Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Australian domestic money market”
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Johnson, Trent E., i Susan E. P. Bastian. "A fine wine instrument – an alternative for segmenting the Australian wine market". International Journal of Wine Business Research 27, nr 3 (17.08.2015): 182–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-04-2014-0020.
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Purpose – The purpose of the study was to devise an instrument, labelled the Fine Wine Instrument (FWI), to measure the fine wine behaviour of respondents and then use that base to segment the consumer sample. The behaviour of those respondents who scored highly on the FWI was examined in detail. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey collected quantitative information from a convenience sample of Australian wine consumers (n = 1,017). Using the FWI as the segmentation base, cluster analysis identified three segments of consumers, denoted “Wine Enthusiasts”, “Aspirants” and “No Frills” wine drinkers, and their respective wine-related behaviours were examined. Findings – The Wine Enthusiasts’ segment consumed more wine, spent more money on wine and were more knowledgeable about wine than the other two segments. The demographics of the Wine Enthusiasts’ segment indicated that the members were not consistent with the conventional view of wine connoisseurs, as many were under the age of 35. Their lifetime value to the wine industry was highlighted along with potential targeting strategies. Some structural elements of the Australian domestic wine market were also noted. Practical implications – A segmentation base of a wine market is presented, which the authors argue provides a more sophisticated analysis than other commonly used segmentation bases. Originality/value – This study was the first to segment the Australian market using the recently developed FWI. The study provides the latest information on this market and deeper consumer insights that may permit better business-to-consumer engagement.
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Rai Utama, I. Gusti Bagus. "THE SEGMENTATION OF VISITOR TANAH LOT TOURISM ATTRACTION". IJBE (Integrated Journal of Business and Economics) 2, nr 2 (4.06.2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/ijbe.v2i2.74.
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Tanah Lot Tourism Attraction (TLTA) is located on the South Coast of Bali Island precisely in the area of Beraban Village, Kediri District, Tabanan Regency, Bali. This research is quantitative descriptive method which sample is chosen based on purposive sampling technique, foreign and also domestic tourists who visit at time total 337 respondents. The statistical analyzed indicated that the domestic visitor segment is higher than the foreign visitor segment, this also indicate that domestic visitor is a potential target market for the products produced by local entrepreneurs in TLTA. Survey based on demography variable shows that the number of female visitor are more compared to male, dominantly by age group from 21 to 30 years old and most of them are students, and respondents educational level visit to TLTA are dominantly bachelor graduates. The geography variable shows that tourists visit to TLTA dominantly by domestics, followed by South Korea, Australia, and other countries.The psychograph variable, shows that dominant tourist visit because sunset and the nature of beauty view offered by Tanah Lot and mostly are repeater guests, received information from many sources. Their visit duration mostly between one to two hours, mostly they visit by rented car in the afternoon for sunset and the total amount of money spent between fifty thousand to one hundred thousand Rupiah, also the total amount of money spent during their visit is dominantly between five hundred to one million Rupiah per day. Chi-Square Tests indicated that there is correlation between group age, tourist occupation, and education level toward the motivation of visit to TLTA.
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SMIRNOV, Valerii V. "Analyzing the consistency of the dynamics of the Russian financial capital components". Finance and Credit 27, nr 4 (29.04.2021): 851–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.27.4.851.
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Subject. The article discusses financial capital issues. Objectives. The study determines the consistency of the dynamics of the Russian financial capital components. Methods. The study is based on the systems approach and methods of statistical, neural network and cluster analysis. Results. I analyze the dynamics of rates, such as USD/RUB, RGBI, RTSI, SBER, IMOEX, and discovered the speculative behavior of financial capital holders (IMOEX, USD/RUB, SBER) in the domestic (RGBI) and external (RTSI) market. Analyzing the importance of growth rates of GDP and its constituents, I found the State prioritized the regulation of the GDP deflator (The Central Bank – inflation targeting), considering a growth in governmental expenditures and the decreased importance of growth rates of GDP and households’ consumption expenditures, as the import of goods and services gets more important. The high importance of rates of growth in the export of goods and services is identical to Australia, Estonia and Columbia. Corporate relationships of the Central Bank and financial corporations focus on the regulation of money supply and currency outside financial corporations and internal claims. The relationships strengthen as the monetary policy get more concentrated on net claims to the central government and inflation targeting. Conclusions and Relevance. The scope of consistency of trends in the Russian financial capital components allows public authorities to regulate a growth in the corporate relations of the Central Bank and financial corporations in order to curb the speculative behavior of financial capital holders. The findings hereof contribute to the knowledge and competence of officials of the Russian Government and the Federal Antimonopoly Services with respect to systemic decisions on control over financial transactions.
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Nayak, Shibananda, i Mirza Allim Baig. "International reserves and domestic money market disequilibrium". International Journal of Emerging Markets 14, nr 5 (2.12.2019): 1081–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-10-2018-0536.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the likely determinants of the demand for official international reserves (hereafter reserves) for India and China in the long run in a basic buffer stock model. The paper also examines the role of domestic money market disequilibrium in the short-run demand for official reserves for both the countries in a dynamic synthesis model. Design/methodology/approach The study used quarterly data for the time period 1993:Q1–2015:Q4. The long-run model is being estimated by following the Frenkel–Jovanovic (1981) buffer stock model and includes the determinants such as transaction motive variable (GDP or Imports), opportunity cost variable (domestic interest rate), precautionary motive variable (volatility of reserves) and exchange rate. The study also examined the role of domestic money market disequilibrium in addition to the above variables in the short-run reserve demand model. The money market disequilibrium term is expected to be negative and significant in the short run. The study employed autoregressive distributed lag bound testing approach to co-integration and unrestricted error-correction model (UECM) approach developed by Pesaran et al. (2001) for estimating the long-run and short-run models, respectively. Findings The co-integration test suggests the existence of long-run relationship between international reserves and its determinants. In the long run, all the variables are statistically significant with expected sign, except domestic interest rate variable for China. It is also found that, the money market disequilibrium term in the short run is negative and significant which validates that an excessive money demand (supply) induces an inflow (outflow) of international reserves for both India and China with a lag of four quarters. The recursive residual tests (CUSUM and CUSUMSQ) confirm the stability of both long-run and short-run reserve demand models. Practical implications The findings and policy implications of this study may be useful for the policy makers of the similar emerging economies for designing money and currency policies. Originality/value This paper is a comparative study which systematically analyzed the reserve demand behavior of the two emerging economies India and China. The study integrates the domestic money market with the international reserve demand behavior for these two economies.
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Umasom, Philip. "Money Market Instruments and Nigeria Inflation Rate: A Time Series Study". Asian Finance & Banking Review 2, nr 2 (10.08.2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/asfbr.v2i2.11.
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This study empirically examined the effectiveness of money market instruments on Nigerian inflation rate. The objective is to investigate the existing relationship between money market instruments and Nigerian inflation rate, data was sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin. Multivariate model were formulated having Inflation Rate (INFR) as the function of Percentage of Treasury Bills to Gross Domestic Product (TB/GDP), Percentage of Stabilization Securities to Gross Domestic Product (STS/GDP), Percentage of Treasury Certificate to Gross Domestic Product (TC/GDP), Percentage of Eligible Development Stock to Gross Domestic Product (EDS/GDP), Percentage of Central Bank of Nigeria Short Term Fund to Gross Domestic Product (CBNSF/GDP) and Percentage of Call Money Scheme to Gross Domestic Product (CMS/GDP). The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) properties of co integration, Augmented Dickey Fuller Unit Root, Granger Causality Test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) were employed to determine the relationship between the money market instruments and Nigerian inflation rate. Findings revealed that money market instruments are statistically significant in explaining variation in Nigerian inflation rate. We therefore recommend that the money market should well be structured, properly managed and its operational efficiency enhanced to achieve the monetary policy objective of price stability.
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Hart, GE. "DEREGULATION OF THE AUSTRALIAN OIL MARKET". APPEA Journal 26, nr 1 (1986): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj85006.
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The marketing of domestic crude oil has been regulated by the Federal Government since production began in the early 1960's. In late 1984 the Government decided, after an extensive review, to partially deregulate immediately and to move to a substantially deregulated domestic oil market by 1988.After only four months of the new arrangements the Government announced a further review claiming that changes in international and domestic market conditions had led to calls from the industry to accelerate the move to deregulation. The Government would also have been influenced by the public perception that rising petrol prices were a result of government policies.Deregulation would directly affect the prices and consumption patterns for domestic crude oils. Indirect effects would include changes to domestic oil exploration activity, the competitiveness of product imports, regional product prices, the viability of some Australian refineries and coastal shipping activity.The diverse positions taken during the mid 1985 review reflected differing assessments of the consequences of deregulation and differing impacts on interested parties. Large fuel users such as primary producers and motorists favoured deregulation in the hope of lower prices. Oil producers were split, with the small producers generally opposing deregulation and the two large producers favouring it under most conditions. Refiners too were split, with the majority favouring deregulation. Refinery and shipping unions were opposed for fear of job losses.The Government decided to halt the move toward deregulation but to review the position again in 1987. In preparation for that review the industry should work hard at improving and communicating its understanding of the complex implications of this vital issue.
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Usman, Bahtiar, Febrianto Dias Chandra i Syofriza Syofyan. "DETERMINANT OF INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT BOND ‘YIELD’ IN DOMESTIC PRIMARY MARKET". Media Ekonomi 28, nr 2 (30.05.2021): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/me.v28i2.9016.
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This study aims to analyze determinants which might influenced yield of Indonesian Government Bond Denominated-Rupiah in primary market. We divide the determinant by three factors (i.e intrinsic factor, extrinsic domestic factor and extrinsic globar factor). Multiple regression using to analyze colinearity among variables in this study. The results showed that bond maturity, bond coupon rate, bond price in secondary market, bond performance in market, inflation rate, currency, money and stock domestic market condition, and money and bond global market condition are significantly affected Indonesian government bond yield in primary market.
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Gramm, Marshall, C. Nicholas McKinney i Randall E. Parker. "Late Money and Betting Market Efficiency: Evidence from Australia". Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 10, nr 2 (28.10.2016): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v10i2.1246.
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This paper examines the empirical importance of late money on market efficiency in horse race gambling. Our inquiry into the effect of late money on parimutuel pools uses data from Australian thoroughbred horse races over the entire 2006 racing season and includes every race at all thoroughbred tracks. This amounts to 14,854 races with an average of 10.37 starters per race. The evidence overwhelmingly supports the hypotheses that late money is smart money and late money improves market efficiency.
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Doyme, Khan, Lynnette Dray, Aidan O’Sullivan i Andreas Schäfer. "Simulating Airline Behavior: Application for the Australian Domestic Market". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, nr 2 (luty 2019): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119826533.
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This paper demonstrates the ability of a model, which simulates competition between airlines in a domestic aviation market, to accurately reproduce real-world behavior. The Australian market was chosen as a test case as it is a geographically isolated region with significant demand and complexity, including one of the busiest routes in the world, where connecting international passengers do not significantly skew the market. The model is based on an n-player noncooperative game, in which each airline represents a player within the game. The primary assumption is that each airline attempts to maximize profits by adjusting the decision variables of airfares, flight frequency, and choice of aircraft on routes within its network. The approach works iteratively, allowing each airline to respond to the decisions made by other airlines during each successive optimization. The model is said to reach convergence when there is no significant change in any airline’s profit from one iteration to the next. Once this occurs, the predictions of each airline’s decision variables can be compared with real data. The model gives highly detailed predictions of airline specific airfares, flight frequencies on segments, passenger flows, and airline market share, which strongly correlate with observed values.
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Muhamad Yusuf, Noor Hafizha, Natasha Aliana Muhamad Hilmi, Wan Mohd Yaseer Mohd Abdoh, Rozihanim Shekh Zain i Noor Sharida Badri Shah. "Determinants of Macroeconomic Variables on Islamic Stock Index: Evidence from Frontier Market". Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship 5, nr 1 (30.06.2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v5i1.14288.
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This paper provides useful insights on the determinants of macroeconomic variables on Islamic stock index evidence from frontier market. The aims of this study is to examine the effect of macroeconomic variables namely gross domestic product (GDP), inflation (consumer price index), exchange rate (USD exchange rate), oil price (crude palm oil) and money supply (M2) on frontier market Islamic index (FMII). This study employs Fixed Effect (FE) model of 17 countries listed under FMII. The study cover a ten (10) years period from 2008 until 2017. The study have shown significant relationship between inflation, money supply and exchange rate with FMII and managed to reject null hypotheses for the three variables. Inflation and exchange rate is negatively related with FMII while money supply, gross domestic product and oil price is positively related to FMII. However, the study fails to find any significant relationship between gross domestic product and oil price with FMII. The findings of this study will provide better understanding on the frontier market and helps to improve their performance. Therefore, it can encourage countries in frontier market to be able to compete and achieve similar advancement as countries in developed and emerging market did.
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Morhachov, Illia, Olga Chorna, Olshanskyi Oleksandr, Andrii Martynov, Ievgen Ovcharenko, Olena Khandii i Yevhen Ivchenko. "The Reasons for the Growth of the US Stock Market". European Journal of Sustainable Development 11, nr 1 (1.02.2022): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2022.v11n1p124.
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Sustained economic growth as well as the reasons for this growth are fundamental and important issues in economic theory. The article considers the hypothesis regarding the influence of these two factors on the growth of the United States stock market: the country's gross domestic product as well as the money supply in various aggregators. The purpose of the work is to determine the reasons for the growth of the United States stock market. The following methods were used to determine the influence of the gross domestic product and the money supply on the corresponding stock market, namely, the correlation-regression and graphical analysis as well as the comparison of average annual growth rates. It has been discovered that in order to objectively find out the causal relationship between the factors, it is important to use such methods through the integrated approach. As a result, it has been observed that the fluctuations in the gross domestic product of the USA do not significantly affect those in the stock market of the country. On the contrary, the economic and mathematical models of the S & P-500 stock index and the money supply are similar. The corresponding similarity allowed the authors to substantiate the existence of a significant impact of the change in the money supply on the dynamics of its stock market. In turn, the reason for the growth of this index is a significant reduction in the key rate, which results in cheaper prices for credits.
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Ibragimova, Dilyara, i Alya Guseva. "Who Is in Charge of Family Finances in the Russian Two-Earner Households?" Journal of Family Issues 38, nr 17 (30.12.2015): 2425–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x15623588.
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Using a recent representative survey and supplemental interviews, we investigate household money management and domestic power dynamics in contemporary Russian two-partner families. During the Soviet period, it was women who typically managed household money. Today, while 45.6% of contemporary Russian two-partner households pool money and manage it jointly, and in about a quarter of families women are in charge, families with men in control of domestic money are on the rise among more affluent spouses who have been married for less than 20 years. While previous work finds evidence for the feminization of poverty in the postcommunist region, we underscore the otherwise hidden aspects of inequality—gendered access to household money among the relative “winners” of the transition: Younger and more affluent families. We place these changes in the context of neoliberal market reforms, including labor market and welfare policy changes and the rise of neoconservative gender ideology.
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Poynter, Fiona. "Building liquidity and transparency in the Australian east coast gas and global LNG markets". APPEA Journal 55, nr 2 (2015): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14054.
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The Australian natural gas market is undergoing a dramatic change. Queensland will start LNG production and exports at the end of this year, and this is already having an effect on the east coast’s domestic gas market. LNG ramp-up gas supplies are now exerting downwards pressure on forward prices in Queensland and to some extent in other east Australian states. LNG plant operators are ramping-up well drilling and production to ensure the smooth processing of gas feedstock for liquefaction. But the availability of this gas for the domestic market will start to fall when the first LNG plant comes on line at the end of 2014. The Argus Wallumbilla index (AWX), for month-ahead gas delivery in southeast Queensland, usefully illustrates the changing dynamics of the Australian east coast gas market and provides the industry a transparent reference point on which to base a transaction. This extended abstract provides expert insights into the interplay between the Australian LNG export and east coast domestic gas markets, as well as the pricing implications and outlook for the global LNG markets. It also aims to answer the following questions: How will liquidity develop in the Australian east coast domestic spot gas market? How will the east coast LNG spot supply picture evolve? What are the key drivers in the global LNG spot markets? How will Henry Hub pricing impact Australian LNG pricing?
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O'Brien, Martin, Abbas Valadkhani i Keith Townsend. "The Australian Labour Market in 2007". Journal of Industrial Relations 50, nr 3 (czerwiec 2008): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185608089995.
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Both global and domestic economic growth remained robust in 2007 resulting in historically low unemployment and high labour force participation in Australia. However, these favourable labour force statistics were overshadowed for much of the year by a number of other issues such as the continuing drought, high oil and petrol prices and associated inflation and interest rate pressures, a November federal election, and the first full year of the operation of the Work Choices legislation. This article will address each of these issues by presenting an analysis of the macroeconomy and labour market, and reviewing the labour market implications of the Work Choices legislation in Australia.
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Douglas, Chris. "Legal impacts on gas pricing". APPEA Journal 54, nr 2 (2014): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj13064.
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This extended abstract examines the impact of domestic reservation policies, price review mechanisms and environmental developments on the Australian gas market. The impact of LNG export pricing and the LNG oil-link pricing formula is considered in the context of the impact on domestic Australian pricing. Consideration is given to the role and impact that domestic reservation policies may have on the market going forwards, together with environmental issues arising out of CSG developments. This extended abstract draws conclusions about the future of domestic pricing mechanisms.
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Khatri, Mukti Bahadur. "Macroeconomic Influence on the Nepalese Stock Market". NRB Economic Review 31, nr 1 (1.04.2019): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nrber.v31i1.35307.
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This study examines the dynamic relationship among the stock market and macroeconomic factors such as nominal domestic variables (inflation, money supply, and interest rate), real economic activity (gross domestic product) and foreign variable (exchange rate and foreign direct investment) of Nepal. It has used Johansen and Juselius (1990) method of multivariate cointegration for the period Mid-July 1994 to Mid-July 2015. The finding of this study shows that the stock prices are positively and significantly related to money supply. Real economic activity and interest rate have insignificant and negative relationship with the stock prices. Similarly, foreign direct investment, inflation (CPI) and exchange rate with US dollar have a positive and insignificant relationship with the Nepalese stock market. Accordingly, the VEC estimates suggest that there is no significant effect of macroeconomic variables to the Nepalese stock price in the short run. In general, the presence of cointegration and causality suggest that Nepalese stock market is not efficient in both the short run and the long run.
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Hegerty, Scott W. "Money market pressure in emerging economies: International contagion versus domestic determinants". Economic Systems 36, nr 4 (grudzień 2012): 506–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2012.05.001.
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Mohammadian, Iman, Babak Abbasi, Ahmad Abareshi i Mark Goh. "Antecedents of flight delays in the Australian domestic aviation market". Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 1 (czerwiec 2019): 100007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2019.100007.
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Grubb, Farley. "Creating Maryland’s Paper Money Economy, 1720–1740: The Confluence of Political Constituencies, Economic Forces, Transatlantic Markets, and Law". Journal of Early American History 9, nr 1 (3.04.2019): 34–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00901003.
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The British North American colonies were the first western economies to rely on colony-specific legislature-issued paper money as a medium of exchange for domestic transactions. The creation of paper money regimes arose piecemeal among the colonies, making each story unique. Maryland’s story is the most complex among the colonies, since the emission of paper money resulted from an attempt to control and manipulate the tobacco market. The paper discusses how market forces, legal maneuverings, and the power of various constituencies combined to shape Maryland’s particular paper money system, assesses its successes and failures, and identifies the winners and losers among Maryland’s political classes as a result of this paper money experiment.
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TAGUCHI, Hiroyuki, i Lina TIAN. "CAPITAL FLOWS, MONEY SUPPLY AND PROPERTY PRICES IN CHINA". Theoretical and Practical Research in the Economic Fields 8, nr 2 (31.12.2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/tpref.v8.2(16).01.
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This article examines the interaction among capital flows, money supply and property prices with a focus of Chinese economy by using a vector auto-regression (VAR) estimation as an analytical framework. The key research questions were, first, whether money supply has been determined independently from capital flows, and then which factor, capital flows or money supply, has given a dominant effect on property prices. The contributions of this study are to investigate the impacts on property prices jointly from capital flows as an external factor and from money supply as a domestic factor, and to count on the differences in the trends in property prices of seventy regional cities in China. The main findings through the VAR estimations were as follows. First, domestic money supply has been determined exclusively from external capital flows through the authority’s perfect sterilization of foreign-exchange-market intervention. Second, the main contributor to property prices’ movement has been domestic money supply rather than external capital flows. Third, some deviations of property prices from the trend in money supply were found in big cities and/or coastal advanced cities.
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Brown, Christine, Viet Do i Oscar Trevarthen. "Liquidity shock management: Lessons from Australian banks". Australian Journal of Management 42, nr 4 (17.11.2016): 637–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0312896216656720.
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Prior to the 2007–2009 financial crisis, international banks had an average share of around 65% of the syndicated loan market in Australia. When the crisis hit, the resulting liquidity shock resulted in globally active international banks exiting the Australian market. With limited global operations, the major Australian banks were able to absorb and manage the liquidity shock. This resulted in domestic banks carrying a significantly greater proportion of revolving credit facilities in their syndicated loan portfolios after 2008. Domestic bank willingness and ability to deal with the market disruption and to hold a greater proportion of high liquidity risk revolvers are directly linked to the level of their transaction deposits. Their increased involvement in revolving facilities cannot be fully explained by the certification effect or flight-to-home effect. It is not demand driven and is robust to endogeneity tests.
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Agarwal, Dr Varsha. "Foreign Exchange Market and the Asset Approach". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, nr 9 (30.09.2021): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37956.
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Abstract: Exchange rates play a central role in international trade because they allow us to compare the prices of goods and services produced in different countries. A consumer deciding which of two American cars to buy must compare their dollar prices. Households and firms use exchange rates to translate foreign prices into domestic cur-rency terms. Once the money prices of domestic goods and imports have been expressed in terms of the same currency, households and firms can compute the relative prices that affect international trade flows. Keywords: Foreign Exchange, Exchange Rate, International Trade, Foreign Currency, FOREX Rate, Assets Approach.
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Niblock, Scott J., i Elisabeth Sinnewe. "Are covered calls the right option for Australian investors?" Studies in Economics and Finance 35, nr 2 (4.06.2018): 222–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-07-2016-0164.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether superior risk-adjusted returns can be generated using monthly covered call option strategies in large capitalized Australian equity portfolios and across varying market volatility conditions. Design/methodology/approach The authors construct monthly in-the-money (ITM) and out-of-the-money (OTM) S&P/ASX 20 covered call portfolios from 2010 to 2015 and use standard and alternative performance measures. An assessment of variable levels of market volatility on risk-adjusted return performance is also carried out using the spread between implied and realized volatility indexes. Findings The results of this paper show that covered call writing produces similar nominal returns at lower risk when compared against the standalone buy-and-hold portfolio. Both standard and alternative performance measures (with the exception of the upside potential ratio) demonstrate that covered call portfolios produce superior risk-adjusted returns, particularly when written deeper OTM. The 36-month rolling regressions also reveal that deeper OTM portfolios deliver greater risk-adjusted returns in the majority of the sub-periods investigated. This paper also establishes that volatility spread variation may be a driver of performance for covered call writing in Australia. Originality/value The authors suggest that deeper OTM covered call strategies based on large capitalized portfolios create value for investors/fund managers in the Australian stock market and can be executed in volatile market conditions. Such strategies are particularly useful for those seeking market neutral asset allocation and less risk exposure in volatile market environments.
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List, John A. "The Market for Charitable Giving". Journal of Economic Perspectives 25, nr 2 (1.05.2011): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.25.2.157.
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Through good and bad economic times, charitable gifts have continued to roll in largely unabated over the past half century. In a typical year, total charitable gifts of money now exceed 2 percent of gross domestic product. Moreover, charitable giving has nearly doubled in real terms since 1990, and the number of nonprofit organizations registered with the IRS grew by nearly 60 percent from 1995 to 2005. This study provides a perspective on the economic interplay of three types of actors: donors, charitable organizations, and government. How much is given annually? Who gives? Who are the recipients of these gifts? Would changes in the tax treatment of charitable contributions lead to more or less giving? How can charitable institutions design mechanisms to generate the greatest level of gifts? What about the effectiveness of seed money and matching grants?
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Su Dinh, Thanh, Hoai Bui Thi Mai i Bon Nguyen Van. "Determinants of stock market development: The case of developing countries and Vietnam". Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 24, nr 01 (1.01.2017): 32–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2017.24.1.05.
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Stock market is a key channel to the mobilization of long-term capi-tal in an economy, and determinants of stock market development in developing countries are still undecided. This paper aims to inves-tigate these determinants in Vietnam and other developing countries, whose differences are also pointed out by applying two-way Gener-alized Method of Moments to the panel data of 36 developing countries over the period of 2003–2014. Our findings are intriguing. First, in developing countries economic growth, domestic credit, and stock market liquidity are positive determinants of the development of stock market. While the effect of money supply is negative, insti-tutional factors such as government effectiveness and rule of law have significantly positive impacts, in contrast to corruption control and political stability (whose impacts are significant and negative). Second, regarding the development of the stock market in Vietnam, the effects of such macroeconomic factors as economic growth, domestic investment, foreign direct investment, domestic credit, broad money supply, stock market liquidity, and inflation are signif-icant and negative, whereas those of all institution variables, includ-ing control of corruption, government effectiveness, political stabil-ity, regulatory quality, rule of law, and voice and accountability, are significant and positive. This implies that well-established institutions are crucial for promoting a demand for stocks and stock market performance in Vietnam.
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Purba, Martin Luter, i Ade R. Y. Yanti Nababan. "PERAMALAN PASAR BARANG DAN PASAR UANG YANG TERJADI DI INDONESIA KAJIAN PADA MODEL MUNDELL-FLEMING". Journal of Economics and Business 1, nr 1 (29.09.2019): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.36655/jeb.v1i1.47.
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This study aims to look at the effects of shocks that occur in Indonesia using the Mundell-Fleming model. Analysis to see the effects of shocks using the vector autoregression (VAR) model. We chose the VAR model because of the complexity of the economic phenomenon that might occur in the open economy that occurred in Indonesia.
The results how the relationship and effects of shocks that occur in gross domestic product, private sector household consumption, direct investment, government consumption expenditure, and net exports occur in Indonesia in the goods market. In addition, this study also examines the relationship and effects of shocks between gross domestic product, the money supply, inflation, and the interest rate that occurs in Indonesia on the money market.
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Kim Quoc Trung, Nguyen. "Determinants of stock market modern development: Evidence from Vietnam". Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR) 9, nr 6 (3.12.2022): 951–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v9i6.987.
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The paper estimates the macroeconomic variables affecting the stock price in Vietnam from 2009 to 2019. Based on the used autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, the test shows a co-integration between stock prices and macroeconomic factors. The findings explore the optimal delay in the ARDL model as (1, 2, 1, 2, 0, 0, 2). Concretely, statistically significant evidence proves that the consumer price index, gross domestic product, interest rate, money supply, and oil price are the determinants of the stock price in Vietnam. In particular, the consumer price index and GDP have a direct relationship with the stock market, while interest rate, money supply, and oil price have opposite effects.
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Ranaweera, T. "Product, Money, and Foreign Exchange Market Disequilibria and Inflation in Uzbekistan During the Period 1994-2000". Acta Oeconomica 53, nr 4 (1.11.2003): 363–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.53.2003.4.2.
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In this study a macroeconomic framework is developed and applied ascertaining the influence of domestic disequilibria and external shocks on inflation dynamics in Uzbekistan. Using quarterly data for the period 1994:Q1 to 2000:Q3, several long-run relationships are estimated for goods, money, and foreign exchange markets of Uzbekistan, which are characterised by multiple exchange rates, import restrictions, and other domestic administrative controls. The empirical estimates, which use error-correction mechanisms for different markets, show that domestic monetary and output developments, and changes in the official exchange rate vis-à-vis the parallel market rate have had a significant influence on the short-run behaviour of the foreign exchange market in Uzbekistan. Furthermore, disequilibria in the product and money markets are the major forces driving short-run inflation dynamics. It should be noted that the study has been constrained by both the quantity and the quality of quarterly data available on the Uzbek economy.
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Sikalao-Lekobane, Onneetse L. "Do Macroeconomic Variables Influence Domestic Stock Market Price Behaviour in Emerging Markets? A Johansen Cointegration Approach to the Botswana Stock Market". Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 6, nr 5 (30.05.2014): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v6i5.499.
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The ability of the stock market to reflect real economic activities through fundamental macroeconomic variables in emerging markets remains paramount considering the role of stock markets in the financial system. This paper explores the long-term equilibrium relationship between the Botswana stock market price and selected domestic and global macroeconomic variables using quarterly data for the period 1998 to 2012. The selected macroeconomic variables included Gross Domestic Product (GDP), long and short-term interest rates, money supply, foreign reserves, inflation, diamond price index, exchange rate, US share price index and 10 Year US government bond yield. The paper employs VECM framework following Johansen’s cointegration technique. The analysis revealed that macroeconomic variables and the stock market price are cointegrated, hence, a long-run equilibrium relationship existed between them. The results showed that in the long run, real GDP, short-term interest rates, inflation and diamond index are positively related with stock market price. However, long-term real interest rate, money supply, foreign reserves, exchange rate, US share price index and US government bond yield are negatively related with stock market price in the long run.
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Anderson, Nadina L. "To Provide and Protect: Gendering Money in Ukrainian Households". Gender & Society 31, nr 3 (10.05.2017): 359–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243217705875.
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In this article, I advance a theory of gendered money and demonstrate how couples give special symbolic meaning to men’s money in domestic exchanges. Unlike previous perspectives on gender and money such as resource theories and gender performance, this framework acknowledges money as a prop and tool that couples use to construct gender boundaries and signal normalcy in the marital relationship. Integrating concepts from economic sociology with Hochschild’s insights on the symbolism of domestic labor, I find that Ukrainians use money as a token and symbol of value, not as a commodity with which to obtain desired outcomes. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 56 married and cohabiting individuals, I discover that couples subvert market meanings of money to enact a Soviet-style gender ideology. By spending men’s money on “necessary” items and avoiding accessing women’s money in the household, couples construct men’s money as both visible and valuable while rendering women’s money non-fungible. These practices highlight the primacy of culture and ideology over relative income, and can help explain the reproduction of male privilege in the household, despite gains in women’s employment and earnings.
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Canning, John. "Australian AgTech". Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 10, nr 1 (16.03.2022): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v10n1.464.
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The government AgriTech Expert Working Group has provided a detailed overview of the practical challenges domestic Australian farmers have to deal with when digitising their farms through the implementation of connected sensor technologies, motivated by the predicted growth of the sector to AUD 100 billion by 2030. In addressing these issues, of which connectivity and access to wireless technologies along with unreliable sensor performances over time remain prominent, domestic regional specific solutions are sought. A key solution being relied upon are low earth orbital satellites, perhaps the only communication infrastructure that cycles over territorial boundaries and has both regulatory and technical challenges that are not widely considered. The resilience of these solutions is assessed in the context of the agricultural technology, or AgTech, market which is arguably invented and shaped by broader, global interests mostly centred where end-user populations are based. The argument is made that government policy must include the latter within a larger holistic framework, including education, when assessing the future of both agriculture and AgTech markets in Australia. At the core, the AgTech report does highlight some challenges in Australia’s wider research approach.
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Fairbanks, Joshua, Mark Griffiths i Drew Winters. "Financial crisis solutions in the commercial paper market". Managerial Finance 45, nr 2 (11.02.2019): 294–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-10-2017-0388.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine programs designed to support the commercial paper market during the financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyzes the participants in the two programs to determine why domestic financial institutions chose one program over the other. Findings Domestic financial institutions chose the Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program over the Commercial Paper Funding Facility (CPFF) while foreign financial institutions chose the CPFF. Practical implications The analysis is intended to support future policy debate on how to address a liquidity crisis in the money markets. Originality/value The authors are the first paper to examine the participants in these two programs. The value is the policy implications of this study.
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Sanford, Andrew D. "Granger causality in volatility between Australian equity and debt markets: A Bayesian analysis". Corporate Ownership and Control 9, nr 1 (2011): 587–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i1c6art2.
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This paper is concerned with identifying Granger causality in the volatilities of returns between the Australian equity and debt markets. Using a bivariate stochastic volatility model previously described by Yu and Renate (2006), we estimate and compare four causal models between equity market volatility, and the short term and long term debt market volatilities. The causal models are compared with two non-causal, bivariate stochastic volatility models. Models comparisons are performed using the Deviance Information Criteria (DIC). Modelling results suggest that bond market volatility Granger causes equity market volatility. Equity volatility and money market volatility show evidence of Granger causality between the two, but no dominate causal direction is identified suggesting causal feedback between the two market volatilities.
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Jonathan Ibekwe, Okolie, i Okolie David Ogomegbunam. "Financial Market, Monetary Policy and Economic Growth: Evidence from Nigeria". IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 8, nr 2 (2.07.2022): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijebm.v8.no2.2022.pg77.89.
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This study examined the impact of financial market and monetary policy on the Nigerian economy since Nigeria introduced democratic rule in 2001 to 2020. Financial market was proxied by total market capitalization, while monetary policy was proxied by money supply, and interest rate the moderator variable. The ADF unit root was adopted to test the level of stationarity of the variables, and all the variables attained stationarity either at first difference or at second difference. The study adopted the regression analysis as the data analysis method. Findings from the study revealed that: Market capitalization, a proxy for financial market had positive and significant impact on Gross Domestic Product, a proxy for the Nigerian economy, Money supply, a proxy for monetary policy had positive and significant impact on Gross Domestic Product, a proxy for the Nigerian economy and Interest rate, a moderator variable had a positive but not significant impact on Gross Domestic Product, a proxy for the Nigerian economy. The study therefore recommends that: Government should restore confidence in the financial market by showing true commitment and sincerity of purpose in the capital market probe, there is need for a diversified investment instruments in the capital market whereby debt and derivative instruments will assume as much prominence as ownership instruments and Government should do everything possible to provide a safe and conducive investment climate by nipping in the bud, the prevalent activities of terrorist and kidnappers. This will not only encourage the Nigerian investors, but also attract foreign investors into the Nigerian capital market.
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Tanha, Hassan, Michael Dempsey i Terrence Hallahan. "Macroeconomic information and implied volatility: evidence from Australian index options". Review of Behavioral Finance 6, nr 1 (2.09.2014): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rbf-01-2014-0006.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand that option pricing is the response of option implied volatility (IV) to macroeconomic announcements. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use high-frequency data on ASX SPI 200 index options to examine the response of option IV, as well as higher moments of the underlying return distribution, to macroeconomic announcements. Additionally, the authors identify the response of the moments as a function of moneyness of the options. Findings – The findings suggest that in-the-money and out-of-the money options have difference characteristics in their responses, leading to the conclusion that heterogeneity in investor beliefs and preferences affect option IV through the state price density (SPD) function. Originality/value – The research contributes to the literature that examines whether IV captures the beliefs of market participants about the likelihood of future states together with the preferences of market participants towards these states. In particular, the authors relate changes in option IV to changes in macroeconomic announcements, through the impact of these announcements on the moments of the SPD function.
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Kibunja, Philip Njau, i Olanrewaju Isola Fatoki. "Effect of Interest Rates on Private Sector Debt in Kenya". Journal of Business Theory and Practice 8, nr 4 (9.11.2020): p21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jbtp.v8n4p21.
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This study sought to examine the effect of interest rates on domestic private sector debt in Kenya over the 30 year period from 1990 to 2019. The dependent variable was private sector domestic debt, the independent variable was commercial bank weighted average lending rate while the control variables were annual GDP growth, extended broad money (M3) and annual USD-KES exchange rate. Using the Prais-Winstein estimator model, the regression model findings were commercial bank lending rate had an insignificant relationship with domestic debt at 95% confidence level but significant at 90% level while money supply had a negative and significant relationship with domestic debt. The study noted predominance of the banking sector in the financial sector and identified the need of a well-developed corporate debt market.
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Nguyen, Kieu Minh, i Diep Van Nguyen. "The relationship between macroeconomic factors and stock market volatility: empirical evidence from the Vietnam stock market". Science and Technology Development Journal 16, nr 3 (30.09.2013): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i3.1631.
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The main target of this study is to measure the relationship of macroeconomic factors to the volatility of the stock market in Vietnam (through stock price VN-index). There are four factors including the consumer price index (measure of inflation), the exchange rate of USD/VND and money supply M2. Research shows that the stock price VN-Index has a positive relationship with the money supply M2 and the domestic gold price in long term. On the contrary, it has a negative relationship with the inflation while it does not have any connection to the exchange rate and stock price index. In short term, the current stock price index has proportional to the stock price index last month and inversely proportional to the exchange rate. The estimated speed of adjustment indicates that the Vietnam stock market converges to the equilibrium about 8 months (adjusted approximately 13.04% per month) to reach equilibrium in the long term.
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Jacob, Augustine O., Saviour S. Udo i Ferdinand I. Odey. "EFFECTS OF SELECTED MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES ON STOCK MARKET PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA". MALAYSIAN E COMMERCE JOURNAL 6, nr 2 (2022): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/mecj.02.2022.54.58.
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In spite of the vital role played by the stock exchange market in the overall national development, it is still performing below expectations in Nigeria owing to several macroeconomic factors. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of selected macroeconomic variables on stock market performance in Nigeria. The study employed time-series data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria's statistical bulletin and World Development Indicators. Stock market performance was measured using the all-shares index while the identified macroeconomic variables included GDP growth, broad money supply, exchange rate, savings interest rate, and inflation rate. An Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) estimation technique was used to establish the long run relationship among the variables, and it was revealed that a long run relationship existed among the variables in the estimated model. The result shows that macroeconomic variables such as gross domestic product, broad money supply, exchange rate, and savings interest rate have a positive effect on stock market performance in Nigeria. On the other hand, the results showed that the inflation rate has a negative effect on stock market performance in Nigeria. Predicated on the result, the study recommended that policies to increase gross domestic product, exchange rate, interest rate, and money supply should be implemented because they can lead to an improvement in the performance of the stock market, while the inflation rate should be maintained at a single digit to prevent its negative effect on the performance of the stock market in Nigeria.
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Plumb, James. "‘Back to the Future' A review of Australian reservation and other natural gas export control policies". APPEA Journal 59, nr 2 (2019): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18282.
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Despite record levels of domestic production, forecasters are predicting that the east coast Australian gas market will remain tight in 2019. The introduction of the Australian Domestic Gas Security Mechanism (ADGSM) by the Federal Government in 2017, and the proposal announced by the Australian Labour Party (ALP) to bolster the mechanism, have again thrust the issue of political intervention in the export gas market into sharp focus. This paper provides an overview of the current regulatory intervention at the state and federal level, and looks back at the history of controls imposed upon the Australian gas export market. The paper is divided into two parts: Part 1, which looks at current regulatory controls engaged by various State and Federal governments: (a) the development and implementation of the ADGSM; (b) the development and implementation of the Queensland Government’s Prospective Gas Production Land Reserve policy (PGPLR); and (c) the Government of Western Australia’s (WA Government) domestic gas policy. The paper also reviews policy announcements made by the ALP in the lead up to the 2019 Federal election. Part 2 provides a broad overview of the history of controls on gas exports in Australia, from the embargo on exports from the North West Shelf between 1973 and 1977, through the increasing liberalisation of Australian energy policy during the 1980s and 1990s (and the associated conflict with state concerns of ensuring sufficiency of the domestic supply of gas), up to the removal of federal controls on resources exports (including liquefied natural gas) in 1997.
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Bethune, Graeme. "Australian petroleum production and development 2018". APPEA Journal 59, nr 2 (2019): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18285.
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This Petroleum Exploration Society of Australia review looks in detail at the trends and highlights for oil and gas production and development both onshore and offshore Australia during 2018. Total petroleum production climbed strongly for the third consecutive year, driven by LNG. A highlight is the start-up of the INPEX Ichthys project. Production is set for further growth in 2019 with the ramp-up of this project and the start-up of Shell’s Prelude floating LNG project. Prelude and Ichthys are the last projects to be commissioned in a wave of seven new LNG projects that are making Australia the world’s largest LNG exporter and a crucial supplier of gas to Asia, including the largest source of LNG for Japan and China and the second-largest source for South Korea. By contrast, Australian oil production continued to fall rapidly and is now easily surpassed by rising condensate production from new LNG projects. There were stark contrasts between domestic gas on the west and east coasts. On the west coast, prices remain low and supply relatively plentiful. The east coast domestic market was tighter and LNG producers responded by diverting gas supplies to the domestic market. This paper canvasses these trends and makes conclusions about the condition of the oil and gas industry in Australia. This paper relies primarily on production and reserves data compiled by EnergyQuest and published in its EnergyQuarterly reports.
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Coffie, Cephas Paa Kwasi, i Hongjiang Zhao. "Semi-Systematic Review of the Perceived Cost of Mobile Payment in Sub-Saharan Africa". Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 20, nr 3 (12.08.2021): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341592.
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Abstract Financial technology offers convenience, security, and affordability. In sub-Saharan Africa, mobile money is the flagship offering hypothesized to promote financial inclusion. Nonetheless, the persistent complaints from end-users about the cost associated with mobile money usage in the sub-region have gone under the radar. Therefore, using the semi-systematic review of news articles and blogs’ in direct content analysis, we explore the cost of mobile money usage in the sub-region. We examine the state of mobile charges and how it potentially reverses the original purpose of FinTech. Results indicate that governments and other stakeholders find mobile money charges to be high. The imposition of mobile money tax and the regressive structure of mobile money charges affect the poor. The effort of policymakers to reduce the cost of mobile money in the sub-region is ineffective because the FinTech market is dominated by few foreign-owned telecommunication companies. Thus, the creation and promotion of a domestic FinTech market are necessary to promote greater financial inclusion.
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Vukajlovic-Grba, Danijela. "The money market in Montenegro: Conditions, development and outlook". Panoeconomicus 54, nr 3 (2007): 325–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan0703325v.
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The money market represents a segment of financial markets wherein the objects of trading are funds with short-term maturities. The money market in Montenegro is still in its early stages of development, and is characterized by a narrow scope of trading material and by a relatively narrow variety of participants. The reasons for such slow development of the Montenegrin money market are numerous: lack of regulations, dollarization as a model of monetary and foreign exchange regime, excessive liquidity of domestic banks, insufficient liquidity in the corporate sector, limited protection of creditor rights, and minimal corporate transparency. Short-term government bonds ("T-bills")-traded exclusively on the primary market-are the only short-term securities on the Montenegrin money market. Montenegrin banks are the biggest investors in T-bills. Foreign investors withdrew from the primary T-bill market after a decrease in T-bill interest rates. For a while, many considered that inadequate solutions in the Law on Securities were the main setbacks to organizing a secondary T-bill market. However, amendments to this Law did not spark the development of a T-bill market, nor any other short-term securities market. Adequate legislation is essential for the development of the money market, but it is not a sole precondition. A decrease in banks? liquidity (as competition from other financial institutions increases and/or deposit interest rates decline) is important to induce the money market?s development. We can expect a concurrent decrease in lending interest rates only as the conditions of creditor rights protection and business operations transparency improve. Only under such conditions can we expect banks and other financial and non-financial legal entities to begin issuing short-term securities.
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Khawaja, M. Idrees. "Exchange Market Pressure and Monetary Policy: Evidence from Pakistan". LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 12, nr 2 (1.07.2007): 83–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2007.v12.i2.a5.
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The study employs the Girton and Roper (1977) measure of exchange market pressure (defined as the sum of exchange rate depreciation and foreign reserves outflow), to examine the interaction between exchange market pressure and monetary variables, viz. domestic credit (Reserve Money) and the interest rate. Evidence from impulse response functions suggests that domestic credit has remained the dominant tool of monetary policy for managing exchange market pressure. The increase in domestic credit upon increases in exchange market pressure (during 1991-98) was imprudent. The results suggest that fiscal needs/growth objectives might have dominated external account considerations during this period. Post 9/11 there is evidence of sterilized intervention in the forex market. The interest rate has also weakly served as the tool of monetary policy during the hay days of foreign currency deposits (1991-98). The finding implies that, for the interest rate to work as tool of monetary policy vis-a-vis exchange market pressure, a reasonable degree of capital mobility is called for.
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Blinov, A. "GLOBAL TRENDS OF CRYPTOCURRENCY MARKET FORMATION AND REGULATION". Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, nr 1 (2020): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2020.1-1.
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The article describes current trends in the global financial market development as well as the formation of fundamentally new, innovative financial resources within the peering economy, such as cryptocurrencies. Its capitalization reached almost 1/100 of global gross domestic product. The purpose of the study is to analyze both the status of cryptocurrencies in different countries, including the United States of America, Japan, People’s Republic of China, and the European Union and the peculiarities of the cryptocurrency circulation development, as well as the money functions they are able to perform. The author has formulated the dilemma of this market regulation at the national and global levels. One should consider that the long-term role of crypto units depends upon the resolution of such a dilemma. And there is no unified approach of states and international organizations to the status and prospects of cryptocurrency regulation in our days. This creates a unique field of opportunities for further development of such instruments as the big economic and market movements undulate in big swings that were due to a sequence of actions and reactions by policymakers, investors, business owners, and workers. Given that state control over the emission of fiat money in the world can only be ensured to the extent that they control the banking system, the study provides an analysis of the legal status of such financial engineering products as cryptocurrencies. The author also accents on the three-tier blockchain technology. Finally, the domestic component is thoroughly analyzed, i.e. the regulation field of such instruments in Ukraine. The draft Concept of State Regulation of Cryptocurrency Transactions is also explained. Keywords: cryptocurrency; blockchain; status of crypto units; financial regulation; functions of money.
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Bhuta, Aishwarya, i Mridula Muralidharan. "Not All Time Is Money: Women’s Burden of Unpaid Work". ANTYAJAA: Indian Journal of Women and Social Change 5, nr 2 (grudzień 2020): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/24556327211012843.
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Since the 1990s, India has been witnessing a downward trend in female labour force participation (FLFP). Feminist economists have argued that the invisible labour of unpaid household work is quintessential for the social reproduction of the labour force. Time-use statistics can be useful for estimating the value of unpaid work and lead policy responses towards increasing FLFP. This study analyses the report on Time Use in India-2019 to draw insights from data on women’s disproportionate burden of unpaid domestic and caregiving services. It is argued that this has implications for their participation in the labour market. The patriarchal structure of the family pushes the onus of domestic labour on women. This confines them to home-based, poorly remunerated and informal work, or excludes them from the labour market. Interventions in the form of generating non-agricultural job opportunities in rural areas, establishing infrastructural support mechanisms in workplaces and encouraging female education and employment can not only stimulate FLFP but also help to address the crisis of jobless growth.
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Feenan, J. P. "EMERGING CHALLENGES IN AUSTRALIA’S DOMESTIC GAS MARKET". APPEA Journal 45, nr 1 (2005): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj04013.
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This paper considers emerging challenges to balancing gas supply and demand in Australia’s domestic market in the context of the global demand for Australian gas exports. Based on a major 2004 study by Wood Mackenzie, a series of scenario forecasts assessed the balance of gas allocation to domestic and export gas demand to 2020.Australia is destined to become an increasingly significant global supplier and exporter of gas, primarily as LNG. The recent emergence of major new LNG customers in China and (west coast) north America seeking to secure supplies has ignited a global gas demand-pull on Australia’s gas reserves that is competing with domestic demand.The States of Western Australia (WA) and the Northern Territory (NT) hold more than 130 Tcf or 90% of Australia’s total remaining gas reserves. For many years industry and politicians have proposed major transnational pipelines to transport gas out of the remote northwest or from Papua New Guinea to feed the energy-hungry southeast, and supplement existing gas production from the Cooper Basin and Bass Strait.Striking the right balance between export and domestic gas resource allocation and meeting the needs of producers, customers and policy-makers is emerging as a major challenge within Australia’s domestic gas market.
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Nwangolo, Azu, i Blessing Ogechi. "Financial Deepening and Deposit Mobilization of Commercial Banks in Nigeria: A Time Variant Model". Indian Journal of Finance and Banking 2, nr 2 (13.06.2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijfb.v2i2.94.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of financial deepening on customer deposit of Nigerian commercial banks. Time series data was sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, from 1981-2017. Percentage of total customers’ deposit to total assets was used as dependent variables while percentage of narrow money supply, broad money supply, money market development, money outside the bank and private sector credit to gross domestic product was used as independent variables. Multiple regression with ordinary least square properties of cointegration, augment Dickey Fuller unit root test, Granger causality test and vector error correction model was used to examine the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables. The regression result found that narrow money supply and money market development have negative effect on total customer’s deposit of commercial banks while private sector credit, broad money supply and money outside the bank have positive effect on customer’s deposit of commercial banks in Nigeria. The unit root test shows that the variables are stationary at first difference; the cointegration test validates the existence of long run relationship while the causality test found no causal relationship. The study concludes that financial deepening has significant impact on total customer deposit. We recommend that policies should be deepened to enhance the performance of the Nigeria financial market.
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Horodnichenko, Yuliia, Vitalina Malyshko i Natalia Yevtushenko. "Peculiarities of the domestic stock market functioning". University Economic Bulletin, nr 48 (30.03.2021): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2021-48-196-202.
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Subject of research is the stages of development and the actual state of the domestic stock market. The purpose of the article is to identify the stages of formation and development of the domestic stock market and as a result of determining the prospects for further development. Methods used in the research process: method of system-structural analysis and synthesis, method of comparative analysis, generalization, general scientific, special methods of scientific knowledge and other research methods. Study results. The experience of developed economies shows that the stock market, unlike other markets (including commodity or foreign exchange), is one of the most regulated and regulated. The specificity of the domestic stock market is that in Ukraine there is virtually no domestic investor, a significant number of transactions are concluded to obtain speculative profits; quite often shares are bought at the beginning of trading only in order to "sell" the market more expensive to sell them and make money on it. Investigating the activities of the domestic stock market, the main stages of its development are consistently identified. The role and importance of the stock market in ensuring economic development, to a large extent, is determined by the volume and structure of trading in financial instruments. At the current stage of development of the stock market, trading is concentrated on two stock exchanges of PJSC Stock Exchange "Perspective" and PJSC "Stock Exchange PFTS", identified trends to consolidate trade in these infrastructure market participants. Application of results. The results of the study can be used in the activities of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the National Commission on Securities and Stock Market, as well as in higher education institutions in the teaching of economic disciplines. Conclusions. The stock market must attract investors with its legality, honesty and order. This can be achieved only through state regulation of the securities industry in close cooperation with its representatives.
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Guesmi, Khaled, Frederic Teulon i Amine Lahiani. "Australias Integration Into The ASEAN-5 Region". Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 29, nr 6 (29.10.2013): 1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v29i6.8198.
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This paper attempts to evaluate the time-varying integration of Australian stock market in ASEAN-5 region (ASEAN + Australia, Korea, China, India and Japan) by using a conditional version of the international capital asset pricing model (ICAPM) allowing for dynamic changes in the degree of market integration, regional market risk price, currency risk price and domestic market risk price. Main findings are as follows: i) the prices of risk in Australia are extremely sensitive to major international economic and political events such as the different monetary and financial crises in international financial market; ii) the level of market openness and development of the stock market satisfactorily explain the time-varying degree of Australian stock integration.
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Ho, Shuay-Tsyr, Bradley J. Rickard i Jura Liaukonyte. "Economic and Nutritional Implications from Changes in U.S. Agricultural Promotion Efforts". Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 46, nr 4 (listopad 2014): 593–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800029126.
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Promotion programs that subsidize advertising for exported agricultural products continue to be used despite much criticism that they are an inefficient use of taxpayer money. At the same time, others have advocated for an increase in funds to support domestic advertising for fruits and vegetables. We investigate the economic and nutritional effects from changes in both export and domestic promotion expenditures for horticultural and nonhorticultural commodities. Simulation results show that even modest decreases in trade promotion expenditures coupled with a corresponding increase in domestic promotion efforts have the capacity to influence domestic market conditions, caloric intake, and nutrient consumption.