers following bendamustine. Six patients developed MDS and 2 more developed AML. The median time to MDS/AML following bendamustine was 24 months (range 10-103) with an annualized incidence rate of 0.52%/year. One of patient had a prior myeloid neoplasm and one had a prior germ cell tumor. In univariate analysis, neither age at lymphoma diagnosis (P=0.438), nor total number of systemic regimens (P=0.443), nor total dose of bendamustine (P=0.291) was associated with MDS/AML. Other cancers included adenocarcinoma (colon N = 2; prostate N = 2; lung N = 2; breast N = 1), non-melanoma skin cancer (N = 6), squamous cell carcinoma (N = 2), hepatocellular carcinoma (N = 1), and bladder cancer (N = 1). None of these occurred in the 12 patients with a history of solid tumor before bendamustine. Conclusions With a median follow up of survivors of > 8 years, there was no evidence that bendamustine in the setting of previously treated iNHL was associated with a high rate of long-term bone marrow toxicity. Rates of MDS/AML and failure to collect stem cells were lower than expected. However, roughly half of all patients died within 5 years of starting bendamustine, thereby limiting the long-term follow up. A small but meaningful number of patients achieved durable remissions following bendamustine. These rigorously collected, patient-level, long-term follow up data provide reassurance that bendamustine or bendamustine plus rituximab is associated with efficacy and safety for many patients with relapsed or refractory iNHL. Disclosures Martin: Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Acerta: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy. Cheson:AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Ascenta: Research Funding; Spectrum: Consultancy; Astellas: Consultancy; MedImmune: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Teva: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Gilead: Consultancy, Research Funding; Roche/Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding. Williams:Celgene: Consultancy, Other: Research funding to my institution; Takeda: Consultancy, Other: Research Funding to my institution; Genentech: Other: Research funding to my institution. Bartlett:Gilead: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Millennium: Research Funding; Colgene: Research Funding; Medimmune: Research Funding; Kite: Research Funding; Insight: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Research Funding; MERC: Research Funding; Dynavax: Research Funding; Idera: Research Funding; Portola: Research Funding; Bristol Meyers Squibb: Research Funding; Infinity: Research Funding; LAM Theapeutics: Research Funding. Szer:Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Alexion: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Alexion: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Alexion Australia: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Shire: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Shire: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Smith:celegene, spectrum, genentech: Honoraria. Leonard:Weill Cornell Medical College: Employment; Genentech: Consultancy; Medimmune: Consultancy; AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Spectrum: Consultancy; Boehringer Ingelheim: Consultancy; Vertex: Consultancy; ProNAI: Consultancy; Biotest: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Mirati Therapeutics: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy.