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Liu, Junxiao, i Kerry London. "MODELLING HOUSING SUPPLY AND MONETARY POLICY WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC TURBULENCE". International Journal of Strategic Property Management 17, nr 1 (3.04.2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2012.735273.
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Housing supply is an essential component of the property sector. Compared with an increasingly strong housing demand, the growth rates of total housing stock in Australia have exhibited a downward trend since the end of the 1990s. Over the same period, the significant adjustments in the Australian monetary policy were being implemented under a turbulent global economic climate. This research aims to identify the relationship between housing supply and monetary policy within the context of global economic turbulence by a vector error correction model with a dummy variable. The empirical evidence indicates that the monetary policy changes and global economic turmoil can significantly affect the supply side of the housing sector in Australia. The models developed in this study assist policy makers in estimating the political impacts in the global context.
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Pusey, Michael. "Economic rationalism in Canberra 25 years on?" Journal of Sociology 54, nr 1 (23.02.2018): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783318759086.
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This article, based on an edited transcript of a speech at The Australian Sociological Association (TASA) conference in Melbourne in December 2016, summarises the criticisms of ‘economic rationalism’, cum neoliberalism, that emerged from the ‘economic rationalism debate’ in Australia of the early 1990s to the present. Economic rationalism reversed Australia’s historic nation-building legacy. Free market neoliberal doctrines have captured the central Canberra policy-making apparatus and radically reduced the coordinating role of the state in most areas of public policy. Economic ‘reform’ is seen primarily as a political project led by international and domestic corporate interest groupings and aimed at the transformation of Australia’s institutions. The neoliberal orthodoxy continues to distort the policy process as it has become functionally indispensable for the process of policy making and government, despite its failing intellectual legitimacy.
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KASHINA, Evgenia V. "AUSTRALIA–CHINA RELATIONS: 1930-1937". Southeast Asia: Actual Problems of Development, nr 2(55) (2022): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2022-2-2-55-291-306.
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The article is devoted to the development of relations between the Australian Union and China in the period from 1930 to 1937. The author analyzes changes in migration and economic policy towards China and explores the views of the Australian public on the Japanese expansion in China since 1931, as well as the position of the official authorities on this issue are revealed. The growth of international contradictions in the 30s of the XX century and the degree of independence in making Australian foreign policy from the former metropolis could affect Australian-Chinese relations.
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Harcourt, G. C. "Macroeconomic Policy for Australia in the 1990s". Economic and Labour Relations Review 4, nr 2 (grudzień 1993): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469300400201.
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The size of the deficit has little if any significance as an indicator of short-run macroeconomic policy. Government expenditure should be determined by longer term aspirations. Taxation (and other revenue measures) must be used, along with monetary policy, for short-term economic management, but whether revenue should be at a level that results in a deficit or not depends on many things including the composition of government expenditure and the state of the economy. At present, our economy requires a brake on total consumption expenditure and this may require a rise in taxation levels despite the high current level of unemployment. A high rate of capital accumulation is essential to change the structure of production and to increase output and productivity, but the brake on consumption must be eventually relaxed. Without an expectation of healthy consumption growth there will not be an ongoing high rate of accumulation in the private sector.
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Yiftachel, O., i I. Alexander. "The State of Metropolitan Planning: Decline or Restructuring?" Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 13, nr 3 (wrzesień 1995): 273–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c130273.
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In this paper the dynamic relations between the state, society, and metropolitan planning are explored. The changing role and function of the state in the context of rapid restructuring of economic and social relations in Australia during the past decade are discussed, along with the impact of processes such as globalisation, cyclic recessions, and the growing assertion of local communities on the state. The influence of these processes on metropolitan planning, as an arm of the state which mediates between development interests and local communities, is then assessed from a theoretical perspective. Given the identified processes and changes, it is argued that metropolitan planning has become increasingly constrained in its ability to influence the nature and location of urban development in 1990s Australia. The validity of this argument is examined against the case of metropolitan planning in Perth during the past decade. Three key aspects of the changing nature of planning in Perth are studied in detail: A 1987 proposal for a new metropolitan strategy; a 1990 adopted metropolitan plan which derived from the 1987 proposal; and several redevelopment initiatives currently under consideration. It is concluded that the Western Australian state—and subsequently metropolitan planning—have experienced significant challenges to their ability to influence urban change. The constraints imposed on metropolitan planning are simultaneously due to economic pressures ‘from above’ and community pressures ‘from below’. Finally, it is observed that this process possesses a regresive potential, and that metropolitan planning should restructure in order to respond effectively and equitably to recent economic and social changes.
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Stent, William R. "L’Australie : Le déclin relatif de l’agriculture depuis 1970". Études internationales 12, nr 1 (12.04.2005): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/701156ar.
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The present article begins by describing the institutionnal framework of Australian agriculture, recent aspects of evolution in agricultural production, exports, costs and in comes. Ii shows how since 1967 agricultural policy is becoming more and more selective, while at the same time its influence on economic policy is decreasing. This change is attributed to industrialization of the country and to the growing participation of agriculture in the international market. This new form of growth, even less than the old one, cannot solve the issue of rural poverty in Australia nor that of hunger in the world.
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Hartley, Robyn, i Jackie Horne. "Researching Literacy and Numeracy Costs and Benefits: What is possible". Literacy and Numeracy Studies 15, nr 1 (1.04.2011): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/lns.v15i1.2024.
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Assessing the social and economic benefits of investing in adult literacy and numeracy and the costs of poor adult literacy and numeracy, is largely uncharted territory in Australia. Some interest was evident in the late 1980s leading up to International Literacy Year, 1990 (for example, Miltenyi 1989, Singh 1989, Hartley 1989); however, there has been little work done in the area since then, with the exception of recent studies concerned with financial literacy costs and benefits (Commonwealth Bank Foundation 2005). Assessing the benefits (returns) of workplace training in general has received some attention (for example Moy and McDonald 2000), although the role of literacy and numeracy is often implied rather than explored in any detail. In contrast, there is a considerable body of relevant research emanating from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and some European countries. The release of data from the International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS) in the 1990s contributed to some of this research, as did policy developments for example, in the United Kingdom. The much greater use of IALS data in some other countries compared with Australia, seems to be related to a combination of factors in the overall policy and research environment for adult literacy and numeracy in each country.
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Koleth, Elsa. "Unsettling the Settler State: The State and Social Outcomes of Temporary Migration in Australia". Migration, Mobility, & Displacement 3, nr 1 (24.08.2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/mmd31201717072.
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The exponential growth of temporary migration to Australia since the late 1990s has unsettled the model of permanent migration, state supported settlement and multicultural citizenship on which Australia has been built. This article draws attention to the emergence of a gulf between Australia’s immigration policies and social policy frameworks for migrant integration in the course of Australia’s transition from a permanent to a temporary migration paradigm. It does so through an analysis of interviews with migrants, government officials at federal and local levels, and migrant service providers. It argues that the system by which temporary migration has been governed in Australia has enabled the Australian state to strategically divest itself of responsibility for the social welfare of temporary migrants and the long-term outcomes of temporary migration policies. Specifically, this has been achieved through the construction of temporary migrants as disposable, risk-bearing subjects, the exclusion of temporary migrants from social policy frameworks for migrant integration, and the elision of long-term social outcomes of migration policies through a focus on short-term economic outcomes. It concludes by pointing to changes required for instituting a temporal re-orientation of government policies from short-term economic outcomes towards the long-term social outcomes of migration.
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Gómez, Mario, i Lisset Cándano. "Economic growth, tourism, and economic policy uncertainty in the main tourist destinations (1998-2018)". econoquantum 21, nr 1 (31.12.2023): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18381/eq.v21i1.7315.
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Objective: to study the relationship among tourism demand and economic growth, real exchange rate, and economic policy uncertainty (EPU) in Australia, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Methodology: cross-section dependence, unit root, and cointegration tests were applied. The long-term model was estimated according to the Panel-Corrected Standard Error (PCSE), Feasible Generalised Least Squares (FGLS), and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS). Results: the results show a positive relationship between economic growth and the real exchange rate concerning tourism demand. In the long term, the causality relationship is from uncertainty, exchange rate, and GDP to tourism. The feedback hypothesis is validated. Limitations: availability of data.Originality: it studies the joint influence of economic growth and the EPU on demand for tourism in the countries of the world’s leading destinations for international tourism according to international tourist income. Conclusions: tourism will drive general economic growth and, correspondingly, investment in other sectors of the economy will also influence an increase in tourism.
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Bano, Sayeeda. "Intra-Industry Trade and Determinant: Evidence for ASEAN-Australia and New Zealand in the Context of AANZFTA". International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 8, nr 4 (11.10.2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v8i4.13778.
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This study examines the changing patterns and direction of trade between Association of South- East Asian Nations (ASEAN), Australia and New Zealand in the context of the ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area/Agreement (AANZFTA) signed in 2010. It investigates the extent of ASEAN’s intra-industry trade with Australia and New Zealand at the 3-digit disaggregated SITC level for the period 1990 to 2014. The study includes an analysis of intra-industry trade indices of trade intensities, the marginal intra-industry trade and the econometric model to identify the determinants of intra-industry trade. The results show that trade in general has increased and intra-industry trade between ASEAN-Australia increased specifically in manufacturing. New Zealand has developed intra-industry trade in both the manufacturing and agriculture sectors. Marginal intra- industry results suggest that some industries transforming from inter-industry trade patterns to intra-industry trade. The results of regression analysis provide some support to the thesis that increase in IIT comes naturally with high average incomes of trade partners and large average market size. As a country’s level of income goes up and its standard of living rise, its citizens tend demand and consume more high quality differentiated products, leading to higher levels of intra-industry trade. This study differs from the existing literature in terms of its scope, methods and policy perspectives. The findings have policy relevance for the ongoing negotiations for a regional comprehensive economic partnership with ASEAN 10, India, China, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. It is reasonable to suggest that intra-industry trade be given due consideration in ongoing regional and bilateral trade negotiations for potential mutual gains from trade for a sustainable regional economic growth.
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MIKLOUHO-MACLAY, Niсkolay N. "DIGITALIZATION FORMATION OF THE INDEPENDENT STATE OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS". Southeast Asia: Actual Problems of Development, nr 4(57) (2022): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2022-4-4-54-166-175.
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This article presents the main stages of the independent state of Papua New Guinea (PNG). It analyses the first steps in the formation of a democratic government in 1975 and subsequent political reforms, including the provincial government as a stabilization measure. The topic of crime (raskolism), the causes of corruption and intertribal conflicts that the young state faced, and the effectiveness of the fight against it are analyzed, as well as the reasons for restraining economic growth, the foreign policy of the state in the first decade of independent PNG and its relations with Australia.
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Kemp, Anna, David B. Preen, John Glover, James Semmens i Elizabeth E. Roughead. "How much do we spend on prescription medicines? Out-of-pocket costs for patients in Australia and other OECD countries". Australian Health Review 35, nr 3 (2011): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah10906.
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Objectives. To determine changes in out-of-pocket expenditure on prescription medicines for Australian patients, and how patient expenditure compares with other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Methods. We examined out-of-pocket expenditure on prescription medicines by patients in Australia between 1970 and 2007, and between Australia and 15 other OECD countries (Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, Republic of Korea (South Korea), Luxembourg, Poland, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States) in 2005. Findings. Spending on publicly subsidised medicines by Australian patients increased from $16 per person in 1971 to $62 in 2007. Patient expenditure on all prescription medicines had risen to $134 per person in 2007. Out-of-pocket expenditure for Australian patients ranked 4th of 14 OCED countries with universal pharmaceutical subsidies. Australian patients pay 28% of national pharmaceutical expenditure; more than patients in South Korea (27%), Slovak Republic (26%), Sweden (22%), France, Luxembourg, Japan and Switzerland (17%), Germany (15%), Czech Republic (11%) and Spain (6%), but less than patients in Finland (36%), Denmark (33%) and Poland (34%). Conclusions. Compared to other OECD countries, Australian out-of-pocket costs are now in the mid to upper range. Further increases have the potential to significantly affect access to care. What is known about the topic? In Australia and internationally, increases in the portion of prescription medicines paid by patients have been associated with falls in utilisation. Despite the pharmaceutical subsidies patients receive under the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, prescription medicine costs are a barrier to access for many low income, elderly and other vulnerable patients. What does this paper add? The findings demonstrate that the prescription medicine expenditure of Australian patients has increased substantially over recent years, and is double that indicated by benefit-paid data alone. Out-of-pocket expenditure in Australia is moderate-to-high by international standards. What are the implications for practitioners? Patient out-of-pocket expenditure for prescription medicines in Australia has increased in recent decades, accounting for higher proportions of household and national medicine expenditure. Lack of patient involvement in treatment decisions is associated with patients forgoing medicines due to costs. Practitioners are encouraged to discuss treatment decisions, cost-barriers and possible strategies to overcome cost-barriers with their patients.
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Morrell, Stephen, Richard Taylor, David Roder i Annette Dobson. "Mammography screening and breast cancer mortality in Australia: an aggregate cohort study". Journal of Medical Screening 19, nr 1 (18.02.2012): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jms.2012.011127.
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Background Evidence that mammography screening reduces breast cancer mortality derives from trials, with observational studies broadly supporting trial findings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the national mammographic screening programme, BreastScreen Australia, using aggregate screening and breast cancer mortality data. Methods Breast cancer mortality from 1990 to 2004 in the whole Australian population was assessed in relation to screening exposure in the target of women aged 50–69 years. Population cohorts were defined by year of screening (and diagnosis), five-year age group at screening (and diagnosis), and local area of residence at screening (and diagnosis). Biennial screening data for BreastScreen Australia were related to cumulated mortality from breast cancer in an event analysis using Poisson regression, and in a time-to-event analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results were adjusted for repeated measures and the potential effects of mammography outside BreastScreen Australia, regionality, and area socio-economic status. Results From the adjusted Poisson regression model, a 22% (95% CI:12–31%) reduction in six-year cumulated mortality from breast cancer was predicted for screening participation of approximately 60%, compared with no screening; 21% (95% CI:11–30%) for the most recently reported screening participation of 56%; and 25% (95% CI:15–35%) for the programme target of 70% biennial screening participation. Corresponding estimates from the Cox proportional hazard regression model were 30% (95% CI:17–41%), 28% (95% CI:16–38%) and 34% (95% CI:20–46%). Conclusions Despite data limitations, the results of this nationwide study are consistent with the trial evidence, and with results of other service studies of mammography screening. With sufficient participation, mammography screening substantially reduces mortality from breast cancer.
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Tani, Massimiliano. "Migration Policy and Immigrants’ Labor Market Performance". International Migration Review 54, nr 1 (5.02.2019): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197918318815608.
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This article studies whether migration policy is a suitable tool to improve the inefficient use of immigrants’ human capital. This line of investigation complements the traditional analysis of migration policy as a tool to manage labor supply. The effect of migration policy is studied, using a policy change that occurred in Australia in the late 1990s that tightened the selection applied to certain economic immigrants. The empirical analysis, based on data collected by the Longitudinal Survey of Migrants to Australia, confirms that the policy change raised, on average, the human capital of the affected group. It also, however, consistently reveals that the change had no detectable impact on indicators measuring immigrants’ skill utilization. This result suggests that migration policy, by itself, may not be best suited to address issues related to the efficient use of foreign talent in the labor market. Better coordination with employment policy may alleviate this problem. Additional research on migration policy’s effect on efficiency-related issues is also called for.
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Onyx, Jenny, Liz Cham i Bronwen Dalton. "Current Trends in Australian Nonprofit Policy". Nonprofit Policy Forum 7, nr 2 (1.06.2016): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npf-2015-0023.
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AbstractThere has been a large growth in nonprofits in Australia over the past 30 years. This paper will chart some of the key current policy trends that have helped shape the sector. The huge investment in the nonprofit sector by government, particularly since the mid 1990s coincided with a strong ideological shift to a neoliberal economic agenda. There was a concerted effort to bring nonprofits under the control of government policy. This has lead to greater competition among nonprofits, the growth of large charities at the expense of small local organisations, and a greater emphasis on adopting business models. Those nonprofit organisations that provide a community development role have been particularly under threat. However while much of the nonprofit world in Australia is increasingly driven by neoliberal, business oriented demands, another alternative phenomenon is emerging, particularly among young people and largely out of the gaze of public scrutiny. As fast as the state finds a way of controlling the productive energy of the nonprofit sector, the sector itself finds a way of curtailing that control, or of creating new ways of operating that go beyond existing structures and rules of operating.
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Dalton, Vicki. "Death and Dying in Prison in Australia: National Overview, 1980–1998". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 27, nr 3 (1999): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1999.tb01461.x.
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This paper discusses the role of the Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC) in monitoring inmate deaths in custody on a national basis. It also provides a descriptive overview of Australian Indigenous and non-Indigenous inmate deaths in custody during the eighteen-year period between 1980 and 1998.In October 1987, the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody (RCIADIC) commenced investigating the deaths of Australia's Indigenous people in custody throughout Australia between January 1, 1980 and May 31, 1989. RCIADIC's task was to examine the circumstances of the deaths; the actions taken by authorities; and the underlying causes of Indigenous deaths in custody, including social, cultural, and legal factors. The investigation found that the major factor contributing to the high number of Indigenous deaths in custody was the disproportionately higher rates at which Indigenous people come into contact with the criminal justice system. RCIADIC concluded that the most significant reason for this contact was the severely disadvantaged social, economic, and cultural position of many Indigenous people.
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Crawford-Williams, F., S. March, M. Ireland, A. Rowe, B. Goodwin, S. Chambers, J. Aitken i J. Dunn. "Geographical Variations in the Clinical Management of Colorectal Cancer in Australia: A Systematic Review". Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (1.10.2018): 206s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.83400.
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Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) presents considerable health, economic, and societal burden, and Australia has one of the highest incidence rates of this disease. Over a third of the Australian population live in nonmetropolitan areas and research has shown that they experience a range of health disadvantages that result in a higher disease burden and lower life expectancy. One of the main contributors of poorer CRC outcomes in rural Australia may be limited access to treatment facilities and optimal care; however, the extent to which geographical disparities exist in CRC management has not been systematically explored. Aim: To understand the nature of geographical variations in the clinical management and treatment of CRC (including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) in Australia, incorporating clinical reports as well as peer-reviewed literature. Methods: A systematic review of published and gray literature was conducted. Five databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, ProQuest, and Informit) were searched for articles published in English from 1990 to 2018. Studies were included if they assessed differences in clinical management according to geographical location; focused on CRC patients; and were conducted in Australia. Included studies were critically appraised using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. PRISMA systematic review reporting methods were applied. Results: Only 17 articles met inclusion criteria. All were of high (53%) or moderate (47%) quality. The evidence available may suggest that patients in nonmetropolitan areas are more likely to experience delays in surgery and are less likely to receive chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer and adjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer. Conclusion: The present review found limited information on clinical management across geographic regions in Australia and the synthesis highlights significant issues both for data collection and reporting at the population level. Where geographical disparities exist, these may be due to a combination of patient and system factors reflective of location. Population-level data regarding clinical management and treatment of CRC needs to be routinely collected to better understand geographical variations and inform future guidelines and policy.
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Al Nuaimi, Salem, Amina Al Elah i Aswan Zaidan. "Comparison of The Change in Total Agricultural Productivity Between the Groups of Developing and Developed Countries Using the Malmquist Method for The Period (1990-2017)". Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences 19, nr 3 (27.01.2023): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjas.19.3.12.
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The economic disparity between developed and developing countries, and the gap between them, which were and still represent the interest of specialists and change in total agricultural productivity (TFP) is one of the most important measures of comparison to find out this difference. Therefore, the research aims at achieving a set of goals which, in aggregate, constitute an agricultural policy related to measuring the growth in total agricultural productivity (TFP) for both developing and developed countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Australia) DEAP data Growth in total agricultural productivity in developing countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia) declined by an average of (0.45 , 0.59)% respectively compared to developed countries (Canada, Australia) which reached (0.82 , 0.88)% respectively. The study has a set of conclusions, the most important being the low capacity Competitiveness in most developing countries and low production and low quality may be due to high costs resulting from high input production prices. Therefore, the study recommends optimal utilization of human, natural and financial resources to increase productivity in agriculture, which is the main input in the development of the agricultural sector of these countries.
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Gough, Annette Greenall. "Sustaining Development of Environmental Education in National Political and Curriculum Priorities". Australian Journal of Environmental Education 8 (1992): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600003335.
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The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between national economic and political priorities and environmental education policy formulation and curriculum strategies. This relationship will be placed in the historical context of developments in environmental education in Australia from 1970 until the present and will be analysed in terms of the ideological and pedagogical stances implicit, and explicit, in the developments during this period. I will argue that the emphasis throughout the period has been to sustain the development of environmental education without any questioning of why, what and how this development should occur.‘Sustainable development’ has become a slogan for governments, industry and conservation groups in recent times. It was the subtitle for the World Conservation Strategy (IUCN 1980) and the National Conservation Strategy for Australia (DHAE 1984) - living resource conservation for sustainable development - and was popularised in the report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, more commonly known as the Brundtland Report or Our Common Future (WCED 1987). The definition of sustainable development given in the World Conservation Strategy (IUCN 1980: section 1.3) and repeated in the National Conservation Strategy for Australia (DHAE 1984: 12) is as follows:Development is…the modification of the biosphere and the application of human, financial, living and non-living resources to satisfy human needs and improve the quality of human life. For development to be sustainable it must take account of social and ecological factors, as well as economic ones; of the living and nonliving resource base; and of the long term as well as the short term advantages and disadvantages of alternative actions.
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Coombs, Carolyn. "The Sociological Implications of Voluntary Redundancy: The South Australian Experience". Australian Journal of Primary Health 4, nr 1 (1998): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py98003.
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The experience of voluntary redundancy on the current scale is fairly new in Australia and its impact on workers and society is only just beginning to be observed and interpreted. Under the economic rationalist policies of successive federal governments which promoted a free market economy driven by privatisation, deregulation and de-institutionalisation, Australia has undergone considerable structural change in the 1990s. This change has been marked by government-supported labour restructuring, within both the private and public sectors of industry. The purpose of the study was to explore the concept of voluntary redundancy, whether mature-aged workers were being targeted, and the sociological implications of voluntary redundancy for workers in South Australia.
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Austen, Dick. "Foreword to 'Producing and Processing Quality Beef from Australian Cattle Herds'". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, nr 7 (2001): I. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eav41n7_fo.
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Markets for Australian beef throughout the 20th century have been moulded by world wars, economic depressions, droughts, transport technology, cattle breeding, trade barriers, global competition, livestock disease eradication, human health risks, food safety, Australian Government policy, consumerism and beef quality. Major ‘shocks’ to beef marketing include the development of successful shipments of chilled carcases to Britain in the 1930s, the widespread trade disruption caused by World War II, expansion (early 1950s) and then a reduction in beef exports to Britain (1956), the introduction and then proliferation of Bos indicus derived cattle in northern Australia (1960s), licensing and upgrading of Australian abattoirs to export to USA and the consequential brucellosis and tuberculosis eradication campaign leading to record export tonnages of Australian processing beef to USA (1960–70). In 1980, increased beef trade to Japan began, leading in the late 1980s to expansion of high-quality grain finished products into that market. By 1993, beef exports to Japan (280.5 kt) exceeded those to USA (274.4 kt), signalling the significant shift in beef exports to Asia. Commencing in about 1986, the USA recognised the value of beef exports to Asian markets pioneered by Australia. Australia’s share of the Japanese and South Korean markets has been under intense competition since that time. Another major influence on Australia’s beef market in the early 1990s was growth in live cattle exports to Asian markets in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. Live exports accounted for 152000 heads in 1992 and 858000 heads in 1996. Improved management systems (e.g. fences) and consequent regulation of cattle supply even in the wet season, a by-product of the brucellosis and tuberculosis eradication campaign, were indirect drivers of the growth in live exports. Throughout the period 1940–2000, domestic consumption of beef and veal declined from 68 to 33.3 kg/head.year, reflecting competition from other foods, perceptions of health risks, price of beef, periodic food safety scares, vegetarianism, changes in lifestyle and eating habits and lack of consistency of eating quality of beef. Despite this decline, the domestic Australian beef market still consumes a significant component (37%) of total Australian beef production. In 1984–85, the reform of the Australian Meat and Livestock Corporation set in train a major directional change (‘New Direction’) of the beef sector in response to beef market trends. Under Dick Austen’s leadership, the Australian Meat and Livestock Corporation changed the industry’s culture from being ‘production-driven’ to being ‘consumer-driven’. Market research began in Australia, Japan and Korea to establish consumer preferences and attitudes to price, beef appearance and eating quality. Definite consumer requirements were identified under headings of consistency and reliability. The AusMeat carcass descriptors were introduced and a decade later traits like tenderness, meat colour, fat colour, meat texture, taste, smell, and muscle size were addressed. These historical ‘shocks’ that shaped the Australian beef markets have all been accompanied by modification to production systems, breeding programs, herd structure, processing procedures, advertising and promotion, meat retailing and end-use. The increasing importance of the food service sector and the ‘Asian merge’ influence on beef cuts usage in restaurant meals and take-away products are the most recognisable changes in the Australian food landscape. The Cooperative Research Centre¿s research portfolio was built around the changing forces influencing beef markets in the early 1990s. Australia needed to better understand the genetic and non-genetic factors affecting beef quality. One example was the poor success rate of cattle being grain-fed for the Japanese premium markets. Another was the relative contribution of pre- and post-slaughter factors to ultimate eating quality of beef. The Meat Standards Australia scheme was launched in 1997 to address this problem in more detail. The Cooperative Research Centre contributed significantly to this initiative. In the year 2001, Australia, with only 2.5% of world cattle numbers retains the position of world number one beef trader. We trade to 110 countries worldwide. The Australian beef sector is worth A$6 billion annually. The diversity of Australian environments, cattle genotypes and production systems provides us with the ability to meet diverse specifications for beef products. A new set of market forces is now emerging. Strict accreditation rules apply to Australian producers seeking access to the lucrative European Union market. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies like bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie are a continuing food safety concern in Europe. This and the foot and mouth disease outbreak in Britain early in 2001 have potentially significant indirect effects on markets for Australian beef. And the sleeping giant, foot and mouth disease-free status of Latin American countries Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina continues to emerge as a major threat to Australian beef markets in Canada and Taiwan. As in the past, science and technology will play a significant role in Australia¿s response to these market forces.
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Bindon, B. M., i N. M. Jones. "Cattle supply, production systems and markets for Australian beef". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, nr 7 (2001): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01052.
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Markets for Australian beef throughout the 20th century have been moulded by world wars, economic depressions, droughts, transport technology, cattle breeding, trade barriers, global competition, livestock disease eradication, human health risks, food safety, Australian Government policy, consumerism and beef quality. Major ‘shocks’ to beef marketing include the development of successful shipments of chilled carcases to Britain in the 1930s, the widespread trade disruption caused by World War II, expansion (early 1950s) and then a reduction in beef exports to Britain (1956), the introduction and then proliferation of Bos indicus derived cattle in northern Australia (1960s), licensing and upgrading of Australian abattoirs to export to USA and the consequential brucellosis and tuberculosis eradication campaign leading to record export tonnages of Australian processing beef to USA (1960–70). In 1980, increased beef trade to Japan began, leading in the late 1980s to expansion of high-quality grain finished products into that market. By 1993, beef exports to Japan (280.5 kt) exceeded those to USA (274.4 kt), signalling the significant shift in beef exports to Asia. Commencing in about 1986, the USA recognised the value of beef exports to Asian markets pioneered by Australia. Australia’s share of the Japanese and South Korean markets has been under intense competition since that time. Another major influence on Australia’s beef market in the early 1990s was growth in live cattle exports to Asian markets in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. Live exports accounted for 152000 heads in 1992 and 858000 heads in 1996. Improved management systems (e.g. fences) and consequent regulation of cattle supply even in the wet season, a by-product of the brucellosis and tuberculosis eradication campaign, were indirect drivers of the growth in live exports. Throughout the period 1940–2000, domestic consumption of beef and veal declined from 68 to 33.3 kg/head.year, reflecting competition from other foods, perceptions of health risks, price of beef, periodic food safety scares, vegetarianism, changes in lifestyle and eating habits and lack of consistency of eating quality of beef. Despite this decline, the domestic Australian beef market still consumes a significant component (37%) of total Australian beef production. In 1984–85, the reform of the Australian Meat and Livestock Corporation set in train a major directional change (‘New Direction’) of the beef sector in response to beef market trends. Under Dick Austen’s leadership, the Australian Meat and Livestock Corporation changed the industry’s culture from being ‘production-driven’ to being ‘consumer-driven’. Market research began in Australia, Japan and Korea to establish consumer preferences and attitudes to price, beef appearance and eating quality. Definite consumer requirements were identified under headings of consistency and reliability. The AusMeat carcass descriptors were introduced and a decade later traits like tenderness, meat colour, fat colour, meat texture, taste, smell, and muscle size were addressed. These historical ‘shocks’ that shaped the Australian beef markets have all been accompanied by modification to production systems, breeding programs, herd structure, processing procedures, advertising and promotion, meat retailing and end-use. The increasing importance of the food service sector and the ‘Asian merge’ influence on beef cuts usage in restaurant meals and take-away products are the most recognisable changes in the Australian food landscape. The Cooperative Research Centre¿s research portfolio was built around the changing forces influencing beef markets in the early 1990s. Australia needed to better understand the genetic and non-genetic factors affecting beef quality. One example was the poor success rate of cattle being grain-fed for the Japanese premium markets. Another was the relative contribution of pre- and post-slaughter factors to ultimate eating quality of beef. The Meat Standards Australia scheme was launched in 1997 to address this problem in more detail. The Cooperative Research Centre contributed significantly to this initiative. In the year 2001, Australia, with only 2.5% of world cattle numbers retains the position of world number one beef trader. We trade to 110 countries worldwide. The Australian beef sector is worth A$6 billion annually. The diversity of Australian environments, cattle genotypes and production systems provides us with the ability to meet diverse specifications for beef products. A new set of market forces is now emerging. Strict accreditation rules apply to Australian producers seeking access to the lucrative European Union market. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies like bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie are a continuing food safety concern in Europe. This and the foot and mouth disease outbreak in Britain early in 2001 have potentially significant indirect effects on markets for Australian beef. And the sleeping giant, foot and mouth disease-free status of Latin American countries Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina continues to emerge as a major threat to Australian beef markets in Canada and Taiwan. As in the past, science and technology will play a significant role in Australia¿s response to these market forces.
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Lofgren, Hans. "Medicines policy and drug company investments: the Irish experience". Australian Health Review 33, nr 2 (2009): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah090295.
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THIS BOOK IS ABOUT MANIFESTATIONS of power in medicines and pharmaceutical industry policy. The main focus is on the Republic of Ireland but there are chapters also on drug regulation in Canada, Britain and Australia. The multinational pharma companies loom larger in Ireland than in most other countries; several chapters detail the implications for this small country of the presence of a major cluster of global drug companies. Globalisation is the hallmark of the drug sector; innovation and production occur within international networks which are mirrored by interaction between regulatory agencies which operate similar systems of control and monitoring. Since the 1990s, many aspects of product safety regulation have been standardised across the developed countries through the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) process, sponsored by the regulatory agencies and industry associations of the USA, the European Union and Japan. While orchestrating vast scientific, economic and technological resources, the big pharma companies participate as insiders in national policy processes, such as those described in this book. Firms typically affirm a commitment to the health and economic concerns of the local jurisdiction ? however governments cannot help but be sensitive to their global reach and power to choose where to invest.
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Maraseni, Tek, i Kathryn Reardon-Smith. "Meeting National Emissions Reduction Obligations: A Case Study of Australia". Energies 12, nr 3 (30.01.2019): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030438.
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Akin to a public good, emissions reduction suffers from the ‘free rider’ syndrome. Although many countries claim that they are meeting their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction commitments, the average global temperature and GHG emissions continue to rise. This has led to growing speculation that some countries may be taking advantage of the system by effectively exploiting a range of loopholes in global agreements. Using a case study approach, we critically review the evidence from Australia, exploring how Australia has participated in global climate change negotiations and the way in which this emissions intensive country’s national emissions reduction obligations have been met. The findings suggest that: (1) successful negotiation to include Article 3.7 (‘Adjusting the 1990 Baseline’ or ‘the Australia Clause’) in the Kyoto Protocol significantly favored Australia’s ability to meet its First Kyoto Commitment (2008–2012); and (2) successful bargaining for the accounting rule that allowed carbon credits from the first commitment period to be carried over to the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol benefitted Australia by 128 MtCO2e. At the national level, a lack of bipartisan political support for an effective mechanism to drive emissions reduction has also been problematic. While the introduction of the Carbon Pricing Mechanism (CPM) in 2012 reduced emissions from electricity production from about 199.1 MtCO2e to 180.8 MtCO2e in 2014, a change of government led to the abolition of the CPM in 2014 and emissions from electricity production subsequently rose to 187 MtCO2e in 2015 and 189 MtCO2e in 2016 with adverse impacts in many sectors as well as Australia’s overall emissions. The current Australian government continues to undermine its commitment to mitigation and the integrity and credibility of its own emissions reductions policy, introducing a softer ‘calculated baseline’ for its own Safeguard Mechanism, which allows companies to upwardly adjust their calculated baselines on the basis of their highest expected emissions, permitting emissions in excess of their historical emissions. While disappointing in the context of the global emissions reduction project, Australia’s actions are sadly not unique and we also provide examples of loopholes exploited by countries participating in a range of other negotiations and emissions reduction projects. Such strategies undoubtedly serve the short-term political and economic interests of these countries; however, it is increasingly apparent that the cumulative impact of such tactics will ultimately impact the entire global community.
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Zoellner, Don, Anne Stephens, Victor Joseph i Davena Monro. "Mission-Driven Adaptability in a Changing National Training System". Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 46, nr 1 (1.12.2016): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2016.24.
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This case study of an adult and community education provider based in far north Queensland describes its capacity to balance various iterations of public policy against its vision for the future of Aboriginal and Torres Straits Islanders. Community-controlled organisations wanting to contribute to economic and social development in regional/remote Australia through the use of formally recognised vocational education and training have adjusted to at least three major sociopolitical changes at the national policy level since the early 1990s. These include redefining equity, marketising the delivery of public services and increased centralisation. The contemporary orientation of vocational education and training as part of the Indigenous Advancement Strategy has become a highly prescriptive and heavily centralised mechanism for the establishment of employment outcomes. This has been framed as an obligation and right of Australian citizenship as opposed to the other wellbeing and personal development benefits of education. This registered training organisation has navigated four burdensome (re)definitions of equity that have made planning and delivery of true lifelong training objectives difficult. The provider has embraced the marketisation of the sector and navigated other policy changes in order to provide the services and knowledge set out in the college mission statement.
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Mason, Robb, i Shirley Randell. "Education and change in rural areas in the 1990s: Chicken Little was not wrong". Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 2, nr 1 (7.01.2020): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v2i1.266.
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The economic and social conditions of rural Victoria are changing. The concepts and practices that have supported the work of the Country Education Project (CEP) in rural Victoria have to change accordingly. The paper looks at the changes impacting upon rural Australia and examines in particular the subject of disadvantage. Disadvantage is a concept that in practice is drawn from a period of stability and relative affluence. Present circumstances may well require a different interpretation, one more in accord with lifelong educational principles. The policy development of the CEP is then analysed and challenges and issues for that organisation outlined.
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Stevanović, Suzana, i Ivan Milenković. "Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of the Inflation Targeting Monetary Strategy in Canada and New Zealand". Economic Themes 58, nr 3 (1.09.2020): 401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ethemes-2020-0023.
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Abstract Since the 1990s there have been major changes in the way monetary policy is conducted. Since other monetary strategies did not result in the desired outcome, the first concept of inflation targeting was presented in New Zealand (1990), then in Canada (1991), England (1992), Sweden and Finland (1993), Australia and Spain (1994), Israel, Chile, Brasil, the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Serbia and other countries. Thus, the application of this monetary regime has spread from economically developed to developing countries. This article examines the adoption, the formal framework for inflation targeting and the experience of the two countries that were leaders in the adoption of this modern strategy, New Zealand and Canada. At the time of the announcement of the inflation targets, inflation in both countries was around 6%. However, there are differences regarding the time frame. So, in New Zealand in a shorter period of time, credibility should have been achieved regarding the imbalance of monetary and fiscal policy. While, on the other hand, a longer time frame is envisaged for the Central Bank of Canada regarding achieving greater flexibility to mitigate price shocks. After all the above, it can be concluded that both observed countries (Canada and New Zealand) during the period 2008-2017, achieved positive effects from inflation targeting. In this sense inflation rates in the target range of 1-3% were achieved, except for a few years after the financial crisis (2008-2011), but after certain revisions of the formal framework, both countries successfully fought for greater economic growth and financial stability. The inflation targeting regime proved to be very successful in achieving the set targets, so both Central Banks continued to constantly update the formal and informal inflation targeting frameworks, in order to continuously achieve the expected effects.
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Wong, Lloyd L. "Chinese Business Migration to Australia, Canada and the United States: State Policy and the Global Immigration Marketplace". Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 12, nr 3 (wrzesień 2003): 301–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680301200303.
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This paper examines business migration to Australia, Canada and the United States by integrating the concepts of a global immigration marketplace and the commodification of citizenship into global political economy theory. It finds that state business migration policies constitute “offers” to potential businesspersons, in a discourse of “competition” and simultaneously regulate the process. In the sorting process of potential migrants across countries many businesspersons have a rational “choice” of the country they want to emigrate to. This competition and choice provide evidence of a global immigration marketplace and data show that only Australia and Canada are active competitors with Canada having an advantage. An analysis of Chinese business migration from China, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Malaysia and Singapore indicate substantial numbers in the tens of thousands in the early 1990s but this has decreased in recent years due to several economic and political factors. Currently there are moderate levels of Chinese business migration with China now as the major source country. Since businesspersons are not a homogenous group the paper concludes with some suggested policy changes to make business migration more accessible and transformative.
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Khreish, Alexander. "Evaluating Australia's financial conditions: A comparative analysis and extension of a dynamic factor model index". Australian Economic Papers 63, S1 (maj 2024): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8454.12358.
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AbstractThis article investigates the unique financial conditions in Australia in the wake of COVID‐19, a subject of critical importance given the recent unprecedented economic events such as the fastest rate rises since the 1990s and the presence of persistently high inflation. This study aims to contribute to the literature by examining the speed of interest rate changes and its implications on financial conditions, particularly in an environment characterised by negative real interest rates. The research aims to extend and refine the financial conditions index (FCI) developed by the Reserve Bank of Australia by incorporating a momentum variable to capture the speed of interest rate changes. A dynamic factor model is utilised to investigate 73 data series across nine main categories, constructing the FCI on a quarterly basis. The results indicate that rapid interest rate changes significantly impact financial conditions, holding significant weights within the model, thus requiring careful policy considerations.
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Bartsits, Alias D. "FOREIGN PRACTICES OF STATE FINANCIAL POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN BRIDGE-LIKE NATIONAL ECONOMIES". Today and Tomorrow of Russian Economy, nr 113-114 (2023): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/1993-4947-2023-113-114-05.
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The article examines the formation of public financial policy in post-crisis national economies in foreign countries: special attention is paid to the implementation of public financial policy in countries such as Belgium, Australia, Canada, and also describes the experience of Norway, Germany, Japan, New Zealand). The author of the study gives the opinion that it is budgetary policy as part of financial policy that plays a priority role and is the main tool in solving problems and tasks in the post-crisis period, and also puts forward the basic priorities of responsible budgetary policy in the social sphere in conditions of macroeconomic instability, including within the framework of the Great Isolation. The article concludes that the best foreign practices in post-crisis economies are associated with the reorientation of public spending to support national economies and the creation of favorable conditions for improving the welfare of citizens, the growth of enterprises, entrepreneurship. Foreign practices are represented by a set of measures of the governments of these countries (socio-economic programs, subsidies, investments, etc.).
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FROLOV, A. V. "Public-Private Partnership as Timely Innovation Factor of the USA". Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, nr 2 (27.08.2018): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-2-151-165.
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PPP (public-private partnership) is traditionally considered as a supplementary tool of spurring economic activity in specific areas. But in innovations such a union proves to become especially vital in modern situation of NBIC-revolution (Industrial Revolution 4.0). The article examines why and how a Network of Radical Innovation PPPs in USA (Manufacturing USATM) became the major zest of Obama’s economic policy and what can be done for their more active development under President D. Trump, should such a will become real under his rule. As shown below, the Manufacturing USA Network creates basis for Greenfield birth and/or sprouting of new NBIC-technologies through traditional industrial clusters, reviving their most perspective segments and elements and thus giving chances for new sustainable competitive growth of USA economy within global market. Notwithstanding general assumption of US national innovation system as decentralized and based on private innovation entrepreneurship (corporations), contemporary economic reality gives little chance for US firms to be competitive in cutting- edge technologies of the future without pre-competitive cooperation with each-others, with the State and with academic sector (research universities) using smart PPP models. Radical innovation PPPs (RIPPPs), thus, are turning into indispensable new element of US innovation mechanism. Perspectives of US innovation and industrial system without RIPPPs look gloomy as without joint federal and academic support US-based corporations (both transnational corporations and nationally-oriented firms) cannot timely obtain substantial sustainable competitive technological advantage over their foreign counterparts. Usage of PPP tool is not uncommon for America as back in 1987 USA established world’s first Innovation PPP called SEMATECH aimed at fostering semiconductor industry in face of Japan growing global leadership in semiconductors. But today such cooperation is needed throughout a bunch of mutually-dependent and interconnected NBIC- technologies among which IT is only a separate one. The article shows that RIPPP system has both theoretical, pragmatic and political aspects and US leading parties do not coincide on this important subject. Author proves that RIPPP is in the interest of all sectors of economy as RIPPPs develop mainly radical general- purpose technologies (as, for example, was ICT-technology for USA in 1980-1990). Notwithstanding that no progress yet made in Innovation PPPs by administration of D. Trump, Manufacturing USA net grows and new international innovation partnerships with US participation demonstrate growing internation al importance of such cooperation: BRAIN Initiative declared at the Australian Academy of Science in Canberra in December 2017 by representatives of the United States, Australia, Europe, Japan and Korea is declared to unite USA with major countries of former Trans-Pacific Partnership Trade Agreement, TPP (Including USA, Australia, Japan, Korea) notwithstanding the fact that D. Trump forced USA to leave TPP in 2017. This International RIPPP is the first example of precompetitive cooperation in artificial intelligence (AI) field. International RIPPPs tend to form an important new node in global innovation system.
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Carson, Dean Bradley, i Doris Anna Carson. "Demographic Instability as a Barrier to Remote Economic Development in the North: Are Cities the Answer?" Sustainability 13, nr 15 (31.07.2021): 8566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158566.
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Remote and sparsely populated northern peripheries in Australia, Europe and North America experience high rates of population turnover and struggle to recruit and retain populations. There has been discussion about the extent to which their larger urban centres may be key to navigating common ‘boom and bust’ cycles, thus contributing to more stable and resilient demographic and economic development in their jurisdictions. This paper examines the population development in twelve remote northern jurisdictions dominated by a large city, comparing urban and regional growth patterns around periods of economic boom and bust since 1990. It was expected that periods of high population growth would be initially led by regional areas where resource projects are commonly located, but that the cities would ultimately benefit more from high growth periods and suffer less from periods of low population growth. It was also expected that cities would retain key populations better than regions because of a growing global urban preference. Results suggest that regional areas did grow more at the start of high growth periods, but there was no universal experience of higher city growth throughout the two boom and bust cycles. Rather, each city and region had unique growth pattern properties. Cities must not be assumed a priori to be the drivers of demographic development, but attention needs to be paid to what types of cities promote less volatile growth and development potential in the regions.
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Busser, Roger, Sudo Sueo, P. J. Drooglever, C. Fasseur, Raymond Evans, Tony Swain, Ch F. Fraassen i in. "Book Reviews". Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 150, nr 2 (1994): 417–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003090.
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- Roger Busser, Sudo Sueo, The Fukuda Doctrine and ASEAN; New dimensions in Japanese Foreign policy. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1992. - P.J. Drooglever, C. Fasseur, De Indologen; Ambtenaren voor de Oost 1825-1950. Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1993, 552 pp. - Raymond Evans, Tony Swain, A place for strangers; Towards a history of Australian Aboroginal being. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, xi + 330 pp. - CH.F. van Fraassen, Leonard Andaya, The world of Maluku; Eastern Indonesia in the early modern period. Honolulu: University of Hawai Press, 1993, ix + 306 pp. - J. van Goor, Lodewijk Wagenaar, Galle VOC-vestiging in Ceylon; Beschrijving van een koloniale samenleving aan de vooravond van de Singalese opstand tegen het Nederlandse gezag, 1760. Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw, 1994. - Geert Kalshoven, A. Schrevel, Access to Water; A socio-economic study into the practice of irrigation development in Indonesia. Ph.D. thesis, The Hague: The Institute of Social Studies, 1993. - Nico Kaptein, Mohamed Ariff, Islam and the economic development of Southeast Asia; The Islamic Voluntary Sector in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies,1991.''Islam and the economic development of Southeast Asia; The Muslim private sector in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1991. - Victor T. King, Alistair Morrison, Fair land Sarawak; Some recollections of an expatriate official. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University (Southeast Asia Program, Studies on Southeast Asia 13), 1993, xiv + 182 pp. - H.A.J. Klooster, Klaus H. Schreiner-Brauch, Nationalismus und Personenkult im indonesischen Geschichtsverständnis. Ph.D. Dissertation, Universität Hamburg, 1993, xxi + 293 pp. - Han Knapen, Mark Cleary, Borneo; Change and development. Singapore, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1992, x + 271 pp., tables, figures, index., Peter Eaton (eds.) - Sirtjo Koolhof, Christiaan G.F. de Jong, Geesten, goden en getuigen: Geschiedenis van de Nederlandse zending onder de Buginezen en Makassaren in Zuid-Sulawesi (Indonesië). Kampen: Kok, (1991), 338 pp., ills., maps, index. - Margaret Leidelmeijer, G.R. Knight, Colonial production in provincial Java; The sugar industry in Pekalongan-Tegal, 1800-1942. Amsterdam: VU University Press, 1994. (Comparative Asian Studies 13.) - J.J. Ras, M.C. Ricklefs, War, culture and economy in Java 1677-1726; Asian and European Imperialism in the early Kartasura period. Sydney: Asian studies Association of Australia, in association with Allen and Unwin, 1993, xviii + 425 pp. - Corry M.I. van der Sluys, Rosemary Gianno, Semelai culture and Resin technology. Connecticut: The Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1990. - Jaap Timmer, Laurence R. Goldman, The culture of coincidence; Accident and absolute liability in Huli. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993, xvi + 443 pp.
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SHCHERBAK, Anatoliі. "COMPETITION AS A FACTOR OF ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE WORLD EXPERIENCE AND UKRAINIAN REALITIES". Economy of Ukraine 2018, nr 8 (14.08.2018): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2018.08.003.
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The views of M. Porter on the importance of competition as a factor of economic development are analyzed. The policy of deregulation carried out by developed countries in recent decades was studied; its successes and limitations are noted. It is shown that implementation of the reform in Australia, aimed at development of competition, led to a significant improvement in economic indicators and increase in the living standard of the population. The OECD Toolkit for assessing the impact on competition has been analyzed. The Toolkit contains the methodology for identifying unnecessary restrictions on competition and developing the alternative measures to achieve the objectives. The state of competitive environment in Ukraine is researched. It is shown that restriction of competition and inequalities of its conditions significantly inhibit economic development. The reasons for rapid growth of Ukraine’s economy in 2000-2008 are analyzed. It is substantiated that one of the most important factors was the strengthening of internal competition as a result of reforms carried out in the 1990s. At the same time, the weakening of competition from the second half of the 2000s led to a decrease in competitiveness. The need for systematic work aimed at eliminating the anticompetitive norms from domestic legislation is substantiated. This work should be based on the OECD Toolkit to assess the impact on competition. It is emphasized that it is necessary to use only those tools that promote competition when implementing the policy. The necessity of active cluster support is substantiated.
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Sadiq, Sanusi Mohammed, P. I. Singh i M. M. Ahmad. "DOES THE LAW OF ONE PRICE (LOP) HOLDS IN THE INTERNATIONAL BARLEY MARKETS". Agricultural Social Economic Journal 21, nr 4 (31.10.2021): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.agrise.2020.021.4.1.
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A price time-series data of barley for a period of 49 years (1970-2019) sourced from the FAO database was used to determine the horizontal market integration of barley among some selected major market players in barley trade in the world. The chosen markets are Australia, Canada, Iran, Turkey and the USA based on the availability of up-to-date large span data. The collected data were analyzed using inferential statistics- unit root tests, co-integration tests, unrestricted vector autoregressive model, Granger causality test and impulse response function. The empirical evidence showed that the law of one price (LOP) exists among the selected markets i.e. there is perfect price communication among the markets in the long run, thus highly integrated. Besides, Australian and Canadian markets established a long-run equilibrium, thus have a stable price in the long run. Furthermore, the import and export hubs of barley in the trade are Canadian, USA and Turkey markets while Iranian and Australian markets are large consumer markets. The empirical evidence showed Canadian and USA markets to be the major players in the trade while the Australian market is a follower in the trade. All the selected markets have promising future prices with a little inflationary trend which will owe to supply fluctuation. The reinforcement of physical infrastructure, the use of ICTs and well-defined consistent agricultural policy/market initiatives would thus lead to the global creation of a single uniform economic market for barley.
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Bowden, Bradley. "An exploration into the relationship between management and market forces". Journal of Management History 23, nr 3 (12.06.2017): 297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-12-2016-0062.
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Purpose Are business outcomes due primarily to entrepreneurial and managerial ability or are they mainly the result of business content? The purpose of this study is to explore this question by comparing the railroads of Victoria and Queensland (Australia) and the South-West and Northern Plains of America between 1881 and 1900. Given the commonalities of the four railway systems in terms of their economic orientation towards rural custom, and their marked difference in terms of ownership, one would expect similarities in their financial circumstances if outcomes were primarily determined by fluctuations in global commodity markets. Conversely, marked differences would be expected if outcomes primarily resulted from managerial initiative. Design/methodology/approach Conceptually, this study is informed by the idea that social and economic outcomes are shaped by long historical movements, with meaningful structural change occurring rarely but to great effect. In exploring this concept through a comparison of the railways of Australia and the American West, the study draws on two forms of archival evidence. One source of evidence relates to railroad management, operations and finances. Figures cited come primarily from Australian railway commissioners’ reports and Poor’s Manual of the Railroads of the USA. The other source of evidence relates to agricultural statistics. These are drawn from official reports. Findings This study argues that effective strategic decision-making can only occur if we understand the structural changes that alter our world. In the late nineteenth century, the Australian and American railroads servicing newly settled rural regions were financial failures because management failed to appreciate the structural changes that the revolution in steam-powered transport had initiated; a revolution which resulted in commodity prices – and hence, the railway rates for farm produce – being determined by global demand and supply balances rather than by local factors. As a result, they continued a policy of expansion that was no longer financially justified. Originality/value This study seeks to contribute to a fundamental debate in historical studies and management about the drivers of social and economic change. Increasingly, there is acceptance of the view that historical circumstances are inherently unstable and what counts is the particular change cascading through a myriad of “events”. This study points in a contrary direction, suggesting that business outcomes are primarily determined by deep structural shifts that can be understood and steered but seldom opposed.
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Andel, Joan D., H. E. Coomans, Rene Berg, James N. Sneddon, Thomas Crump, H. Beukers, M. Heins i in. "Book Reviews". Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 147, nr 4 (1991): 516–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003185.
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- Joan D. van Andel, H.E. Coomans, Building up the the future from the past; Studies on the architecture and historic monuments in the Dutch Caribbean, Zutphen: De Walburg Pers, 1990, 268 pp., M.A. Newton, M. Coomans-Eustatia (eds.) - Rene van den Berg, James N. Sneddon, Studies in Sulawesi linguistics, Part I, 1989. NUSA, Linguistic studies of Indonesian and other languages in Indonesia, volume 31. Jakarta: Badan Penyelenggara Seri Nusa, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya. - Thomas Crump, H. Beukers, Red-hair medicine: Dutch-Japanese medical relations. Amsterdam/Atlanta, GA: Rodopi, Publications for the Netherlands Association of Japanese studies No. 5, 1991., A.M. Luyendijk-Elshout, M.E. van Opstall (eds.) - M. Heins, Kees P. Epskamp, Theatre in search of social change; The relative significance of different theatrical approaches. Den Haag: CESO Paperback no. 7, 1989. - Rudy De Iongh, Rainer Carle, Opera Batak; Das Wandertheater der Toba-Batak in Nord Sumatra. Schauspiele zur Währung kultureller Identität im nationalen Indonesischen Kontext. Veröffentlichungen des Seminars fur Indonesische und Südseesprachen der Universität Hamburg, Band 15/1 & 15/2 (2 Volumes), Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1990. - P.E. de Josselin de Jong, Birgit Rottger-Rossler, Rang und Ansehen bei den Makassar von Gowa (Süd-Sulawesi, Indonesien), Kölner Ethnologische Studien, Band 15. Dietrich Reimar Verlag, Berlin, 1989. 332 pp. text, notes, glossary, literature. - John Kleinen, Vo Nhan Tri, Vietnam’s economic policy since 1975. Singapore: ASEAN Economic research unit, Institute of Southeast Asian studies, 1990. xii + 295 pp. - H.M.J. Maier, David Banks, From class to culture; Social conscience in Malay novels since independence, Yale, 1987. - Th. C. van der Meij, Robyn Maxwell, Textiles of Southeast Asia; Tradition, trade and transformation. Melbourne/Oxford/Auckland/New York: Australian National Gallery/Oxford University Press. - A.E. Mills, Elinor Ochs, Culture and language development, Studies in the social and cultural foundations of language No. 6, Cambridge University Press, 227 + 10 pp. - Denis Monnerie, Frederick H. Damon, Death rituals and life in the societies of the Kula Ring, Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1989. 280 pp., maps, figs., bibliogr., Roy Wagner (eds.) - Denis Monnerie, Frederick H. Damon, From Muyuw to the Trobriands; Transformations along the northern side of the Kula ring, Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1990. xvi + 285 pp., maps, figs., illus., apps., bibliogr., index. - David S. Moyer, Jeremy Boissevain, Dutch dilemmas; Anthropologists look at the Netherlands, Assen/Maastricht: Van Gorcum, 1989, v + 186 pp., Jojada Verrips (eds.) - Gert Oostindie, B.H. Slicher van Bath, Indianen en Spanjaarden; Een ontmoeting tussen twee werelden, Latijns Amerika 1500-1800. Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1989. 301 pp. - Parakitri, C.A.M. de Jong, Kompas 1965-1985; Een algemene krant met een katholieke achtergrond binnen het religieus pluralisme van Indonesie, Kampen: Kok, 1990. - C.A. van Peursen, J. van Baal, Mysterie als openbaring. Utrecht: ISOR, 1990. - Harry A. Poeze, R.A. Longmire, Soviet relations with South-East Asia; An historical survey. London-New York: Kegan Paul International, 1989, x + 176 pp. - Harry A. Poeze, Ann Swift, The road to Madiun; The Indonesian communist uprising of 1948. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Modern Indonesia Project (Monograph series 69), 1989, xii + 116 pp. - Alex van Stipriaan, Cornelis Ch. Goslinga, The Dutch in the Caribbean and in Surinam 1791/5 - 1942, Assen/Maastricht: Van Gorcum, 1990. xii + 812 pp. - A. Teeuw, Keith Foulcher, Social commitment in literature and the arts: The Indonesian ‘Institute of People’s culture’ 1950-1965, Clayton, Victoria: Southeast Asian studies, Monash University (Centre of Southeast Asian studies), 1986, vii + 234 pp. - Elly Touwen-Bouwsma, T. Friend, The blue-eyed enemy; Japan against the West in Java and Luzon, 1942-1945. New Jersey: Princeton University press, 1988, 325 pp.
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Pearson, Leonie J., i Kerry Collins. "Does social-ecological context influence state-based water management decisions? Case study from Queensland, Australia (1980–2006)". Water Policy 12, nr 2 (9.11.2009): 186–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.055.
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The past several decades have seen significant changes in how governments approach water management decisions. This paper reviews 12 major water management decisions in Queensland, Australia, during 1980–2006. The resilience paradigm was used to place the water management decisions in a social-ecological systems context rather than the traditional water resource context. The social-ecological context was interrogated through three parameters: scientific knowledge, environment and institutions for each of the decisions. Results indicate: (a) a trend for increased adoption of formalised integrative (social, economic and environmental factors) evaluation methods (such as benefit cost analysis and environmental impact assessment) in the scientific knowledge parameter of social-ecological context; (b) the environmental parameter (e.g. drought) influenced the timing of water decisions; and (c) a possible threshold was found within the institutional context, i.e. change of State leadership, which determined the regime or type of water decision under consideration e.g. supply or demand dominated management. These findings provide insight to policy makers and scientists on the importance of social-ecological context in the assessment of State water decisions.
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Ní Fhloinn, Deirdre. "Liability in negligence for building defects in Ireland, England and Australia". International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 9, nr 3 (9.10.2017): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlbe-06-2017-0019.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider decisions of the courts of three jurisdictions: Ireland; England and Wales; and Australia, in relation to recovery of economic loss in negligence for building defects and to identify the extent to which the legal environment of each jurisdiction has informed the approach of the courts to the issue. Design/methodology/approach The approach taken for this purpose is to review the extent of legislative intervention in each jurisdiction to provide measures of protection for home buyers, and whether that intervention has limited the scope of what may be recovered in negligence for defects. Findings The findings of the research indicate that the retreat from recovery for defects, led by the courts of England and Wales through a series of cases in the 1980s and 1990s, may be regarded in part as a product of their environment, and that legislative intervention in the area of remedies acted as a limitation on the scope of the duties that the courts were prepared to impose. Originality/value Although the issue of recovery for building defects in negligence has been covered extensively in the literature and jurisprudence, the cross-referencing of the common law position with the legislative context in the jurisdictions considered provides insights into the approaches of courts and why the position of the courts of England and Wales may not transpose comfortably to other jurisdictions.
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Sihem, Ezdini. "The Impact of Culture on the Demand for Non-life Insurance Penetration in Developing Countries: Panel Data Analysis". International Journal of Finance and Accounting 9, nr 2 (15.04.2024): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.2494.
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Purpose: The impact of insurance market activity within financial development is gaining more attention in academia, as the sector experiences growth within emerging markets. The paper aims to understand which macro-economic and social variables impact the growth or decline of the non-life insurance sector broadly across European countries with a view to provide recommendations to drive increased penetration across the region.
Methodology: Using Fixed Effects Panel Data Regression and annual data from 1990 to 2021 on 10 countries, the study examines the explanatory factors of non-life insurance demand in European countries (Australia, France, Austria, Italy, Canada, Luxemburg, Denmark, Norway, Finland and Portugal).
Findings: The study found that GDP, and urbanization and education rates have a significant negative impact on non-life insurance penetration and density; urbanization, religion, education level and rule of law can explain positively variation in non-life insurance density and penetration across countries. Countries with higher urbanization levels, higher education level, Christian or Buddhist beliefs and more effective rule of law spend more on non- life insurance than other countries. The control of corruption and government effectiveness explain negatively variance in non-life insurance.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Notably, governments can develop the non-life insurance sector through policies that support urbanization.Similarly, ensuring an environment that promotes economic freedom (such as low tariff, high personal choice, low government spending and high security of property rights) could be an effective way of promoting non-life insurance demand. In contrast, policies that help to reduce the rate of urbanization may yield a double dividend: less population and congestion in cities and better opportunities for the development of non-life insurance markets. Also, countries with high level of education, can develop the development of non- life insurance demand. Among many socio-economic factors such as income, urbanization and education level, our analysis suggests that cultural dimensions such as beliefs and rule of law play a role.
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Ngaibiakching i Amba Pande. "India’s Act East Policy and ASEAN: Building a Regional Order Through Partnership in the Indo-Pacific". International Studies 57, nr 1 (22.12.2019): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020881719885526.
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Over the past few decades, India’s security concerns have undergone a substantial change. With the formulation of the Look East Policy (LEP) in the 1990s, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as a regional entity became an essential component and a corridor for India’s outreach to Southeast Asia. In 2014, the LEP became more encompassing with a shift to the Act East Policy (AEP). The global security and economic environment too are witnessing significant changes with the USA taking a back seat, China’s aggressive positioning and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) coupled with the emerging geopolitical construct of ‘Indo-Pacific’. The regional stakeholders, such as ASEAN, the USA, Japan, Australia and India are yet to form a unified stand on the Indo-Pacific concept as well as the regional security architecture. The AEP appropriately fits into the current scenario as India is set to take up a larger role in the regional security environment while keeping the centrality of ASEAN intact. New Delhi seeks to create a platform for mutual development in the Indo-Pacific and engage with like-minded nations in the quest for a rules-based order that promotes transparency, respect for sovereignty and international law, stability and free and fair-trade framework. India and ASEAN can be apt partners in the Indo-Pacific to play a constructive role and build a regional order.
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Leggat, Sandra G. "Information management: the limitations of ROI". Australian Health Review 31, nr 4 (2007): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah070488.
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THE REVIEW OF the 60-year history of the Australian Healthcare and Hospitals Association highlights the important role of information and information management in enhancing the Australian health care system. In 1990 Peter Read, the National Director of the (then) Australian Hospital Association, suggested that the health system would soon have hospitals where there are proper information systems which allow managers to identify problem areas by intra and inter hospital comparisons; hospitals where managers know how much treatment does cost and more importantly how much it should cost; and hospitals where the incentives encourage efficient high quality care and where payment received has some relevance to the cost of treatment given.1 But 2007 is almost over and, as outlined by Jared Dart our n=1 author (page 510), we are still waiting! Government funders and health service organisations typically view information as a cost to be managed and not as an asset in which to invest. While investment in health care information management and technology cannot often be justified on economic or financial terms (that is, the financial return on investment [ROI]), a broader perspective that included the positive impact on the quality of care, the improvement in patient safety and patient satisfaction, and the reduction in social costs would favourably tip the investment scale. A paradigm shift is required to balance an overriding concern with return on investment with return to care. This issue focuses on work that is being completed on information foundations (pages 523, 531, 540 and 546), exploitation of technology (page 527) and the use of information to improve care. I would like to draw your attention to the paper by Watson, Rayner, and Lumley from Mother and Child Health Research that outlines their experience in obtaining ethics approval for a study of preterm birth (page 514). This paper provides an example of the information inefficiencies that we have created and perpetuate in our health care system. Don?t miss this issue?s Models of Care paper by Francis and colleagues (page 499) and the concept of health in older age (page 642).
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Chizhevskaya, M. P. "On the role of the US in EU-Japan relations: Is trilateralism still on agenda?" Japanese Studies in Russia, nr 2 (4.07.2022): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55105/2500-2872-2022-2-80-94.
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This article is devoted to analyzing the contemporary configuration of relations inside the triad of the US, the European Union, and Japan, often addressed to as trilateral relations. The ‘three pillars’ theory, which is acknowledged to be a root of the trilateralism concept, was originally introduced by the Japanese Prime Minister Ikeda Hayato during his visit to Paris in 1962. Later, in the 1980s, it was developed by the Japanese diplomat Owada Hisashi, known for his active participation in the Hague declaration preparatory process. This concept was widely used by researchers in the 1990–2000s to explain current EU-Japan relations and their place in world politics. Indeed, it seems natural to develop cooperation between the participants of the so-called ‘triangle’, which dominated the world economically and shared common values of democracy, human rights, and free trade. Meanwhile, although the Transatlantic and Transpacific relations were highly developed due to security cooperation, the Japan-EU relations during the whole post-war period were far less advanced and thus were often called a ‘weak side’ of the triangle. Today, when the US is actively promoting new alliances in the Indo-Pacific region, engaging Australia and India, and the economic predominance of the three economies is challenged by China, addressing this triangle scheme as a working political relations model can be put in doubt.The article argues that, presently, it is difficult to interpret the triangle as a working political model, which is characterized by mutual interdependence of the three engaging actors. The author looks at the roots of this concept, analyzes the reasons why it was the Japanese side who offered such a vision of the US-EC-Japan relations, the role of the US in Japan-Western Europe relations. After considering the decisions of the D. Trump and J. Biden administrations towards their ‘junior partners’, the author concludes that inconsistent, difficult to forecast policy of the Trump administration led to the strengthening of the EU-Japan relationship, which gives reason to point to a certain extent of interdependence between the participants of the triangle. However, the Biden administration’s policy, which seems to be more consistent, but short of idealism towards its allies, has not significantly influenced the EU-Japan relations so far. Rather, it opened the way to search for new partnerships. The conclusion of a defense pact between Japan and Australia in January 2022 is a good example of this process, showing that the partners’ choice is dictated not by a necessity to develop ‘trilateral’ relations, but by pragmatic assessment of effectiveness of this or that partnership.
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Kovalkov, Oleksandr. "US sanctions against the USSR in response to soviet aggression in Afghanistan (1980 – 1988)". American History & Politics: Scientific edition, nr 11 (2021): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2021.11.7.
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The aim of the article is to studу the sanctions against the Soviet Union imposed by the United States in response to Soviet aggression in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. At the core of the research methodology is the method of a content analysis of historical sources, problem-chronological, typological, comparative methods. Main results and conclusions. The Soviet intervention in Afghanistan in December 1979 was condemned by most countries in the world. The reaction to those events on the part of the United States, which led to the escalation of the Cold War and the deterioration of Soviet-American relations, was especially sharp. The continuation of the policy of sanctions announced by President J. Carter in 1980 became the main means of putting pressure on the USSR under the Reagan΄s Administration. The stages of introduction of trade, economic and scientific-technological restrictions on the USSR and discussions about them in American political and business circles have been observed. Thanks to the efforts of American diplomacy, the US allies in Western Europe, Canada, Australia, Japan and other countries joined the sanctions. It was found that the main direction of sanctions was the restriction on the sale to the USSR of equipment for the fuel and energy complex, high-tech products and the refusal to provide «cheap» loans. The effects of the sanctions were exacerbated by falling oil prices in 1985–1986, in which, according to the author, could be involved the United States. The purpose of American sanctions policy was to force the Soviet leadership to make internal changes, as well as to revise the principles of foreign policy, in particular, in the «Afghan question». American sanctions had a detrimental effect on the Soviet economy, deepened the crisis of the Soviet system and contributed to the further technological backwardness of the USSR from developed countries. Scientific novelty. The sanctions against the Soviet Union imposed by the United States in connection with the Soviet aggression in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan on the base of new US sources are specified for the first time.
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Sangkuhl, Elfriede. "How the Macroeconomic Theories of Keynes influenced the Development of Government Economic Finance Policy after the Great Depression of the 1930’s: Using Australia as the Εxample". Athens Journal of Law 1, nr 1 (1.01.2015): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajl.1.1.3.
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Кашницкий, Илья Савельевич. "Демографический дайджест". Демографическое обозрение 3, nr 3 (18.11.2016): 170–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/demreview.v3i3.1750.
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Murphy M. The Impact of Migration on Long-Term European Population Trends, 1850 to PresentKelle J., A.O. Haller. Who Benefits from Economic Growth? Work and Pay in BrazilVictora C.G., R. Bahl, A.J.D. Barros, G.V.A. França, S. Horton, J. Krasevec, S. Murch, M.J. Sankar, N. Walker, N.C Rollins. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect Stillwell J., M. Thomas. How far do internal migrants really move? Demonstrating a new method for the estimation of intra-zonal distanceMarjavaara R., E. Lundholm. Does Second-Home Ownership Trigger Migration in Later Life?Bell M., E. Charles-Edwards, P. Ueffing, J. Stillwell, M. Kupiszewski, D. Kupiszewska. Internal Migration and Development: Comparing Migration Intensities Around the WorldGoujon A., S. KC, M. Speringer, B. Barakat, M. Potancoková, J. Eder, E. Striessnig, R. Bauer, W. Lutz. A harmonized dataset on global educational attainment between 1970 and 2060 – an analytical window into recent trends and future prospects in human capital developmentCooray A., F. Schneider. Does corruption promote emigration? An empirical examinationUeffing P., F. Rowe, C.H. Mulder. Differences in Attitudes towards Immigration between Australia and Germany: The Role of Immigration Policy
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Chen, George, Abbas Valadkhani i Bligh Grant. "How useful is the yield spread as a predictor of growth in Australia?" Journal of Economic Studies 43, nr 2 (9.05.2016): 222–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-09-2014-0159.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the usefulness of the yield spread for forecasting growth in the Australian economy since 1969. Design/methodology/approach – This paper applies time series analysis to evaluate the in-sample and out-of-sample forecasting power of the spread-growth nexus in Australia for the period spanning from 1969 to 2014. Findings – This paper concludes that the spread serves as a useful predictor of growth in output, private dwellings, private fixed capital formation, and inventories in Australia, both in-sample and out-of-sample. Its predictive content is not sensitive to the inclusion of monetary policy variables or the switch to the inflation-targeting regime by the Reserve Bank of Australia in the early 1990s. Originality/value – This paper provides significant evidence to policy makers and market participants on the usefulness of the spread in forecasting output growth for up to eight quarters ahead.
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CHORNA, Svitlana. "ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL SECURITY RESEARCH VECTORS: BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION". WORLD OF FINANCE, nr 2(75) (2023): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2023.02.125.
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Introduction. Bibliometric analysis allows the identification of major trends and priority research areas, as well as the identification of reputable scientists and their contribution to the field. Using the software package VOSviewer v.1.6.14, we analysed the common use of keywords in publications and the identification of partner countries, selecting the two most popular scientific databases Scopus and Web of Science as search tools. The purpose of the article is to identify trends and vectors of scientific research on financial security in order to identify the main directions in related fields. The bibliometric analysis of publications related to finance, economics and security made it possible to identify areas of research in this field and to formulate a quality policy aimed at strengthening national security and improving economic regulation. Results. With the development of technology and the globalisation of the information environment, the number of studies on the topic has increased. The number of relevant research indicators was taken from the Scopus database - 1970 literature, WoS - 1936.. Financial security is studied in several disciplines. According to the Scopus database, the most relevant fields are social sciences, economics, econometrics and finance. According to WoS, financial security is studied within the field of business and finance. Results are also provided for the most cited publications. Researchers from the USA, UK, China, Canada, Australia, Ukraine and Germany have contributed most to the development of this field. The results of the bibliometric analysis showed that there were 8 data clusters from the Scopus database and 11 data clusters from the WoS database. Conclusions. The study revealed the growing interest of the scientific community in the analysis of financial security issues. The direction of scientific research leads to the conclusion that financial security affects all areas of the economic environment and quality of life. A bibliometric analysis of publications by keywords shows that the concept of financial security is often associated with other concepts. This shows that the concept often coincides with categories such as economy, security, environment, etc. The results obtained allow us to determine the vector of focus for further assessment of the country’s financial security.
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Sheng, Shuangqing, Wei Song, Hua Lian i Lei Ning. "Review of Urban Land Management Based on Bibliometrics". Land 11, nr 11 (3.11.2022): 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11111968.
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As the carrier of global urbanization, urban land is the basic means of productivity and life of urban residents. Urban land management is of great significance to global climate change mitigation, improving ecological quality, promoting economic development, and ensuring sustainable urban development. At present, although studies on urban land management have accumulated at the global level, the differences in research methods, objectives, and perspectives have led to the fragmentation and confusion of research conclusions. Therefore, it is necessary to review the literature of urban land management, clarify the research contexts, grasp the research progress, and predict the research trends. Bibliometrics, as a quantitative analysis method of literature review analysis, is more comprehensive and objective than relying only on a literature review. It is of great value to grasp the topics and trends of the research field from an overall perspective. In this paper, the Bibliometrix R software package was used to conduct an econometric literature analysis on urban land management from 1979 to 2021, using the Web of Science database. The results showed that: (1) the annual scientific research output and citation frequency in the field of urban land management has generally increased. Combined with the annual change trend of scientific research output, urban land management research can be divided into three stages: the budding period, from 1979 to 1989, the development period, from 1990 to 2008, and the high-yield period, from 2009 to 2021. (2) The 129 countries/regions reviewed differed in their research output, and developed countries showed strong research. The United States, China, and Australia were the top three countries in terms of solo publications and cooperation publications. In addition, among the 16,270 authors, the top three authors were Pradhan, Zhao, and Li. (3) The top three keywords in the field of urban land management were “Management”, “City/Cities” and “Land Use”. The research topics can be divided into three stages. The first stage covers studies with topics of “Management”, “Urbanization” and “GIS”, from 1979 to 2013. From 2014 to 2018, the research topics were gradually enriched by “Urbanization”, “Impact”, “System”, “GIS”, “Management”, “Policy”, “Conservation” and “land”, with a trend towards multidisciplinary and multi-perspective comprehensive analyses. From 2019 to 2021, “Management” and “Climate Change” were the main topics.
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Shnukal, Anna. "A Failed Experiment: Okinawan Indents and the Postwar Torres Strait Pearlshelling Industry, 1958–1963". International Labor and Working-Class History 99 (2021): 122–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547920000307.
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AbstractThroughout its European history, Australia has solved recurrent labor shortages by importing workers from overseas. Situated on shipping lanes between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, the northern Australian pearlshelling industry became a significant locus of second-wave transnational labor flows (1870–1940) and by the 1880s was dependent on indentured workers from the Pacific and Southeast Asia. Exempted from the racially discriminatory Immigration Restriction Act of 1901, indentured Asian seamen, principally Japanese, maintained the industry until the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941. The Torres Strait pearlshelling industry, centered on Thursday Island in Far North Queensland, resumed in 1946 amid general agreement that the Japanese must not return. Nevertheless, in 1958, 162 Okinawan pearling indents arrived on Thursday Island in a controversial attempt to restore the industry's declining fortunes. This article is intended as a contribution to the history of transnational labor movements. It consults a range of sources to document this “Okinawan experiment,” the last large-scale importation of indentured Asian labor into Australia. It examines Australian Commonwealth-state tensions in formulating and adopting national labor policy; disputes among Queensland policy makers; the social characteristics of the Okinawan cohort; and local Indigenous reactions. Also discussed are the economics of labor in the final years of the Torres Strait pearling industry. This study thus extends our knowledge of transnational labor movements and the intersection of early postwar Australian-Asian relations with Queensland Indigenous labor policy. It also foreshadows contemporary Indigenous demands for control of local marine resources.