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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Australia's biodiversity"

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BUCKLEY, RALF. "Australia's Biodiversity and Climate Change". Austral Ecology 35, nr 6 (25.11.2009): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02166.x.

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SMYTH, ANITA K., JEFF FOULKES i ANNEMARIE WATT. "Biodiversity monitoring in Australia's rangelands: Introduction". Austral Ecology 29, nr 1 (30.01.2004): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2004.01348.x.

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F. Recher, Harry. "The past, future and present of biodiversity conservation in Australia". Pacific Conservation Biology 8, nr 1 (2002): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc020008.

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Australia has a poor record for biodiversity conservation. Government and community priorities promote growth and resource exploitation over conservation and ecologically sustainable land and water use. Programmes to protect biodiversity are inadequate, poorly funded, and inappropriate. Consequently, Australia has a large extinction debt and the 21st Century will see massive losses of continental biodiversity. Because birds are well known, these trends are already evident among Australia's avifauna and illustrate the magnitude of the problems facing biodiversity conservation in 21st Century Australia. Only by ending land clearing, limiting population growth, and adopting scientifically based land and water management and conservation practices can these trends be reversed. This is unlikely, as Australia's largely urban population is ill-informed, while the scientific community is marginalized and the agenda of green groups perpetuates the status quo.
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Hayward, M. W., G. Ward-Fear, F. L'Hotellier, K. Herman, A. P. Kabat i J. P. Gibbons. "Could biodiversity loss have increased Australia's bushfire threat?" Animal Conservation 19, nr 6 (20.03.2016): 490–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acv.12269.

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F. Recher, Harry. "Opportunities for the future". Pacific Conservation Biology 9, nr 3 (2003): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc030159.

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IN the last issue, David Paton wrote about water rationing in Australia's largest cities and lost opportunities. The opportunities Australia passed by were those which would have avoided the need for water rationing, protected the continent's river systems from degradation, conserved continental biodiversity and contributed importantly to achieving an ecologically sustainable economy. Had Australians been prepared to work together, the opportunities missed could have been taken up at no great cost to either society or individuals. Indeed, the environmental and social benefits generated would have more than compensated for any imagined losses in productivity and income.
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HILL, ROSEMARY, KRISTEN J. WILLIAMS, PETINA L. PERT, CATHERINE J. ROBINSON, ALLAN P. DALE, DAVID A. WESTCOTT, ROWENA A. GRACE i TONY O'MALLEY. "Adaptive community-based biodiversity conservation in Australia's tropical rainforests". Environmental Conservation 37, nr 1 (marzec 2010): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000330.

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SUMMARYIn the globally significant Australian tropical rainforests, poor performance of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches mandated by national policy highlights the importance of the global search for better models. This paper reports on co-research to develop, apply and test the transferability and effectiveness of a new model and tools for CBNRM in biodiversity conservation. Adaptive co-management, designed with specific communities and natural resources, recognized as linked multi-scalar phenomena, is the new face of CBNRM. New tools used to achieve adaptive co-management include a collaborative focal species approach focused on the iconic southern cassowary, scenario analysis, science brokering partnerships, a collaborative habitat investment atlas and institutional brokering. An intermediate-complexity analytical framework was used to test the robustness of these tools and therefore likely transferability. The tools meet multiple relevant standards across three dimensions, namely empowering institutions and individuals, ongoing systematic scientific assessment and securing effective on-ground action. Evaluation of effectiveness using a performance criteria framework identified achievement of many social and environmental outcomes. Effective CBNRM requires multi-scale multi-actor collaborative design, not simply devolution to local-scale governance. Bridging/boundary organizations are important to facilitate the process. Further research into collaborative design of CBNRM structures, functions, tools and processes for biodiversity conservation is recommended.
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Bradshaw, S. D. "Albert Russell ('Bert') Main 1919 - 2009". Historical Records of Australian Science 22, nr 1 (2011): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr10013.

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Bert Main (1919?2009)was recognized both nationally and internationally as one of Australia's leading zoologists and a gifted naturalist. His research and ecological teaching on a wide variety of animals, including frogs, reptiles, birds, insects and marsupials, laid the foundations for three generations of graduate students who were inspired by his imagination and biological insight. His foresight and energy as an administrator on government bodies also led to the creation of some of Western Australia's most important National Parks and Nature Reserves that are vital for the preservation of Australia's rich biodiversity and form part of his enduring legacy.
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West, Judy. "The Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research". Pacific Conservation Biology 1, nr 4 (1994): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc940276.

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The critical importance of advancing knowledge for management of Australia's plant biodiversity has been recognized by two of the country's prominent research and conservation organizations. In 1993 the Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research was established in Canberra. This is a joint venture between the CSIRO Division of Plant Industry and the Australian Nature Conservation Agency (ANCA), through the Australian National Botanic Gardens (ANBG), which ANCA administers. The national perspective of the Centre combines the programmes and activities of the two herbaria and the native plant research of both institutions.
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F. Recher, Harry. "Australian Elections, Wilderness and the Lost Billions". Pacific Conservation Biology 4, nr 3 (1998): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980177.

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As I write this editorial, Australia is in the final week of national elections. Apart from the appearance of a strongly nationalistic, and minority, party which the media has promoted as racist, it is unlikely that Australia's election has received much notice outside Australia. Yet there are aspects to this election which should disturb anyone interested in achieving global ecological sustainability and the conservation of global biodiversity. First, there has been a conspicuous silence from the major political parties concerning environmental issues. To be sure, the sitting conservative government has rolled out the pork barrel and grandly announced funding for local conservation initiatives ? especially in marginal seats ? but there has been no debate on issues nor have environmental policies been afforded even a small fraction of the attention given to the economy, unemployment, health or education. Moreover, the projects funded do nothing to resolve the underlying causes of Australia's declining environmental quality (e.g., land clearing, unsustainable logging practices, over grazing, and excessive demands on fresh water). This is despite the fact that respondents to polls continue to list the environment among the most important issues concerning Australians.
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Ritchie, Euan G., Corey J. A. Bradshaw, Chris R. Dickman, Richard Hobbs, Christopher N. Johnson, Emma L. Johnston, William F. Laurance i in. "Continental-Scale Governance and the Hastening of Loss of Australia's Biodiversity". Conservation Biology 27, nr 6 (grudzień 2013): 1133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12189.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Australia's biodiversity"

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Rhodes, Monika, i n/a. "The Ecology and Conservation of the White-Striped Freetail Bat (Tadarida australis) in Urban Environments". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070314.114451.

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Of all anthropogenic pressures, urbanisation is one of the most damaging, and is expanding in its influence throughout the world. In Australia, 90% of the human population live in urban centres along the eastern seaboard. Before European settlement in the early 1800s, much of the Australia's East coast was dominated by forests. Many of the forest dependent fauna have had to adapt to forest fragmentation and habitat loss resulting from clearing for urbanisation. However, relatively few studies have investigated the impact of urbanisation on biodiversity. This is especially true for the remaining fauna in large metropolitan areas, such as Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane. The physical and conceptual context of this thesis is the increasing impact of urbanisation and the potentially threatening factors to forest dependent fauna. Bats were selected because they comprise a third of Australia's mammal species, and therefore form a major component of Australia's biodiversity. Very little is known about the ecology and conservation biology of hollow-dependent bats in general, but particularly in urban environments. The study was conducted in Brisbane, south-east Queensland, one of Australia's most biodiverse regions. More than a third of Australia's bat species occur in this region. A large insectivorous bat, the white-striped freetail bat (Tadarida australis), was selected to study two key resources in this urban area - hollow availability and foraging habitat. This thesis also examined if artificial roost habitat could provide temporary roosts for white-striped freetail bats and other insectivorous bats and assessed whether these bat boxes can be used as a conservation tool in urban environments where natural hollow-availability is limited. The white-striped freetail bat is an obligate hollow-dweller and roosted largely in hollows of old or dead eucalypts throughout Brisbane's urban matrix. These roost trees harboured significantly more additional hollow-dependent species compared to control trees of similar age, height, and tree diameter. Roost cavities inside trees often exceeded 30 cm in diameter. Furthermore, maternity colonies used cavities of hollow trunks, which often extended into major branches, to roost in big numbers. Therefore artificial alternatives, such as small bat boxes, may provide temporary shelter for small roosting groups, but are unlikely to be suitable substitutes for habitat loss. Although five bat species used bat boxes during this study, the white-striped freetail bat was not attracted into bat boxes. Roost-switching behaviour was then used to quantify associations between individual white-striped freetail bats of a roosting group. Despite differences in gender and reproductive seasons, the bats exhibited the same behaviour throughout three radio-telemetry periods and over 500 bat-days of radio-tracking: each roosted in separate roosts, switched roosts very infrequently, and associated with other tagged bats only at a communal roost. Furthermore, the communal roost exhibited a hub of socialising between members of the roosting group especially at night, with vocalisation and swarming behaviour not found at any of the other roosts. Despite being spread over a large geographic area (up to 200 km2), each roost was connected to others by less than three links. One roost (the communal roost) defined the architecture of the network because it had the most links. That the network showed scale-free properties has profound implications for the management of the habitat trees of this roosting group. Scale-free networks provide high tolerance against stochastic events such as random roost removals, but are susceptible to the selective removal of hub nodes, such as the communal roost. The white-striped freetail bat flew at high speed and covered large distances in search for food. It foraged over all land-cover types found in Brisbane. However, its observed foraging behaviour was non-random with respect to both spatial location and the nature of the ground-level habitat. The main feeding areas were within three kilometers of the communal roost, predominantly over the Brisbane River flood plains. As the only mammal capable of flight, bats can forage above fragmented habitats. However, as this study showed, hollow-dependent insectivorous bats, including free-tailed bats, are specialised in their roosting requirements. The ongoing protection of hollow-bearing trees, and the ongoing recruitment of future hollow-bearing trees, is essential for the long-term conservation of these animals in highly fragmented landscapes. Furthermore, loss of foraging habitat is still poorly understood, and should be considered in the ongoing conservation of bats in urban environments.
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Rhodes, Monika. "The Ecology and Conservation of the White-Striped Freetail Bat (Tadarida australis) in Urban Environments". Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367292.

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Of all anthropogenic pressures, urbanisation is one of the most damaging, and is expanding in its influence throughout the world. In Australia, 90% of the human population live in urban centres along the eastern seaboard. Before European settlement in the early 1800s, much of the Australia's East coast was dominated by forests. Many of the forest dependent fauna have had to adapt to forest fragmentation and habitat loss resulting from clearing for urbanisation. However, relatively few studies have investigated the impact of urbanisation on biodiversity. This is especially true for the remaining fauna in large metropolitan areas, such as Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane. The physical and conceptual context of this thesis is the increasing impact of urbanisation and the potentially threatening factors to forest dependent fauna. Bats were selected because they comprise a third of Australia's mammal species, and therefore form a major component of Australia's biodiversity. Very little is known about the ecology and conservation biology of hollow-dependent bats in general, but particularly in urban environments. The study was conducted in Brisbane, south-east Queensland, one of Australia's most biodiverse regions. More than a third of Australia's bat species occur in this region. A large insectivorous bat, the white-striped freetail bat (Tadarida australis), was selected to study two key resources in this urban area - hollow availability and foraging habitat. This thesis also examined if artificial roost habitat could provide temporary roosts for white-striped freetail bats and other insectivorous bats and assessed whether these bat boxes can be used as a conservation tool in urban environments where natural hollow-availability is limited. The white-striped freetail bat is an obligate hollow-dweller and roosted largely in hollows of old or dead eucalypts throughout Brisbane's urban matrix. These roost trees harboured significantly more additional hollow-dependent species compared to control trees of similar age, height, and tree diameter. Roost cavities inside trees often exceeded 30 cm in diameter. Furthermore, maternity colonies used cavities of hollow trunks, which often extended into major branches, to roost in big numbers. Therefore artificial alternatives, such as small bat boxes, may provide temporary shelter for small roosting groups, but are unlikely to be suitable substitutes for habitat loss. Although five bat species used bat boxes during this study, the white-striped freetail bat was not attracted into bat boxes. Roost-switching behaviour was then used to quantify associations between individual white-striped freetail bats of a roosting group. Despite differences in gender and reproductive seasons, the bats exhibited the same behaviour throughout three radio-telemetry periods and over 500 bat-days of radio-tracking: each roosted in separate roosts, switched roosts very infrequently, and associated with other tagged bats only at a communal roost. Furthermore, the communal roost exhibited a hub of socialising between members of the roosting group especially at night, with vocalisation and swarming behaviour not found at any of the other roosts. Despite being spread over a large geographic area (up to 200 km2), each roost was connected to others by less than three links. One roost (the communal roost) defined the architecture of the network because it had the most links. That the network showed scale-free properties has profound implications for the management of the habitat trees of this roosting group. Scale-free networks provide high tolerance against stochastic events such as random roost removals, but are susceptible to the selective removal of hub nodes, such as the communal roost. The white-striped freetail bat flew at high speed and covered large distances in search for food. It foraged over all land-cover types found in Brisbane. However, its observed foraging behaviour was non-random with respect to both spatial location and the nature of the ground-level habitat. The main feeding areas were within three kilometers of the communal roost, predominantly over the Brisbane River flood plains. As the only mammal capable of flight, bats can forage above fragmented habitats. However, as this study showed, hollow-dependent insectivorous bats, including free-tailed bats, are specialised in their roosting requirements. The ongoing protection of hollow-bearing trees, and the ongoing recruitment of future hollow-bearing trees, is essential for the long-term conservation of these animals in highly fragmented landscapes. Furthermore, loss of foraging habitat is still poorly understood, and should be considered in the ongoing conservation of bats in urban environments.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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Presti, Maia M. "Designing For The Continued Survival Of Wildlife: A Case Study On Wildlife Habitat Design In Australia's Alice Springs Desert Park". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1136.

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This thesis explores the nexus between landscape design processes and the conservation of wildlife diversity. Extinction of earth’s unique and diverse animal species is progressing at unprecedented rates, due to humanity’s profound alteration of the natural landscape. Scientific literature increasingly points towards opportunities in the urban and landscape design fields to this issue. Unfortunately, the science and needs of wildlife are rarely integrated in rigorous ways in the planning and design of human landscapes. This gap in professional practice protocols and regulatory frameworks in much of the western world is explored and raises questions about how design can successfully protect, restore, and even re-create viable habitat and linkages for wildlife that is integrated with human landscape. Australia has modeled new integrated wildlife-centric design approaches and projects there demonstrate accumulated expertise in the specific area of wildlife habitat design. Through a case study of Australia’s Alice Springs Desert Park, I argue that balancing human and wildlife needs at every step of the design and building process is necessary for successful wildlife habitat design. This integrated approach does not view wildlife and humans as independent, but rather as two interdependent habitat participants that must coexist to ensure the future of both.
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Kloser, Rudolf J. "Seabed biotope characterisation based on acoustic sensing". Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/524.

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The background to this thesis is Australia’s Oceans Policy, which aims to develop an integrated and ecosystem-based approach to planning and management. An important part of this approach is the identification of natural regions in regional marine planning, for example by establishing marine protected areas for biodiversity conservation. These natural regions will need to be identified on a range of scales for different planning and management actions. The scale of the investigation reported in this thesis is applicable to spatial management at 1 km to 10 km scale and monitoring impacts at the 10s of m to 1 km biotope scale. Seabed biotopes represent a combination of seabed physical attributes and related organisms. To map seabed biotopes in deep water, remote sensing using a combination of acoustic, optical and physical sensors is investigated. The hypothesis tested in this thesis is that acoustic bathymetry and backscatter data from a Simrad EM1002 multi-beam sonar (MBS) can be used to infer (act as a surrogate of) seabed biotopes. To establish a link between the acoustic data and seabed biotopes the acoustic metrics are compared to the physical attributes of the seabed in terms of its substrate and geomorphology at the 10s m to 1 km scale using optical and physical sensors. At this scale the relationship between the dominant faunal functional groups and both the physical attributes of the seabed and the acoustic data is also tested. These tests use data collected from 14 regions and 2 biomes to the south of Australia during a voyage in 2000. Based on 62 reference sites of acoustic, video and physical samples, a significant relationship between ecological seabed terrain types and acoustic backscatter and bathymetry was observed.These ecological terrain types of soft-smooth, soft-rough, hard-smooth and hard-rough were chosen as they were the most relevant to the biota in their ability to attach on or burrow into the seabed. A seabed scattering model supported this empirical relationship and the overall shape of backscatter to incidence angle relationship for soft and hard seabed types. The correlation between acoustic data (backscatter mean and standard deviation) and the visual and physical samples was most consistent between soft-smooth and hard-rough terrain types for a large range of incidence angles (16o to 70o). Using phenomenological backscatter features segmented into 10 common incidence angle bins from -70o to 70o the length resolution of the data decreased to 0.55 times depth. The decreased resolution was offset by improved near normal incidence (0o to 30o) seabed type discrimination with cross validation error reducing from 32% to 4%. A significant relationship was also established between the acoustic data and the dominant functional groups of fauna. Faunal functional groups were based on the ecological function, feeding mode and substrate preference, with 8 out of the 10 groups predicted with 70% correctness by the four acoustically derived ecological terrain types. Restricting the terrain classification to simple soft and hard using the acoustic backscatter data improved the prediction of three faunal functional groups to greater than 80%. Combining the acoustic bathymetry and backscatter data an example region, Everard Canyon, was interpreted at a range of spatial scales and the ability to predict the preferred habitat of a stalked crinoid demonstrated.Seabed terrain of soft and hard was predicted from the acoustic backscatter data referenced to a common seabed incidence angle of 40o. This method of analysis was selected due to its combined properties of high spatial resolution, consistent between terrain discrimination at the widest range of incidence angles and consistent data quality checking at varying ranges. Based in part on the research reported in this thesis a mid-depth Simrad EM300 multibeam sonar was purchased for use in Australian waters. A sampling strategy is outlined to map all offshore waters with priority within the 100 m to 1500 m depths.
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Kloser, Rudolf J. "Seabed biotope characterisation based on acoustic sensing". Curtin University of Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18566.

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The background to this thesis is Australia’s Oceans Policy, which aims to develop an integrated and ecosystem-based approach to planning and management. An important part of this approach is the identification of natural regions in regional marine planning, for example by establishing marine protected areas for biodiversity conservation. These natural regions will need to be identified on a range of scales for different planning and management actions. The scale of the investigation reported in this thesis is applicable to spatial management at 1 km to 10 km scale and monitoring impacts at the 10s of m to 1 km biotope scale. Seabed biotopes represent a combination of seabed physical attributes and related organisms. To map seabed biotopes in deep water, remote sensing using a combination of acoustic, optical and physical sensors is investigated. The hypothesis tested in this thesis is that acoustic bathymetry and backscatter data from a Simrad EM1002 multi-beam sonar (MBS) can be used to infer (act as a surrogate of) seabed biotopes. To establish a link between the acoustic data and seabed biotopes the acoustic metrics are compared to the physical attributes of the seabed in terms of its substrate and geomorphology at the 10s m to 1 km scale using optical and physical sensors. At this scale the relationship between the dominant faunal functional groups and both the physical attributes of the seabed and the acoustic data is also tested. These tests use data collected from 14 regions and 2 biomes to the south of Australia during a voyage in 2000. Based on 62 reference sites of acoustic, video and physical samples, a significant relationship between ecological seabed terrain types and acoustic backscatter and bathymetry was observed.
These ecological terrain types of soft-smooth, soft-rough, hard-smooth and hard-rough were chosen as they were the most relevant to the biota in their ability to attach on or burrow into the seabed. A seabed scattering model supported this empirical relationship and the overall shape of backscatter to incidence angle relationship for soft and hard seabed types. The correlation between acoustic data (backscatter mean and standard deviation) and the visual and physical samples was most consistent between soft-smooth and hard-rough terrain types for a large range of incidence angles (16o to 70o). Using phenomenological backscatter features segmented into 10 common incidence angle bins from -70o to 70o the length resolution of the data decreased to 0.55 times depth. The decreased resolution was offset by improved near normal incidence (0o to 30o) seabed type discrimination with cross validation error reducing from 32% to 4%. A significant relationship was also established between the acoustic data and the dominant functional groups of fauna. Faunal functional groups were based on the ecological function, feeding mode and substrate preference, with 8 out of the 10 groups predicted with 70% correctness by the four acoustically derived ecological terrain types. Restricting the terrain classification to simple soft and hard using the acoustic backscatter data improved the prediction of three faunal functional groups to greater than 80%. Combining the acoustic bathymetry and backscatter data an example region, Everard Canyon, was interpreted at a range of spatial scales and the ability to predict the preferred habitat of a stalked crinoid demonstrated.
Seabed terrain of soft and hard was predicted from the acoustic backscatter data referenced to a common seabed incidence angle of 40o. This method of analysis was selected due to its combined properties of high spatial resolution, consistent between terrain discrimination at the widest range of incidence angles and consistent data quality checking at varying ranges. Based in part on the research reported in this thesis a mid-depth Simrad EM300 multibeam sonar was purchased for use in Australian waters. A sampling strategy is outlined to map all offshore waters with priority within the 100 m to 1500 m depths.
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Dhanasekaran, Vijaykrishna. "Freshwater fungi biodiversity, origins and molecular taxonomy /". Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B32017583.

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Azarbayjani, Fathollah Fathi, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Science and Technology i School of Science. "Assessment of estimators and factors affecting arboreal arthropod biodiversity on Melaleuca Linariifolia". THESIS_FST_SS_Azarbayjani_F.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/246.

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This study was carried out in a woodland on the campus of University of Western Sydney at Richmond, Australia to investigate seasonal effects and recovery speed of arboreal arthropods after disturbance. Twenty one pairs of Melaleuca linariifolia Sm. trees were sampled using insecticide spraying in a log2 nine period sequence (1-32) of weeks supplemented by additional samples to incorporate seasonal (weeks 24 and 48) and annual (week 52) samples. Using species accumulation curves, it was found that four collectors provided a reasonable representation of a tree's fauna and that a single tree does not provide a representative sample of the arthropod fauna found on trees of this species in the study area. The application of richness and evenness indices in different seasons showed significant changes in diversity. It was clear from the findings of the study that careful attention needs to be paid to experimental design. Under replication is the normal situation in previous studies and the effects of location, season and disturbance are all critical factors affecting the estimation of diversity.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Smith, Graeme. "The contribution of silverfish (insecta: zygentoma) to Australian invertebrate biodiversity and endemism". Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2018. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/164489.

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Silverfish (Order Zygentoma) are quite abundant in Australia but have been largely overlooked. This thesis examines the biodiversity of the Australian fauna at the level of genus, describing at least one representative species from each named genus and some new genera. The endemism of the fauna is evaluated and likely zoogeographic origins proposed. Over 4000 specimens were examined, either collected by the author, borrowed from or examined within museum collections or supplied by organisations and individuals conducting fauna surveys. Twenty- seven new native species are described and two redescribed, bringing the number of named species recorded in Australia to 74. Five new genera are described and four additional genera recorded in Australia for the first time including autochthonous representatives of three subfamilies previously unrecognised as native to Australia (Acrotelsatinae, Lepismatinae and Coletiniinae). No representatives of the families Maindroniidae, Tricholepidiidae and Protrinemuridae were found. The subfamily Acrotelsatinae was redefined following a revision of the enigmatic genus Anisolepisma Paclt, 1967 with the unique structure of the thoracic sterna identified as diagnostic for the subfamily. Contrary to existing opinion, it is suggested that this is a fundamentally different and plesiomorphic character, rather than an apomorphic reduction of the free thoracic sterna. A monograph of the Australian Zygentoma is presented, including a summary of the biology of the order, a key to and diagnoses of the genera, as well as information on the known habitat and distribution of each genus and a discussion of their zoogeography. At the suprageneric level the fauna is less diverse than seen in other zoogeographic regions but appears to be rich in the number of species. The fauna displays a high degree of endemism with 91% of described species and 52% of the genera known only from Australia. Some genera appear to be ancient and probably represent a Pangean element in the Australian fauna. Others appear to have emerged in the late Jurassic when Africa was still joined to Gondwana, while some may have appeared in the Cretaceous or Palaeocene when Australia and South America were connected to Gondwana. More recent links with the Asian fauna are limited and there appears to be no widespread highly mobile global species other than the six introduced anthropophilic species. Maps of the worldwide distribution records extracted from the taxonomic literature are used to discuss the zoogeography of the subfamilies and tribes present in Australia. Molecular data using two mitochondrial genes (16S and COI) as well as a nuclear gene (28S) were compared with detailed morphological and morphometric analysis to examine populations initially determined as Heterolepisma sclerophylla or close to it. Distances of 0.9– 1.8% or greater in 28S, and 7.2–14% in COI were associated with morphologically distinct species. A southern Queensland population was found to be genetically, morphometrically and morphologically very distinct from those collected in NSW and was described as new (Heterolepisma sp. B). Six well-defined barcode clusters (“lineages”) were identified within the NSW populations, each with >4% divergence in COI sequences and each geographically restricted. Intracluster divergences are also large, and despite the well-supported phylogeny no clear “barcode gap” (distinction between intracluster and intercluster distances) was found for three of the six NSW populations. The 28S data distinguished only four of the six COI clusters from NSW with essentially no variation within each cluster. The 28S data generally aligned well with morphological evidence, clearly identifying Heterolepisma sp. B as a distinct species, and supporting also the description of Heterolepisma sp. A even though it only appears to differ from H. sclerophylla in the number of styli. Similar genetic distances are observed in 28S data for H. sclerophylla populations from North Nowra, Glenbrook/Burralow/Nattai and Megalong, however the Broulee and Wellington populations have identical 28S sequences. The low levels of variation in 28S sequences between NSW populations accord with the lack of unambiguous morphological differences.
Doctor of Philosophy
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Noonan, David J. "Toward a bioregional policy and practice for the conservation of threatened biodiversity /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envn817.pdf.

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Haouchar, Dalal. "Using ancient DNA to investigate extinction, extirpation and past biodiversity of Australian macropods". Thesis, Haouchar, Dalal (2016) Using ancient DNA to investigate extinction, extirpation and past biodiversity of Australian macropods. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/32550/.

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Streszczenie:
The field of ancient DNA (aDNA) involves the isolation and retrieval of trace amounts of degraded DNA from a variety of substrates including fossils, sediments and historical material. The fragmentary nature of aDNA necessitates the use of methods with the ability to capture and amplify short segments of DNA. Collectively aDNA studies have made significant and unique contributions to a wide field of research including conservation, population genetics, taxonomy and phylogeny. The primary aim of this thesis research is to explore the utility of aDNA techniques to study extirpation, extinction and past biodiversity of Australian macropods. Using a combination of historical, Holocene and Pleistocene aged fossils, this research will attempt to investigate what ancient mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can add to our knowledge of Australia’s macropods. Traditional aDNA techniques have largely been used to isolate mtDNA from single fossil samples - an example of this approach is shown in Chapter Two where a wellpreserved wallaby fossil bone from Depuch Island (Western Australia) was studied. The ancient mtDNA (cytochrome b and control region) data produced strong phylogenetic signal and shows that the Depuch Island rock-wallaby specimen is most similar to the mainland Petrogale lateralis lateralis. This finding has conservation implications for ongoing rehabilitation and translocation efforts in the Pilbara region. Chapter Three of this thesis also uses mitochondrial aDNA techniques, to explore questions regarding interrelationships and former distribution of a macropod species complex; Bettongia spp. Cytochrome b and control region data retrieved from 88 historical samples, along with ~214 already sequenced samples, place the most recent common ancestor of the brush-tailed bettongs at c. 2.5 Myr. Ancient mtDNA is suggestive of connectivity between what are now highly fragmented populations, a result that has implications for how critically endangered brush-tailed bettongs should be managed. Ancient DNA analyses and DNA sequencing technology have evolved over recent years and during the course of this study. Therefore in keeping up with the latest high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology, aDNA analyses in ~70 bones and 20 sediment samples excavated from a Late Pleistocene–Holocene cave deposit on Kangaroo Island, South Australia was undertaken. Samples were selected from 15 stratigraphic layers, ranging in age from >20 ka to ~6.8 ka. The successful retrieval of bona fide aDNA sequences, back to at least 20 ka, demonstrates excellent longterm DNA preservation at the site. All unidentified bones that were screened revealed a number of taxa from the assemblage including, Macropus, Onychogalea, Potorous, Bettongia, Dasyurus, Rattus and Notechis. The results from this study add significant value to the late Pleistocene-mid-Holocene paleontological record, detailing the past diversity of flora and fauna on Kangaroo Island. Lastly, Chapter 5 introduces the latest molecular techniques in capturing and enriching highly fragmented aDNA bone from four sites across Australia. Ancient DNA extractions techniques, targeting ultra-short DNA fragments, were employed in an attempt to obtain Pleistocene-aged material. The warm conditions, a factor common in Australian caves, are not conductive to long-term DNA preservation at many sites. Shotgun sequencing was only successful on six bone samples (including one incisor) from a total of 25 samples that were screened. Three samples were successfully captured and enriched for endogenous DNA; one bettong sample generated 89.6% of a mtDNA genome with 5.4X coverage. Overall, the decay rate of DNA and preservation across all four sites was high, and extremely degraded, with an average fragment length between 47 bp and 57 bp. These data demonstrate that recovery of Pleistocene-aged aDNA from warm climate sites across Australia will remain a challenge and that better ways to screen and predict DNA survival are needed. This thesis presents a combination of work from multiple sites across Australia using a range of aDNA techniques and sequencing technologies that have evolved over the tenure of this thesis. Collectively, this body of work has demonstrated the value of integrating aDNA data into modern-day conservation decision-making and has contributed to a wider understanding of Australian macropods both past and present.
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Książki na temat "Australia's biodiversity"

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(Australia), CSIRO, red. Australia's biodiversity and climate change. Collingwood, Vic: CSIRO Pub., 2009.

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Steffen, W. L. Australia's biodiversity and climate change. Collingwood, Vic: CSIRO Pub., 2009.

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'In considerable variety': Introducing the diversity of Australia's insects. Dordrecht: Springer, 2011.

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Yencken, David. Resetting the compass: Australia's journey towards sustainability. Collingwood, VIC: CSIRO Pub., 2000.

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On borrowed time: Australia's environmental crisis and what we must do about it. Victoria: Penguin Books in association with CSIRO Pub., 2007.

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Alison, Specht, red. Australian plant communities: Dynamics of structure, growth and biodiversity. South Melbourne, Vic: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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L, McKenzie N., McKenna Sue, May J. E i Western Australia. Dept. of Conservation and Land Management., red. Bioregional summary of the 2002 biodiversity audit for Western Australia. [Kensington, W.A.]: Dept. of Conservation & Land Management, 2003.

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A, Bradstock R., Williams Jann E. 1961- i Gill A. M, red. Flammable Australia: The fire regimes and biodiverstiy of a continent. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

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L, McKenzie N., i Doughty P, red. A biodiversity survey of the Pilbara region of Western Australia, 2002-2007 / edited by A. S. George, N. L. McKenzie and P. Doughty. Perth: Western Australian Museum, 2011.

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Richard, Schodde, i Mason Ian J, red. The directory of Australian birds: A taxonomic and zoogeographic atlas of the biodiversity of birds in Australia and its territories. Collingwood, Vic: CSIRO Publishing, 1999.

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Części książek na temat "Australia's biodiversity"

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Kingsford, Richard T. "Australia's biodiversity conservation crisis - does anyone care?" W Grumpy Scientists, 31–38. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2013.010.

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Abbott, Ian, i Neil Burrows. "Monitoring biodiversity in jarrah forest in south-west Western Australia: the Forestcheck initiative". W Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna, 947–58. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.947.

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Catterall, Carla P., John Kanowski, Grant W. Wardell-Johnson, Heather Proctor, Terry Reis, Debra Harrison i Nigel I. J. Tucker. "Quantifying the biodiversity values of reforestation: perspectives, design issues and outcomes in Australian rainforest landscapes". W Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna, 359–93. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.021.

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Brennan, Karl E. C., Melinda L. Moir i Jonathan D. Majer. "Conservation and biodiversity of spiders in Western Australian jarrah forest: untangling multiple disturbance effects from burning and mining". W Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna, 914–35. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.914.

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York, Alan, i Jaynia Tarnawski. "Impacts of grazing and burning on terrestrial invertebrate assemblages in dry eucalypt forests of north-eastern New South Wales: implications for biodiversity conservation". W Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna, 845–59. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.845.

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Main, Barbara York. "Biological anachronisms among trapdoor spiders reflect Australia's environmental changes since the Mesozoic". W The Other 99%: The Conservation and Biodiversity of Invertebrates, 236–45. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/rzsnsw.1999.039.

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Kikkawa, Jiro. "Biogeographic Patterns of Avian Diversity in Australia". W Biodiversity, 9–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1906-4_2.

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Williams, Kristen J., Andrew Ford, Dan F. Rosauer, Naamal De Silva, Russell Mittermeier, Caroline Bruce, Frank W. Larsen i Chris Margules. "Forests of East Australia: The 35th Biodiversity Hotspot". W Biodiversity Hotspots, 295–310. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_16.

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Stork, Nigel E., Steve Goosem i Stephen M. Turton. "Status and Threats in the Dynamic Landscapes of Northern Australia’s Tropical Rainforest Biodiversity Hotspot: The Wet Tropics". W Biodiversity Hotspots, 311–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_17.

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Pech, Roger P. "Managing Alien Species: the Australian Experience". W Invasive Species and Biodiversity Management, 377–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4523-7_25.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Australia's biodiversity"

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Braby, Michael F. "Butterfly biodiversity of the Australian continent". W 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.109909.

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Hayes, R. Andrew. "Optimizing generic cerambycid pheromone lures for Australian biosecurity and biodiversity monitoring". W 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.111826.

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Guo, Yiqing, Karel Mokany, Cindy Ong, Peyman Moghadam, Simon Ferrier i Shaun Levick. "Quantitative Assessment of DESIS Hyperspectral Data for Plant Biodiversity Estimation in Australia". W IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9883033.

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Catianis, Irina, Gabriel Iordache, Adriana Maria Constantinescu, Ana Bianca Pavel i Oana Dobre. "ASSESSMENT OF THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE EMERGENT AQUATIC VEGETATION IN THE DANUBE DELTA, ROMANIA. THE CASE STUDY OF TATARU AND UZLINA LAKES". W 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s11.45.

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This paper presents the findings of the mapping and evaluation of macrophyte vegetation from Tataru and Uzlina lakes, located within Danube Delta, Romania. Throughout time, the Danube Delta unique ecosystem has endured considerable ecological changes due to natural and anthropogenic stressors. Currently, the potential threats are those related to pollution, agriculture, land use, climate change and subsequently, the proliferation and/or the extinction of many macrophyte species. The excessive development of aquatic vegetation has negative consequences, reducing the flow velocity of water in the connecting channels, exacerbates the sedimentation processes in the deltaic lakes which are subject to the clogging phenomenon (i.e., silting). The abundance, distribution and biodiversity of the emergent aquatic species were surveyed in Tataru and Uzlina lakes. The biodiversity of macrophytes is different in the investigated lakes, being dependent on the fluvial input of water and sediment of the Danube River, extent of lakes and water depth. In Tataru Lake, the macrophyte vegetation was represented by a greater variety of species (Nymphaea alba, Nuphar lutea, Trapa natans, Salvinia natans, Lemna minor and Phragmites australis), in comparison to Uzlina Lake (Nymphaea alba, Nuphar lutea, Trapa natans and Phragmites australis). This methodology and results are valuable for the strategic environmental assessment and management of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve and can be used in similar settings.
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Constable, Amy Louise. "Translating policy aspirations into durable policy: the case of biodiversity offsetting in South Eastern Australia". W 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107362.

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"Application of a forest dynamics simulator to inform sustainable biodiversity conservation and grazing management in Australia". W 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2013). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2013.h10.ngugi.

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McColl-Gausden, Sarah, Lauren Bennett i Trent Penman. "Biodiversity in Fire Risk Analysis: Response of Plant Viability to Demographic Shifts in Fire-Prone Australian Forests". W ICFBR 2022. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022017019.

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Damiens, Florence, Libby Porter, Sarah Bekessy i Ascelin Gordon. "How and why biodiversity offsetting became a policy of international relevance? An Investigation of offset policies in France and Australia". W 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107612.

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