Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Australian background”
Kliknij ten link, aby zobaczyć inne rodzaje publikacji na ten temat: Australian background.
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych artykułów w czasopismach naukowych na temat „Australian background”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj artykuły w czasopismach z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
1
Romanenko, Olena. "SLAVIC COMMUNITIES IN AUSTRALIA: THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND THE CURRENT SITUATION". Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Ostrozʹka akademìâ". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki 1 (17.12.2020): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2020-31-14-23.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Migration to the Australian continent has ancient origins. On 1 January 1901, the Federation of the Commonwealth of Australia included six former colonies: New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania, Queensland, and Western Australia. The British origin had 78% of those who were born overseas. The immigration was high on the national agenda. The most ambitious nation-building plan based on immigration was adopted in Australia in the post-World War II period. The shock of the war was so strong that even old stereotypes did not prevent Australians from embarking on immigration propaganda with the slogan “Populate or Perish”. In the middle 1950s, the Australian Department of Immigration realized that family reunion was an important component of successful settlement. In 1955 the Department implemented “Operation Reunion” – a scheme was intended to assist family members overseas to migrate to the continent and reunite with the family already living in Australia. As a result, 30000 people managed to migrate from countries such as Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Soviet Union, and the former Yugoslavia under this scheme. Today Australia’s approach to multicultural affairs is a unique model based on integration and social cohesion. On governmental level, the Australians try to maintain national unity through respect and preservation of cultural diversity. An example of such an attitude to historical memory is a database created by the Department of Home Affairs (DHA). For our research, we decided to choose information about residents of East-Central European origin (Ukraine-born, Poland-born, and Czech Republic-born citizens) in Australia, based on the information from the above mentioned database. The article provides the brief historical background of Polish, Ukrainian and Czech groups on the Continent and describes the main characteristics of these groups of people, such as geographic distribution, age, language, religion, year of arrival, median income, educational qualifications, and employment characteristics.
2
Boon, PI, i MA Brock. "Plants and processes in wetlands: A background". Marine and Freshwater Research 45, nr 8 (1994): 1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9941369.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
It is easy to gain an impression from the recent contents of Australian scientific journals dealing with ecological research that little attention is paid to the botanical ecology of Australia's inland wetlands. Less than 1% of the papers published in key Australian ecological journals over 1987-93 dealt with some aspect of the vegetation ecology of these environments. Yet over the period 1982-94 research on this topic accounted for up to 23% of the papers presented at annual conferences of the two major Australian scientific societies to which Australian limnologists are likely to belong. This discrepancy indicates that wetland vegetation is the subject of a considerable research effort by Australian limnologists, but that few of their research findings are published in refereed Australian journals. Analyses of the references cited in key review articles suggests that refereed journals outside Australia cannot account fully for the 'missing' publications: we demonstrate that much research is placed in the largely inaccessible 'grey literature' published by government departments and the like. It is also possible that some research is destined never to be published. This imbalance between the intensity of the research effort and the history of publication in Australian refereed journals prompted local scientists involved in wetland research to participate in a Special Issue dedicated to the botanical and process-oriented aspects of wetland ecology.
3
REDMAN, S. "Australian neuroscience: a background". Trends in Neurosciences 15, nr 2 (luty 1992): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(92)90023-2.
Pełny tekst źródła
4
Edwards, G. C., i D. A. Howard. "Air-surface exchange measurements of gaseous elemental mercury over naturally enriched and background terrestrial landscapes in Australia". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, nr 10 (24.10.2012): 27927–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-27927-2012.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract. This paper presents the first gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) air-surface exchange measurements obtained over naturally enriched and background (< 0.1 μg g−1 Hg) terrestrial landscapes in Australia. Two pilot field studies were carried out during the Australian autumn and winter periods at a copper-gold-cobalt-arsenic-mercury mineral field near Pulganbar, NSW. GEM fluxes using a dynamic flux chamber approach were measured, along with controlling environmental parameters over three naturally enriched and three background substrates. The enriched sites results showed net emission to the atmosphere and a strong correlation between flux and substrate Hg concentration, with average fluxes ranging from 14 ± 1 ng m−2 h−1 to 113 ± 6 ng m−2 h−1. Measurements at background sites showed both emission and deposition. The average Hg flux from all background sites showed an overall net emission of 0.36 ± 0.06 ng m−2 h−1. Fluxes show strong relationships with temperature, radiation, and substrate parameters. A compensation point of 2.48, representative of bare soils was determined. Comparison of the Australian data to North American data confirmed the need for Australian specific mercury air-surface exchange data representative of Australia's unique climatic conditions, vegetation types, land use patterns, and soils.
5
Bates, Richard. "Australian Teacher Education: Some background observations". Journal of Education for Teaching 28, nr 3 (listopad 2002): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0260747022000021331.
Pełny tekst źródła
6
Cornelius, Karen, i Aidan Cornelius-Bell. "Systemic racism, a prime minister, and the remote Australian school system". Radical Teacher 122 (28.04.2022): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/rt.2022.935.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Remote Australian schools face complex contextual issues due to systemic and enduring disadvantage. The structures and systems put in place to support and provide advantage for Indigenous Australians continually fail to meet their mark due to colonial structures, policies and inability to understand remote contextual demands. In South Australia, the context of this paper, systemic disadvantage disproportionately affects Indigenous people. This article explores the contemporary colonial landscape of a remote school context, provides background on the colonial institutions which shape the interactions and services provided to people in remote Australian areas, and provides two empirical examples of the contemporary, structural, and harmful influence of policy and political figures in a remote school. By examining the politics of being a school leader, the policy background for remote Australian schools, and the unique challenges of position both in policy and physical terms, we show how contemporary racism structures and conditions the lives of young people in remote contexts today.
7
Edwards, G. C., i D. A. Howard. "Air-surface exchange measurements of gaseous elemental mercury over naturally enriched and background terrestrial landscapes in Australia". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, nr 10 (27.05.2013): 5325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5325-2013.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract. This paper presents the first gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) air-surface exchange measurements obtained over naturally enriched and background (<0.1 μg g−1 Hg) terrestrial landscapes in Australia. Two pilot field studies were carried out during the Australian autumn and winter periods at a copper-gold-cobalt-arsenic-mercury mineral field near Pulganbar, NSW. GEM fluxes using a dynamic flux chamber approach were measured, along with controlling environmental parameters over three naturally enriched and three background substrates. The enriched sites results showed net emission to the atmosphere and a strong correlation between flux and substrate Hg concentration, with average fluxes ranging from 14 ± 1 ng m−2 h−1 to 113 ± 6 ng m−2 h−1. Measurements at background sites showed both emission and deposition. The average Hg flux from all background sites showed an overall net emission of 0.36 ± 0.06 ng m−2 h−1. Fluxes show strong relationships with temperature, radiation, and substrate parameters. A compensation point of 2.48, representative of bare soils was determined. For periods of deposition, dry deposition velocities ranged from 0.00025 cm s−1 to 0.0083 cm s−1 with an average of 0.0041 ± 0.00018 cm s−1, representing bare soil, nighttime conditions. Comparison of the Australian data to North American data suggests the need for Australian-specific mercury air-surface exchange data representative of Australia's unique climatic conditions, vegetation types, land use patterns and soils.
8
Maroske, Sara, Libby Robin i Gavan McCarthy. "Building the History of Australian Science: Five Projects of Professor R.W. Home (1980–present)". Historical Records of Australian Science 28, nr 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr16018.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
R. W. Home was appointed the first and, up to 2016, the only Professor of History and Philosophy of Science (HPS) at the University of Melbourne. A pioneering researcher in the history of Australian science, Rod believes in both the importance and universality of scientific knowledge, which has led him to focus on the international dimensions of Australian science, and on a widespread dissemination of its history. This background has shaped five major projects Rod has overseen or fostered: the Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science (a monograph series), Historical Records of Australian Science (a journal), the Australian Science Archives Project (now a cultural informatics research centre), the Australian Encyclopedia of Science (a web resource), and the Correspondence of Ferdinand von Mueller Project (an archive, series of publications and a forthcoming web resource). In this review, we outline the development of these projects (all still active), and reflect on their success in collecting, producing and communicating the history of science in Australia.
9
Shiner, R. J. W. "Speaking to God in Australia: Donald Robinson and the Writing of An Australian Prayer Book (1978)". Studies in Church History 53 (26.05.2017): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2016.26.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Archbishop Donald Robinson (b. 1922) had a distinguished career as a New Testament scholar and senior churchman. As a New Testament scholar, he emphasized the linguistic and cultural distance between what Barth called ‘the strange new world of the Bible’ and our own. However, as a senior churchman, Robinson was required to traverse the distance between the Bible and twentieth-century Australians. Through his episcopal leadership, and notably through his work in producing An Australian Prayer Book (1978), Robinson faced the challenge of speaking to Australians about God, and finding the words by which Australians might speak to God. This article will explore the ways in which a prominent scholar and churchman grappled with the linguistic and cultural challenges of speaking about God and to God in contemporary Australia, understood against the background of the crisis of (ir)relevance faced by Australian churches in the decline of the 1960s and 1970s.
10
Lipscombe, Ray, Don Blackmore i Dennis Elliott. "Australia's Fixed-Wing Aerial Dispersant Capability". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, nr 1 (1.03.2001): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-1-329.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACT Since January 1997, Australia has had in place a fixed-wing aerial dispersant capability (FWADC) designed to provide the country with a cost-effective aerial dispersant delivery system. The FWADC is managed by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) and is funded jointly by AMSA and the Australian Institute of Petroleum (AIP) through its subsidiary, the Australian Marine Oil Spill Centre (AMOSC). The FWADC is based on the concept of using single-engine turbine-powered agricultural aircraft with a payload capacity of between 1,850 and 3,100 Liters of dispersant, depending on aircraft type. At a cost of AUD$400,000 per annum, Australia has access to a minimum of two primary aircraft, 24 hours every day of the year. Additional aircraft complement the two primary aircraft on an “aircraft of opportunity” basis. This paper addresses the background to the development and implementation of Australia's fixed-wing aerial dispersant capability and its integration into Australia's national oil spill response contingency arrangements. It also provides an overview of AMSA's role in managing the capability and providing training for aircraft operators and support crews in aerial dispersant-related operations.
11
Rowland, D. T. "Low Fertility and the Australian Dream: The Family Background of Australian Children". Australian Journal of Social Issues 26, nr 1 (luty 1991): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.1991.tb00886.x.
Pełny tekst źródła
12
Howarth, Timothy, Helmi Ben Saad, Ara J. Perez, Charmain B. Atos, Elisha White i Subash S. Heraganahally. "Comparison of diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) and total lung capacity (TLC) between Indigenous Australians and Australian Caucasian adults". PLOS ONE 16, nr 4 (2.04.2021): e0248900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248900.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background and objective Currently there is paucity of evidence in the literature in relation to normative values for diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) and total lung capacity (TLC) among Indigenous Australians. Hence, in this study we assessed the DLCO and TLC parameters among Indigenous Australians in comparison to Australian Caucasian counterparts. Methods DLCO and TLC values were assessed and compared between Indigenous Australians and Australian Caucasians matched for age, sex and body mass index, with normal chest radiology. Results Of the 1350 and 5634 pulmonary function tests assessed in Indigenous Australian and Australian Caucasian adults respectively, a total of 129 Indigenous Australians and 197 Australian Caucasians met the inclusion criteria. Absolute DLCO and TLC values for Indigenous Australians were a mean 4.3 ml/min/mmHg (95% CI 2.86, 5.74) and 1.03 L (95% CI 0.78, 1.27) lower than Australian Caucasians (p<0.01). Percentage predicted values were 15.38 (95% CI 11.59, 19.17) and 16.63 (95% CI 13.59, 19.68) points lower for DLCO and TLC, respectively. Lower limit of normal (LLN) values did not significantly differ between groups, however a significantly greater proportion of Indigenous Australians recorded values below the LLN in comparison to Australian Caucasians for DLCO (64 vs. 25%, p<0.01) and TLC (66 vs. 21%, p<0.01). Significant differences for the interaction of sex on DLCO and TLC were noted in Australian Caucasians, with reduced or absent sex differentiation among Indigenous Australians. Conclusions There are significant differences in DLCO and TLC parameters between Indigenous Australian compared to Australian Caucasians. Appropriate DLCO and TLC norms need to be established for Indigenous Australians.
13
Alharbi, Musaed Ali, Godfrey Isouard i Barry Tolchard. "The Development of ICD Adaptations and Modifications as Background to a Potential Saudi Arabia's National Version". Global Journal of Health Science 11, nr 11 (19.09.2019): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n11p158.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Modified national versions of the WHO’s International Statistical Classification of Diseases, current version ICD-10 with ICD-11 coming into effect in January 2022, have become the standard in many countries for diagnosis and procedure coding to facilitate the submission of medical billing and reimbursement by health insurers. The WHO ICD-10 exists purely as a coded classification of disease. It has no related classification of procedures and lacks the clinical level of diagnostic specificity necessary for the documentation of individual clinical cases and the associated prescribed therapies and interventions, particularly surgical cases. Historically, the US clinical modification of ICD-9, known as ICD-9-CM, established the trend. Australia adopted ICD-9-CM, later adapted it to Australian clinical specifications, and after the launch of the WHO ICD-10 produced the current Australian modification ICD-10-AM, used under license by many other countries. This paper examines a work in progress, rather than offering an academic critique, to illustrate the evolution of national clinical modications with particular reference to those of the United States, Australia and Thailand. The selection is based on the historical ICD-9-CM connection of the US and Australia, and the fact that Thailand is a more advanced developing nation like Saudi Arabia. The study parameters include the Saudi national healthcare system which has not previously employed a classification clinical coding, despite the wealthy developing healthcare system. Nations using their own modification face the burden of upgrading. Saudi Arabia plans to implement the national Australian modification, rather than creating a Saudi national modification.
14
Yoshimitsu, Kuniko. "Japanese home-background students at an Australian university". Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 14, nr 1 (8.03.2004): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.14.1.09yos.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper deals with Japanese home-background students who enrolled in a full degree undergraduate program at an Australian university during 2000 to 2001. The study aims to identify and characterize the types of Japanese home-background students and establish a suitable classification of these students based on the findings. This study is an essential step in understanding the problems and the needs of these students in university learning. The findings are from a case study of 17 students, which are made up of seven local students and 10 international students.
15
Henningham, John. "Australian Journalists' Professional and Ethical Values". Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 73, nr 1 (marzec 1996): 206–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909607300118.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In this first comprehensive national study of Australian journalists, the author surveyed 1,068 news people in all mainstream news media. Australian journalists are similar to their U.S. colleagues in distributions of age, sex, and socio-economic background, but have less formal education. Like U.S. journalists, Australians have mixed professional and ethical values and are committed both to investigative and to news-disseminating roles of the media.
16
Cohen, Graeme L. "A bibliography of Australian mathematics to 1960 with observations relating to the history of Australian mathematics". Historical Records of Australian Science 31, nr 1 (2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr19008.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In the Supplementary Material of this issue, I give a bibliography of books and pamphlets in, or related to, mathematics in Australia, to 1960. It is as complete as possible, except for those omissions (notably, school books after 1900) that are described fully in the text. In particular, all higher degree theses in mathematics awarded by an Australian university (to 1960) are listed. This article describes the background to the compilation of the bibliography and observations drawn from it (and expanded upon) which relate to the history of Australian mathematics. In some respects, this article and its Supplementary Material may be considered to be an addendum to my book Counting Australia In: the People, Organisations and Institutions of Australian Mathematics (2006) published by Halstead Press, Sydney, for the Australian Mathematical Society.
17
Trudgett, Michelle, Susan Page i Neil Harrison. "Brilliant Minds: A Snapshot of Successful Indigenous Australian Doctoral Students". Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 45, nr 1 (11.05.2016): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2016.8.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Drawing on demographic data collected from interviews with 50 Indigenous Australians with a doctoral qualification and 33 of their supervisors, this paper provides the first detailed picture of Indigenous doctoral education in Australia, with the focus on study modes, age of candidates, completion times and employment. It also analyses data produced through interviews with supervisors including age, employment levels and academic background. The study confronts a number of common perceptions in the higher education sector, to find that many Indigenous Australians are awarded their doctoral qualification in the middle stages of their career. This particular cohort is more likely to be studying in the arts and humanities, employed in higher education and enrolled on a full-time basis. This Australian Research Council (ARC) funded research provides new and important data to inform government policy, and to allow universities to implement strategies and recommendations arising from the Behrendt Report of 2012.
18
Sawrikar, Pooja, i Caroline J. Hunt. "The Relationship Between Mental Health, Cultural Identity and Cultural Values in Non-English Speaking Background (NESB) Australian Adolescents". Behaviour Change 22, nr 2 (1.07.2005): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.2005.22.2.97.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractIn Australia, acculturating adolescents from a non-English speaking background (NESB) face two important challenges: developing a cultural identity and establishing a set of cultural values. These challenges are achieved by balancing a native and Australian orientation. It was expected that NESB adolescents who did not achieve these tasks would experience poor mental health. This study focused on adolescents because a significant relationship between cultural identity, cultural values and mental health in this group will highlight a need for sensitivity to such cultural and developmental issues. Two hundred and sixty-three NESB adolescents completed questionnaires that assessed cultural identity (Australian and native), cultural values (individualism and collectivism), state mental health (depression, anxiety and stress) and trait mental health (positive affectivity [PA] and negative affectivity [NA]). Results indicated that high Australian pride and high native pride are associated with lower depression, anxiety, stress and NA, and higher PA. Results also indicated that adolescents high on individualism and collectivism reported lower depression and stress, and higher PA. Furthermore, adolescents with a separated cultural identity (high native pride and low Australian pride) reported the highest levels of depression, but adolescents with separated cultural values (high collectivism and low individualism) reported the lowest levels of depression and anxiety. We concluded that cultural identity and cultural values are differentially related to mental health, and such relationships, albeit moderate, emerge during adolescence.
19
Riley, Ben J., Amii Larsen, Malcolm Battersby i Peter Harvey. "Problem Gambling Among Australian Male Prisoners: Lifetime Prevalence, Help-Seeking, and Association With Incarceration and Aboriginality". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, nr 11 (7.11.2017): 3447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17740557.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Prisoners represent a group containing the highest problem gambling (PG) rate found in any population. PG is of particular concern among Indigenous Australians. Little data exist concerning PG rates among Indigenous Australian prisoners. The present study aimed to address this gap in the literature by examining the lifetime prevalence of PG among male prisoners, whilst identifying prisoners of Aboriginal background. The EIGHT Gambling Screen (Early Intervention Gambling Health Test) was administered to 296 prisoners across three male prisons in South Australia. Previous help-seeking behaviour and forms of gambling were also examined. Sixty percent of prisoners indicated a lifetime prevalence of PG with 18% reporting they were incarcerated due to offending relating to their gambling problem. Indigenous Australian prisoners indicated a significantly higher prevalence of PG (75%) than non-Indigenous prisoners (57%) and reported less than half the rate of help-seeking. Given the high levels of PG and overall low rates of help-seeking among prisoners, prisons may provide an important opportunity to engage this high-risk population with effective treatment programs, in particular culturally appropriate targeted interventions for Australian Indigenous prisoners.
20
Fan, Cynthia, i Anita S. Mak. "MEASURING SOCIAL SELF-EFFICACY IN A CULTURALLY DIVERSE STUDENT POPULATION". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 26, nr 2 (1.01.1998): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1998.26.2.131.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper reports the construction and validation of a measure of social self-efficacy in a range of social interaction situations commonly experienced by tertiary students, including situations posing special concern to recent arrivals to the Australian educational setting. Participants in the first study were 228 undergraduate students. Among these, 91 were Australia-born with English-speaking-background parents (Anglo-Australians), 90 were also Australia-born but had parents from a non-English-speaking-background (NESB Australia-born), and 47 were overseas-born with NESB parents (NESB immigrants). Item and factor analyses yielded a 20-item, 4-factors Social Self-Efficacy Scale for Students (SSESS). The four factors were Absence of Social Difficulties, Social Confidence, Sharing Interests, and Friendship Initiatives. Evidence of the scale's satisfactory internal consistency reliability, and its concurrent and construct validity is presented. Indication of satisfactory test-retest reliability was obtained from a second sample of 16 university students. Applications and directions for further research are discussed.
21
He, Baogang. "Collaborative and Conflictive Trilateralism". Asian Survey 54, nr 2 (marzec 2014): 247–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2014.54.2.247.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper provides a critical overview of Australian, Chinese, and American perspectives on trilateralism, with a detailed discussion of Australian debates on the matter. Its aim is to trace the evolution of the changing discourse on the rise of China, examine major debates in Australia, and provide both an intellectual background and an overview for this special issue.
22
Lea, Toby, Michael Costello, Limin Mao, Garrett Prestage, Iryna Zablotska, James Ward, John Kaldor, John de Wit i Martin Holt. "Elevated reporting of unprotected anal intercourse and injecting drug use but no difference in HIV prevalence among Indigenous Australian men who have sex with men compared with their Anglo-Australian peers". Sexual Health 10, nr 2 (2013): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh12097.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background Although half of the HIV notifications among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (‘Indigenous Australians’) are attributed to homosexual transmission, there has been little research examining sexual and drug use risk practices among Indigenous Australian men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: Respondents were Indigenous Australian (n = 1278) and Anglo-Australian men (n = 24 002) participating in the routine cross-sectional Gay Community Periodic Surveys conducted in Australia from 2007 to 2011. Sociodemographic characteristics, sexual risk practices, drug use, HIV testing and HIV status of Indigenous and Anglo-Australian men were compared and evaluated to discover whether Indigenous status was independently associated with HIV risk practices. Results: Although an equivalent proportion of Indigenous and Anglo-Australian men reported being HIV-positive (9.6%), Indigenous MSM were more likely to report unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners in the previous 6 months (27.9% v. 21.5%; Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.49). Indigenous men were more likely than Anglo-Australian men to report use of several specific drugs and twice as likely to report injecting drug use in the previous 6 months (8.8% v. 4.5%; AOR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.11–1.86). Conclusions: Despite a higher proportion of Indigenous men reporting sexual and drug use practices that increase the risk of HIV transmission, there were no differences in the HIV status of Indigenous and Anglo-Australian men. However, the elevated rates of risk practices suggest that Indigenous MSM should remain a focus for HIV prevention, care and support.
23
Walker-Nolan, Lorne. "An Introduction to Crime & Punishment". Coolabah, nr 29 (28.02.2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/co2021291-3.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Few scholars of Australian history need reminding that Colonial Australia began as a British prison. The detrimental effect these origins had, and arguably still have, on Indigenous Australia is unambiguous. The extent to which this brutal background shaped the modern nation merits re-evaluation. In this issue of Coolabah, we aim to extrapolate and explore the links stretching from the First Fleet, and assess how much of a role this past plays in the building of the modern Australian nation.
24
PARR, NICHOLAS J. "FAMILY BACKGROUND, SCHOOLING AND CHILDLESSNESS IN AUSTRALIA". Journal of Biosocial Science 37, nr 2 (16.03.2004): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932004006546.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Using data from Wave 1 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, this paper analyses the extent to which childlessness among Australian women aged 40–54 years varies according to the size and type of family in which they were brought up, and the level and type of schooling they had. Multilevel logistic analysis shows that having been educated in a non-government school, having stayed at school to year 12, having a small number of siblings, at age 14 having a father who was either dead or absent, at age 14 having a father who was employed in a professional occupation, or being a migrant from North or West Europe, North America, East Asia or South-East Asia, all are significantly associated with higher rates of childlessness among women in the 40–54 years age range. The effects of these early lifecourse variables on marital and socioeconomic status in later life, and hence on childlessness, are also considered. The implications of the findings for fertility trends and for Australia’s public debate are discussed.
25
Naidoo, Loshini. "Educating refugee-background students in Australian schools and universities". Intercultural Education 26, nr 3 (4.05.2015): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2015.1048079.
Pełny tekst źródła
26
Der Vartanian, Carolyn, Vivienne Milch, Gail Garvey, Cleola Anderiesz, Jane Salisbury, Candice-Brooke Woods, Melissa Austen, Rhona Wang i Dorothy Mary Kate Keefe. "COVID-19 and cancer: Strategic health promotion for indigenous Australians during a pandemic." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, nr 15_suppl (20.05.2021): e24028-e24028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e24028.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
e24028 Background: Given the impact of COVID-19 on Indigenous and ethnic minority populations observed globally, keeping COVID-19 out of vulnerable Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous Australian) communities remains a priority. Compared to non-Indigenous Australians, Indigenous Australians experience disparities in cancer incidence and outcomes due to social disadvantage, increased cancer-related modifiable risk factors, poorer access to health services and lower participation in screening. During the pandemic, cancer-related investigations and treatment reduced significantly in Australia, leading to potential decreases in cancer diagnoses and consequences for future survival outcomes. Concerned about the risk of morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 for Indigenous Australians, as well as worsening cancer outcomes, Cancer Australia undertook strategic health promotion initiatives, to inform and support optimal cancer care. Methods: In consultation with respected Indigenous colleagues to ensure cultural appropriateness of language and information, we published a dedicated webpage titled ‘ Cancer and COVID-19 – what it means for our Mob*’ with tailored information, advice, and links to key resources and support services for Indigenous Australians. We also released a video titled ‘ Act early for our Mob’s Health’, providing targeted, culturally appropriate, consumer-friendly information to encourage Indigenous Australians to see their doctor or Aboriginal Health Worker with symptoms that may be due to cancer. Results: The information hub has been well-received among the Indigenous Australian community, receiving over 3,200 visits, and the social media campaigns have received over 1.4 million impressions and 46,000 video views between mid-March 2020 to mid-February 2021. This campaign has supported proactivity among the Indigenous population in keeping their communities safe during the pandemic, maintaining a population rate of COVID-19 of less than one percent of all confirmed cases in Australia. Conclusions: Culturally appropriate information and resources developed through the process of co-design can help to influence positive health behaviour change in Indigenous populations. We predict that our strategic, multi-channel health promotion campaign is contributing to keeping the Indigenous Australian community safe and informed during the pandemic, with additional work needed to monitor cancer rates and outcomes and address the ongoing information needs of the community. *Mob is a colloquial term to identify a group of Indigenous Australians associated with a family or community from a certain place.
27
Tate, Brendan, Julia Carpenter, Rick Tinker i Blake Orr. "COSMIC RADIATION EXPOSURE TO THE AUSTRALIAN PUBLIC". Radiation Protection Dosimetry 193, nr 2 (styczeń 2021): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncab023.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract A component of natural background radiation is exposure to galactic cosmic radiation (GCR). Annual GCR doses to the Australian public at ground levels and at altitudes of commercial domestic and international flights were estimated using the cosmic radiation dose modelling tool CARI-6. The annual population weighted average dose to Australians from GCR was estimated to be 342 μSv, of which 14.7 μSv (5%) was from domestic travel, 30.7 μSv (10%) was from international travel and 297 μSv (85%) of the dose was received at ground level. This study showed that critical population groups that are frequent flyers may exceed reference levels where additional awareness or protection should be considered. The GCR dose portion is ~25% of the total annual background radiation dose received by the Australian public.
28
White, Michael A. "Community Colleges in Western Australia — Historical Accidents and Policy Dilemmas". Australian Journal of Education 30, nr 1 (kwiecień 1986): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494418603000106.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper traces the establishment of Western Australia's three community colleges. Features of this development are significant government initiatives, historical accidents, and policy issues concerning the coordination, control, and future directions of new post-secondary institutions. All this is examined against a background of debates about the control and management of the state's system of technical and further education. The policy issues that are raised are similar to issues discussed in most Australian states, and invite speculation about the future shape of technical and further education in Western Australia that is highly relevant to what is happening in other parts of the nation.
29
Rawson, Helen, i Pranee Liamputtong. "Influence of traditional Vietnamese culture on the utilisation of mainstream health services for sexual health issues by second-generation Vietnamese Australian young women". Sexual Health 6, nr 1 (2009): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh08040.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background: The present paper discusses the impact the traditional Vietnamese culture has on the uptake of mainstream health services for sexual health matters by Vietnamese Australian young women. It is part of a wider qualitative study that explored the factors that shaped the sexual behaviour of Vietnamese Australian young women living in Australia. Methods: A Grounded Theory methodology was used, involving in-depth interviews with 15 Vietnamese Australian young women aged 18 to 25 years who reside in Victoria, Australia. Results: The findings demonstrated that the ethnicity of the general practitioner had a clear impact on the women utilising the health service. They perceived that a Vietnamese doctor would hold the traditional view of sex as held by their parents’ generation. They rationalised that due to cultural mores, optimum sexual health care could only be achieved with a non-Vietnamese health professional. Conclusion: It is evident from the present study that cultural influences can impact on the sexual health of young people from culturally diverse backgrounds and in Australia’s multicultural society, provision of sexual health services must acknowledge the specific needs of ethnically diverse young people.
30
Perotti, Olivia M., Storm Holwill, Sadhishaan Sreedharan, Daniel J. Reilly, Warren M. Rozen i David J. Hunter-Smith. "Plastic and reconstructive surgical research in Australia and New Zealand: A bibliometric analysis". Australasian Journal of Plastic Surgery 1, nr 1 (1.03.2018): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34239/ajops.v1n1.48.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background: Bibliometrics is the analysis of research produced by individuals and institutions. While previous analyses have assessed sub-specialty fields, as well as contributions of individual countries to the plastic surgical literature, no bibliometric analyses to date have measured the contribution of plastic surgeons from Australia and New Zealand.Methods: Plastic surgery journals with the 15 highest impact factors were identified. Total publications in a ten-year period from October 2007 to September 2017 by Australian and New Zealand Plastic Surgeons were recorded, as were h-indices for all surgeons.Results: 588 articles were published by 498 surgeons, with the largest numbers in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (142), Burns (133), and the Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (112). Mean h-index for Associate Professors was 9.29, and for Professors was 17.17.Conclusion: Australian and New Zealand plastic surgeons continue to be actively involved in world-class research and innovation. The volume and quantity of research produced supports the development of an Australasian Journal of Plastic Surgery.
31
Perotti, Olivia M., Storm Holwill, Sadhishaan Sreedharan, Daniel J. Reilly, Warren M. Rozen i David J. Hunter-Smith. "Plastic and reconstructive surgical research in Australia and New Zealand: A bibliometric analysis". Australasian Journal of Plastic Surgery 1, nr 1 (30.01.2018): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34239/ajops.v1i1.48.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background: Bibliometrics is the analysis of research produced by individuals and institutions. While previous analyses have assessed sub-specialty fields, as well as contributions of individual countries to the plastic surgical literature, no bibliometric analyses to date have measured the contribution of plastic surgeons from Australia and New Zealand.Methods: Plastic surgery journals with the 15 highest impact factors were identified. Total publications in a ten-year period from October 2007 to September 2017 by Australian and New Zealand Plastic Surgeons were recorded, as were h-indices for all surgeons.Results: 588 articles were published by 498 surgeons, with the largest numbers in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (142), Burns (133), and the Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (112). Mean h-index for Associate Professors was 9.29, and for Professors was 17.17.Conclusion: Australian and New Zealand plastic surgeons continue to be actively involved in world-class research and innovation. The volume and quantity of research produced supports the development of an Australasian Journal of Plastic Surgery.
32
WILSON, CLEVO, i CLEM TISDELL. "Knowledge of birds and willingness to support their conservation: an Australian case study". Bird Conservation International 15, nr 3 (wrzesień 2005): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270905000419.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This case study concentrates on the extent of knowledge among the Australian public of Australia's tropical bird species, and their willingness to support their conservation. In order to place this issue in context, we provide background information on the status of Australian bird species, focusing attention on species that occur in tropical Australia. Then, using questionnaire survey results, we consider the hypothesis that the public's support for the conservation of different bird species depends on their understanding of the species' existence and status. Based on results from a sample of residents in Brisbane, Queensland, we found that knowledge of bird species that occur exclusively in the Australian tropics (including tropical Queensland) was very poor compared with that of those occurring in the Brisbane area that are relatively common. Experimental results indicated that when respondents in the sample had an option to allocate A$1,000 between 10 bird species listed in the survey, they allocated more funds to the better-known and more common species, unless they were provided with balanced information about all the selected species. With balanced information, the average allocation to bird species confined mostly to the Australian tropics, particularly those threatened, increased. This demonstrates the conservation implications of information provision about bird species. The results showed that public education can play a crucial role in attempts to conserve bird species that are poorly known and threatened.
33
Rees, Susan, Mohammed Mohsin, Batool Moussa, Jane Fisher, Zachary Steel, Nawal Nadar, Fatima Hassoun, Batoul Khalil, Mariam Youssef i Yalini Krishna. "Cohort profile: intimate partner violence and mental health among women from refugee background and a comparison group of Australian-born – the WATCH cohort study". BMJ Open 12, nr 5 (maj 2022): e051887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051887.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
PurposeThe Women Aware with Their Children study was created because prospective data are required to accurately guide prevention programmes for intimate partner violence (IPV) and to improve the mental health and resettlement trajectories of women from refugee backgrounds in Australia.Participants1335 women (685 consecutively enrolled from refugee backgrounds and 650 randomly selected Australian-born) recruited during pregnancy from three public antenatal clinics in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia. The mean age was 29.7 years among women from refugee backgrounds and 29.0 years among women born in the host nation. Main measures include IPV, mood, panic, post-traumatic stress disorder, disability and living difficulties.Findings to datePrevalence of IPV at all three time points is significantly higher for refugee-background women. The trend data showed that reported IPV rates among Australian-born women increased from 25.8% at time 1 to 30.1% at time 3, while for refugee-background women this rate declined from 44.4% at time 1 to 42.6% at time 3. Prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) at all three time points is higher for refugee-background women. MDD among Australian-born women significantly declined from 14.5% at time 1 to 9.9% at time 3, while for refugee-background women it fluctuated from 25.1% at time 1 to 17.3% at time 2 and to 19.1% at time 3.Future plansWe are currently examining trajectories of IPV and mental disorder across four time points. Time 4 occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, enabling a unique opportunity to examine the impacts of the pandemic over time. Time 5 started in August 2021 and time 6 will begin approximately 12 months later. The children at time 5 are in the early school years, providing the capacity to examine behaviour, development and well-being of the index child.
34
Huang, Hui, Farzad Sharifian, Susan Feldman, Hui Yang, Harriet Radermacher i Colette Browning. "Cross-cultural conceptualizations of ageing in Australia". Cognitive Linguistic Studies 5, nr 2 (31.12.2018): 261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00021.hua.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract In this paper, the framework of Cultural Linguistics is employed to examine how older people from two different ethnic backgrounds in Australia conceptualize ageing and their own experience of ageing. The paper employs a qualitative method for the instantiations of interviews from two focus groups of Australian women. The results indicated that women of Anglo-Celtic background had a more self-oriented perception of ageing, aged care and self, while women of Chinese background had a more relational outlook. However, the evidence indicated that changes were taking place in both traditions despite a certain degree of continuity.
35
Hatoss, Aniko, i Terry Sheely. "Language maintenance and identity among Sudanese-Australian refugee-background youth". Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 30, nr 2 (marzec 2009): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434630802510113.
Pełny tekst źródła
36
Peach, Elizabeth, Chris Lemoh, Mark Stoove, Paul Agius, Carol El Hayek, Nasra Higgins i Margaret Hellard. "Aiming for 90–90–90 – the importance of understanding the risk factors for HIV exposure and advanced HIV infection in migrant populations and other groups who do not report male-to-male sex". Sexual Health 15, nr 5 (2018): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh17192.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background In Australia, new HIV diagnoses increasingly occur among people who do not report male-to-male sex. Among migrants, it is not clear what proportion acquired infection before migration. Similarly, among Australian-born people, it is not clear what proportion acquired infection in-country. There is a need to better understand the epidemiology of HIV in people who do not report male-to-male sex. Methods: Victorian public health surveillance data were used to classify migrants as having likely acquired HIV before or after arrival to Australia using a CD4 cell count decline method to estimate date of infection. Place of exposure for Australian-born people was estimated based on self-report. Factors associated with place of HIV acquisition, advanced infection and newly acquired infection were explored among migrants and among Australian-born people. Results: Between July 1996 and June 2014, there were 821 new non-MSM HIV diagnoses. Most (58%) were migrants, and of these, half (54%) were estimated to have acquired HIV before migration. Among Australian-born people, 27% reported exposure likely occurring abroad; the majority of these were men who reported exposure in South-East Asia. Advanced infection was common in migrants (45%) and Australian-born people (35%). Among migrants, birth in South-East Asia was associated with increased odds of advanced infection. Conclusion: These results highlight the potential vulnerability of migrants after arrival in Australia, especially those from South-East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, and that of Australian-born men travelling to these regions. Public health practice must be strengthened to meet prevention needs of these populations in line with Australian policy.
37
Nugraha, Nur Arif. "Controversies of the Implementation of Carbon Tax Policy for the Australian Economy: Harmful or Beneficial?" Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) 6, nr 2 (1.11.2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ajis.6.2.109-122.2017.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Australian government had an experience in carbon tax policy implementation and evidently, it did not work out since it was enacted for the first time in 2012. The background of this policy was the Kyoto Protocol in 2007. In the beginning, Australia and United States considered as resistant countries. However, the government finally implemented carbon tax policy in 2012. There were many debates around this issue, especially two major parties, Labour and Liberal. After some considerations, the Australian government decided to repeal this policy in 2014. This study will focus on controversies around the implementation of carbon tax policy. The first part will describe the background of carbon tax policy. The next part will expose on positive impacts of the policy implementation on the Australian economy, while the following part will focus on negative impacts on household expenditures. The final part will conclude which actions the government should decide either continues or terminates carbon tax policy. Keywords: implementation, carbon tax policy, environment, household, economy
38
Phan, Ngoc Minh Hien, Helen Faddy, Robert Flower, Kirsten Spann i Eileen Roulis. "Ancestral Area Reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2 Indicates Multiple Sources of Entry into Australia". Open Bioinformatics Journal 14, nr 1 (2.11.2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875036202114010013.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). International travels to Australia during the early stages of the pandemic prior to border closure provided avenues for this virus to spread into Australia. Studies of SARS-CoV-2 biogeographical distribution can contribute to the understanding of the viral original sources to Australia. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clonality and ancestral sources of Australian SARS-CoV-2 isolates using phylogenetic methods. Methods: We retrieved 1,346 complete genomes from Australia along with 153 genomes from other countries from the GISAID and NCBI nucleotide databases as of the 14th May 2020. A representative dataset of 270 Australian and international sequences were resulted from performance of nucleotide redundancy reduction by CD-HIT. We then constructed a median-joining network by Network 10.1.0.0, and phylogenies by IQ-Tree, BEAST and FastTree. The Bayesian statistical dispersal-vicariance analysis (S-DIVA) and Bayesian interference for discrete areas (BayArea) built in RASP were used to reconstruct ancestral ranges over the phylogenetic trees. Results: Two major clusters, from Europe and from Asia, were observed on the network of 183 haplotypes with distinct nucleotide variations. Analysis of ancestral area reconstruction over the phylogenies indicated most Australian SARS-CoV-2 sequences were disseminated from Europe and East Asia-Southeast Asia. Conclusion: The finding is genetic evidence for the geographic origins of the Australian SARS-CoV-2 sequences. Most Australian sequences were genetically similar to those from Europe and East Asia-Southeast Asia, which were also suggested as two main sources of introduction of SARS-CoV-2 to Australia.
39
Van Der Veen, Roger. "Rehabilitation Counselling with Clients from Non-English Speaking Countries". Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 5, nr 2 (1999): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323892200001095.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
People born in non-English Speaking Countries (NESCs) and resident in Australia make up 14.2% of the Australian population and a sizeable proportion of the current immigration program — the humanitarian and non-humanitarian components. This article presents some background about the numbers of overseas born people resident in Australia especially those from NESCs, a brief history of the Australian immigration program, and the present policy of multiculturalism in the context of settlement. Some of these overseas born people have already, or are likely to, participate in rehabilitation counselling, and it is argued that rehabilitation counselling processes will be enhanced with a knowledge of such clients' culture as well as the practical application of general cross-cultural casework skills.
40
Creagh, Susan. "‘Language Background Other Than English’: a problem NAPLaN test category for Australian students of refugee background". Race Ethnicity and Education 19, nr 2 (16.12.2013): 252–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2013.843521.
Pełny tekst źródła
41
O’Toole, John. "The basic principles of a socially just arts curriculum, and the place of drama". Australian Educational Researcher 48, nr 5 (8.10.2021): 819–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13384-021-00480-6.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractThis paper provides a descriptive historical analysis of the planning and writing of the Australian Curriculum: The Arts which occurred from 2009 to 2013. This process involved extensive consultation across a range of stakeholders, including curriculum research, background reading and analysis that preceded the Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority’s writing process. The curriculum itself was underpinned by a range of democratic principles, including the importance of developing a socially just curriculum. This necessitated extensive discussion which interrogated the terms excellence and equity to ensure a high-quality arts education was accessible for all students, regardless of their background. The implementation of these principles is then explored through the perspective of the Drama writing team, including the importance of the subject Drama in developing a sense of inquiry and empathy in students by exploring their own and others’ stories and points of view. The final curriculum document for the Arts, and specifically for Drama exemplifies the importance of these social justice principles in responding to the Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians (2008) which advocates for equity and excellence in Australian schooling and for all young Australians to become successful learners, confident and creative individuals and active and informed citizens.
42
Bartlett, Francesca, i Heather Douglas. "‘Benchmarking’ a Supreme Court and Federal Court judge in Australia". Oñati Socio-legal Series 8, nr 9 (31.12.2018): 1355–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-0992.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In this article, we reflect upon the backgrounds and career trajectories of judicial officers currently presiding over the Federal Court and Supreme Courts, which are some of the highest courts, in Australia. We gathered information through publicly available websites in Australia providing official biographical information, and drew on academic efforts to fill in more details about the judiciary. While patchy, the picture today in the Australian judiciary is of a relatively uniform educational and career background – for both male and female judges. Our analysis shows that judges are predominantly recruited from a long career at the private Bar. However, given continued professional barriers to women succeeding in the Australian legal profession which we describe, we argue that it is time to take seriously the stated goals of modern judicial appointment to widen the pool and consider merit that is not solely defined by a benchmark male career. Planteamos una reflexión sobre los orígenes y las trayectorias de las autoridades judiciales que presiden el Tribunal Federal y los Tribunales Supremos, algunas de las instancias judiciales más altas de Australia. Recopilamos información publicada en webs australianas que proporcionan biografías oficiales, y completamos el retrato judicial mediante recursos académicos. Aunque borroso, el retrato actual del mundo judicial australiano muestra un origen educativo y profesional similar para jueces y juezas. Nuestro análisis muestra que jueces y juezas provienen generalmente de una larga carrera profesional en la abogacía. Sin embargo, debido a los constantes obstáculos –los cuales describimos– que deben enfrentar las mujeres para triunfar en la profesión jurídica, argumentamos que ha llegado el momento de abordar seriamente los objetivos establecidos de la designación judicial, para ampliar el grupo y tomar en consideración méritos que no están definidos únicamente por la trayectoria legal masculina.
43
Zhou, Ye, i Li Zou. "On Development History of Australia’s Language Policy and the Enlightenment to China’s Foreign Language Education". Theory and Practice in Language Studies 7, nr 5 (1.05.2017): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0705.06.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
As is well-known, Australia is the first English country to officially make and efficiently carry out multi-lingual and plural culture in the world, whose language education policy has been highly spoken of by most linguists and politicians in the world in terms of the formulation and implementation. By studying such items as affecting factors, development history, implementing strategies of Australian language education policy under the background of multiculturalism, researchers can get a clue of the law of development of the language education policy in the developed countries and even the world. To be specific, through studying the development history of Australian language education policy under the background of multiculturalism, the paper puts forward some enlightenment and presents some advice on the China’s foreign language education.
44
Fozdar, Farida, Sarah Prout Quicke i David Mickler. "Are Africans in Australia a Diaspora?" Diaspora Studies 15, nr 1 (21.02.2022): 87–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/09763457-20221002.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Migration from the African continent to Australia has increased in volume and diversity in the last three decades, with the most recent census identifying 2.6 % of the total Australian population as either born in, or having at least one parent born in, Africa. In examining demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and interrogating political, economic, social and cultural transnational practices, using an interdisciplinary approach that combines demography, political science and sociology, this paper seeks to identify in what ways and for what purposes this population might be considered a pan-African diaspora. We argue that there is some evidence of (i) pan-African consciousness underpinning the collective identity of African-Australian community organisations; (ii) governments, NGO s, communities and individuals engaging in activities that contribute meaningfully to Australian society, countries of origin and identity formation; (iii) significant diversity and important cleavages among these populations. Broader research is required to more adequately identify and measure the multifaceted transnational contributions of African-background peoples in Australia.
45
Kifle, T., P. Kler i S. Shankar. "Immigrant job satisfaction: the Australian experience". International Journal of Manpower 37, nr 1 (4.04.2016): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-02-2014-0053.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the level of job satisfaction among Australian immigrants relative to the native-born over time as a measure of their labour market assimilation. Design/methodology/approach – Using the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia panel data set, six measures of job satisfaction are tested using the random effects Generalised Least Squares method with a Mundlak correction. Labour market assimilation is defined by “years since arrival” and also via cohort effects. Findings – The authors find statistical evidence of general job dissatisfaction amongst immigrants in Australia relative to the native-born, driven mainly by non-English Speaking Background (NESB) immigrants, though this dissipates for long-term immigrants, irrespective of English Speaking Background (ESB) or NESB status. Econometric results strengthen these results though improvements over time are only strongly evident for NESB immigrants, whilst results for ESB immigrants remain mixed, and is dependent on the definition of “assimilation”. Originality/value – This paper extends the immigrant labour market assimilation literature by introducing job satisfaction as a measure of assimilation.
46
Clark, Shannon, Rhian Parker, Brenton Prosser i Rachel Davey. "Aged care nurse practitioners in Australia: evidence for the development of their role". Australian Health Review 37, nr 5 (2013): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah13052.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Aim To consider evidence surrounding the emerging role of nurse practitioners in Australia with a particular focus on the provision of healthcare to older people. Methods Methods used included keyword, electronic database and bibliographic searches of international literature, as well as review of prominent policy reports in relation to aged care and advanced nursing roles. Results This paper reports on evidence from systematic reviews and international studies that show that nurse practitioners improve healthcare outcomes, particularly for hard to service populations. It also maps out the limited Australian evidence on the impact of nurse practitioners’ care in aged care settings. Conclusions If Australia is to meet the health needs of its ageing population, more evidence on the effectiveness, economic viability and sustainability of models of care, including those utilising nurse practitioners, is required. What is known about the topic? Australia, like many industrialised countries, faces unprecedented challenges in the provision of health services to an ageing population. Attempts to respond to these challenges have resulted in changing models of healthcare and shifting professional boundaries, including the development of advance practice roles for nurses. One such role is that of the nurse practitioner. There is international evidence that nurse practitioners provide high-quality healthcare. Despite being established in the United States for nearly 50 years, nurse practitioners are a relatively recent addition to the Australian health workforce. What does this paper add? This paper positions a current Australian evaluation of nurse practitioners in aged care against the background of the development of the role of nurse practitioners internationally, evidence for the effectiveness of the role, and evidence for nurse practitioners in aged care. Recent legislative changes in Australia now mean that private nurse practitioner roles can be fully implemented and hence evaluated. In the face of the increasing demands of an ageing population, the paper highlights limitations in current Australian evidence for nurse practitioners in aged care and identifies the importance of a national evaluation to begin to address these limitations. What are the implications for practitioners? The success of future healthcare planning and policy depends on implementing effective initiatives to address the needs of older Australians. Mapping the terrain of contemporary evidence for nurse practitioners highlights the need for more research into nurse practitioner roles and their effectiveness across Australia. Understanding the boundaries and limitations to current evidence is relevant for all involved with health service planning and delivery.
47
Dew, Angela. "Protocol Paper: Conducting Life History Interviews to Explore the Journeys of People with Disability from Syrian and Iraqi Refugee Backgrounds Settling in Australia". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 15 (28.07.2021): 7978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157978.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper outlines a research protocol to be undertaken with people with disability from Syrian and Iraqi refugee backgrounds settling in Australia. Since 2012, the numbers of people with disability arriving from these countries has increased with limited understanding about the impact of their refugee journeys on their settlement. The aim of this small-scale exploratory study is to learn about the journeys made by people with disability from Syrian and Iraqi refugee backgrounds from their countries of origin, through transit countries, to Australia in order to understand the impact of these journeys on inclusion and participation in Australian society. This participatory action research study employs a bilingual co-researcher with disability from a Syrian background to conduct life history interviews with up to five participants. Participants will recount their journeys with a focus on the impact of their disability on this experience. The study design is informed by BenEzer and Zetter’s 2014 seminal paper on the importance of the refugee journey to settlement. This study has the potential to foreground the voices and experiences of people with disability from refugee backgrounds who are often absent, silenced or excluded in research and, in so doing, hopefully impact Australian refugee policy.
48
Gao, Jia. "Politics of a Different Kind: Chinese in Immigration Litigation in the Post White Australia Era". Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 3, nr 1 (4.04.2011): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v3i1.1786.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The first mass Chinese immigration to Australia occurred in the 19th century, with approximately 100,000 Chinese arriving between the 1840s and 1901 (Fitzgerald 2007; Ho 2007), during which questions were raised both in relation to the Chinese rights of migration and settlement in Australia, and the validity of the government's actions against the Chinese. The latter question was in fact considered in the colonial courts (Cronin 1993; Lake and Reynolds 2008). Since then, the Chinese in Australia have never shied away from taking various legal actions, although they are normally seen as people who keep to themselves. Australia abandoned its 'White Australia' policy in 1974, and lately Australia has placed more emphasis on skilled and business migration. As a result, many believe that Chinese migrants have come to Australia under its normal skilled, business or family migration programs, which ignores the fact that a high proportion of them have obtained their chance to stay in Australia directly or indirectly through a series of legal battles. This paper contributes to the discussion of the Chinese in Australian political life by looking at how the Chinese have fought in the Courts in the post-White Australia era in past decades, and the key features of their unique experiences. This is a different type of political activism, characterising the lives of many Australian Chinese, their engagement with the Australian political system, and becoming part of the background of their identity, transnationality, socio-political attitudes and behaviour and many other traits.
49
Pook, M. J., J. S. Risbey, P. C. McIntosh, C. C. Ummenhofer, A. G. Marshall i G. A. Meyers. "The Seasonal Cycle of Blocking and Associated Physical Mechanisms in the Australian Region and Relationship with Rainfall". Monthly Weather Review 141, nr 12 (25.11.2013): 4534–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00040.1.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract The seasonal cycle of blocking in the Australian region is shown to be associated with major seasonal temperature changes over continental Antarctica (approximately 15°–35°C) and Australia (about 8°–17°C) and with minor changes over the surrounding oceans (below 5°C). These changes are superimposed on a favorable background state for blocking in the region resulting from a conjunction of physical influences. These include the geographical configuration and topography of the Australian and Antarctic continents and the positive west to east gradient of sea surface temperature in the Indo-Australian sector of the Southern Ocean. Blocking is represented by a blocking index (BI) developed by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. The BI has a marked seasonal cycle that reflects seasonal changes in the strength of the westerly winds in the midtroposphere at selected latitudes. Significant correlations between the BI at Australian longitudes and rainfall have been demonstrated in southern and central Australia for the austral autumn, winter, and spring. Patchy positive correlations are evident in the south during summer but significant negative correlations are apparent in the central tropical north. By decomposing the rainfall into its contributions from identifiable synoptic types during the April–October growing season, it is shown that the high correlation between blocking and rainfall in southern Australia is explained by the component of rainfall associated with cutoff lows. These systems form the cyclonic components of blocking dipoles. In contrast, there is no significant correlation between the BI and rainfall from Southern Ocean fronts.
50
Wilkinson, David, Justin J. Beilby, Gillian A. Laven, Nicole L. Chamberlain, David J. Thompson i Caroline O. M. Laurence. "Associations between rural background and where South Australian general practitioners work". Medical Journal of Australia 173, nr 3 (sierpień 2000): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2000.tb125568.x.
Pełny tekst źródła