Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Australian saltmarsh”

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1

Sommer, Bea. "Australian Saltmarsh Ecology". Pacific Conservation Biology 16, nr 1 (2010): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc100071.

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Australia, including its territorial islands, is surrounded by almost 60 000 km of coastline (Geoscience Australia, http://www.ga.gov.au/education/) and, according to Saintilan, coastal saltmarshes occupy some 16 000 km2. Saltmarshes provide valuable ecosystem services and are generally recognized as among the most productive ecosystems on Earth. This is considered to be ecologically important because excess detrital matter exported to marine waters sustains food webs, including important fisheries (i.e., Odum?s [1980] ?outwelling hypothesis?). Although physically and biologically similar to saltmarshes elsewhere, Australian coastal saltmarshes have certain unique characteristics (e.g., the tidal zonation of marsh and mangroves and levels of productivity) that natural resource managers need to be aware of. Perhaps more so than elsewhere, the great majority of the Australian population lives along or near the coast. Consequently, Australian saltmarsh environments have been subject to significant human-driven change since European settlement. In spite of these compelling facts, Australian publications remain under-represented relative to the extent of saltmarsh on the continent. Australian Saltmarsh Ecology does much to correct this situation.
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2

Saintilan, Neil, i Kerrylee Rogers. "The significance and vulnerability of Australian saltmarshes: implications for management in a changing climate". Marine and Freshwater Research 64, nr 1 (2013): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12212.

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We review the distribution, status and ecology of Australian saltmarshes and the mechanisms whereby enhanced atmospheric carbon dioxide and associated climate change have influenced and will influence the provision of ecosystem goods and services. Research in temperate and subtropical saltmarsh has demonstrated important trophic contributions to estuarine fisheries, mediated by the synchronised mass-spawning of crabs, which feed predominantly on the C4 saltmarsh grass Sporobolus virginicus and microphytobenthos. Saltmarshes also provide unique feeding and habitat opportunities for several species of threatened microbats and birds, including migratory shorebirds. Saltmarshes increased in extent relative to mangrove in Australia in both tide- and wave-dominated geomorphic settings through the latter Holocene, although historic trends have seen a reversal of this trend. Australian saltmarshes have some capacity to maintain elevation with respect to rising sea level, although in south-eastern Australia, the encroachment of mangrove and, in Tasmania, conversion of shrubland to herbfield in the past half-century are consistent with changes in relative sea level. Modelling of the impacts of projected sea-level rise, incorporating sedimentation and other surface-elevation drivers, suggests that the survival of saltmarsh in developed estuaries will depend on the flexible management of hard structures and other impediments to wetland retreat.
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3

Mazumder, Debashish, Neil Saintilan i Robert J. Williams. "Trophic relationships between itinerant fish and crab larvae in a temperate Australian saltmarsh". Marine and Freshwater Research 57, nr 2 (2006): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05040.

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Comparisons of zooplankton inputs and outputs for a temperate Australian saltmarsh demonstrate a substantial contribution of crab larvae to the ebbing tide water, particularly during the cooler months. Few crab larvae were present in the incoming tide (mean abundance 4 m−3), whereas many crab larvae were present in the outgoing water (mean abundance 2124.63 m−3). Stomach content analysis of itinerant fish exiting the saltmarsh with the ebbing tide demonstrated extremely high proportions of crab larvae in the gut of glassfish (Ambassis jacksoniensis), as well as flat tail mullet (Liza argentea) and blue eye (Pseudomugil signifer). The results suggest a direct trophic link between secondary production of saltmarsh and itinerant fish, and a significant ecological role for burrowing crabs occupying saltmarshes in temperate Australia in the trophic food web of saltmarsh–estuarine systems.
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4

Prahalad, Vishnu, Jamie B. Kirkpatrick, John Aalders, Scott Carver, Joanna Ellison, Violet Harrison-Day, Peter McQuillan, Brigid Morrison, Alastair Richardson i Eric Woehler. "Conservation ecology of Tasmanian coastal saltmarshes, south-east Australia – a review". Pacific Conservation Biology 26, nr 2 (2020): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc19016.

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Temperate Australian saltmarshes, including those in the southern island state of Tasmania, are considered to be a threatened ecological community under Australian federal legislation. There is a need to improve our understanding of the ecological components, functional relationships and threatening processes of Tasmanian coastal saltmarshes and distil research priorities that could assist recovery actions. A semisystematic review of the literature on Tasmanian coastal saltmarshes supported by expert local knowledge identified 75 studies from 1947 to 2019. Existing understanding pertains to saltmarsh plants, soils, invertebrates and human impacts with ongoing studies currently adding to this knowledge base. Several knowledge gaps remain, and the present review recommends six key priority areas for research: (1) citizen science–organised inventory of (initially) saltmarsh birds, plants and human impacts with the potential for expansion of datasets; (2) use of saltmarsh by marine transient species including fish and decapods; (3) use of saltmarsh by, and interactions with, native and introduced mammals; (4) invertebrates and their interactions with predators (e.g. birds, fish) and prey (e.g. insects, plants, detritus); (5) historic saltmarsh loss and priority areas for conservation; (6) monitoring changes to saltmarsh due to both localised human impacts (e.g. grazing, eutrophication, destruction) and global change factors (e.g. climate change, sea-level rise). Addressing these research priorities will help in developing a better understanding of the ecological character of Tasmanian coastal saltmarshes and improve their conservation management.
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5

Prahalad, Vishnu, Violet Harrison-Day, Peter McQuillan i Colin Creighton. "Expanding fish productivity in Tasmanian saltmarsh wetlands through tidal reconnection and habitat repair". Marine and Freshwater Research 70, nr 1 (2019): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17154.

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Fish use of coastal saltmarsh wetlands has been documented for many parts of Australia with the notable exception of Tasmania. An initial investigation to examine the diversity, density and patterns of fish use in the Circular Head coast saltmarshes of north-west Tasmania was undertaken. To aid decision making in repair strategies, the effect of saltmarsh condition on fish assemblages was studied using paired sites of predominantly unaltered and altered saltmarshes where levees were present. In all, 851 fish from 11 species were caught in 37 of the 48 pop nets. Three species, Aldrichetta forsteri, Arripis truttaceus and Rhombosolea tapirina, are important to commercial and recreational fisheries and contributed ~20% of the total catch numbers. The mean density of >72 fish per 100m2 is the highest yet reported from Australian studies and indicates that Tasmanian saltmarshes provide higher value habitat for fish compared with elsewhere in Australia, likely due to more frequent and prolonged flooding, and the lack of adjacent mangroves. There was no significant difference in fish assemblages between unaltered and altered marshes. The results suggest that restoring basic saltmarsh structure through tidal reconnection will deliver substantial benefits for fish productivity through habitat expansion.A
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6

FAIRWEATHER, PETER G. "Australian Saltmarsh Ecology". Austral Ecology 35, nr 5 (23.11.2009): 595–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02131.x.

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7

Rogers, Kerrylee, Neil Saintilan, Debashish Mazumder i Jeffrey J. Kelleway. "Mangrove dynamics and blue carbon sequestration". Biology Letters 15, nr 3 (marzec 2019): 20180471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0471.

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We monitored coastal wetland vertical accretion, elevation gain and surface carbon (C) at Homebush Bay, Australia over 18 years (2000–2017) in three settings initially characterized by saltmarsh, mixed saltmarsh–mangrove ecotone and mangrove-dominated zones. During this time, the saltmarsh transitioned to mixed saltmarsh–mangrove ecotone, and the mixed saltmarsh–mangrove ecotone transitioned to mangrove, consistent with vegetation transitions observed across the east Australian continent in recent decades. In spite of mangrove recruitment and thickening in the former saltmarsh zone, and the dominance of mangrove root material as a contributing C source, the rate of C accumulation in the former saltmarsh zone did not change over the study period, and there was no significant increase in surface elevation. This contrasted with the response of sites with a longer history of mangrove colonization, which showed strong accretion and C accumulation over the period. The result suggests that the C accumulation and surface elevation gains made as a result of mangrove colonization may not be observable over initial decades, but will be significant in the longer term as forests reach maturity.
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8

SAINTILAN, NEIL. "Biogeography of Australian saltmarsh plants". Austral Ecology 34, nr 8 (grudzień 2009): 929–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2009.02001.x.

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Howe, Alice J., José F. Rodríguez, Jennifer Spencer, Geoff R. MacFarlane i Neil Saintilan. "Response of estuarine wetlands to reinstatement of tidal flows". Marine and Freshwater Research 61, nr 6 (2010): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09171.

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The importance of estuarine wetlands to ecosystem services such as primary productivity and flood attenuation, as well as their function as habitat for threatened species has prompted efforts to restore tidal flows to degraded wetlands. We tracked the response of estuarine vegetation to tidal-flow reinstatement over 12 years (1995–2007) in a wetland of the Hunter estuary, Australia. This site provides important habitat for migratory shorebird species, which favour shallow tidal pools and saltmarsh over mangrove forest. Increased tidal flows following culvert removal reduced shorebird roost habitat by 17% because of mangrove encroachment on saltmarsh and shallow tidal pools. Saltmarsh occurred in areas with a spring tidal range <0.3 m, hydroperiod <1.0 and elevation >0.4 above the Australian height datum (mAHD), whereas mangrove occupied areas with spring tidal range >0.3 m, hydroperiod <0.45 and elevation <0.4 mAHD. By using these parameters, it is possible to exclude mangrove from saltmarsh areas and to establish saltmarsh at lower elevations in the tidal frame than would occur under natural conditions, effectively expanding saltmarsh area. These measures can be useful where landward migration of estuarine communities is restricted by infrastructure; however, they should not be considered a substitute for conservation of remnant saltmarsh or establishment of landward buffer zones.
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10

Lara, Rubén José. "N. Saintilan (ed.): Australian saltmarsh ecology". Wetlands Ecology and Management 18, nr 1 (25.06.2009): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-009-9152-8.

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11

Finlayson, C. M. "N. Saintilan, (ed.) Australian Saltmarsh Ecology". Wetlands 30, nr 1 (12.01.2010): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-009-0012-3.

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12

Bridgewater, Peter, i Ian D. Cresswell. "Identifying biogeographic patterns in Australian saltmarsh and mangal systems: a phytogeographic analysis". Phytocoenologia 33, nr 2-3 (1.06.2003): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0340-269x/2003/0033-0231.

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13

Foster, Simon, William Maher, Anne Taylor, Frank Krikowa i Kristy Telford. "Distribution and Speciation of Arsenic in Temperate Marine Saltmarsh Ecosystems". Environmental Chemistry 2, nr 3 (2005): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en05061.

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Environmental Context. The pathways by which arsenic is accumulated and transferred in aquatic ecosystems are relatively unknown. Examination of whole marine ecosystems rather than individual organisms provides greater insights into the biogeochemical cycling of arsenic. Saltmarshes with low ecological diversity are an important terrestrial–marine interface about which little is known regarding arsenic concentrations and species distribution. This study examines the cycling of arsenic within Australian saltmarsh ecosystems to further understand its distribution and trophic transfer. Abstract. This paper reports the distribution of total arsenic and arsenic species in saltmarsh ecosystems located in south-east Australia. We also investigated the relationship between arsenic, iron, and phosphorus concentrations in saltmarsh halophytes and associated sediment. Total mean arsenic concentrations in saltmarsh plants, S. quinqueflora and S. australis, for leaves ranged from 0.03 ± 0.05 to 0.67 ± 0.48 μg g−1 and 0.03 ± 0.02 to 0.08 ± 0.06 μg g−1, respectively, and for roots ranged from 2 ± 2 to 6 ± 12 μg g−1 and 0.39 ± 0.20 to 0.57 ± 1.06 μg g−1 respectively. Removal of iron plaque from the roots reduced the arsenic concentration variability to 0.40–0.79 µg g−1 and 0.95–1.05 µg g−1 for S. quinqueflora and S. australis roots respectively. Significant differences were found between locations for total arsenic concentrations in plant tissues and these differences could be partially attributed to differences in sediment arsenic concentrations between locations. For S. quinqueflora but not S. australis there was a strong correlation between arsenic and iron concentrations in the leaf and root tissues. A significant negative relationship between arsenic and phosphorus concentrations was found for S. quinqueflora leaves but not roots. Total mean arsenic concentrations in salt marsh animal tissues (7 ± 2–21 ± 13 µg g−1) were consistent with those found for other marine animals. The concentration of total arsenic in gastropods and amphipods could be partially explained by the concentration of total arsenic in the dominant saltmarsh plant S. quinqueflora. Of the extractable arsenic, saltmarsh plants were dominated by arsenic(iii), arsenic(v) (66–99%), and glycerol arsenoribose (17–35%). Arsenobetaine was the dominant extractable arsenic species in the gastropods Salinator soilda (84%) and Ophicardelus ornatus (89%) and the crab Neosarmatium meinerti (89%). Amphipods contained mainly arsenobetaine (44%) with some phosphate arsenoribose (23%). Glycerol trimethyl arsonioribose was found in both gastropods (0.7–0.8%) and the visceral mass of N. meinerti (0.1%). These results show that arsenic uptake into plants from uncontaminated saltmarsh environments maybe dependent on plant iron uptake and inhibited by high phosphorus concentrations. Arsenic in saltmarsh plants is mainly present as inorganic arsenic, but arsenic in animals that eat plant detritus is present as organo arsenic species, primarily arsenobetaine and arsenosugars. The presence of glycerol trimethyl arsonioribose poses the question of whether trimethylated arsonioriboses are transitory intermediates in the formation of arsenobetaine.
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14

Platell, Margaret E., i Peter Freewater. "Importance of saltmarsh to fish species of a large south-eastern Australian estuary during a spring tide cycle". Marine and Freshwater Research 60, nr 9 (2009): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08164.

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The dietary compositions of fish species over saltmarsh in a large south-eastern Australian estuary (Brisbane Water) were explored to ascertain the importance of this habitat type to the fish community of that estuary. Following tidal inundation, 12 fish species (<120 mm total length) were obtained using fyke nets, with Ambassis jacksoniensis being particularly abundant. The stomachs of all fish contained undigested prey, implying that they fed while on the saltmarsh. Three species (A. jacksoniensis, Atherinosoma microstoma and Redigobius macrostoma) fed nearly exclusively on the crab zoeae that were released in high numbers by saltmarsh crabs. The diets of these three species significantly differed from those of the other species, which comprised mainly foraminiferans, copepods, crabs, polychaetes, terrestrial insects and/or detritus. Substantial partitioning of food resources also occurred between the other nine species. With increasing body size, A. jacksoniensis fed more on benthic prey (polychaetes and copepods) and less on crab zoeae. This study highlights the importance of saltmarsh as providing both protection and food resources for fish species during even short periods of tidal inundation by its provision of a superabundant food source (crab zoeae) and other prey, and underscores the need for recognition of saltmarsh in management plans for fish.
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15

Saintilan, Neil, i Debashish Mazumder. "Fine-scale variability in the dietary sources of grazing invertebrates in a temperate Australian saltmarsh". Marine and Freshwater Research 61, nr 5 (2010): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09187.

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Saltmarsh floristic diversity declines with increasing latitude on the Australian east coast, with the dominant tropical C4 grass Sporobolus virginicus being replaced progressively by a suite of mostly succulent C3 species. The temperate Towra Point saltmarsh consists of a mosaic of vegetation communities, including stands of the C4 saltmarsh grass Sporobolus virginicus, and the C3 succulents Suaeda australis and Sarcocornia quinqueflora. The contrasting stable isotope signatures of these plants provide an opportunity to determine the extent to which plant material is contributing to the diet of grazing invertebrates inhabiting these communities. The grazing crabs Parasesarma erythrodactyla and Helograpsus haswellianus, and the snail Littoraria luteola, were sampled for their carbon and nitrogen isotope signatures. In the Sarcocornia communities, crab and snail δ13C signatures could not be matched to the signature of dominant plants, but were close to the fine benthic material on the marsh surface. In the Sporobolus community, the δ13C signatures of the same species were enriched and closer to that of the dominant plant. Results suggest that grazing herbivores feed over very small spatial ranges within mosaics of vegetation on locally sourced benthic material, with S. virginicus plant material making a contribution to dietary carbon where present.
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Katrak, G., S. Dittmann i L. Seuront. "Spatial variation in burrow morphology of the mud shore crab Helograpsus haswellianus (Brachyura, Grapsidae) in South Australian saltmarshes". Marine and Freshwater Research 59, nr 10 (2008): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08044.

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Burrowing by crabs is an important component of their functional role in mangrove and saltmarsh habitats. The grapsid crab Helograpsus haswellianus (Whitelegge, 1889) is one of the more conspicuous burrowing organisms in the saltmarshes of southern Australia. To evaluate intraspecific differences in burrowing behaviour among saltmarshes on a regional scale, we compared vegetation cover, sediment composition and burrow morphology at four sites using resin casts. Six burrow morphology characters were measured (burrow depth, number, lengths and diameter of the shafts, ratio of the shafts, number and diameter of the burrow openings), and the overall 3D burrow complexity was described using a single parameter, the fractal dimension D. Apart from the number of shafts, all morphological characters of the burrows differed significantly among sites. Analyses of the fractal dimensions lead to the identification of three groups of burrows based on D: a group of highly complex burrows (one site), a group of burrows of intermediate complexity (two sites) and a group of less complex burrows (one site). Burrow morphology variation was correlated with non-dominant vegetation, plant matter in the soil and very coarse sand in the sediment. Site-specific differences in burrows caution against generalising the functional role of crabs across sites.
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17

Jinks, Kristin I., Michael A. Rasheed, Christopher J. Brown, Andrew D. Olds, Thomas A. Schlacher, Marcus Sheaves, Paul H. York i Rod M. Connolly. "Saltmarsh grass supports fishery food webs in subtropical Australian estuaries". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 238 (czerwiec 2020): 106719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106719.

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Sommerville, Karen, Alex Pulkownik i Margaret Burchett. "Reproductive biology of a threatened Australian saltmarsh plant – Wilsonia backhousei". Aquatic Botany 99 (maj 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2011.12.010.

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Morton, Rick M., John P. Beumer i Barry R. Pollock. "Fishes of a subtropical Australian saltmarsh and their predation upon mosquitoes". Environmental Biology of Fishes 21, nr 3 (marzec 1988): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00004862.

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CONNOLLY, R. M., A. DALTON i D. A. BASS. "Fish use of an inundated saltmarsh flat in a temperate Australian estuary". Austral Ecology 22, nr 2 (czerwiec 1997): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1997.tb00662.x.

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Crinall, S. M., i J. S. Hindell. "Assessing the use of saltmarsh flats by fish in a temperate Australian embayment". Estuaries 27, nr 4 (sierpień 2004): 728–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02907656.

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Vårhammar, Angelica, Christopher M. McLean, Richard Man Kit Yu i Geoff R. MacFarlane. "Uptake and partitioning of metals in the Australian saltmarsh halophyte, samphire (Sarcocornia quinqueflora)". Aquatic Botany 156 (czerwiec 2019): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2019.04.001.

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Cutajar, J., J. Shimeta i D. Nugegoda. "Impacts of the invasive grass Spartina anglica on benthic macrofaunal assemblages in a temperate Australian saltmarsh". Marine Ecology Progress Series 464 (19.09.2012): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09826.

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Taylor, Matthew D., Troy F. Gaston i Vincent Raoult. "The economic value of fisheries harvest supported by saltmarsh and mangrove productivity in two Australian estuaries". Ecological Indicators 84 (styczeń 2018): 701–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.08.044.

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Shimeta, Jeff, Lynnette Saint, Emily R. Verspaandonk, Dayanthi Nugegoda i Steffan Howe. "Long-term ecological consequences of herbicide treatment to control the invasive grass, Spartina anglica, in an Australian saltmarsh". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 176 (lipiec 2016): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.04.010.

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Turner, Paul A. "Relationship between age and colour of hatched eggshells of Ochlerotatus vigilax (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) on an Australian saltmarsh". Australian Journal of Entomology 41, nr 4 (październik 2002): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6055.2002.00315.x.

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Mondon, Julie, Kate Morrison i Robert Wallis. "Impact of saltmarsh disturbance on seed quality of Sarcocornia (Sarcocornia quinqueflora), a food plant of an endangered Australian parrot". Ecological Management & Restoration 10, nr 1 (kwiecień 2009): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-8903.2009.00439.x.

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Prahalad, Vishnu N. "Human impacts and saltmarsh loss in the Circular Head coast, north-west Tasmania, 1952– 2006: implications for management." Pacific Conservation Biology 20, nr 3 (2014): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc140272.

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Coastal saltmarshes of temperate Australia are in decline and have recently been listed as a threatened ecological community under Federal legislation. Further research is required to better understand both the extent and nature of their decline in order to plan their recovery. A case study is presented of the most extensive area of saltmarshes in Tasmania, on the north-west Circular Head coast. A mixture of aerial photographs and ground-truthing data were used to determine human impacts and saltmarsh loss between 1952 and 2006. There was an absolute loss of 219 ha since 1952, largely due to the effects of a 24.5 km network of levees. Of the 1 153 ha of saltmarshes that remained in 2006, a further 752 ha (65%) was associated with one or several of land-based human impacts. This left 401 ha (35%) of saltmarshes that had no recorded human impacts and a contiguous vegetative buffer zone of 50–100 m. These areas represent some of the least disturbed saltmarshes in Tasmania and warrant adequate conservation measures. Future planning for conservation and the use of land and marine resources should strive to promote both the extent and functional health of saltmarshes.
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BADER, C. A., i C. R. WILLIAMS. "Eggs of the Australian saltmarsh mosquito, Aedes camptorhynchus, survive for long periods and hatch in instalments: implications for biosecurity in New Zealand". Medical and Veterinary Entomology 25, nr 1 (14.09.2010): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2010.00908.x.

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Williams, Craig R., Christie A. Bader, Samantha R. Williams i Peter I. Whelan. "Adult mosquito trap sensitivity for detecting exotic mosquito incursions and eradication: a study using EVS traps and the Australian southern saltmarsh mosquito, Aedes camptorhynchus". Journal of Vector Ecology 37, nr 1 (1.05.2012): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7134.2012.00207.x.

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Raoult, Vincent, Troy F. Gaston i Matthew D. Taylor. "Habitat–fishery linkages in two major south-eastern Australian estuaries show that the C4 saltmarsh plant Sporobolus virginicus is a significant contributor to fisheries productivity". Hydrobiologia 811, nr 1 (10.01.2018): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3490-y.

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Hurst, Thomas, i Paul I. Boon. "Agricultural weeds and coastal saltmarsh in south-eastern Australia: an insurmountable problem?" Australian Journal of Botany 64, nr 4 (2016): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt16027.

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It is often assumed that saline coastal wetlands experience environmental conditions so severe that they are largely immune to invasion by exotic plant species. The belief is implicit in many older reviews of threats to mangroves and coastal saltmarshes, where a limited range of vascular plant taxa, often focussing on *Spartina, (throughout the paper an asterisk denotes an introduced (exotic) species as per Carr 2012) have been invoked as the major species of concern. Even though the weed flora of southern Australia is derived largely from agriculture and horticulture, neither of which includes many species tolerant of waterlogged, variably saline environments, a recent assessment of Victorian saline coastal wetlands indicated that exotic plants were the third-most pervasive threat, after land ‘reclamation’ and grazing. Tall wheat grass, *Lophopyrum ponticum (Podp.) A.Love., is one of the most severe and widely distributed weeds of saline coastal wetlands in south-eastern Australia. It is promoted by the agricultural extension arm of the Victorian government as a salt-tolerant pasture grass; however, its broad ecological amplitude and robust life form make it a most serious invader of upper saltmarsh in Victoria. We assessed the effectiveness of different control measures, including slashing and herbicides, for the management of *L. ponticum infestations (and their side effects on saltmarsh communities) in the Western Port region of Victoria. A nominally monocot-specific herbicide widely used to control *Spartina, Fluazifop-P, was ineffective in controlling *L. ponticum. The broad-spectrum systemic herbicide glyphosate was more effective in controlling *L. ponticum, but had undesirable impacts on native plant species. Controlling weeds in coastal wetlands using available herbicides for use near coastal waterways would seem to remain problematic.
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33

Adam, Paul. "Australian saltmarshes". Wetlands Australia 1, nr 1 (4.01.2010): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31646/wa.47.

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34

Navarro, Alejandro, Mary Young, Peter I. Macreadie, Emily Nicholson i Daniel Ierodiaconou. "Mangrove and Saltmarsh Distribution Mapping and Land Cover Change Assessment for South-Eastern Australia from 1991 to 2015". Remote Sensing 13, nr 8 (8.04.2021): 1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081450.

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Coastal wetland ecosystems, such as saltmarsh and mangroves, provide a wide range of important ecological and socio-economic services. A good understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of these ecosystems is critical to maximising the benefits from restoration and conservation projects. We mapped mangrove and saltmarsh ecosystem transitions from 1991 to 2015 in south-eastern Australia, using remotely sensed Landsat data and a Random Forest classification. Our classification results were improved by the addition of two physical variables (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM), and Distance to Water). We also provide evidence that the addition of post-classification, spatial and temporal, filters improve overall accuracy of coastal wetlands detection by up to 16%. Mangrove and saltmarsh maps produced in this study had an overall User Accuracy of 0.82–0.95 and 0.81–0.87 and an overall Producer Accuracy of 0.71–0.88 and 0.24–0.87 for mangrove and saltmarsh, respectively. We found that mangrove ecosystems in south-eastern Australia have lost an area of 1148 ha (7.6%), whilst saltmarsh experienced an overall increase in coverage of 4157 ha (20.3%) over this 24-year period. The maps developed in this study allow local managers to quantify persistence, gains, and losses of coastal wetlands in south-eastern Australia.
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35

Glamore, William, Duncan Rayner, Jamie Ruprecht, Mahmood Sadat-Noori i Danial Khojasteh. "Eco-hydrology as a driver for tidal restoration: Observations from a Ramsar wetland in eastern Australia". PLOS ONE 16, nr 8 (5.08.2021): e0254701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254701.

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Land reclamation projects and the installation of drainage infrastructure has impacted coastal wetlands worldwide. By altering water levels and inundation extent, these activities have changed the viable ecosystems onsite and resulted in the proliferation of freshwater species. As more than 50% of tidal wetlands have been degraded globally over the last 100 years, the importance of this issue is increasingly being recognised and tidal wetland restoration projects are underway worldwide. However, there are currently limited sites where large-scale reintroduction of tidal flushing has been implemented with the explicit aim to foster the growth of a threatened ecosystem. In this study, the tidal restoration of an internationally recognised Ramsar listed wetland in eastern Australia is described to highlight how coastal saltmarsh can be targeted by mimicking inundation depths and hydroperiod across the 410-ha site. Coastal saltmarsh is particularly important to this site as it is part of the east Australasian flyway for migratory birds and the minimum saltmarsh extent, as listed within the Ramsar’s limits of acceptable change, have been breached. To recreate coastal saltmarsh habitat onsite, water level and hydroperiod criteria were established based on similar vegetation patterns within the adjacent estuary. A calibrated 2D hydrodynamic model of the site was then used to test how the preferred inundation criteria could be applied to the largest possible restored wetland area. Once optimised, a synthetic tidal signal was implemented onsite via automated hydraulic controls. The onsite vegetation response over an 8-year period was assessed to highlight the ecosystem response to controlled tidal inundation and denoted substantial saltmarsh expansion during the period. The techniques applied onsite have successfully met the restoration targets and can be applied at similar sites worldwide, offsetting sea level rise impacts to natural inundation hydroperiod.
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36

Gonsalves, Leroy, Bradley Law, Cameron Webb i Vaughan Monamy. "Are vegetation interfaces important to foraging insectivorous bats in endangered coastal saltmarsh on the Central Coast of New South Wales?" Pacific Conservation Biology 18, nr 4 (2012): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc120282.

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Conservation of insectivorous bats and their habitats is of increasing concern in Australia and linear elements in the landscape form important foraging habitats for many species. Only recently has use of endangered coastal saltmarsh habitat by bats been documented. Vegetation adjoining saltmarsh provides echolocating bats with linear elements that may be used while foraging and commuting to patches of high insect abundance. We used acoustic detectors to investigate whether individual species and total bat activity along seaward and landward saltmarsh edges was different to the interior of the saltmarsh. Four taxa accounted for greater than 80 % of all bat activity in each zone with similar taxa recorded in both edge and interior zones. However, significantly more bat activity was recorded in edge zones. While differences in microhabitat use by individual species were also found, bat morphology did not account for the observed differences. Conservation managers of saltmarsh and adjoining habitats should consider potential impacts of management actions on foraging bats and their prey. Retention of strips of edge vegetation may help to balance the conservation requirements of endangered coastal saltmarsh habitats and the foraging insectivorous bat populations they sustain.
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37

Wong, V. N. L., R. E. Reef, C. Chan i K. S. Goldsmith. "Organic carbon fractions in temperate mangrove and saltmarsh soils". Soil Research 59, nr 1 (2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr20069.

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Coastal wetlands, such as mangrove and saltmarsh environments, can store significant amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC); however, most studies focus on tropical and subtropical environments. We assessed SOC stocks and fractions in temperate mangrove (two sites) and saltmarsh (sites SM1, SM2 and SM3) environments in southern Australia. The SOC fractions were separated according to particulate organic carbon (POC), humic carbon (HC) and recalcitrant carbon (RC) by size fractionation. Saltmarsh sites generally had the highest SOC content (up to 12.4% SOC). The POC fraction was the highest at the surface in the saltmarsh site and decreased relative to the HC and RC fractions with depth. Conversely, the proportion of POC at the mangrove sites did not decrease with depth, forming up to 76% of the SOC. The vertical displacement of soil of up to 5.8 mm year–1 at the saltmarsh sites, measured using root ingrowth bags, suggest significant contributions of POC via root materials. Retention of these POC inputs are likely to be related to waterlogging, which decreases decomposition rates – with much lower soil moisture content at SM1, where the lowest POC content occurred below the surface, compared with SM2 and SM3.
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38

Chamberlain, Debbie, Stuart Phinn i Hugh Possingham. "Remote Sensing of Mangroves and Estuarine Communities in Central Queensland, Australia". Remote Sensing 12, nr 1 (6.01.2020): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010197.

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Great Barrier Reef catchments are under pressure from the effects of climate change, landscape modifications, and hydrology alterations. With the use of remote sensing datasets covering large areas, conventional methods of change detection can expose broad transitions, whereas workflows that excerpt data for time-series trends divulge more subtle transformations of land cover modification. Here, we combine both these approaches to investigate change and trends in a large estuarine region of Central Queensland, Australia, that encompasses a national park and is adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage site. Nine information classes were compiled in a maximum likelihood post classification change analysis in 2004–2017. Mangroves decreased (1146 hectares), as was the case with estuarine wetland (1495 hectares), and saltmarsh grass (1546 hectares). The overall classification accuracies and Kappa coefficient for 2004, 2006, 2009, 2013, 2015, and 2017 land cover maps were 85%, 88%, 88%, 89%, 81%, and 92%, respectively. The cumulative area of open forest, estuarine wetland, and saltmarsh grass (1628 hectares) was converted to pasture in a thematic change analysis showing the “from–to” change. We generated linear regression relationships to examine trends in pixel values across the time series. Our findings from a trend analysis showed a decreasing trend (p value range = 0.001–0.099) in the vegetation extent of open forest, fringing mangroves, estuarine wetlands, saltmarsh grass, and grazing areas, but this was inconsistent across the study site. Similar to reports from tropical regions elsewhere, saltmarsh grass is poorly represented in the national park. A severe tropical cyclone preceding the capture of the 2017 Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) image was likely the main driver for reduced areas of shoreline and stream vegetation. Our research contributes to the body of knowledge on coastal ecosystem dynamics to enable planning to achieve more effective conservation outcomes.
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39

Duke, Norman C., Colin Field, Jock R. Mackenzie, Jan-Olaf Meynecke i Apanie L. Wood. "Rainfall and its possible hysteresis effect on the proportional cover of tropical tidal-wetland mangroves and saltmarsh–saltpans". Marine and Freshwater Research 70, nr 8 (2019): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18321.

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Mangrove–saltmarsh tidal wetlands are highly dynamic ecosystems, responding and adapting to climate and physical conditions at all spatial and temporal scales. Knowledge of the large-scale ecosystem processes involved and how they might be influenced by climate variables is highly relevant today. For tidal-wetland sites well within the latitudinal range of the mostly tropical mangrove communities, we confirm that average annual rainfall influences vegetative cover, as well as species composition and biomass of tidal wetlands. On the basis of 205 largely unmodified, tropical and subtropical estuaries of northern Australia, a sigmoidal relationship, with a centroid inflection point ~1368mm, was derived between rainfall and the relative amounts of high-biomass mangroves and low-biomass saltmarsh–saltpan vegetation. The presence and probability of observed combinations of these community types were quantified using the wetland cover index, which is the ratio of total mangrove area to that of mangroves plus intertidal saltmarsh and saltpans. Accordingly, periodic changes in rainfall trends are likely manifest as either encroachment or dieback of mangroves along the ecotones separating them from tidal saltmarsh–saltpans. Presented is a new conceptual framework and model that describes how such ecosystem-scale processes take place in tropical and subtropical tidal wetlands.
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40

Saintilan, Neil, i Robert J. Williams. "Mangrove transgression into saltmarsh environments in south-east Australia". Global Ecology and Biogeography 8, nr 2 (marzec 1999): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00133.x.

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41

HARTY, CHRISTOPHER. "Planning Strategies for Mangrove and Saltmarsh Changes in Southeast Australia". Coastal Management 32, nr 4 (październik 2004): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08920750490487386.

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42

Rasel, Sikdar M. M., Hsing-Chung Chang, Israt Jahan Diti, Tim Ralph i Neil Saintilan. "COMPARISON OF VERY NEAR INFRARED (VNIR) WAVELENGTH FROM EO-1 HYPERION AND WORLDVIEW 2 IMAGES FOR SALTMARSH CLASSIFICATION". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-8 (7.06.2016): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-8-85-2016.

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Saltmarsh is one of the important communities of wetlands. Due to a range of pressures, it has been declared as an EEC (Ecological Endangered Community) in Australia. In order to correctly identify different saltmarsh species, development of distinct spectral characteristics is essential to monitor this EEC. This research was conducted to classify saltmarsh species based on spectral characteristics in the VNIR wavelength of Hyperion Hyperspectral and Worldview 2 multispectral remote sensing data. Signal Noise Ratio (SNR) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied in Hyperion data to test data quality and to reduce data dimensionality respectively. FLAASH atmospheric correction was done to get surface reflectance data. Based on spectral and spatial information a supervised classification followed by Mapping Accuracy (%) was used to assess the classification result. SNR of Hyperion data was varied according to season and wavelength and it was higher for all land cover in VNIR wavelength. There was a significant difference between radiance and reflectance spectra. It was found that atmospheric correction improves the spectral information. Based on the PCA of 56 VNIR band of Hyperion, it was possible to segregate 16 bands that contain 99.83 % variability. Based on reference 16 bands were compared with 8 bands of Worldview 2 for classification accuracy. Overall Accuracy (OA) % for Worldview 2 was increased from 72 to 79 while for Hyperion, it was increased from 70.47 to 71.66 when bands were added orderly. Considering the significance test with z values and kappa statistics at 95% confidence level, Worldview 2 classification accuracy was higher than Hyperion data.
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43

Rasel, Sikdar M. M., Hsing-Chung Chang, Israt Jahan Diti, Tim Ralph i Neil Saintilan. "COMPARISON OF VERY NEAR INFRARED (VNIR) WAVELENGTH FROM EO-1 HYPERION AND WORLDVIEW 2 IMAGES FOR SALTMARSH CLASSIFICATION". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-8 (7.06.2016): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-8-85-2016.

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Saltmarsh is one of the important communities of wetlands. Due to a range of pressures, it has been declared as an EEC (Ecological Endangered Community) in Australia. In order to correctly identify different saltmarsh species, development of distinct spectral characteristics is essential to monitor this EEC. This research was conducted to classify saltmarsh species based on spectral characteristics in the VNIR wavelength of Hyperion Hyperspectral and Worldview 2 multispectral remote sensing data. Signal Noise Ratio (SNR) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied in Hyperion data to test data quality and to reduce data dimensionality respectively. FLAASH atmospheric correction was done to get surface reflectance data. Based on spectral and spatial information a supervised classification followed by Mapping Accuracy (%) was used to assess the classification result. SNR of Hyperion data was varied according to season and wavelength and it was higher for all land cover in VNIR wavelength. There was a significant difference between radiance and reflectance spectra. It was found that atmospheric correction improves the spectral information. Based on the PCA of 56 VNIR band of Hyperion, it was possible to segregate 16 bands that contain 99.83 % variability. Based on reference 16 bands were compared with 8 bands of Worldview 2 for classification accuracy. Overall Accuracy (OA) % for Worldview 2 was increased from 72 to 79 while for Hyperion, it was increased from 70.47 to 71.66 when bands were added orderly. Considering the significance test with z values and kappa statistics at 95% confidence level, Worldview 2 classification accuracy was higher than Hyperion data.
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44

Ellison, Joanna, i Kim Beasy. "Sediment Carbon Accumulation in Southern Latitude Saltmarsh Communities of Tasmania, Australia". Biology 7, nr 2 (2.05.2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology7020027.

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45

Mazumder, Debashish, Neil Saintilan i Robert J. Williams. "Zooplankton inputs and outputs in the saltmarsh at Towra Point, Australia". Wetlands Ecology and Management 17, nr 3 (31.05.2008): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-008-9102-x.

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46

Chenhall, B. E., I. Yassini i B. G. Jones. "Heavy metal concentrations in lagoonal saltmarsh species, Illawarra region, southeastern Australia". Science of The Total Environment 125 (wrzesień 1992): 203–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90392-6.

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47

Laegdsgaard, Pia. "Ecology, disturbance and restoration of coastal saltmarsh in Australia: a review". Wetlands Ecology and Management 14, nr 5 (październik 2006): 379–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-005-8827-z.

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48

Grindrod, John. "The palynology of holocene mangrove and saltmarsh sediments, particularly in Northern Australia". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 55, nr 1-3 (czerwiec 1988): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(88)90088-7.

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49

Summerton, A. P. "Natural radionuclides in tidal saltmarsh soils in South Australia—An unusual distribution?" Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles 161, nr 2 (sierpień 1992): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02040494.

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50

Chapman, M. G., i D. E. Roberts. "Use of seagrass wrack in restoring disturbed Australian saltmarshes". Ecological Management and Restoration 5, nr 3 (grudzień 2004): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-8903.2004.00207.x.

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