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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Australian Alps"
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Ji, Fei, Nidhi Nishant, Jason P. Evans, Alejandro Di Di Luca, Giovanni Di Di Virgilio, Kevin K. W. Cheung, Eugene Tam, Kathleen Beyer i Matthew L. Riley. "Rapid Warming in the Australian Alps from Observation and NARCliM Simulations". Atmosphere 13, nr 10 (14.10.2022): 1686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101686.
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The Australian Alps are the highest mountain range in Australia, which are important for biodiversity, energy generation and winter tourism. Significant increases in temperature in the past decades has had a huge impact on biodiversity and ecosystem in this region. In this study, observed temperature is used to assess how temperature changed over the Australian Alps and surrounding areas. We also use outputs from two generations of NARCliM (NSW and Australian Regional Climate Modelling) to investigate spatial and temporal variation of future changes in temperature and its extremes. The results show temperature increases faster for the Australian Alps than the surrounding areas, with clear spatial and temporal variation. The changes in temperature and its extremes are found to be strongly correlated with changes in albedo, which suggests faster warming in cool season might be dominated by decrease in albedo resulting from future changes in natural snowfall and snowpack. The warming induced reduction in future snow cover in the Australian Alps will have a significant impact on this region.
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Johnston, Frances M., i Catherine M. Pickering. "Alien Plants in the Australian Alps". Mountain Research and Development 21, nr 3 (sierpień 2001): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2001)021[0284:apitaa]2.0.co;2.
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Zylstra, Philip John. "Flammability dynamics in the Australian Alps". Austral Ecology 43, nr 5 (13.03.2018): 578–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aec.12594.
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Good, Roger. "Ecologically Sustainable Development in the Australian Alps". Mountain Research and Development 15, nr 3 (sierpień 1995): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3673932.
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Beeton, Nicholas J., i Christopher N. Johnson. "Modelling horse management in the Australian Alps". Ecological Management & Restoration 20, nr 1 (styczeń 2019): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emr.12350.
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König, U. "Climate change and snow tourism in Australia". Geographica Helvetica 54, nr 3 (30.09.1999): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-54-147-1999.
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Abstract. This paper examines impacts of climate change as outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCQ on the snow-reliability ofthe Australian ski fields. It is shown that with a «best case» climate scenario for the Australian Alps, all but one resort (Mt Baw Baw) would have at least 60 days of natural snowcover in 2030 and would therefore still be snow-reliable. With a «worst case» scenario in 2070 on the other hand, none of Australia's current ski resorts would be able to operate a profitable ski industry. Possible adaptation strategies of the ski industry to climate change are suggested. It is demonstrated that the more technical adaptation strategies such as snow-making, super-grooming, and snow-farming are well-developed in Australia, while clearly not enough has been done in both the development of non-snow related activities in winter and an enhanced all-season Visitation. This paper therefore argues that Australian ski resorts need to diversify more than they do today or they will ultimately close due to the negative effects of climate change.
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Doherty, Michael D., A. Malcolm Gill, Geoffrey J. Cary i Mike P. Austin. "Seed viability of early maturing alpine ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis subsp. delegatensis) in the Australian Alps, south-eastern Australia, and its implications for management under changing fire regimes". Australian Journal of Botany 65, nr 7 (2017): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt17068.
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Eucalyptus delegatensis R.T. Baker subsp. delegatensis is an interval-sensitive, fire-killed eucalypt that dominates large tracts of montane forest in the Australian Alps. Although it has been widely accepted in forest management that E. delegatensis takes 20 years to flower and fruit after stand-replacing fire events, recent observations after high intensity fires in the Australian Alps have shown that early flowering and fruiting is occurring from what can be termed ‘precocious’ individuals in some areas. In some instances, early flowering and fruit set is occurring within 6 years after stand-replacing fire. One historical study in the Australian Capital Territory had noted that such seed was viable, but we found no reported experiments documenting this or detailing the degree of viability. Here we discuss the results of a germination experiment undertaken on seed collected from Namadgi National Park from early-maturing alpine ash trees. Although at the low end of known viability estimates for E. delegatensis, seed from these individuals was nonetheless found to be viable, with a mean of 455 (s.d. = 139) germinants per 10 g of chaff and seed mix. We discuss this result in relation to fire management in the Australian Alps and suggest further research that needs to be undertaken to better document and understand the phenomenon.
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Stoeckl, Natalie, i Trevor Mules. "A Travel Cost Analysis of the Australian Alps". Tourism Economics 12, nr 4 (grudzień 2006): 495–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000006779320006.
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Foster, C. N., i B. C. Scheele. "Feral-horse impacts on corroboree frog habitat in the Australian Alps". Wildlife Research 46, nr 2 (2019): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18093.
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Context Introduced herbivores can have a substantial impact on native plants and animals, particularly in ecosystems that do not share a recent evolutionary history with similar herbivore species. The feral horse, Equus caballus, has a widespread but patchy distribution in Australia, with large populations present in national parks in the Australian Alps. There are few peer-reviewed studies of the impacts of feral horses on ecosystems in this region. However, impacts could be substantial, particularly in wetland and riparian environments that are focal points for horse activity and sensitive to trampling and physical disturbance. Aims In the present study, we used replicated horse exclosures to investigate the effects of feral horses on breeding habitat of the critically endangered northern corroboree frog, Pseudophryne pengilleyi, in the Australian Alps. Methods Pseudophryne pengilleyi constructs nests and lays eggs in dense litter surrounding small, seasonally flooded wetland pools. In 2010, we sampled the litter depth adjacent to pools at eight long-term P. pengilleyi monitoring sites. In 2011, horse exclosures were established at each of the eight sites, such that less than half of the wetland area was inside the exclosure. In 2015, we measured litter depth surrounding pools inside and outside the exclosures, as well as at three additional sites where feral horses were absent. Key results We found that the pool-edge litter was 1.9 times deeper in areas without horses (inside horse-exclosure plots and horse-free sites) than in areas accessible to horses (unfenced areas in horse-occupied sites). Conclusions Our study has presented experimental evidence that horse grazing and trampling reduce breeding-habitat quality for P. pengilleyi, which could result in reduced reproduction success. Implications Ensuring the persistence of high-quality habitat is crucial for the conservation of P. pengilleyi, particularly given the severity of the decline of this species associated with chytrid fungus. Our results have provided direct evidence of a negative feral-horse impact on the habitat of a threatened animal species in the Australian Alps.
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Grover, S. P. P., B. M. McKenzie, J. A. Baldock i W. A. Papst. "Chemical characterisation of bog peat and dried peat of the Australian Alps". Soil Research 43, nr 8 (2005): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr04014.
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The importance of bogs in the catchment hydrology of the Australian Alps has been long recognised but little studied. Damaged bogs are thought to be the source of dried peats now common throughout the Alps. We described the characteristics of a bog peat and a dried peat, to better understand the relationship between the two. Standard chemical properties of peat were measured: pH, loss on ignition, gravimetric contents of carbon and nitrogen, and electrical conductivity. We also measured the concentrations of total and plant-available elements, and the chemical composition of the organic carbon, leading to a measure of the extent of decomposition. The results suggest that this is a typical Sphagnum bog peat—low pH, high carbon content—and the distribution of carbon groups and other elements reflect the stable water source of this groundwater-fed Sphagnum bog. The properties of the dried peat were most similar to the catotelm (lower layer) of the bog peat. This resemblance, combined with decades of field observations, indicates that dried peat may form from the catotelm of bog peat, after the acrotelm (upper layer) dries and erodes. These results have implications for the management of Alps catchments, and further studies are needed to ascertain the hydrologic and carbon cycling roles of organic soils in the Australian Alps.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Australian Alps"
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Walter, Michelle, i n/a. "The Population ecology of wild horses in the Australian Alps". University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental and Heritage Sciences, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050412.151308.
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In this thesis I examine the population ecology of wild horses (Equus caballus) in the
Australian Alps. Wild horses were first introduced into the Alps over 150 years ago.
Paradoxically, they are a feral animal impacting on the environment, but are also a cultural
icon. Managing wild horse populations is contentious and needs to be founded on knowledge
of their population ecology. This is the first study of its kind in the Australian Alps and
therefore has a broad focus. Four general areas were addressed: distribution, estimation of
abundance and density, population dynamics and the influence of brumby-running. The study
was conducted between 1999 and 2002 inclusive in the Australian Alps national parks, which
form a contiguous protected area in south-eastern Australia from the Australian Capital
Territory (ACT) in the north, through New South Wales (NSW) and into Victoria in the
south.
The current distribution of wild horses in the Australian Alps national parks is patchy. There
are five major discrete populations in NSW and Victoria with the northern most population in
Kosciuszko National Park (NSW) bordering on the ACT. A review of published material and
oral history reveals historic influences on distribution. The presence of each population is
associated with introductions by people. The distribution of some populations expanded after
introductions and many have fluctuated over time. Distributions have been contained or
reduced through control by people, natural events such as snow and drought and by
geographical barriers. Park managers eliminated a population of wild horses in the ACT in
the 1980s. Distributions have expanded in areas without active management (notably
northern Kosciuszko National Park) and are likely to continue expanding under a policy of
no management.
In February and March 2001, abundance and density of wild horses were estimated by
helicopter aerial survey in areas where the mapping showed horses to occur. This was the
first time that these parameters have been estimated empirically. I compared three different
aerial survey techniques (strip, mark-recapture and line transect) based on relative accuracy
and precision and found that line transect analysis gave the highest, most precise estimate.
Given that aerial surveys usually underestimate abundance, this method was also likely to be
the most accurate. Mark-recapture over a 50m wide strip gave a similar result but lacked
precision. Strip and mark-recapture techniques performed poorly over 200m strips because
animals were missed. Numbers observed dropped off dramatically beyond the 50m strip.
Line transect analysis (for both observers combined) gave an estimate of 5010 (+/- 1408SE)
horses while mark recapture over 50 metres gave an estimate of 4915 (+/-2733SE). These
estimates correspond to a density of 1.8 horses km-2 over the area surveyed (2789km2). The
results suggest that aerial surveys of large mammals using a wide strip width (200m) and
mark recapture analysis may seriously underestimate population density.
The population dynamics and demography of wild horses were estimated at three sites, Big
Boggy, Cowombat and Currango, every spring and autumn over 3 years. The sites were
spread widely across the Alps with the aim of obtaining a broad understanding of population
dynamics. The survey used Pollock�s robust design and natural markings were used to
identify individuals. There was a seasonal spring peak in population size at Big Boggy with
no clear seasonal trend at the other two sites. Mean wild horse densities determined at Big
Boggy (2.01km-2) and Currango (2.13km-2) were not significantly (p<0.5) different to the
density calculated in the aerial survey, whereas density was significantly higher at Cowombat
(6.4 km-2). Census techniques were of limited use in estimating annual population growth
rate because of low precision.
Demographic analysis showed that none of the populations were increasing at the maximum
intrinsic rate (l = 1.2), and the Big Boggy and Cowombat populations may be stable (l =
1.0/yr). There was an apparent trend of food limitation across the sites. Body condition was
positively related (p<0.01) to pasture biomass. The Currango population was increasing (l =
0.09) associated with higher recruitment, body condition and pasture biomass than in the
other two populations studied. The Cowombat population had the lowest annual finite rate of
increase (l = 1.03), and horses at this site were in the poorest condition and pasture biomass
was lowest. The Big Boggy population was intermediate between the two.
Annual adult survival was constant in all populations at 0.91. Survival in the first three years
of life was more variable with the average at each site ranging from 0.63/yr to 0.76/yr. An
average of 0.26 female foals was born per adult female per year. Sensitivity analysis showed
that population growth rate is most sensitive to changes in adult survival, followed by
fecundity and then survival in the first three years of life. The dynamics observed at each site
was representative of the demography of wild horses in other parts of the world and is typical
for large mammalian herbivores.
Brumby-running is a form of harvesting that is currently being used to control wild horses in
the Alpine National Park (Victoria) and is soon to be trialled in Kosciuszko National Park
(NSW). The effectiveness of brumby-running has not been assessed prior to this study. Data
collected by the Alpine Brumby Management Association and predictive modelling were
used to examine the influence of brumby-running on the wild horse population in Alpine
National Park. Brumby-runners remove about 200 horses per year with a preference for
young animals and adult females. More horses are caught in autumn (61/yr) and least in
summer (30/yr) (p<0.05). Brumby-runners do not appear (p>0.05) to target horses in poor
condition. One skilled brumby-runner caught an average of 1.16 horses/day, while his
companions caught an average of 0.55 horses/day. Brumby-runners show behaviour
analogous to social carnivores. Predictive modelling suggests that brumby-runners could
suppress the population of wild horses in Alpine National Park similar to the effects of
predators, or human harvesting of other large mammals. Selecting young animals in the
harvest reduces the impact of harvesting on the population compared to unselective
harvesting, while selecting adult females increases the predicted impact.
There are several management recommendations based on the findings of this thesis that
address concerns for both environmental impact and the cultural value of wild horses. The
distribution of wild horses should not be allowed to expand further, and the size of the wild
horse population should be prevented from increasing further. Other management
recommendations that are more complex involve reducing some populations so that the level
of environmental impact they are causing is acceptable. This requires a definition of
�acceptable impact.� Finally managers should consider eradicating smaller populations.
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Grover, Samantha Patricia Power, i samgrover1@gmail com. "Carbon and water dynamics of peat soils in the Australian Alps". La Trobe University. Centre for Applied Alpine Ecology, School of Life Sciences, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20070627.172842.
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This research investigated carbon dynamics, water dynamics and peat formation at
Wellington Plain peatland in the Victorian Alps. The properties of bog peat and dried
peat were measured, and the ensuing results are outlined below.
The carbon chemistries of both bog peat and dried peat displayed changes with
depth consistent with an increase in the extent of decomposition of the organic
material. Representative changes in the alkyl:O-alkyl ratio down the profile were
0.14 to 0.96 for bog peat and 0.28 to 1.07 for dried peat. Laboratory incubations on
the influence of chemistry, particle size, water content and sample preparation
indicated that, in the absence of confounding factors, peat chemistry was the most
important factor in determining the size of the mineralisable carbon pool. Water
content was the most important factor in determining the rate of carbon
mineralization. In the field, both bog peat and dried peat emitted an average of
2 g CO2/m2/d from the surface. Carbon mineralisation was related to both soil
temperature and soil water content, and this relationship was used to model peat
mineralisation under a range of possible future climate scenarios. Below the surface,
however, I measured lower rates of decomposition in the dried peat than in the bog
peat.
The water-holding capacity of peat was measured in the laboratory, as was the
rate of water movement through peat. Specific yield decreased down the profile in
both bog peat (0.88 to 0.45 cm3/cm3) and dried peat (0.36 to 0.11 cm3/cm3). Hydraulic
conductivity also decreased down the profile in both peats: 5.1x10-4 to 3.0x10-6 m/s in
bog peat, and 1.0x10-4 to 7.0x10-6 m/s in dried peat. Relationships between the
hydrologic properties of peat and its physical and chemical properties were identified.
In the field, fluctuations in the watertable were monitored in concert with rainfall.
These laboratory and field measurements enabled me to develop models of the
hydrology of bog peat and dried peat.
Radioisotope dating indicated that both bog peat and dried peat began forming
around 3300 years ago. The bog peat appeared to have drained to form dried peat
between 131 and 139 years ago. Since that time, erosion appeared to have contributed
more to the loss of organic material from dried peat than carbon mineralisation had.
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Grover, Samantha Patricia Power. "Carbon and water dynamics of peat soils in the Australian Alps /". Access full text, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/thesis/public/adt-LTU20070627.172842/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- La Trobe University, 2006.Research. "A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, [to the] Centre for Applied Alpine Ecology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora". Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-186). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Johnston, Frances Mary. "Exotic Plants in the Australian Alps Including a Case Study of the Ecology of Achillea Millefolium, in Kosciuszko National Park". Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365860.
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Exotic plants are a threat to natural areas world wide including the Australian Alps, one of the largest relatively undisturbed natural areas remaining in Australia. This thesis examines the diversity, abundance and distribution of exotic plants in the Australian Alps, including Kosciuszko National Park and then focuses on Achillea millefolium (L.) (Asteraceae) as a case study of the biology and ecology of an important environmental weed. To determine the diversity and abundance of exotics in the Australian Alps published records of exotic species were reviewed. A total of 175 exotic taxa were recorded in the alpine and subalpine areas representing 41 families and 122 genera. The distribution of exotics was associated with human activities with 80% of exotic taxa found along roads and tracks and nearly 60% around ski resorts. Just over 20% of exotic species were naturalised with some species presenting an environmental threat to the region. To examine the relationship between human disturbance and exotics, vegetation was surveyed and soil analysed on road verges, in runoff areas and in adjacent vegetation along a gravel road in the subalpine zone of Kosciuszko National Park. The road verge was dominated by exotics, the area 10 m from the road verge was dominated by natives and the road drainage areas were dominated by the exotic, A. millefolium. There were also clear differences in the soils, with coarse nutrient poor soils on the road verge, highly organic fine soils in the areas 10 m from the road, and soils with high nutrients and water content in the road drainage areas. The potential for exotics to colonise areas adjacent to roads after disturbance was examined in an experiment conducted along a subalpine road. The composition of plants colonising small gaps created in the existing vegetation (50 cm x 100 cm) was dependant on the distance from the road. In general, gaps one metre from the road verge were recolonised by exotic species while gaps five or ten metres from the road verge were predominantly recolonised by native early succession species. However the exotics A. millefolium and Acetosella vulgaris were present in many sites prior to disturbance, and were the major exotics to recolonise gaps five and ten metres from the road. Therefore disturbance of natural areas where there are exotic propagules present may not necessarily result in a native climax community, but in a community with an even higher cover of exotics than prior to disturbance. These initial studies highlighted the importance of A. millefolium as an environmental weed in the Australian Alps. Therefore further research was carried out on this species. A review of literature highlighted the capacity of this species to colonise and invade both disturbed and natural habitats. Based on current weed risk assessment methodologies this species presents a serious threat to both agricultural and natural environments in Australia. Data on the distribution of A. millefolium was used to develop a CLIMEX® model of its distribution worldwide and in Australia under current and changing climatic conditions. The models indicate that cool, temperate and Mediterranean climates are suitable for this species, while deserts and tropics are unsuitable. Under climate warming scenarios, there would be an overall reduction in the area suitable for A. millefolium, including within Australia, but an increase in suitable sites at higher altitudes. Field and glasshouse experiments were conducted examining the distribution, phenology, resource allocation, seed ecology and competitive abilities of A. millefolium, including any variation in these characteristics associated with increasing altitude. Field surveys and published records of A. millefolium indicate that A. millefolium populations are primarily associated with disturbance, with some limited spread into native vegetation. It occurs along more than 100 km of walking tracks, roads and trails within the Park. Achillea millefolium populations were observed growing between 800 m and 2100 m a.s.l., with the majority of populations occurring in areas above 1200 m a.s.l. The vegetative and flowering phenology studies of A. millefolium confirm that it is able to grow and flower from the tableland to high subalpine with flowering commencing earlier and lasting longer at lower altitude sites. However, even at sites 1760 m altitude, flowering occurred for approximately 80 days with large numbers of inflorescences (19 per m2) at the peak of flowering in early March. The effect of altitude on the allocation of biomass in A. millefolium between above ground, below ground and reproductive structures indicates that with increasing altitude there was a decrease in the relative and absolute allocation of biomass to reproductive structures (average 2.7 kg/m2), although the total number of flower heads was not affected (average 129 flowering heads/inflorescence). There was no effect of altitude on the absolute allocation to below ground (average 3.1 kg/m2) and above ground vegetative structures (average 0.7 kg/m2). The seed ecology of A. millefolium was examined including estimating the potential maximum seed production (51400 seeds/m2), seed rain, and seed viability. There was 60% viability of seed remaining after three years dry storage and 16% viability of seed remaining after three years of burial in the field. All these seed characteristics were highly variable among sites, with either no, or limited effect of increasing altitude. In a glasshouse competition experiment between A. millefolium and the dominant native snowgrass Poa fawcettiae, the weed produced four times as much biomass as the native grass at the end of the 12 week experiment. As a result, when grown together, A. millefolium significantly decreased the root and shoot biomass of P. fawcettiae while P. fawcettiae had no effect on the biomass of A. millefolium. Root interaction from the weed on the grass appeared to be the primary source of competition. Population dynamics modelling using data from this research and from the literature indicated that without human induced control this species has the potential to continue to spread from current populations in subalpine and alpine areas. Therefore a strategy to effectively control this species must include the removal of flowers to decrease the input of seed into the seed bank, limiting the establishment of seedlings and removal of the underground rhizome system. This study has shown that the high altitude areas of the Australian Alps are susceptible to exotic plant invasions. The results also highlight the importance of human induced disturbance in the introduction and distribution of exotics, including the case study species A. millefolium. Increasing severity of conditions with increasing altitude does not appear to be limiting the establishment, growth and reproduction of A. millefolium, even though altitude did affect some components of the ecology of this species in Kosciuszko National Park.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental and Applied Science
Full Text
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Verrall, Brodie. "Assessing alpine vegetation dynamics using long-term ecological monitoring amidst rapid climate change". Thesis, Griffith University, 2023. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/420962.
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Alpine ecosystems occur above the bioclimatic treeline and support cryophilic plant communities with high endemism, which are governed by low temperatures and short growing seasons. However, the climate of many alpine ecosystems is changing rapidly with warming temperatures, declining snow cover and lengthening growing seasons. Alpine vegetation dynamics in response to changes in climate over recent decades have been observed via long-term ecological monitoring techniques, but such studies are less common in the southern hemisphere including in the marginal alpine ecosystems of the Australian Alps. Therefore, the scale, ecological processes and implications of climate-induced dynamics are less clear for this important ecological, cultural and socioeconomic region. The central aim of this thesis is to understand the responses of vegetation in the largest contiguous alpine area in the Australian Alps, the Kosciuszko alpine area, to climate change over recent decades across varying spatial scales.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
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König, Urs. "Tourism in a warmer world : implications of climate change due to enhanced greenhouse effect for the ski industry in the Australian Alps /". Zürich : Univ. Zürich-Irchel Geographisches Institut, 1998. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00019735.pdf.
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Scherrer, Pascal, i n/a. "Monitoring Vegetation Change in the Kosciuszko Alpine Zone, Australia". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040715.125310.
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This thesis examined vegetation change over the last 43 years in Australia's largest contiguous alpine area, the Kosciuszko alpine zone in south-eastern Australia. Using historical and current data about the state of the most common vegetation community, tall alpine herbfield, this thesis addressed the questions: (1) what were the patterns of change at the species/genera and life form levels during this time period; (2) what were the patterns of recovery, if recovery occurred, from anthropogenic disturbances such as livestock grazing or trampling by tourists; (3) what impacts did natural disturbances such as drought have on the vegetation and how does it compare to anthropogenic disturbances; and (4) What are the benefits, limitations and management considerations when using long-term data for assessing vegetation changes at the species/genera, life form and community levels? The Kosciuszko alpine zone has important economic, cultural and ecological values. It is of great scientific and biological importance, maintaining an assemblage of vegetation communities found nowhere else in the world. It is one of the few alpine regions in the world with deep loamy soils, and contains endemic flora and fauna and some of the few periglacial and glacial features in Australia. The area also forms the core of the Australian mainland's most important water catchment and is a popular tourist destination, offering a range of recreational opportunities. The vegetation of the Kosciuszko alpine zone is recovering from impacts of livestock grazing and is increasingly exposed to pressures from tourism and anthropogenic climate change. At the same time, natural disturbances such as drought and fire can influence the distribution, composition and diversity of plants. Thus, there is a need for detailed environmental data on this area in order to: (1) better understand ecological relationships; (2) understand existing and potential effects of recreational and management pressures on the region; (3) provide data against which future changes can be assessed; and (4) provide better information on many features of this area, including vegetation, for interpretation, education and management. The research in this thesis utilised three types of ecological information: (1) scientific long-term datasets; (2) photographic records; and (3) a comparison of disturbed and undisturbed vegetation. This research analysed data from one of the longest ongoing monitoring programs in the Australian Alps established by Alec Costin and Dane Wimbush in 1959. Permanent plots (6 transects and 30 photoquadrats) were established at two locations that differed in the time since grazing and have been repeatedly surveyed. Plots near Mt Kosciuszko had not been grazed for 15 years and had nearly complete vegetation cover in 1959, while plots near Mt Gungartan showed extensive impacts of grazing and associated activities which only ceased in 1958. Some transect data from 1959 to 1978 have been analysed by the original researchers. The research presented in this thesis extends this monitoring program with data from additional surveys in 1990, 1999 and 2002 and applies current methods of statistical evaluation, such as ordination techniques, to the whole data set for the first time. Results indicated that the recovery from livestock grazing and the effects of drought have been the main factors affecting vegetation. Recovery from livestock grazing at the three transects at Gungartan was slow and involved: (1) increasing genera diversity; (2) increasing vegetation cover; (3) decreasing amounts of bare ground; and (4) a directional change over time in species composition. Patterns of colonisation and species succession were also documented. In 2002, 44 years after the cessation of grazing, transects near Mt Gungartan had similar vegetation cover and genera diversity to the transects near Mt Kosciuszko, but cover by exposed rock remained higher. A drought in the 1960s resulted in a temporary increase of litter and a shift in the proportional cover of life forms, as grasses died and herb cover increased at both locations. Proportions of cover for life forms reverted to pre-drought levels within a few years. The results also highlighted the spatial variability of tall alpine herbfield. The photoquadrats were surveyed in the years 1959, 1964, 1968, 1978 and 2001 and are analysed for the first time in this thesis. After comparing a range of methods, visual assessment using a 130 point grid was found to be the most suitable technique to measure vegetation cover and genera diversity. At the 18 quadrats near Mt Gungartan, there was a pattern of increasing vegetation cover as bare areas were colonised by native cudweeds and the naturalized herb Acetosella vulgaris. Revegetation from within bare areas largely occurred by herb species, while graminoids and shrub species predominately colonised bare ground by lateral expansion from the edges, eventually replacing the colonising herbs. At the 12 quadrats near Mt Kosciuszko, vegetation cover was almost complete in all years surveyed except 1968, which was at the end of a six year drought. Similar to the results from the transect study, the drought caused an increase in litter at both locations as graminoid cover declined. Initially herb cover increased, potentially as a result of decreased competition from the graminoids and a nutrient spike from decaying litter, but as the drought became more severe, herb cover also declined. Graminoid cover rapidly recovered after the drought, reaching pre-drought levels by 1978, and was at similar levels in 2001. Herb cover continued to decline after peaking in 1964. The photoquadrat study also documented the longevity and growth rates of several species indicating that many taxa may persist for several decades. It further provided insights into replacement patterns amongst life forms. In addition to assessing vegetation change following livestock grazing and drought at the long-term plots, recovery from tourism impacts was examined by comparing vegetation and soils on a closed walking track, with that of adjacent undisturbed tall alpine herbfield at a series of 22 paired quadrats. Fifteen years after the track was closed there was limited success in restoration. Over a quarter of the closed track was still bare ground with non-native species the dominant vegetation. Plant species composition differed and vegetation height, soil nutrients and soil moisture were lower on the track which had a higher compaction level than adjacent natural vegetation. The results presented in this thesis highlight that tall alpine herbfield is characterised by nearly entire vegetation cover which is dominated by graminoids, followed by herbs and shrubs in the absence of disturbance by livestock grazing, trampling or drought. The studies also showed that under quot;average" conditions, the relative cover of herbs and graminoids remained fairly stable even though there can be considerable cycling between them. Spatial variability in terms of taxa composition was high. The only common introduced species in unrehabilitated sites was Acetosella vulgaris, which was effective at colonising bare ground but was eventually replaced by other native species. However, in areas actively rehabilitated, such as on the closed track, non-native species introduced during revegetation efforts still persist with high cover 15 years after their introduction. Monitoring of vegetation change is also important at the landscape scale. This thesis provides a review of the potential use, the limitations and the benefits of aerial photography to examine vegetation change in the Kosciuszko alpine zone. Numerous aerial photography runs have been flown over the area since the 1930s for government agencies, industry and the military. Some of these records have been used to map vegetation communities and eroding areas at a point in time. Other studies compared different types and scales of photographs, highlighting in particular the benefits and potential of large scale colour aerial photography to map alpine vegetation. However, despite their potential to assess vegetation change over time, a temporal comparison of vegetation in the Kosciuszko alpine zone from aerial photographs has not been completed to this date. Historical photographs may not be easy to locate or access and difficulties with vegetation classification may restrict the practicality of using historical aerial photographs to assess vegetation change. Despite these issues, aerial photography may provide a very useful and efficient tool to assess changes over time when applied appropriately, even in alpine environments. The development of digital classification techniques, the application of statistical measures of error to both methodology and data, and the application of geographic information systems are likely to further improve the practicality of historical aerial photographs for the detection of vegetation change and assist in overcoming some of the limitations. The results presented in this thesis highlight the need for limiting disturbance, for ongoing rehabilitation of disturbed areas and for long-term monitoring in the Kosciuszko alpine zone. The results contribute to our understanding of how vegetation may change in the future and may be affected by new land use activities and climate change. This type of information, which otherwise would require the establishment of long-term studies and years of monitoring, can assist land managers of this and other important protected areas. The study highlights how the use and expansion of already existing datasets to gather ecological information can save considerable money and time, providing valuable data for current and emerging issues.
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Scherrer, Pascal. "Monitoring Vegetation Change in the Kosciuszko Alpine Zone, Australia". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366283.
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This thesis examined vegetation change over the last 43 years in Australia's largest contiguous alpine area, the Kosciuszko alpine zone in south-eastern Australia. Using historical and current data about the state of the most common vegetation community, tall alpine herbfield, this thesis addressed the questions: (1) what were the patterns of change at the species/genera and life form levels during this time period; (2) what were the patterns of recovery, if recovery occurred, from anthropogenic disturbances such as livestock grazing or trampling by tourists; (3) what impacts did natural disturbances such as drought have on the vegetation and how does it compare to anthropogenic disturbances; and (4) What are the benefits, limitations and management considerations when using long-term data for assessing vegetation changes at the species/genera, life form and community levels?
The Kosciuszko alpine zone has important economic, cultural and ecological values. It is of great scientific and biological importance, maintaining an assemblage of vegetation communities found nowhere else in the world. It is one of the few alpine regions in the world with deep loamy soils, and contains endemic flora and fauna and some of the few periglacial and glacial features in Australia. The area also forms the core of the Australian mainland's most important water catchment and is a popular tourist destination, offering a range of recreational opportunities. The vegetation of the Kosciuszko alpine zone is recovering from impacts of livestock grazing and is increasingly exposed to pressures from tourism and anthropogenic climate change. At the same time, natural disturbances such as drought and fire can influence the distribution, composition and diversity of plants. Thus, there is a need for detailed environmental data on this area in order to: (1) better understand ecological relationships; (2) understand existing and potential effects of recreational and management pressures on the region; (3) provide data against which future changes can be assessed; and (4) provide better information on many features of this area, including vegetation, for interpretation, education and management. The research in this thesis utilised three types of ecological information: (1) scientific long-term datasets; (2) photographic records; and (3) a comparison of disturbed and undisturbed vegetation. This research analysed data from one of the longest ongoing monitoring programs in the Australian Alps established by Alec Costin and Dane Wimbush in 1959. Permanent plots (6 transects and 30 photoquadrats) were established at two locations that differed in the time since grazing and have been repeatedly surveyed. Plots near Mt Kosciuszko had not been grazed for 15 years and had nearly complete vegetation cover in 1959, while plots near Mt Gungartan showed extensive impacts of grazing and associated activities which only ceased in 1958. Some transect data from 1959 to 1978 have been analysed by the original researchers. The research presented in this thesis extends this monitoring program with data from additional surveys in 1990, 1999 and 2002 and applies current methods of statistical evaluation, such as ordination techniques, to the whole data set for the first time. Results indicated that the recovery from livestock grazing and the effects of drought have been the main factors affecting vegetation. Recovery from livestock grazing at the three transects at Gungartan was slow and involved: (1) increasing genera diversity; (2) increasing vegetation cover; (3) decreasing amounts of bare ground; and (4) a directional change over time in species composition. Patterns of colonisation and species succession were also documented. In 2002, 44 years after the cessation of grazing, transects near Mt Gungartan had similar vegetation cover and genera diversity to the transects near Mt Kosciuszko, but cover by exposed rock remained higher. A drought in the 1960s resulted in a temporary increase of litter and a shift in the proportional cover of life forms, as grasses died and herb cover increased at both locations. Proportions of cover for life forms reverted to pre-drought levels within a few years. The results also highlighted the spatial variability of tall alpine herbfield. The photoquadrats were surveyed in the years 1959, 1964, 1968, 1978 and 2001 and are analysed for the first time in this thesis. After comparing a range of methods, visual assessment using a 130 point grid was found to be the most suitable technique to measure vegetation cover and genera diversity. At the 18 quadrats near Mt Gungartan, there was a pattern of increasing vegetation cover as bare areas were colonised by native cudweeds and the naturalized herb Acetosella vulgaris. Revegetation from within bare areas largely occurred by herb species, while graminoids and shrub species predominately colonised bare ground by lateral expansion from the edges, eventually replacing the colonising herbs. At the 12 quadrats near Mt Kosciuszko, vegetation cover was almost complete in all years surveyed except 1968, which was at the end of a six year drought. Similar to the results from the transect study, the drought caused an increase in litter at both locations as graminoid cover declined. Initially herb cover increased, potentially as a result of decreased competition from the graminoids and a nutrient spike from decaying litter, but as the drought became more severe, herb cover also declined. Graminoid cover rapidly recovered after the drought, reaching pre-drought levels by 1978, and was at similar levels in 2001. Herb cover continued to decline after peaking in 1964. The photoquadrat study also documented the longevity and growth rates of several species indicating that many taxa may persist for several decades. It further provided insights into replacement patterns amongst life forms. In addition to assessing vegetation change following livestock grazing and drought at the long-term plots, recovery from tourism impacts was examined by comparing vegetation and soils on a closed walking track, with that of adjacent undisturbed tall alpine herbfield at a series of 22 paired quadrats. Fifteen years after the track was closed there was limited success in restoration. Over a quarter of the closed track was still bare ground with non-native species the dominant vegetation. Plant species composition differed and vegetation height, soil nutrients and soil moisture were lower on the track which had a higher compaction level than adjacent natural vegetation. The results presented in this thesis highlight that tall alpine herbfield is characterised by nearly entire vegetation cover which is dominated by graminoids, followed by herbs and shrubs in the absence of disturbance by livestock grazing, trampling or drought. The studies also showed that under quot;average" conditions, the relative cover of herbs and graminoids remained fairly stable even though there can be considerable cycling between them. Spatial variability in terms of taxa composition was high. The only common introduced species in unrehabilitated sites was Acetosella vulgaris, which was effective at colonising bare ground but was eventually replaced by other native species. However, in areas actively rehabilitated, such as on the closed track, non-native species introduced during revegetation efforts still persist with high cover 15 years after their introduction. Monitoring of vegetation change is also important at the landscape scale. This thesis provides a review of the potential use, the limitations and the benefits of aerial photography to examine vegetation change in the Kosciuszko alpine zone. Numerous aerial photography runs have been flown over the area since the 1930s for government agencies, industry and the military. Some of these records have been used to map vegetation communities and eroding areas at a point in time. Other studies compared different types and scales of photographs, highlighting in particular the benefits and potential of large scale colour aerial photography to map alpine vegetation. However, despite their potential to assess vegetation change over time, a temporal comparison of vegetation in the Kosciuszko alpine zone from aerial photographs has not been completed to this date. Historical photographs may not be easy to locate or access and difficulties with vegetation classification may restrict the
practicality of using historical aerial photographs to assess vegetation change. Despite these issues, aerial photography may provide a very useful and efficient tool to assess changes over time when applied appropriately, even in alpine environments. The development of digital classification techniques, the application of statistical measures of error to both methodology and data, and the application of geographic information systems are likely to further improve the practicality of historical aerial photographs for the detection of vegetation change and assist in overcoming some of the limitations. The results presented in this thesis highlight the need for limiting disturbance, for ongoing rehabilitation of disturbed areas and for long-term monitoring in the Kosciuszko alpine zone. The results contribute to our understanding of how vegetation may change in the future and may be affected by new land use activities and climate change. This type of information, which otherwise would require the establishment of long-term studies and years of monitoring, can assist land managers of this and other important protected areas. The study highlights how the use and expansion of already existing datasets to gather ecological information can save considerable money and time, providing valuable data for current and emerging issues.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
Full Text
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Derichs, Claudia. "„Wir kamen als Arbeiter, blieben als Bürger“* : Türkische Einwanderung in Australien". Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6356/.
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Greif, Anja. "Das andere Australien als Gegenstand eines virtuellen Übersetzungsmoduls". Trier Wiss. Verl.Trier, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2772017&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Pełny tekst źródłaKsiążki na temat "Australian Alps"
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Mansergh, I. M. The mountain pygmy-possum of the Australian Alps. Kensington, NSW, Australia: New South Wales University Press, 1994.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
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Slattery, Deirdre. The Australian Alps: Kosciuszko, Alpine, and Namadgi national parks. Sydney: UNSW Press, 1998.
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Foundation, Colong, red. Battle for the bush: The Blue Mountains, the Australian Alps and the origins of the wilderness movement. Sydney: Colong Foundation/Envirobook, 1999.
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Martin, Duwell, i Hergenhan Laurie, red. The ALS guide to Australian writers: A bibliography 1963-1990. St. Lucia, QLD: University of Queensland Press, 1993.
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Scott, Andrew. Rediscovering Labor: Sources of Victorian ALP history. [Melbourne: Australian Labor Party (Victorian Branch)], 1991.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
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Rawnsley, George. ALPA from the inside. Murray Bridge, S. Aust: G. Rawnsley, 1999.
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Werbung und Warnung: Australien als Ziel deutscher Auswanderer im 19. Jahrhundert. Bern: P. Lang, 1999.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
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Michael, Thompson. Labor without class: The gentrification of the ALP. Annandale, N.S.W: Pluto Press in association with the Lloyd Ross Forum, Labour Council of New South Wales, 1999.
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Schmidlechner, Karin Maria. Die Liebe war stärker als das Heimweh: Heiratsmigration in die USA nach 1945. Graz: Leykam, 2003.
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Zur Situation des Deutschen als Fremdsprache im multikulturellen Australien: Eine Bestandsaufnahme am Beispiel des Bundesstaates Victoria. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1993.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Australian Alps"
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Corkhill, Alan. "Reiseabenteuer in Australien Friedrich Gerstäcker". W Abenteurer als Helden der Literatur, 269–83. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-02877-8_20.
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Aoun, Samar, Carol Birks, Anne Hogden i Susan Mathers. "Public Policy in MND Care: The Australian Perspective". W Public Policy in ALS/MND Care, 29–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5840-5_2.
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3
Vandenberg, Andrew. "Why Did the ALP Introduce the My School Website?" W Education Policy and the Australian Education Union, 31–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68047-7_2.
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Vacha, Damiano, Giuseppe Mandrone, Donato Morresi i Matteo Garbarino. "Mapping Post-fire Monthly Erosion Rates at the Catchment Scale Using Empirical Models Implemented in GIS. A Case Study in Northern Italy". W Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 1, 2022, 99–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16898-7_6.
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AbstractPost-wildfire geological hazards are an emerging problem for a number of different environments, including areas not typically associated with these events such as the Alpine Region. The risk connected with post-fire processes such as debris-flows and flood-type events threatens people, infrastructures, services and economical activities. Apart from a few examples, such as in the USA and Australia, there is a lack of models available to quantify the increase in susceptibility of the aforementioned phenomena as a result of the modification induced by the wildfires. In this work we test the application of a modified version of the RUSLE, on GIS, to quantify the post-fire erosive phenomena for a case study in the north-western Italian Alps. The results of its application, taking advantage of high-resolution rainfall series and data deriving from field surveys, highlight the marked increase (more than 20 times) in erosion rates, quantified by expressing both the EI (erodibility index), the A (monthly soil loss) and the SL (monthly sediment loss) rise. The months of April, May and June represent the larger share of the total quantities. This is a consequence of the noticeable increase of the EI, which for the post-fire scenario is more than one order of magnitude higher than the pre-fire one.
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Grote, Rainer. "§95 Der Föderalismus in Mexiko, Indien, Südafrika und Australien". W Handbuch Föderalismus - Föderalismus als demokratische Rechtsordnung und Rechtskultur in Deutschland, Europa und der Welt, 587–608. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16883-3_16.
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Scherrer, Pascal, i Catherine Marina Pickering. "The Australian Alps opportunities and challenges for geotourism". W Geotourism: the tourism of geology and landscape. Goodfellow Publishers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-906884-09-3-1082.
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Geotourism, as the concept of tourism based on geological features, has gained growing traction in recent years as evidenced not only from contributions in this book, but also from the geopark movement and the number of recent conferences on the subject. Geotourism and particularly the geopark concept build on the notion that fundamentally, geology is the underlying, defining and connecting factor for many natural and even social features of a region, including aspects such as biodiversity, landscape, patterns of human occupancy and use and even architecture. However, today these links are seldom explored or made explicit in the general tourism product even though they have the potential to provide an avenue for a holistic view of a region and its activities, landscapes and people. This chapter focuses on moutnain areas as geotourism destinations, with specific forcus on the Australian Alps. The first part of the chapter highlights the importance of mountain areas and in particular the Australian Alps for their ecological, economic and cultural values. The latter part of the chapter explores the case of Mount Kosciuszko, Australia’s highest peak, as a geotourism destination. The region has a diversity of tourism attractions based on geological features which lend themselves to providing a holistic approach to the interpretation of the region’s features. The chapter concludes with a discussion of some of the opportunities and challenges for geotourism and tourism in general to the region.
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Good, Roger, Genevieve Wright, Jennie Whinam i Geoff Hope. "Restoration of mires of the Australian Alps following the 2003 wildfires". W Altered Ecologies (Terra Australis 32): Fire, climate and human influence on terrestrial landscapes. ANU Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/ta32.11.2010.19.
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Young, Giles, Islay Andrew, Kristi Lee, Xiaoyn Li, Rachael Robb, Isabella Robinson, Holly Sargent i Bronte Sinclair. "Analysing phenotypic variation in Eucalyptus pauciflora across an elevation gradient in the Australian Alps". W Researching functional ecology in Kosciuszko National Park. ANU eView, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/rfeknp.11.2017.02.
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Malcolm, Elizabeth, i Dianne Hall. "Catholic Irish Australia and the Labor Movement". W Frontiers of Labor. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041839.003.0008.
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The Australian and American labor movements attracted the support of many Irish Catholic immigrants. Yet in Australia, the relationship between the Catholic community and organized labor was never an easy one. State funding of church schools was a perennial problem: Catholic leaders demanded it, while the Australian Labor Party (ALP) equivocated over the issue. This chapter investigates two further issues that also seriously tested the relationship: one involving race, the other nationalism. In the 1890s, the labor movement supported a ban on “colored” immigration, yet the Catholic Church aspired to play a leading role in missions to China. In debates around immigration restriction, Cardinal Moran of Sydney therefore sought to avoid offending the Chinese by attacking instead British attempts to dictate Australia’s immigration policy. During World War I, the ALP, which supported Britain and the empire, found the rise of anti-British republicanism in Ireland a difficult issue to manage. As a result, although sympathetic to Irish grievances, labor newspapers were very selective in their reporting and sought to impose a class, rather than a nationalist, interpretation on events. In both these cases conflict was contained, and it was not until the 1950s that a major split involving Catholics and the ALP occurred, this time over the issue of communism.
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Aplin, Ken, Fred Ford i Peter Hiscock. "Early Holocene human occupation and environment of the Southeast Australian Alps: New evidence from the Yarrangobilly Plateau, New South Wales". W Altered Ecologies (Terra Australis 32): Fire, climate and human influence on terrestrial landscapes. ANU Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/ta32.11.2010.11.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Australian Alps"
1
"Projected changes in frequency of suitable snowmaking conditions for the Australian Alps". W 22nd International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2017.h11.ji.
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Scherrer, P., i A. Growcock. "Managing visitor impacts in the Australian Alps: a case study in informal track development and track recovery". W SUSTAINABLE TOURISM 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/st060101.
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Lucas, R. M., i J. D. Armston. "ALOS PALSAR for characterizing wooded savannas in Northern Australia". W 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423627.
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Lucas, Richard, John Armston, Peter Scarth i Peter Bunting. "Contribution of ALOS PALSAR data to forest characterization and monitoring in Australia". W IGARSS 2015 - 2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2015.7326352.
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Corti, Monica, Laura Corti, Andrea Abbate, Monica Papini i Laura Longoni. "POST-WILDFIRE TERRAIN EVOLUTION IN AN ALPINE AREA". W 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/3.1/s12.20.
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In a climate change scenario, natural disasters as wildfires and their consequences are expected to increase. Besides the loss of vegetation, wildfires have severe effects over mountain environments, frequently affecting slope stability and eventually provoking further economic losses and casualties. The risen probability of flash flooding and debris flow is recognized to depend on a modification of the soil hydrological properties, in particular of the soil infiltration capacity, in burnt terrains. Past studies identified different trends of soil infiltration recovery after fire, depending on the site environmental characteristics and on the original soil conditions. Even though wildfires are common in the Alpine area, studies on the hydrological impact of wildfires are mainly from the US, Australia and partly from the Iberian Peninsula. This work aims to investigate the impact of a wildfire occurred in 2019 in the Southern Alps and to retrieve recovery trends for the calibration of a simple 1D hydrogeological model. The effects of the wildfire and their variations over time were evaluated on three different spatial scales: satellite imagery, field monitoring (infiltration tests) and laboratory rainfall simulations.
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Xie, Shuiwei, i Warren F. Smith. "Towards a Hybrid Solver: Integration of a Genetic Algorithm Within “DSIDES”". W ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/cie-34400.
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In contributing to the body of knowledge for decision-based design, the work reported in this paper has involved steps towards building a hybrid genetic algorithm to address systems design. Highlighted is a work in progress at the Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA). A genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to deal with discrete aspects of a design model (e.g., allocation of space to function) and a sequential linear programming (SLP) method for the continuous aspects (e.g., sizing). Our historical Decision Based Design (DBD) tool has been the code DSIDES (Decision Support In the Design of Engineering Systems). The original functionality of DSIDES was to solve linear and non-linear goal programming styled problems using linear programming (LP) and sequential (adaptive) linear programming (SLP/ALP). We seek to enhance DSIDES’s solver capability by the addition of genetic algorithms. We will also develop the appropriate tools to deal with the decomposition and synthesis implied. The foundational paradigm for DSIDES, which remains unchanged, is the Decision Support Problem Technique (DSPT). Through introducing genetic algorithms as solvers in DSIDES, the intention is to improve the likelihood of finding the global minimum (for the formulated model) as well as the ability of dealing more effectively with nonlinear problems which have discrete variables, undifferentiable objective functions or undifferentiable constraints. Using some numerical examples and a practical ship design case study, the proposed GA based method is demonstrated to be better in maintaining diversity of populations, preventing premature convergence, compared with other similar GAs. It also has similar effectiveness in finding the solutions as the original ALP DSIDES solver.
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Wang, Xin, Xiaojing Li i Linlin Ge. "Relating envisat ASAR and ALOS PALSAR backscattering coefficient to spot NDVI for monitoring seasonal change of pasture biomass in Western Australia". W IGARSS 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6350503.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "Australian Alps"
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Filiz, Ibrahim, Thomas Nahmer, Markus Spiwoks i Kilian Bizer. Zuverlässigkeit von Zinsprognosen in der Region Asien-Pazifik. Chancen für das Portfoliomanagement. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627666.
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Wir untersuchen Zinsprognosen aus Australien, China, Hongkong, Indien, Indonesien, Malaysia, Neuseeland, Singapur, Südkorea, Taiwan und Thailand. Wir werten 532 Prognosezeitreihen mit insgesamt 85.264 einzelnen Zins-prognosen aus. Wir nehmen einen Vergleich zur naiven Prognose vor und untersuchen die Prognosezeitreihen auf gegenwartsorientierte Verlaufsanpassungen. Außerdem verwenden wir den Vorzeichentest und den Test auf Unverzerrtheit. Die Ergebnisse fallen teilweise recht ernüchternd aus. 95,9% aller Prognosezeitreihen sind vom Phänomen der gegenwartsorientierten Verlaufsanpassung geprägt. 99,4% aller Prognosezeitreihen erweisen sich als verzerrt. Nur ein kleiner Teil der Prognosezeitreihen (3,6%) bildet die künftige Zinsentwicklung signifikant genauer ab als eine naive Prognose. Zum Teil fallen die Untersuchungsergebnisse jedoch auch überraschend positiv aus. Der Vorzeichentest offenbart, dass 48,3% aller Prognosezeitreihen die künftige Entwicklungsrichtung signifikant besser erfassen als eine Zufallsprognose.