Artykuły w czasopismach: „Australian bioactive plants”

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Simpson, B. S., V. Bulone, S. J. Semple, G. W. Booker, R. A. McKinnon i P. Weinstein. "Arid awakening: new opportunities for Australian plant natural product research". Rangeland Journal 38, nr 5 (2016): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj16004.

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The importance of plants and other natural reserves as sources for biologically important compounds, particularly for application in food and medicine, is undeniable. Herein we provide a historical context of the major scientific research programs conducted in Australia that have been aimed at discovering novel bioactive natural products from terrestrial plants. Generally speaking, the main approaches used to guide the discovery of novel bioactive compounds from natural resources have included random, ethnobotanical and chemotaxonomic strategies. Previous Australian plant natural product research campaigns appear to have lacked the use of a fourth strategy with equally high potential, namely the ecologically guided approach. In addition, many large studies have sampled plant material predominantly from tropical regions of Australia, even though arid and semi-arid zones make up 70% of mainland Australia. Therefore, plants growing in arid zone environments, which are exposed to different external stressors (e.g. low rainfall, high ultraviolet exposure) compared with tropical flora, remain an untapped reservoir of potentially novel bioactive compounds. Research of Australian arid zone plants that is ecologically guided creates a new opportunity for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds from plants (and potentially other biota) for application in health care, food and agricultural industries.

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Miller, Kristin I., Shane D. Ingrey, Alfonsus Alvin, Man Yuen Daniel Sze, Basil D. Roufogalis i Brett A. Neilan. "Endophytes and the microbial genetics of traditional medicines". Microbiology Australia 31, nr 2 (2010): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma10060.

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Traditional medicine continues to play an essential role in the healthcare systems of many cultures. In some Asian and African countries up to 80% of the population depend on these ancient and culturally based medicinal practices for their primary healthcare needs. Plants and their derived natural products are frequently employed as traditional medicine and such plants are viewed as attractive targets for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents in natural product investigations. A variety of useful drugs has been discovered following the investigation of traditional herbs, such as morphine (analgesic), digitoxin (cariotonic) and ephedrine (sympathomimetic). These ethnopharmacology approaches to drug discovery are based on the premise that plants used as traditional medicines have shown some form of bioactivity and have the increased likelihood of containing bioactive compounds in comparison to plants selected at random. Three systems of traditional medicine that are relevant to Australian drug discovery researchers include the Chinese, Australian Aboriginal and Indonesian systems.

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Srivarathan, Netzel, Thi Phan i Sultanbawa. "Exploring the Nutritional Profile and Bioactive Potential of Australian Grown Saltbush (Atriplex sp.)". Proceedings 36, nr 1 (21.01.2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036083.

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Plant foods play a vital role in human nutrition due to their diverse range of macro- and micro-nutrients, fibre and phytochemicals. However, more than 90% of the plant-food demand is satisfied by less than 0.1% of the edible plant species available. Moreover, none of the highly consumed ‘food-plants’ can survive without freshwater irrigation. As the world’s population rises and food sources become limited, alternative avenues for satisfying the world’s food demand are necessary. This persistent situation urges the domestication of wild terrestrial salt tolerant (halophytes) edible plants, of which saltbush (SB) was found to have a long history of use as animal feed and soil erosion control, while very little scientific information is available on its nutritional profile and dietary relevance. Therefore, the present study assessed the nutrient and phytochemical composition of Australian grown oldman SB (Atriplex nummularia) leaves to better understand its nutritional ‘value’ and potential bioactivity. The proximate results showed that SB leaves were rich in protein (20.1 ± 0.18 g/100 g DW), fibre (41.5 ± 0.20 g/100 g DW) and minerals (particularly Ca (1.44 ± 0.03 g/100 g DW), Na (4.13 ± 0.02 g/100 g DW), Mg (0.90 ± 0.01 g/100 g DW), and Fe (11.68 ± 0.35 mg/100 g DW). These initial findings provide important nutritional information to a very promising plant source that could be used alone or synergetic with other foods (e.g., alternative protein and/or fiber source, potential salt substitute). However, further studies need to be carried out to determine the complete nutritional profile of oldman SB leaves, the bioaccessibility/bioavailability of its main nutrients and phytochemicals as well as consumer acceptance in order to develop SB based food products.

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Chaliha, Mridusmita, Anh Dao Thi Phan Phan, Hung Trieu Hong, Geraldine McGuire, Michael E. Netzel i Yasmina Sultanbawa. "Exploring the Nutritional and Functional Properties of Two Understudied Australian Endemic Plants: Diploglottis bracteata and Syzigium aqueum". Proceedings 36, nr 1 (1.02.2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036093.

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Despite the growing national and international interest for Australian traditional plant foods, information on nutritional and functional properties of many endemic species is limited. This restricts their incorporation in food, beverage and nutraceutical applications. This pilot study explored the phytochemical profiles and antimicrobial activity of two Australian endemic fruits: Diploglottis bracteata and Syzigium aqueum, to explore their marketability. Profiling of major bioactive phytochemicals showed the presence of 3 anthocyanins in S. aqueum (delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside) and four carotenoids in D. bracteata (lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene). The total carotenoid content was comparable to that of orange coloured carrots, an important dietary source of carotenoids. Elemental analysis revealed that, compared to blueberry (a popular dietary source), D. bracteata had 4.5 times higher potassium, and 3.7 times higher magnesium content. Calcium levels of S. aqueum was 4.9 times higher than blueberry. Methanol, acetone and water extracts of both fruits were analysed for total phenolic content (TPC) and antimicrobial activity. TPC of D. bracteata and S. aqueum methanolic extracts were 2.9 and 1.4 mg gallic acid equivalents/g FW which is in the same range as blueberry, a popular dietary source of bioactive phenolic compounds. Antimicrobial analysis showed methanol, acetone and water extracts of both fruits have strong inhibitory effects against both Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, but no effects against fungi (Candida albicans). These promising initial results, diverse phytochemical profiles and strong antibacterial activity, warrant further investigation.

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KOTZE, A. C., J. O'GRADY, J. EMMS, A. F. TOOVEY, S. HUGHES, P. JESSOP, M. BENNELL, P. E. VERCOE i D. K. REVELL. "Exploring the anthelmintic properties of Australian native shrubs with respect to their potential role in livestock grazing systems". Parasitology 136, nr 9 (15.06.2009): 1065–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009006386.

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SUMMARYWe measuredin vitroanthelmintic activity in extracts from 85 species of Australian native shrub, with a view to identifying species able to provide a degree of worm control in grazing systems. Approximately 40% of the species showed significant activity in inhibiting development ofHaemonchus contortuslarvae. The most active extracts showed IC50values of 60–300 μg/ml. Pre-incubation with polyvinylpolypyrrolidine removed the activity from some extracts, implicating tannins as the bioactive agent, while in other cases the pre-incubation had no effect, indicating the presence of other anthelmintic compounds. Plant reproductive maturity (onset of flowering or fruiting) was associated with increasing anthelmintic activity in some species. Variability was observed between plants of the same species growing in different environments, while variation between individual plants of the same species within a single field suggests the existence of distinct chemotypes. Significant activity against adultH. contortuswormsin vitrowas also demonstrated in a limited number of extracts tested against this life stage. Our study indicates that there is potential for Australian native shrubs to play an anthelmintic role in grazing systems, and highlights some plant biology factors which will need to be considered in order to maximize any anthelmintic effects.

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Agatonovic-Kustrin, Snezana, Ethan Doyle, Vladimir Gegechkori i David W. Morton. "High-performance thin-layer chromatography linked with (bio)assays and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy as a method for discovery and quantification of bioactive components in native Australian plants". Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 184 (maj 2020): 113208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113208.

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Kan, Meng-Wei, i David J. Craik. "Discovery of Cyclotides from Australasian Plants". Australian Journal of Chemistry 73, nr 4 (2020): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch19658.

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This article is part of a special issue celebrating the contributions of Professor Paul Alewood to peptide science. We begin by providing a summary of collaborative projects between the Alewood and Craik groups at The University of Queensland and highlighting the impacts of some of these studies. In particular, studies on the discovery, synthesis, structures, and bioactivities of disulfide-rich toxins from animal venoms have led to a greater understanding of the biology of ion channels and to applications of these bioactive peptides in drug design. The second part of the article focuses on plant-derived disulfide-rich cyclic peptides, known as cyclotides, and includes an analysis of the geographical distribution of Australasian plant species that contain cyclotides as well as an analysis of the diversity of cyclotide sequences found in Australasian plants. This should provide a useful resource for researchers to access native cyclotides and explore their chemistry and biology.

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Shukla, Abha, i Amanpreet Kaur. "A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF TRADITIONAL USES BIOACTIVE PHYTOCONSTITUENTS OF GENUS EHRETIA". Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, nr 6 (7.06.2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i6.25178.

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The plants of the genus Ehretia composed of about 150 species mainly distributed in tropical Asia, Africa, Australia, and North America. They have been used as traditional and folk medicines to treat various ailments in Japan, India, and China for a long time. Previous phytochemical screenings demonstrated that the Ehretia plants mainly contain fatty acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, cyanogenetic glycosides, and benzoquinones and other constituents from different chemical classes. The pharmacological studies confirmed that the crude extracts or individual compounds from the genus showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiarthritic, antitubercular, and antiallergic activities, as well as anti-snake venom property. In this review, we presented a summary of the secondary metabolites isolated from different species of Ehretia based on the published literatures up to March 2017. In addition to the traditional medicinal use of Ehretia plants, we focused on the known biological activities of the plants and discussed them in detail here.

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Sudirman, Sabri, Nurjanah Nurjanah i Agoes Mardiono Jacoeb. "Identification of Antioxidant Compounds Structure Large-Leafed Mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) Fruit". Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 19, nr 2 (31.08.2016): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v19i2.13108.

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Antioxidants are compounds that can inhibit or prevent the oxidation of the easily oxidized substrate. One of the plants as a potential source of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity is large-leafed mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza). This plant is commonly found in the Pacific region of Southeast Asia, Ryukyu Islands, Micronesia and Polynesia (Samoa) to subtropical regions of Australia and has been used by the society. This study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds structure of large-leafed mangrove has the highest antioxidant activity. The compound structure prediction was done by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The compound structure in the selected antioxidant fractions are flavonol, glikosilfalvon and flavon. Those three compounds are flavonoid compound which has a great role as the one that has antioxidant activity in large-leafed mangrove fruit.

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Sudirman, Sabri, Nurjanah Nurjanah i Agoes Mardiono Jacoeb. "Identification of Antioxidant Compounds Structure Large-Leafed Mangrove Fruit". Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 19, nr 2 (30.08.2016): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v19i2.13452.

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Antioxidants are compounds that can inhibit or prevent the oxidation of the easily oxidized substrate. One of the plants as a potential source of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity is large-leafed mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza). This plant is commonly found in the Pacific region of Southeast Asia, Ryukyu Islands, Micronesia and Polynesia (Samoa) to subtropical regions of Australia and has been used by the society. This study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds structure of large-leafed mangrove has the highest antioxidant activity. The compound structure prediction was done by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The compound structure in the selected antioxidant fractions are flavonol, glikosilfalvon and flavon. Those three compounds are flavonoid compound which has a great role as the one that has antioxidant activity in large-leafed mangrove fruit.

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Wulandari, Indah, i Harlinda Kuspradini, Irawan Wijaya. "agriculture, fisheries, forestry, West Kutai, zone". AGRIFOR 17, nr 2 (10.10.2018): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.31293/af.v17i2.3354.

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Litsea is a important genus from Lauraceae family, found in the tropic and subtropic Asia, Australia and from North to South America. Related literature review with biology activity show that secondary metabolite compounds in the Lauraceae plants contained insecticide and cytotoxic activities. Insecticide activities show bioactive compounds such as alkaloid, terpenoid and flavonoid. Botanical insecticides by terpenoid groups that found is piretrin, camphene and azardirakhtin. This research do to analyze secondary metabolite compunds by five species Litsea extract from bole, bark and leaf. Analysis of phytochemical compunds using qualitative method. Based on test result can be known that five species positively contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrate and coumarins.

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Holland, Ian, Yuhanis Mhd Bakri, Jennette Sakoff, Diana Zaleta Pinet, Cheri Motti i Ian van Altena. "Bioactive α,β-conjugated 3-keto-steroids from the Australian brown alga Cystophora xiphocarpa". Phytochemistry 188 (sierpień 2021): 112798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112798.

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Weston, Paul A., Leslie A. Weston i Shane Hildebrand. "Metabolic profiling in Echium plantagineum: presence of bioactive pyrrolizidine alkaloids and napthoquinones from accessions across southeastern Australia". Phytochemistry Reviews 12, nr 4 (16.06.2013): 831–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9306-4.

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Banik, Bidhyut Kumar, Zoey Durmic, William Erskine i Clinton Revell. "Anti-methanogenic advantage of biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus) over subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) from in vitro fermentation is maintained across growth stages and cutting treatments". Crop and Pasture Science 70, nr 3 (2019): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp18069.

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The annual forage legume biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L.) offers a promising opportunity as a low-methanogenic, bioactive pasture for southern Australian grazing systems where subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) is the dominant annual pasture legume. This in vitro study to assess methanogenic potential examined how growth stage and cutting of biserrula affect biomass, nutritive value and fermentative parameters including methanogenic potential compared with subterranean clover. Both species were grown in a glasshouse, where three growth-stage treatments comprised plant collection at vegetative, reproductive or maturity growth stages. Three cutting (simulated grazing) treatments included cutting at the vegetative or reproductive stage and an uncut control, with herbage collection at maturity. Methane production in biserrula was unaffected by the stage of growth. Other nutritive value and fermentative parameters varied significantly with growth stage, the highest fibre content and lowest crude protein (CP) being found at maturity. Regrowth from herbage cut at the reproductive stage had higher CP and lower biomass than other cut treatments. In biserrula, this regrowth also showed the highest fermentability of the three cutting treatments including elevated methane yield. Notwithstanding these treatment effects on fermentability, biserrula maintained its strong anti-methanogenic advantage over subterranean clover across all treatments, confirming its potential as an anti-methanogenic bioactive pasture.

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Yuniarni U, Sukandar E Y i Fidrianny I. "A perspective review of phytochemistry and pharmacology of the Syzygium genus". International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, nr 2 (26.05.2021): 1490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i2.4722.

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Syzygium is a genus of the Myrtaceae family consisting of large and widespread species from Africa, Asia, Australia, and throughout Oceania and the Pacific region. Some have been cultivated for bearing fruit, ornamental plants and used as traditional medicine. This article excavated Syzygium genus which was focused on traditional uses, chemical compounds and biological activities related to treatment of syndrome metabolic. All information was obtained from the scientific literature such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed. Several species were known to have therapeutic potential and used in traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda, and herbal medicine in Indonesia. Traditionally, Syzygium is known for its therapeutic purposes such as coughing, diarrhea, colds, dysentery, inflammation, pain, skin, and mouth infections. Only a few species have been scientifically studied to verify their usage as traditional medicine. There were many reports on the traditional uses and medicinal effects of Syzygium plants, but only a few review articles mainly about phytochemical constituents and their role in pharmacological activities. The present reviews highlight the phytochemical and pharmacological activity of various species of the Syzygium genus. The pharmacological activities were discussed in this article focused to metabolic syndrome treatment, such as antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. Chemical components isolated mainly flavonoid, terpenoids/sesquiterpenoid, sterols, and lignan. Several bioactive compounds have been identified correlated with pharmacological activity, but the chemical compounds were different for each species.

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Srivarathan, Sukirtha, Anh Dao Thi Phan, Hung Trieu Hong, Elvis T. Chua, Olivia Wright, Yasmina Sultanbawa i Michael E. Netzel. "Tecticornia sp. (Samphire)—A Promising Underutilized Australian Indigenous Edible Halophyte". Frontiers in Nutrition 8 (5.02.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.607799.

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Salinization is gradually increasing over cropping soils and is challenging Governments in many countries, including Australia. There has been a high demand for utilizing arid and semi-arid land for sustainable food production. Currently, the main crops and forage plants are salt sensitive, while halophytes can tolerate a wide range of salinities. Samphire is an Australian indigenous edible halophyte and belongs to the genus Tecticornia. It is an underutilized, succulent plant growing on arid or semi-arid land. Most samphire species have a long history of use as food, but also as non-food (fodder and medicine), among indigenous communities in Australia, while scientific information is limited on their nutritional composition and potential bioactivity. The present study reports, for the first time, the nutritional composition, bioactive compounds (phytochemicals) and antioxidant capacity of six Australian grown samphire from different locations. The results showed that celosianin II and isocelosianin II could be identified as the predominant betalains (phytochemicals) in pigmented samphire species. Proximates and fiber varied significantly (p < 0.05) between the samphire species with a highest value of fiber of 46.8 g/100 g dry weight (DW). Furthermore, samphire could be identified as a valuable source of essential minerals and trace elements, such as iron (41.5 mg/100 g DW), magnesium (1.2 g/100 g DW) and sodium (16.7 g/100 g DW). The fatty acid profile, mainly palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acid, was similar among the studied species. Total phenolic content and DPPH-radical scavenging capacity were different (p < 0.05) between the six samphire samples. These initial results are very promising and indicate that Australian grown samphire may have the potential to be utilized as a functional food ingredient.

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Johnson, Joel B., Tania Collins, Janice S. Mani i Mani Naiker. "Nutritional Quality and Bioactive Constituents of Six Australian Plum Varieties". International Journal of Fruit Science, 22.12.2020, 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2020.1860863.

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Xuan Vuong, Bui. "The Evaluation of Formation and Bioactivity of New Sol-gel Bioactive Glass". VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology 35, nr 1 (26.03.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.4832.

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In this paper, three ceramic compositions 50SiO2-50CaO (A), 45SiO2-45CaO-10P2O5 (B) and 40SiO2-40CaO-20P2O5 (C) (wt %) were synthesized by using the sol-gel technique. XRD analysis demonstrates that only sample C can form the glass material. Treated temperatures and heated times were also evaluated. Analysis data showed that the bioglass 40SiO2-40CaO-20P2O5 (wt %) can successfully elaborate when the ceramic powder heated at 750 oC for 3 hours. ‘‘In vitro’’ experiment was effectuated to investigate the bioactivity of bioglass 40SiO2-40CaO-20P2O5 by soaking powder samples in SBF solution. Obtained result confirmed the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) phase on glass’s surface after 15 days of immersion, in which HA formation orients following (211) and (222) miller planes in crystalline structure of HA phase. Keywords Sol-gel; bioglass; hydroxyapatite; SBF; bioactivity References [1] D.F. Williams, Definitions in Biomaterials, Consensus Conference for the European Society for Biomaterials, Chester, UK, 1986.[2] L.L. Hench, Bioceramics: From Concept to Clinic, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 74 (1991) 1487.[3] L.L. Hench, The story of Bioglass, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 17 (2006) 967.[4] X.V. Bui, H. Oudadesse, Y. Le Gal, A. Mostafa, P.Pellen and G. Cathelineau, Chemical Reactivity of Biocomposite Glass-Zoledronate, Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 46 (2010) 24.[5] L.L. Hench, Genetic design of bioactive glass, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 29 (2009) 1257.[6] S. Kumar, P. Vinatier, A. Levasseur, K.J. Rao, Investigations of structure and transport in lithium and silver borophosphate glasses, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 177 (2004)1723.[7] Z. Hong, A. Liu, L. Chen, X. Chen, X. Jing, Preparation of bioactive glass ceramic nanoparticles by combination of sol–gel and coprecipitation method, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 355 (2009) 368.[8] D.B. Joroch, D.C. Clupper, Modulation of zinc release from bioactive sol–gel derived SiO2‐CaO‐ZnO glasses and ceramics, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 82A (2007) 575.[9] J. Roman, S. Padilla, M. Vallet-Regi, Sol−Gel Glasses as Precursors of Bioactive Glass Ceramics, Chemistry of Materials, 15 (2003) 798.[10] J. Lao, J.M. Nedelec, Ph. Moretto, E. Jallot, Biological activity of a SiO2-CaO-P2O5 sol-gel glass highlighted by PIXE-RBS methods, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, 245 (2006) 511.[11] [11] M. Vallet-Regi, L. Ruiz-Gonzalez, I. Izquierdo, J.M. Gonzalez-Calbet, Revisiting silica based ordered mesoporous materials: medical applications, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 16 (2006) 26.[12] W. Xia, J. Chang, Preparation and characterization of nano-bioactive-glasses (NBG) by a quick alkali-mediated sol–gel method, Materials Letters 61 (2007) 3251.[13] R. Li, A.E. Clark, L.L. Hench, An investigation of Bioactive Glass Powders by Sol-Gel Processing, Transactions of 16th Annual Meeting of the Societey for Biomaterials, 12 (1990) 40.[14] J. Lao, J.M. Nedelec, P. Moretto, E. Jallot, Imaging physicochemical reactions occurring at the pore surface in binary bioactive glass foams by micro ion beam analysis, Applied Materials and Interfaces, 6 (2010) 1737.[15] A. Balamurugan, G. Balossier, S. Kannan, J. Michel, A.H.S. Rebelo, J.M.F. Ferreira, Development and in vitro characterization of sol–gel derived CaO–P2O5–SiO2–ZnO bioglas, Acta Biomaterialia, 3 (2007) 255.[16] Z. Hong, A. Liu, L. Chen, X. Chen, X. Jing, Bioactive glass prepared by sol–gel emulsion, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 355 (2009) 368.[17] O. Peital, E.D. Zanotto, L.L. Hench, Highly bioactive P2O5-Na2O-CaO-SiO2 glass-ceramics, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 292 (2001) 115.[18] J. Liu, X. Miao, Sol-gel derived bioglass as a coating material for porous alumina scaffolds, Ceramics International, 30 (2004) 1781.[19] T. Kokubo, H. Takadama, How useful is SBF in predicting in vivo bone bioactivity. Biomaterials 27 (2006) 2907.[20] M. Dziadek, B. Zagrajczuk, P. Jelen, Z. Olejniczak, K.C. Kowalska, Structural variations of bioactive glasses obtained by different synthesis routes, Ceramics International, 42 (2016) 14700.[21] R. Lakshmi, V. Velmurugan and S. Sasikumar, Preparation and Phase Evolution of Wollastonite by Sol-Gel Combustion Method Using Sucrose as the Fuel, Combustion Science and Technology, 185 (2013) 1777.[22] G. Voicu, A. Bădănoiu, E. Andronescu1, C. M. Chifiruc, Synthesis, characterization and bioevaluation of partially stabilized cements for medical applications, Central European Journal of Chemistry, 11 (2013) 1657.[23] M.V. Regi, Ceramics for medical applications, Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, 2 (2001) 97.[24] G. Voicu, A.I. Bădănoiu, E. Andronescu, C.M. Chifiruc, Synthesis, characterization and bioevaluation of partially stabilized cements for medical applications, Central European Journal of Chemistry, 11 (2013) 1657.M. Wu, T. Wang, Y. Wang, F. Li, M. Zhou, X. Wu, A novel and facile route for synthesis of fine tricalcium silicate powders, Materials letters, 227 (2018), 187.

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Zhang, Mengzi, Abhisheak Sharma, Francisco León, Bonnie Avery, Roger Kjelgren, Christopher R. McCurdy i Brian J. Pearson. "Effects of Nutrient Fertility on Growth and Alkaloidal Content in Mitragyna speciosa (Kratom)". Frontiers in Plant Science 11 (21.12.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.597696.

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Leaves harvested from the Southeast Asian tree Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) have a history of use as a traditional ethnobotanical source of medicine to combat fatigue, improve work productivity, and to reduce opioid-related withdrawal symptoms. Kratom leaves contain an array of alkaloids thought to be responsible for the bioactivity reported by users. Interest in the consumptive effects of kratom has led to its recent popularity and use in North America, Western Europe, and Australia. Although the chemistry and pharmacology of select kratom alkaloids are understood, studies have not examined the influence of production environment on growth and alkaloidal content. To directly address this need, 68 kratom trees were vegetatively propagated from a single mother stock to reduce genetic variability and subjected to four varying fertilizer application rates. Leaves were analyzed for chlorophyll concentration, biomass, and alkaloidal content to understand the physiological response of the plant. While increasing rates of fertilizer promoted greater plant growth, relationships with alkaloidal content within leaves were highly variable. Fertility rate had little influence on the concentration of mitragynine, paynantheine, speciociliatine, mitraphylline, and corynoxine per leaf dry mass. 7-Hydroxymitragynine was below the lower limit of quantification in all the analyzed leaf samples. Low to medium rates of fertilizer, however, maximized concentrations of speciogynine, corynantheidine, and isocorynantheidine per leaf dry mass, suggesting a promotion of nitrogen allocation for secondary metabolism occurred for these select alkaloids. Strong correlations (r2 = 0.86) between extracted leaf chlorophyll and rapid, non-destructive chlorophyll evaluation (SPAD) response allowed for development of a reliable linear model that can be used to diagnose nutrient deficiencies and allow for timely adjustment of fertilization programs to more accurately manage kratom cultivation efforts. Results from this study provide a greater understanding of the concentration and synthesis of nine bioactive alkaloids in fresh kratom leaves and provide foundational information for kratom cultivation and production.

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Thi Viet Huong, Do. "Study of the Chemical Components and Bioactivities of Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa Extracts". VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology 35, nr 1 (26.03.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.4838.

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Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is a flowering plant belonging to the family Myrtaceae. In this study, sample was leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Three compounds were isolated from n-hexan extract (RTH), their structures were identified by proton and carbon 13 NMR spectral dât and compared with spectral data in the literature: rhodomyrtosone, combretol and loliolide. Determination of total flavonoids (TF) and phenolic (TP) compounds were shown that ethylacetate extract has the higher value for both TF and TP (25.32 mg BHT/g; 60.01 mg GAE/g) compared n-hexan extract. Keywords Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, rhodomyrtosone, combretol, loliolide, total flavonoids content, total phenolic content References [1] Csurhes S., Hankamer C. Ceylon Hill Cherry (DownyRose Myrtle): Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Brisbane, Queensland, Australia: Biosecurity Queensland, 2016 . [2] Do T. L. Medicine Plants and Remedies of Vietnam. Hanoi: Thoi Dai publisher, 434, 2004.[3] Arya V. A review on anti tuberculosis plants. Int. J. PharmaTech. Res., vol 3(2), 872-880, 2011.[4] Ong H, Nordiana M. Malay ethno‑medico botany in Machang, Kelantan, Malaysia. Fitoterapia, vol. 70(5), 502‑13, 1999.[5] Wei F. Manufacture of Oral Liquid Containing Traditional Chinese Medicine Extract for Treating Gynecopathy (Guangxi Huahong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., People’s Republic of China; Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical (Group) Co., Ltd.), Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu. People’s Republic of China Patent CN1846715, 2006. [6] Chuakul W. Medicinal plants in the Khok Pho district, Pattani province (Thailand). Thai J. Phytopharm, vol. 12, 23‑45, 2005. [7] Geetha K. M., Sridhar, C., Murugan V. Antioxidant and Gastroprotective activities of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk. International Journal of PharmTech Research, vol 2(1), 283-291, 2010.[8] Jeong D., Yang W. S., Yang Y., Nam G., Kim J. H., Yoon D. H., Noh H. J., Lee S., Kim T. W., Sung G., Cho, J. Y. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa methanol extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 146, 205-213, 2013. [9] Lavanya G., Voravuthikunchai S. P., Towatana N. H. Acetone extract from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa: A potenr natural antioxidant. Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 10, 1155-5, 2012.[10] Lai T. N. H., André C., Rogez H., Mignolet E., Nguyen T. B. T., Larondelle, Y. Nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of the simfruit (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa). Journal of Food Chemistry, vol. 168, 410-426, 2014.[11] Lai, T. N. H., Herent, M., Quentin-Leclerq J., Nguyen T.B. T., Rogez H., Larondelle Y., André C. M. Piceatannol, a potent bioactive stilbene, as major phenolic component in Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Journal of Food Chemistry, vol. 138, 1421-1430, 2012.[12] Cui C., Zhang S., You L., Ren J., Luo W., Chen W., Zhao, M. Antioxidant capacity of anthocyanins from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) and identification of the major anthocyanins. Journal of Food Chemistry, vol. 139, 1-8, 2013.[13] Lim T. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Edible medicinal and non medicinal plants. New York: Springer, 732‑7, 2012.[14] Wu X., Beecher G.R., Holden J.M., Haytowitz D.B., Gebhardt S.E., Prior R.L. Lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacities of common foods in the United States. J Agric Food Chem, vol. 52(12), 4026‑37, 2004.[15] Limsuwan S., Hesseling‑Meinders A., Voravuthikunchai S.P., Van Dijl J.M., Kayser O. Potential antibiotic and anti‑infective effects of rhodomyrtone from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. on Streptococcus pyogenes as revealed by proteomics. Phytomedicine, vol18(11), 934‑40, 2011.[16] Marinova D., Ribarova F., Altanassova. Total phenolics and total flavonoids in Bulgarian fruits and vegetables. Journal of The University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, vol 40, 255-260, 2005.[17] Dachriyanus, Salni, Sargent M.V., Skelton B. W., Soediro I., Sutisna M., White A. H., Yulinah E. Rhodomyrtone, an antibiotic from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Aust. J. Chem, Vol. 55, 229-232, 2002.[18] Dachriyanus, Fahmi R., Sargent M.V., Skelton B. W., White A. H., Yulinah E. 5-Hydroxy-3,3’,4’,5’,7-pentamethoxyflavone (combretol). Acta Cryst.,, Vol. E60, 86-88, 2004.[19] Hoges R. and Porte A.L. The structure of loliolide: A terpene from Lolium perenne. Tetrahedron, Vol. 20, 1463-1467, 1964.[20] Kimura J., Maki N. New loliolide derivatives from the brown alga Undaria pinnatifida. J. Nat. Prod., Vol 65, 57-58, 2002. [21] https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/articles/200307/flavonoids-antioxidants-help-the-mind.[22] https://www.nutraingredients.com/Article/2008/10/10/Flavonoids-heart-health-benefits-in-the-blood-vessels-Study

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