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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Australian magpies”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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1

Waas, Joseph, John Innes i Dai Morgan. "Can redirected aggression explain interspecific attacks by Australian magpies on other birds?" Behaviour 144, nr 7 (2007): 767–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853907781476391.

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AbstractAttacks by participants of conflicts against a third party are referred to as redirected aggression. Usually the third party is a conspecific — few documented cases of redirected aggression against other species exist. The Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen), however, often attacks other species; the reasons for attacks are largely unknown. Some attacks occur after territorial disputes with conspecifics, suggesting that attacks are the result of redirected aggression. We subjected eight Australian magpie groups to simulated territorial intrusions. In one treatment an Australian magpie and rock dove (Columba livia) were presented in cages next to one another (5 m apart) on the territory for 30 min; the Australian magpie decoy was then covered and aggressive responses toward the rock dove by residents were recorded for a further 30 min (Treatment 1). Two additional treatments were presented in an identical manner on each territory where both decoys were either Australian magpies (Treatment 2) or rock doves (Treatment 3). We predicted that if Australian magpies regularly redirect aggression onto benign species after conspecific territorial intrusions, attack rates on the rock dove decoy in Treatment 1 would be higher than attack rates on the rock dove decoy in Treatment 3. Residents were seldom recorded close (<1 m) and not seen attacking rock dove decoys during tests. In contrast, Australian magpie decoys were often approached and attacked by residents. After a decoy was covered (following the first 30 min phase), residents spent little time in close proximity (on cage, <0.3 m, or 0.3-1 m) to the rock dove decoy in either Treatment 1 or Treatment 3; in contrast, residents were often recorded close to the Australian magpie decoy in Treatment 2. We found no evidence that Australian magpies redirect aggression onto other birds after territorial intrusions. The true proportion of territorial disputes leading to redirected attacks may be small, or only occur under highly specific contexts.

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Jones, Darryl N., i Thomas Nealson. "Management of aggressive Australian magpies by translocation". Wildlife Research 30, nr 2 (2003): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01102.

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Attacks on humans by Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen) cause a significant human–wildlife conflict in suburban environments throughout Australia. Community opposition to lethal control methods generally has, in part, led to an increase in the use of translocation as an alternative. We assessed the effectiveness and implications of using this approach in the management of aggressive magpie in south-eastern Queensland during 1999 and 2000. A total of 968 (1999) and 707 (2000) magpies were reported by the public, of which 39–45% were able to be investigated by a two-person team working three days per week. A total of 141 magpies were translocated, 31.7% of all birds investigated. Of these, only five (3.5%) returned to the place of capture, and 22 (15.6%) were resighted elsewhere; there was no evidence of 'homing'. Only three translocated birds were subsequently reported as being aggressive towards humans. While extremely effective in reducing the conflict locally, we caution against the indiscriminate use of this method, and suggest that it be seen as one of many options available to wildlife managers.

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3

Kallioinen, RUO, JM Hughes i PB Mather. "Significance of Back Colour in Territorial Interactions in the Australian Magpie". Australian Journal of Zoology 43, nr 6 (1995): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9950665.

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In eastern Australia, two forms of the Australian magpie occur: a white-backed form and a black-backed form. These two forms hybridise across northern Victoria and into South Australia. In this study the response of territorial magpies to caged intruders was examined. Pairs of adult male magpies were introduced into territories. Both were adult black-backed birds, but in each case one of them had its back painted white. The pair was introduced to each territory twice, with the bird that was painted white differing between times. The experiment was run in a population of black-backed birds and a population in the hybrid zone containing white-backed, black-backed and hybrid birds. In both cases, the residents were more aggressive towards the intruder with the white-back than they were to the black-backed intruder. We suggest that this may be because a white-backed bird posed more of a threat to residents than a black-backed bird.

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4

Jones, Darryl N., i Paul G. Finn. "Translocation of aggressive Australian magpies: a preliminary assessment of a potential management action". Wildlife Research 26, nr 3 (1999): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98062.

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Australian magpies are the cause of a major wildlife-management conflict in suburban areas throughout Australia. Mitigation of this conflict is becoming increasingly difficult in some locations because of community opposition to the destruction of the birds involved, which remains a common management solution of many wildlife agencies. Translocation – the capture and release elsewhere – of offending birds has been advocated but never seriously evaluated. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of translocation as a means of eliminating magpie attacks. We also attempted to assess the impact of the approach on both the translocated birds and those remaining in the territory. A total of 20 aggressive magpies, all males, were captured and released at distances 17–150 km from the place of capture. Most birds released more than 30 km away were not seen again; two birds released less than 30 km away returned quickly and were recaptured. A single bird re-established itself on its original territory several months after capture. In many cases, new males had replaced the captured birds within days. There was no evidence of negative behavioural interactions between these males and the resident females or chicks. While the technique is effective in reducing the human–magpie conflict at specific locations, our lack of knowledge of the fate of translocated males, as well as several other issues, suggests that this approach be used only in extreme circumstances.

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5

Warne, Rowena M., i Darryl N. Jones. "Evidence of target specificity in attacks by Australian magpies on humans". Wildlife Research 30, nr 3 (2003): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01108.

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Although attacks on humans by Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen) are a source of significant wildlife–human conflict in urban areas of Australia, little is known about the patterns of attack by these birds. Such information is essential for the development of sound management plans for this species. We examined the attack behaviour of 48 aggressive magpies from Brisbane during September–October 1999, paying particular attention to the types of intruders targeted. All attacking birds were male. A clear majority (71%) of birds attacked only one intruder type, with about half attacking pedestrians only; similar proportions targeted cyclists (8%) only and mail deliverers (10%) only. While all intruding cyclists and mail deliverers were attacked, magpies did not attack all pedestrian intruders, suggesting possible discrimination within this category. Management implications for these intruder types are discussed.

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6

J. Cox, S., i J. J. Bauer. "Species interactions between the White-winged Chough and Australian Magpie in a fragmented landscape". Pacific Conservation Biology 3, nr 3 (1997): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970289.

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We studied the ecology of the White-winged Chough and its interaction with the Australian Magpie on the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, over seven months. Both species are ground foragers and significant prey overlap was assumed. Invertebrate biomass as an index of habitat quality, showed grasslands to be the most valuable of the three habitats, followed by edge and forest habitats. Magpie territories were positioned around the grasslands and therefore were of higher quality than chough territories which were dominated by forest and edge. Magpies actively exclude chough groups from most of the highly valuable grassland habitat, through repeated and persistent attacks. Despite an apparently effective defensive strategy we concluded that the chough was largely excluded from the most attractive habitat in our study area by the magpie. This study highlights the implications of species interactions on the responses of individual species to habitat fragmentation across a landscape. Implications of this study for the validity of present vertebrate habitat models, which ignore the dynamic nature of population behaviour are discussed.

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7

Veltman, Clare J., i Robert Carrick. "Male-biased dispersal in Australian magpies". Animal Behaviour 40, nr 1 (lipiec 1990): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80682-7.

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8

Linley, G. D., K. Kostoglou, R. Jit i M. A. Weston. "Australian magpies exhibit increased tolerance of aircraft noise on an airport, and are more responsive to take-off than to landing noises". Wildlife Research 45, nr 3 (2018): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18039.

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Context On airports, birds often exhibit escape behaviour in response to aircraft. Avian escape behaviours can enable birds to effectively avoid collisions with aircraft, although some are maladaptive and may increase the risk of collision (e.g. erratic flying). Habituation and habituation-like processes among birds potentially mediate the likelihood of aircraft-bird collisions. Moreover, because managers exploit avian escape behaviour to reduce bird–aircraft collision risks, habituation may decrease the efficiency of bird-hazard management. Aims Our aim was to better understand avian behavioural responses to approaching aircraft, which may inform bird-hazard management. Methods We examined the response of Australian magpie, Cracticus tibicen, a species commonly involved in collisions with aircraft, to the noise associated with take-off and landing in three areas: airside, on airport but not airside, and off airport. Key results Magpies responded to aircraft noise in a nuanced way. Take-off produced more responses, and more intense responses, than did landing; both resulted in more frequent, and more intense, responses than did a ‘silent’ control. Responses were least likely, and response latencies were longer, airside, followed by on airport but not airside, and off airport. Intensity of responses was similar across these areas. Conclusions Magpies on the airside were least responsive, and this might influence their strike risk. Implications Given that most wildlife collisions occur during take-off and landing and at low altitudes, and that take-off has greatest overall strike risk, the lack of responsiveness of airside-inhabiting magpies may contribute to collision risk.

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9

Finn, P. G., i J. M. Hughes. "Helping behaviour in Australian Magpies, Gymnorhina tibicen". Emu - Austral Ornithology 101, nr 1 (marzec 2001): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu00066.

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10

Gravolin, Isaac, Michelle Key i Alan Lill. "Boldness of Urban Australian Magpies and Local Traffic Volume". Avian Biology Research 7, nr 4 (grudzień 2014): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/175815514x14151981691872.

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11

Crampton, Joel, Celine Frère i Dominique Potvin. "Australian Magpies Gymnorhina tibicen cooperate to remove tracking devices". Australian Field Ornithology 39 (2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo39007011.

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Recent advances in tracking technology have enabled devices such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS) loggers to be used on a wide variety of birds. Although there are established ethical considerations to these processes, different species may react differently to particular devices and attachments. Thus, pilot studies are still of utmost importance in this field. Here, we describe one such study trialling a novel harness design for GPS tracking devices on Australian Magpies Gymnorhina tibicen. Despite previous testing demonstrating the strength and durability of the harness, devices were removed within minutes to hours of initial fitting. Notably, removal was observed to involve one bird snapping another bird’s harness at the only weak point, such that the tracker was released. This behaviour demonstrates both cooperation and a moderate level of problem solving, providing potential further evidence of the cognitive abilities of this species. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the conspecific removal of GPS trackers, and should be considered when planning future tracking studies especially on highly social species.

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12

Connelly, Farley, Robin D. Johnsson, Anne E. Aulsebrook, Raoul A. Mulder, Michelle L. Hall, Alexei L. Vyssotski i John A. Lesku. "Urban noise restricts, fragments, and lightens sleep in Australian magpies". Environmental Pollution 267 (grudzień 2020): 115484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115484.

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13

Silvestri, Annabel, Kate Morgan i Amanda R. Ridley. "The association between evidence of a predator threat and responsiveness to alarm calls in Western Australian magpies (Cracticus tibicen dorsalis)". PeerJ 7 (26.08.2019): e7572. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7572.

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Alarm calls are a widespread form of antipredator defence and being alerted to the presence of predators by the alarm calls of conspecifics is considered one of the benefits of group living. However, while social information can allow an individual to gain additional information, it can also at times be inaccurate or irrelevant. Such variation in the accuracy of social information is predicted to select for receivers to discriminate between sources of social information. In this study, we used playback experiments to determine whether Western Australian magpies (Cracticus tibicen dorsalis) respond to the predator information associated with alarm calls. Magpies were exposed to the alarm calls of two group members that differed in the threat associated with the alarm call: one call was played in the presence of a predator model while the other was not—in order to establish differences in the predator information provided by each caller. We then played back the alarm calls of the same group members in the absence of the predator model to determine whether magpies responded differently to signallers in response to the previous association between the alarm call and a predator threat. We found that receivers showed significantly greater levels of responsiveness to signallers that previously gave alarm calls in the appropriate context. Thus, the accuracy of threat-based information influenced subsequent receiver response.

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14

Martin, GR, WE Kirkpatrick, DR King, ID Robertson, PJ Hood i JR Sutherland. "Assessment of the Potential Toxicity of an Anticoagulant, Pindone (2-Pivalyl-1,3-Indandione), to Some Australian Birds." Wildlife Research 21, nr 1 (1994): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940085.

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The sensitivity of a number of avian species to the rabbit poison pindone (2-pivalyl-1,3-indandione) was investigated using increase of prothrombin time (PT) as an index of poisoning. Daily dose levels of pindone were 0.25 mg/kg for eagles, 4.0 mg/kg for magpies and 5.0 mg/kg for pigeons, parrots and ducks. Considerable species variation in response was observed, and within each species there was considerable individual variation in response to pindone. The PTs of magpies and ducks increased to approximately twice baseline levels. Significant elevations (4- to 7-fold) occurred in parrots, pigeons and eagles. Clinical symptoms were observed in only one species, the wedge-tailed eagle. Results of dosing trials indicate that all species tested are theoretically at risk of pindone poisoning, although the risk to some species is minimised by factors such as population size, food availability and bait placement.

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15

Connelly, Farley, Michelle L. Hall, Robin D. Johnsson, Shona Elliot-Kerr, Belinda R. Dow, John A. Lesku i Raoul A. Mulder. "Urban noise does not affect cognitive performance in wild Australian magpies". Animal Behaviour 188 (czerwiec 2022): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.03.021.

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Kaplan, Gisela. "Audition and Hemispheric Specialization in Songbirds and New Evidence from Australian Magpies". Symmetry 9, nr 7 (28.06.2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym9070099.

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Blackburn, Grace, Ethan Broom, Benjamin J. Ashton, Alex Thornton i Amanda R. Ridley. "Heat stress inhibits cognitive performance in wild Western Australian magpies, Cracticus tibicen dorsalis". Animal Behaviour 188 (czerwiec 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.03.016.

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Ashton, Benjamin J., Amanda R. Ridley, Emily K. Edwards i Alex Thornton. "Cognitive performance is linked to group size and affects fitness in Australian magpies". Nature 554, nr 7692 (luty 2018): 364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature25503.

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Warne, Rowena M., Darryl N. Jones i Lee B. Astheimer. "Attacks on humans by Australian Magpies (Cracticus tibicen): territoriality, brood-defence or testosterone?" Emu - Austral Ornithology 110, nr 4 (grudzień 2010): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu10027.

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Dutour, Mylène, i Amanda R. Ridley. "Females sing more often and at higher frequencies than males in Australian magpies". Behavioural Processes 172 (marzec 2020): 104045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104045.

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Deng, Chao, Gisela Kaplan i Lesley J. Rogers. "Similarity of the song nuclei of male and female Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen)". Behavioural Brain Research 123, nr 1 (sierpień 2001): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00200-5.

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VELTMAN, CLARE J. "Flock, pair and group living lifestyles without cooperative breeding by Australian Magpies Gymnorhina tibicen". Ibis 131, nr 4 (3.04.2008): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1989.tb04795.x.

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Baker, Andrew M., Peter B. Mather i Jane M. Hughes. "Population genetic structure of Australian magpies: evidence for regional differences in juvenile dispersal behaviour". Heredity 85, nr 2 (2000): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.2000.00733.x.

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Taylor, Brendan D., i Ross L. Goldingay. "Wildlife road-kills on three major roads in north-eastern New South Wales". Wildlife Research 31, nr 1 (2004): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01110.

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Although vehicle-induced mortality of wildlife is well known on roads throughout Australia, few empirical studies describe the extent of this mortality or assess the potential effects on wildlife populations. We recorded 529 roadkills of 53 vertebrate species along a 100-km circuit of three major roads during 20 weekly surveys across winter, spring and summer. This equates to 0.3 road-kills km–1 week–1 or one road-kill every 3.8 km week–1. The most frequently killed native species were the northern brown bandicoot (4 per week), the mountain brushtail possum (2 per week) and the Australian magpie (2 per week). These values are underestimates because our survey technique could not detect all road-kills and ~40% of those left on the roadside disappeared within 7�days. Detailed study of the local population of the brown bandicoot is needed to determine whether such a level of road mortality is sustainable.A logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether any of 10 road and landscape attributes were closely associated with the presence of specific groups of road-kills. Bandicoots were not associated with any measured attributes. Possums were more likely to occur along roads on mid-slopes and ridge-tops. Magpies were associated with roads on ridge-tops. Canopy-dwelling birds were more likely to be killed on 3-lane roads surrounded by dense vegetation.Road-kill surveys such as this are needed to identify species for which road mortality is unsustainable, to determine the influence on threatened species, and to identify important crossing points where road-kills are high. The frequency of road-kill of many ground-dwelling or arboreal mammal species in this study highlights the importance of impact mitigation by road authorities.

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25

Koboroff, A., G. Kaplan i LJ Rogers. "Clever strategists: Australian Magpies vary mobbing strategies, not intensity, relative to different species of predator". PeerJ 1 (19.03.2013): e56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.56.

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VELTMAN, CLARE J., i ROBERT E. HICKSON. "Predation by Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen) on pasture invertebrates: Are non-territorial birds less successful?" Austral Ecology 14, nr 3 (wrzesień 1989): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1989.tb01440.x.

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Kaplan, Gisela. "Pointing gesture in a bird- merely instrumental or a cognitively complex behavior?" Current Zoology 57, nr 4 (1.08.2011): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/57.4.453.

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Abstract Gestures, particularly pointing, are regarded as important pre-speech acts. Intentional and referential pointing has been shown previously in humans and apes but not in songbirds, although some avian species show cognitive abilities rivaling those of apes, and their brain structures and functions show putative preconditions for referential gestural signaling (i.e. mirror neurons, links of vocal learning nuclei to discrete brain areas active during limb and body movements). The results reported are based on trials testing predator detection and responses to a taxidermic model of a wedge-tailed eagle by Australian magpies Gymnorhina tibicen. Magpies were subjected to three conditions of finding this model in their territory (open, sheltered and hidden). In the sheltered and hidden conditions, the discoverer simultaneously engaged in alarm calls and beak pointing, a behavior that has not been described previously. Other group members at once assembled and, after watching the first bird, adopted the same posture by pointing to the location of the intruder. The question is whether beak and body movements orienting towards important stimuli or events are instances of arousal, imitation or intentional communication. The latter presupposes that onlookers interpret the signal and respond by altering their own behavior appropriate to the original stimulus and not merely by imitating the first signaler. Evidence presented here indicates that the act of pointing may well be a complex cognitive behavior, i.e., an intentional and referential signal, showing that pointing is not limited to having hands and arms.

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Dobson, Ana E., Daniel J. Schmidt i Jane M. Hughes. "Heritability of plumage colour morph variation in a wild population of promiscuous, long-lived Australian magpies". Heredity 123, nr 3 (25.03.2019): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41437-019-0212-4.

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Koboroff, Adam, Gisela Kaplan i Lesley J. Rogers. "Hemispheric specialization in Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen) shown as eye preferences during response to a predator". Brain Research Bulletin 76, nr 3 (czerwiec 2008): 304–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.02.015.

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Morgan, D., J. R. Waas i J. Innes. "The relative importance of Australian magpies(Gymnorhina tibicen)as nest predators of rural birds in New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Zoology 33, nr 1 (styczeń 2006): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2006.9518427.

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O'LEARY, REBECCA, i DARRYL N. JONES. "The use of supplementary foods by Australian magpies Gymnorhina tibicen: Implications for wildlife feeding in suburban environments". Austral Ecology 31, nr 2 (kwiecień 2006): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01583.x.

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Hughes, J. M., P. B. Mather, A. Toon, J. Ma, I. Rowley i E. Russell. "High levels of extra‐group paternity in a population of Australian magpies Gymnorhina tibicen : evidence from microsatellite analysis". Molecular Ecology 12, nr 12 (17.11.2003): 3441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01997.x.

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Kaplan, Gisela, i Lesley J. Rogers. "Stability of referential signalling across time and locations: testing alarm calls of Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen) in urban and rural Australia and in Fiji". PeerJ 1 (23.07.2013): e112. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.112.

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MORGAN, DAI, JOSEPH R. WAAS i JOHN INNES. "Do territorial and non-breeding Australian Magpies Gymnorhina tibicen influence the local movements of rural birds in New Zealand?" Ibis 148, nr 2 (13.04.2006): 330–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.2006.00545.x.

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Kaplan, Gisela. "Alarm calls and referentiality in Australian magpies: Between midbrain and forebrain, can a case be made for complex cognition?" Brain Research Bulletin 76, nr 3 (czerwiec 2008): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.02.006.

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Ashton, Benjamin J., Alex Thornton i Amanda R. Ridley. "An intraspecific appraisal of the social intelligence hypothesis". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, nr 1756 (13.08.2018): 20170288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0288.

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The prevailing hypotheses for the evolution of cognition focus on either the demands associated with group living (the social intelligence hypothesis (SIH)) or ecological challenges such as finding food. Comparative studies testing these hypotheses have generated highly conflicting results; consequently, our understanding of the drivers of cognitive evolution remains limited. To understand how selection shapes cognition, research must incorporate an intraspecific approach, focusing on the causes and consequences of individual variation in cognition. Here, we review the findings of recent intraspecific cognitive research to investigate the predictions of the SIH. Extensive evidence from our own research on Australian magpies ( Cracticus tibicen dorsalis ), and a number of other taxa, suggests that individuals in larger social groups exhibit elevated cognitive performance and, in some cases, elevated reproductive fitness. Not only do these findings demonstrate how the social environment has the potential to shape cognitive evolution, but crucially, they demonstrate the importance of considering both genetic and developmental factors when attempting to explain the causes of cognitive variation. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Causes and consequences of individual differences in cognitive abilities’.

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Schmidt, L. G., S. D. Bradshaw i B. K. Follett. "Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone and androgens in relation to age and breeding status among cooperatively breeding Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen latham)". General and Comparative Endocrinology 83, nr 1 (lipiec 1991): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(91)90104-e.

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L'Herpiniere, Kiara L., Louis G. O'Neill, Andrew F. Russell, Daisy Englert Duursma i Simon C. Griffith. "Unscrambling variation in avian eggshell colour and patterning in a continent-wide study". Royal Society Open Science 6, nr 1 (styczeń 2019): 181269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181269.

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The evolutionary drivers underlying marked variation in the pigmentation of eggs within many avian species remains unclear. The leading hypotheses proposed to explain such variation advocate the roles of genetic differences, signalling and/or structural integrity. One means of testing among these hypotheses is to capitalize on museum collections of eggs obtained throughout a broad geographical range of a species to ensure sufficient variation in predictors pertaining to each hypothesis. Here, we measured coloration and patterning in eggs from 272 clutches of Australian magpies ( Cracticus tibicen ) collected across most of their geographical range of ca 7 million km 2 ; encompassing eight subspecies, variation in environmental parameters, and the presence/absence of a brood parasite. We found considerable variation in background colour, as well as in the extent and distribution of patterning across eggs. There was little evidence that this variation was explained by subspecies or the contemporary presence of a brood parasite. However, measures of maximum temperature, leaf area index and soil calcium all contributed to variation in egg appearance, although their explanatory power was relatively low. Our results suggest that multiple factors combine to influence egg appearance in this species, and that even in species with highly variable eggs, coloration is not readily explained.

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Hunter, Mary Ann. "Anxious Futures: Magpie2 and ‘New Generationalism’ in Australian Youth-Specific Theatre". Theatre Research International 26, nr 1 (marzec 2001): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883301000074.

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The field of contemporary youth-specific theatre in Australia is one of change and, in some cases, anxiety. While Drama Studies continue to grow in popularity in schools, previously conventional developmental paradigms have become less mandatory for theatre for, by, and about young people outside the school context. Instead, ‘new generation’ approaches in youth-specific performance are placing greater value on young people's own preferences in cultural activity. Yet this development is being tempered and further complicated by a cultural ‘generationalism’, particularly in larger arts organizations as the youth sector becomes a more integral part of marketing strategies for the future. The resulting ambiguity in the representation, value, and positioning of young people and youth-specific arts in Australia's theatre industry is considered by focusing on Magpie2, a former youth-specific company attached to the State Theatre Company of South Australia. Magpie2 ceased operation in 1998 after experimenting with a ‘new generation’ approach to theatre for young people in the State Theatre realm. Both the artistic policy of Magpie2 Director, Benedict Andrews, and the critical reception of his two productions in 1997, Future Tense and Features of Blown Youth, demonstrate how competing systems of cultural value characterize the field of youth-specific theatre in Australia.

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Krohn, Jack. "Kleptoparasitism of Australian Magpie by Australian Ravens". Australian Field Ornithology 33 (2016): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo33167168.

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Dawson, Terence J., Peter J. Whitehead, Adam McLean, F. D. Fanning i William R. Dawson. "Digestive function in Australian magpie geese (Anseranas semipalmata)". Australian Journal of Zoology 48, nr 3 (2000): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo00011.

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The Australian magpie goose (Anseranas semipalmata) is not really a ‘goose’ but an aberrant species representing the monotypic family Anseranatidae. It is herbivorous but its ability to utilise dietary fibre is uncertain. We examined digestive processes in tame birds fed natural forages in metabolism cages and in wild birds. An examination of the gross anatomy of the gut showed features similar to those in waterfowl of the family Anatidae, the true ducks and geese. In a total-collection feeding trial geese were fed either unhusked rice grain or fresh aquatic grass. The aquatic grass was high in fibre (neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was 74% of dry matter) and magpie geese could not maintain energy or nitrogen balance on this feed. The maintenance energy requirement of the caged magpie geese, as estimated on the rice diet, was 573 kJ kg–1 day–1, which was similar to that found for other species of geese. The maintenance nitrogen requirement was 0.44 g N kg–1 day–1 or 0.52 g N kg–0.75 day–1, which also was similar to the average value for birds. Fibre digestion on both diets was small, 19% and 27% of NDF for rice and grass respectively. Rates of passage of fibrous digesta through the gut of magpie geese varied with diet. The mean retention time for fibre was longer when feeding on the aquatic grass than on unhusked grain, 7.7 3.0 h v. 3.7 0.6 h Data from wild magpie geese clarified the process of digestion. The patterns of pH and short-chain fatty acids along the gut pointed to acid and enzymic digestion occurring in most of the tract, down to the ileocaecal junction. Fermentation appeared restricted to the caeca, rectum and cloaca, though, of note, the caeca contained little fibre, 5% NDF. Higher levels of fibre digestion were indicated in wild geese but fibre still was not a major contributor to the energy intake of these birds. The digestive capabilities of the magpie geese were considered in relation to their impact on the feeding and reproductive biology of these ‘geese’ in monsoonal, northern Australia

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Peisley, Rebecca K., Manu E. Saunders i Gary W. Luck. "Providing perches for predatory and aggressive birds appears to reduce the negative impact of frugivorous birds in vineyards". Wildlife Research 44, nr 4 (2017): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr17028.

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Context Birds active in vineyards in south-eastern Australia can reduce or enhance crop yields via their foraging activities (e.g. by consuming grapes or by preying on grape-eating species). Aims We examined the effectiveness of artificial perches in encouraging predatory birds into vineyards to scare frugivorous birds and consequently reduce the damage they cause to grapes. Methods We monitored 12 artificial perches for 4 months during the growing season, spread over six vineyards in north-eastern Victoria, and compared bird damage to grapes at these sites with control sites without perches. Key results We found that raptors did not use the artificial perches. However, the large and aggressive Australian magpie (Cracticus tibicen) commonly used perches and we recorded 38513 perch visits by this species. Grapevines around perch sites suffered >50% less grape damage (4.13% damage per bunch) than control sites (8.57% damage per bunch). Conclusions Our results suggest that providing artificial perches in vineyards can play a role in reducing frugivore damage to grapes. However, the effectiveness of perches can vary under different environmental conditions and certain perch types are not suitable for all predatory or aggressive birds. Implications Future research should focus on the potential role of large-bodied and competitively aggressive species such as the Australian magpie in altering the activity of smaller frugivorous birds in vineyards, and also on the optimum height and location of artificial perches within vineyards to increase visitation by other predatory or aggressive bird species.

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Aston, Helen I. "Communal Breeding by the Australian Magpie-lark". Emu - Austral Ornithology 88, nr 2 (czerwiec 1988): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9880112.

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Suthers, Roderick A., J. Martin Wild i Gisela Kaplan. "Mechanisms of song production in the Australian magpie". Journal of Comparative Physiology A 197, nr 1 (18.09.2010): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-010-0585-6.

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Hoffman, A. M., P. E. Robakiewicz, E. M. Tuttle i L. J. Rogers. "Behavioural lateralisation in the Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen)". Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition 11, nr 2 (marzec 2006): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13576500500376674.

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Baker, Myron C. "Information Content in Chorus Songs of the Group-Living Australian Magpie (Cracticus tibicen dorsalis) in Western Australia". Ethology 115, nr 3 (marzec 2009): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01606.x.

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Wilkinson, Kevin, i Grant Palmer. "Ambient light energy intensity as a trigger for the dawn chorus: Patterns in five common eastern Australian bird species". Australian Field Ornithology 39 (2022): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo39082088.

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The timing of the morning twilight commencement of bird song has been linked to mating, stores of food energy or territorial declarations, and is known to follow a structured, spaced order to avoid signal interference. The timing of vocalisations has been widely studied and varies with ambient and broader environmental variables, including moonlight and cloud cover. In this study, the commencement of morning song for five common species (Masked Lapwing Vanellus miles, Australian King- Parrot Alisterus scapularis, Lewin’s Honeyeater Meliphaga lewinii, Eastern Yellow Robin Eopsaltria australis and Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen) and the relationship with light energy intensity were investigated on the New South Wales Midnorth Coast, eastern Australia. It was determined that each species responded to a specific threshold light intensity as a trigger to commence singing. The timing of song commencement aligned with shifts in the required threshold light level, which was influenced by environmental variables such as moonlight (earlier) and cloudiness (later for some species). It is proposed that the structured routine of the first song of some birds, during nautical twilight, is a result of evolutionary variations in their eye structure, resulting in varying perceptions of the first morning light from the sky, leading to species commencing singing at different times.

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Harrington, Helèna, Audrey Miller, Sarah Mcdowell, Amy Rogers, Joanne Panagos i Jasmine Ferguson. "Use of Stereo Duet Playback to Investigate Traditional Duet Playback Methods and Mechanisms of Cooperative Territorial Defence in Magpie-Larks". Behaviour 141, nr 6 (2004): 741–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539042245169.

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AbstractDuets are precisely coordinated acoustic displays, usually involving members of a mated pair. Studies investigating avian duet function often employ a single speaker playback system to compare response of focal pairs to simulated territorial intrusion by duetting and solo birds. It has recently been suggested that a 'stereo duet playback', in which male and female duet components are separated and broadcast through two different speakers, would provide a more realistic duet stimulus. We conduct the first comparison of a traditional single speaker versus a new stereo duet playback design and provide evidence that Australian magpie-larks, Grallina cyanoleuca, make significantly more flights towards duet playback presented in a more realistic stereo context. Male and female magpie-lark pairs did not split up and attack one 'intruder' each when presented with a stereo duet playback. Instead they moved towards the same speaker together as a united pair, showing a tendency to approach the speaker initiating the duet intrusion. Distance between the two speakers in a stereo duet design did not have a significant effect on the response variables measured. We conclude that magpie-larks can distinguish between use of a single speaker or stereo duet playback to broadcast a duet and suggest that cooperative defence against duetting intruders in magpie-larks is a result of joint territorial defence rather than intraspecific aggression against same-sex intruders.

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Steele, William K., i Michael A. Weston. "The assemblage of birds struck by aircraft differs among nearby airports in the same bioregion". Wildlife Research 48, nr 5 (2021): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr20127.

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Abstract ContextBird–aircraft collisions impose an economic cost and safety risk, yet ecological studies that inform bird hazard management are few, and to date no study has formally compared species’ strike profiles across airports. In response to strike risks, airports have implemented customised management on an airport-by-airport basis, based on the assumption that strike risk stems from prevailing local circumstances. We tested this assumption by comparing a decade of wildlife–aircraft strikes at three airports situated in the same bioregion (likely to have similar fauna) of Victoria, Australia. AimTo compare the assemblage of wildlife struck by aircraft at three major airports in the same bioregion. MethodStandardised wildlife strike data were analysed from three airports (Avalon, Melbourne and Essendon Airports), in the Victorian Volcanic Plains bioregion, central Victoria, Australia. Ten discrete 1-year sampling periods from each airport were compared, spanning the period 2009–19. Bird data were comparable, and data on mammals were considered less reliable, so emphasis was placed on birds in the present study. ResultsIn total, 580 bird strikes were analysed, with the most commonly struck species being Australian magpie (Cracticus tibicen; 16.7%), Eurasian skylark (Alauda arvensis; 12.2%), Australian pipit (Anthus australis; 12.1%), masked lapwing (Vanellus miles; 5.9%), nankeen kestrel (Falco cenchroides; 5.0%), house sparrow (Passer domesticus; 4.8%), welcome swallow (Hirundo neoxena; 4.3%) and tree martin (Petrochelidon nigricans; 4.0%). The assemblage of birds struck by aircraft over the decade of study differed between airports. The most commonly struck species drove the assemblage differences between airports. Conclusions and implicationsIn the present study system, airports experienced discrete strike risk profiles, even though they are in the same bioregion. The airports examined differed in terms of air traffic movement rates, aircraft types, landscape context and bird hazard management effort. Given that strike risks profiles differ among airports, customised management at each airport, as is currently the case, is supported.

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Hall, M. L., i R. D. Magrath. "Duetting and mate-guarding in Australian magpie-larks ( Grallina cyanoleuca)". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 47, nr 3 (1.02.2000): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050009.

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