Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Augusta, Ga. Board of Health”

Abstract Purpose The goal of the CHANGE project is to provide a sustainable model of evidence-based cancer awareness through education – with an emphasis on prevention and early detection behaviors. Methods: Residents of a public housing community were invited to participate in a 4-week education program on breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer, including modifiable risk factors of obesity and tobacco use, screening eligibility, and participation in clinical trials. Each session was led by trained research staff, and lasted approximately one hour. A community site survey was also conducted among 20% of the residents to evaluate community cancer knowledge and screening behaviors. A community advisory board was established to support program implementation and advise on choosing a cancer risk-reducing environmental change. Results: 14 adult participants (7 men and 7 women, 86% African American) completed baseline measurements. 10 participants received a relevant health history notification, which means they were positive for one of the following which put them in the "higher risk" category: Due for one of the following screenings Breast, Colorectal or Prostate; Had family history of cancer; Tobacco use; Overweight/obese - 1 male was referred to the GCC Tobacco Cessation Program. All eligible participants were navigated to local cancer screening providers and will be followed up at 3 months.Community site survey results indicated a need for improved access to fresh fruits and vegetable access. Community advisory board participants and community resources collaborated to provide locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables to the public housing community's internal market. 1 Discussion: This sample represents those most at risk for cancer in the Augusta, GA area. This project will impact health equity by emphasizing a comprehensive approach to care through community environmental change and individual changes in knowledge and risk-reducing behaviors. Additional sites will be enrolled in the program through the end of 2022. Citation Format: Marlo M. Vernon, Samantha Jones, Steven Coughlin, Justin X. Moore, Vahe Heboyan, Martha Tingen. Cancer Health Awareness through Screening and Education (CHANGE): Community health engagement [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B034.

BackgroundEpithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the most lethal of gynecological malignancies. The high mortality is related to a late diagnosis with over 75% being at an advanced stage, high recurrence rates, and ultimately resistance to chemotherapy. Previous studies have consistently demonstrated a strong association between higher tumor T cell infiltration and improved survival in OvCa patients supporting the potential clinical utility of T cell activating immunotherapy approaches. Maveropepimut-S (MVP-S, formerly named DPX-Survivac) is a T cell activating immunotherapy which is a formulation of the proprietary drug delivery platform DPX™ with immunogenic T-cell epitopes derived from the tumor-associated antigen survivin. MVP-S in combination with intermittent low-dose cyclophosphamide has been shown to induce robust and durable antigen-specific T cell responses and anti-tumor clinical activity in recurrent OvCa patients. The current study presents translational data aimed at identifying tumor tissue-based predictive biomarkers for response to treatment with MVP-S.MethodsBaseline and on-treatment tumor biopsies were collected from patients treated with MVP-S primed with immune-modulating low dose cyclophosphamide. Multiplex-immunohistochemistry (mIHC, Akoya Biosciences) and RNAseq analyses (Personalis Inc.) were used to analyze the tumor immune environment and identify potential response predictors to MVP-S.ResultsTwenty-two patients with advanced, recurrent OvCa were enrolled in this study. mIHC analysis demonstrated that higher baseline CD3+CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumor tissue was significantly associated with anti-tumor clinical activity of MVP-S defined as >10% on-treatment tumor regression. Pathway enrichment analyses using the differentially expressed genes associated with anti-tumor clinical activity confirmed these findings. In addition, we identified B cell pathway genes to be significantly upregulated in patients with >10% on-treatment tumor regression. mIHC analyses of paired biopsies available for one subject with clinical response (PR) demonstrated that MVP-S treatment induced increased T and B cell infiltration in the on-treatment biopsy compared to the baseline biopsy. These findings suggest that immunogenic tumors are more susceptible to the MVP-S treatment, in line with its mechanism of action. Pathway enrichment analyses further revealed that upregulation of genes or pathways related to immune-suppression (e.g. WNT pathway) or immune evasion/exclusion (CD276, Arg2) were significantly associated with lack of anti-tumor activity indicative of potential mechanism of primary resistance.ConclusionsCollectively, these results provide insight for possible response predictors to MVP-S based therapyTrial RegistrationNCT02785250Ethics ApprovalThe protocol and patient-informed consent form received approval by Institutional Review Boards. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. REBs: Comite d’ethique de la recherche du CHUM (Montreal, Canada); Western Institutional Review Board 20161075 (Augusta, GA, USA); FWA #00002505 (NEW YORK, NY, USA); FWA00000161, IRB00000471 (Portland, Oregon, USA); University Health Network REB (Toronto, Canada); FWA00000935, FWA00000934 (Standford, CA, USA); Health Research Ethics Board of Alberta, (Edmonton, Canada)

Number of risk factors has been associated with pelvic inflammatory disease, such as age, previous sexually transmitted infection, previous PID, multiple sexual partners, or an intrauterine contraceptive device. Women who use an intrauterine device for contraception are at least 2-4 times more likely to develop PID than non-users. Women who have had PID are twice as likely to develop the infection as those who have never had it. A history of a prior uncomplicated gonococcal infection is more common among women with PID than among women without disease. The present cross- sectional study was conducted in J.N. Medical College and Hospital (J.N.M.C.H.), Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. Permission for doing the study was taken by the Board of Studies in the Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. The study was carried out for a period of one year, from 1st August 2001 to 31st July 2002. The present study was carried out among ever married females in the reproductive age group of 15 to 49 years. Women, who gave positive history of PID, were asked to give their consent for the study. Their refusal was taken as exclusion criteria. Females with PID who were menstruating or who had taken antibiotic within the previous month were also excluded from the study. A total of 350 ever married females were selected from the Gynaecology OPD of J.N. Medical College Hospital (n=170), Urban Health Training Centre (n=100) and Rural Health Training Centre (n=80).A detailed clinical history and clinical examination were recorded on a pre-formed and pre tested proforma. All the females under study were subjected to per vaginal examination. The percentage of those female was more who used any cloth during menstruation. Out of 350 patients, 7.4% ga ve history of T.B, 24% gave history of previous episodes of PID, 12.0% gave history of MTPs/D&Cs. 5.1% had adopted IUCDs as a method of family planning.1.71% cases gave history of removal of IUCDs because of some complications. 75.0% of 80 cases (who adopted family planning) used IUCDs, OCPs and ligation. IUCDs, OCPs, ligation and irregular use of condoms probably increase chances of PID.

Abstract Abstract 4309 We investigated an apparent increase in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) referral from north Georgia to Emory University Hospital, a tertiary care center located in Atlanta, Georgia. Cases reported between 1999 and 2008 to the Georgia Comprehensive Cancer Registry (GCCR) and the national Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registry were analyzed. Age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated for all counties and public health regions within the state of Georgia and compared to national rates calculated using SEER 17 data for those ages 20 and above. Cases of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) served as control for health referral patterns, completeness of data collection and healthcare availability. The associations between geographic residence and acute leukemia were analyzed using Poisson regression analysis, and additional models were created to control for the effects of race and ethnicity. The age-adjusted incidence rate of adult ALL (0.8/100,000) and AML (4.6/100,000) for the state of Georgia were comparable to the national rates (0.9/100,000 and 5.2/100,000 respectively). Overall, the rate of ALL observed in parts of the North Georgia region (1.1 (95% CI 0.8, 1.5) were similar when compared to the rest of the state; and not affected after adjusting for race. We conclude that the higher number of cases of ALL cases referred from North Georgia is likely related to a physician-related referral pattern rather than an increased incidence. Age-adjusted incidence rate of ALL by state and public health region and rate ratios comparing the rate of ALL within each region to the pooled rates demonstrated in all other Georgia public health regions. Region of Georgia (GA) Rate SE Lower CI Upper CI Count Pop GA: Clayton (Jonesboro) 1.1 0.3 0.6 1.8 17 1,715,865 GA: DeKalb 0.8 0.1 0.5 1.1 37 5,111,685 GA: Fulton 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.8 37 6,565,834 GA: Northwest (Rome) 0.9 0.1 0.6 1.2 35 3,962,399 GA: North Georgia (Dalton) 0.9 0.2 0.6 1.4 23 2,632,276 GA: North (Gainesville) 1.1 0.2 0.8 1.5 41 3,723,276 GA: Cobb-Douglas 0.8 0.1 0.5 1.1 38 5,357,377 GA: Gwinnett 0.7 0.1 0.5 1 38 5,712,772 GA: LaGrange 0.8 0.1 0.5 1.1 37 4,818,090 GA: South Central (Dublin) 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.9 4 1,009,356 GA: North Central (Macon) 0.7 0.1 0.4 1 24 3,476,472 GA: East Central (Augusta) 0.7 0.2 0.4 1.1 20 3,017,677 GA: West Central (Columbus) 0.6 0.2 0.3 1 14 2,492,172 GA: South (Valdosta) 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.8 5 1,638,741 GA: Southwest (Albany) 0.9 0.2 0.5 1.3 22 2,500,405 GA: Coastal (Savannah) 0.8 0.2 0.6 1.2 29 3,568,163 GA: Northeast (Athens) 0.9 0.2 0.6 1.3 26 2,903,745 GA: All Georgia 0.8 0 0.7 0.8 463 62,540,286 Rates are per 100,000 and age-adjusted to the 2000 US Std Population (19 age groups - Census P25–1130) standard; Confidence intervals (Tiwari mod) are 95% for rates. Disclosures: Waller: Outsuka: Research Funding.

Abstract Introduction Geriatric assessment (GA) typically refers to a multidimensional evaluation designed to evaluate an older person's functional ability, physical health, cognition, psychological health, nutritional status, and social support. The purpose of GA is to develop time-efficient and straightforward tools to evaluate multiple patient characteristics, which may be predictive of treatment outcomes of elderly acute myeloid leukemia (eAML) patients treated with intensive chemotherapy. Given that there have been few prospective studies with conflicting results, we performed a single-center prospective observational cohort study (#KCT0002172) investigating the prognostic value of multiparameter GA domains for eAML patients' tolerance and survival outcomes after intensive chemotherapy. Patients and methods Newly diagnosed eAML patients aged over 60 years who received intensive chemotherapy (n=105) were prospectively enrolled between November 2016 and December 2019. The median age was 64 years (range, 60-75), and they were all considered fit for intensive chemotherapy, with adequate performance and organ function. All the enrolled patients were administered various questionnaires for pretreatment GA and functional evaluation, which included evaluation for social and nutritional support, cognition, depression, distress, and physical function. Results Of the 105 enrolled patients, 93% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score of 1 and received intensive chemotherapy. Among them, between 32.4% and 69.5% of patients met the criteria for impairment on each GA domain. Physical impairment measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was significantly associated with non-fatal toxicities of Grade III-IV severe infection (odds ratio (OR) 3.000, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.159-7.788, p=0.024) and acute renal failure (OR 3.891, 95% CI, 1.329-11.39, p=0.013). Cognitive dysfunction measured by the Mini-Mental Status Examination- Korean version of CERAD Assessment Packet was significantly associated with a higher risk of Grade III-IV infection (OR 2.667, 95% CI, 1.025-6.939, p=0.044) and prolonged hospitalization (OR 4.208, 95% CI, 1.485-4.229, p=0.005). Reduced physical function measured by the SPPB and depressive symptoms measured by the Korean version of Short form Geriatric Depressive Scale (SGDS-K) were predictive of worse overall survival (OS; hazard ratio (HR) 1.917, 95% CI, 1.074-3.420, p=0.027 and HR 1.902, 95% CI, 1.005-3.602, p=0.048). SPPB impairment was also significantly related to higher treatment-related mortality (TRM; HR 2.023, 95% CI, 11.057-3.874, p=0.033). Furthermore, gait or sit-and-stand speed, a component of SPPB, was the single most powerful tool to predict survival outcomes of both OS (HR 2.766, 95% CI, 1.471-5.200, p=0.002 and HR 3.615, 95% CI, 1.868-6.999, p<0.001) and TRM (HR 2.461, 95% CI, 1.233-4.913, p=0.011 and HR 3.814, 95% CI, 1.766-8.237, p<0.001). We reconfirmed the prognostic value of preexisting survival prediction models, Wheatley index scores, and web-based AML scores, contrasting to the lack of significance of Ferrara criteria. The addition of SPPB/SGDS-K or gait (or sit-and-stand) speed/SGDS-K improved the predictability of the Wheatley index and web-based AML scores with 69% and 90% relative increases in predictive power for survival, respectively. Conclusions We prospectively demonstrated the prognostic value of physical and psychological assessment by GA for survival outcomes in intensively treated eAML patients. Gait or sit-and-stand speed was the single most powerful tool to identify frailty and predict survival outcomes. The prognostic value of preexisting survival prediction models, Wheatley index scores, and AML scores was reconfirmed.. The addition of measures for physical function and depression improved the predictability of those prediction models for survival. Cognitive and physical impairment were able to identify non-fatal toxicities during intensive chemotherapy in eAML patients. Our data will facilitate the incorporation of GA measures into validated survival prediction models to determine initial treatment for eAML patients in routine clinical care and clinical trials. Further studies are warranted to determine the best ways to adjust the care provided for frail patients to improve treatment tolerance and outcomes. Disclosures Kim: Novartis: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; ILYANG: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding. Lee: Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Kim: AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AIMS Biosciense: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; AML-Hub: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astellas: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BL & H: Research Funding; BMS & Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Boryung Pharm Co.: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Handok: Consultancy, Honoraria; LG Chem: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pintherapeutics: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi Genzyme: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; SL VaxiGen: Consultancy, Honoraria; VigenCell: Consultancy, Honoraria.

Abstract Background The increasing incidence of HIV and lack of care in rural areas contributes to the ongoing epidemic. The dearth of specialized health services within remote communities and access of this population to available services poses a challenge to HIV care. Telemedicine (TM) is a potential tool to improve HIV care in these remote communities, but little is known about its effectiveness when compared to traditional (face-to-face) (F2F) care. The objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of HIV care delivered through TM, and compare to F2F care. Methods This is a retrospective chart review of all HIV positive patients who attended either the F2F clinic (Augusta, GA) or the TM clinic (Dublin, GA) between May 2017 to April 2018. Data extracted included demographics, CD4 count, HIV PCR, co-morbidities, dates of clinic attendance, HIV resistance mutations and ART changes. Viral suppression and gain in CD4 counts were compared. T-test was conducted to test differences in characteristics and outcomes between the two groups. Results 385 cases were included in the study (52.5% black, 82% females, F2F=200, TM=185). Mean CD4 count in the TM group was statistically higher (643.9 cells/mm3) than the F2F group (596.3 cells/mm3) (p< 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in mean HIV viral load (F2F= 416.8 cp/ml, TM=713.4 cp/ml, p=0.3) and rates of year-round viral control (F2F= 73% vs TM = 77% p= 0.54). 38 patients achieved viral suppression during the study period (F2F= 24, TM =14) with a mean change of -3.34 x 104 vs -1.24 x 104, respectively. The difference in mean change was not statistically significant by Snedacor’s W Statistics. This indicates there was no significant difference between the two populations in terms of mean viral suppression among patients who were otherwise not suppressed before the study period. Conclusion To achieve an HIV cure, HIV care is required to extend to rural areas of the country and the world. Through delivery of care using TM, trained specialists can target communities with little or no health care. Moreover, use of TM achieves target outcome measures comparable to F2F clinics. Increase in the use of TM will improve the access to specialty HIV care and help achieve control of HIV in rural communities. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

IntroductionRecognising prematurity is critical in order to attend to immediate needs in childbirth settings, guiding the extent of medical care provided for newborns. A new medical device has been developed to carry out the preemie-test, an innovative approach to estimate gestational age (GA), based on the photobiological properties of the newborn’s skin. First, this study will validate the preemie-test for GA estimation at birth and its accuracy to detect prematurity. Second, the study intends to associate the infant’s skin reflectance with lung maturity, as well as evaluate safety, precision and usability of a new medical device to offer a suitable product for health professionals during childbirth and in neonatal care settings.Methods and analysisResearch protocol for diagnosis, single­group, single­blinding and single­arm multicenter clinical trial with a reference standard. Alive newborns, with 24 weeks or more of pregnancy age, will be enrolled during the first 24 hours of life. Sample size is 787 subjects. The primary outcome is the difference between the GA calculated by the photobiological neonatal skin assessment methodology and the GA calculated by the comparator antenatal ultrasound or reliable last menstrual period (LMP). Immediate complications caused by pulmonary immaturity during the first 72 hours of life will be associated with skin reflectance in a nested case–control study.Ethics and disseminationEach local independent ethics review board approved the trial protocol. The authors intend to share the minimal anonymised dataset necessary to replicate study findings.Trial registration numberRBR-3f5bm5.

Abstract Improvements in pediatric care since the 1970s as a result of Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers, newborn screening, and prophylactic penicillin has led to an increase in life expectancy for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and has resulted in an increase in the number of adults with progressive end-organ damage/dysfunction. The inability of the U.S. Health Care system to adequately address the needs of this increasing patient population, along with stereotyping of SCD patients, has inevitably led to disparities in care, with an ever increasing disease burden and cost of care. Recognition of these issues has led U.S. Federal Health Care and Biomedical Research agencies (CDC, NIH, HRSA) to develop and implement programs to tackle this growing problem. Recently, NHLBI and NIMHD issued an RFA (HL-16-010) to address through implementation science the unmet health care needs of adolescents and adults (ages ≥15 years) with SCD. This program seeks to improve the health care and outcomes of this population through rigorous implementation of evidence-based guidelines. This initiative prompted us to analyze the demographic characteristics of the adult SCD population served by the GRU Sickle Cell Center, in an effort to better understand the opportunities and challenges posed by this initiative. The GRU Sickle Cell Center has been in existence since 1972, and serves ~1500 pediatric and adult SCD patients through its clinical program. Although based at the GRU campus in Augusta, GA (the second largest metropolitan area in the state with a population of >540,000), the Center has operated extensive outreach activities in rural south Georgia for the last 30 years, covering both pediatric and adult patients. The adult program holds monthly or every other month clinics in 5 sites in central, eastern, and southern Georgia. As of 2015, the Center has 580 active adult patients (>18 years). Fifty six percent are female and 44% male. Over half (54%) are followed at the Augusta clinic, and the remaining 46% in primarily rural outreach sites. The distribution of different genotypes is as follows: SS 392 (69%), SC 114 (20%), S-β+-thal 37 (6%), S-β0-thal 16 (3%) and others 11 (2%). The median age of the male patients is 31 (17-82), whereas for females is 34 (18-68). The median age for SS patients is 32 (17-65), and for SC is 34 (19-71). Overall, 62% of the population is in the 18-40 age group. Only 10% of the patients are >50. There is an age dependent increase in the proportion of female patients (70.6% > 61). Similarly, the proportion of SC patients increases to 56.3%, while SS decreases to 31.3% among subjects >61 years of age. Fifty-one percent of all patients (mostly SS) were prescribed hydroxyurea (HU). However, as reported earlier (Chand et al, ASH poster, 2014), only 59.9% had an adequate response; 26.3% were non-adherent, and 13.9% were on suboptimal doses. These data show that the adult SCD population in Georgia is young, with median age in the lower 30s. It also confirms the well-known observations that SC genotype and female gender are overrepresented in the older age groups. The opportunities to improve the health of this patient population in the next 5-10 years include: the existing outreach infrastructure, the partnership forged between the GRU Sickle Cell Center and some primary care practices (Family Medicine) and Hematology/Oncology practices in various outreach sites, and the implementation of an emergency department fast track pathway to treat vaso-occlusive crises in two of these outreach sites. The challenges, on the other hand, are persisting barriers to adequate/appropriate use of HU, partnering with community providers in the provision of appropriate pain management, implementation of evidence based transfusion practices in outlying hospitals and implementation of long-term evidence based health maintenance and primary care. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Abstract INTRODUCTION. Incidence and mortality rates for breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers all exceed national rates in Georgia and are higher among African Americans (AAs). Ensuring culturally competent and equitable health care delivery relies on creating an educated and engaged health care team. Patient stories are powerful examples of community-learned experiences and can be used to educate better providers and health care students who serve diverse populations, particularly when communicating risk and prevention of cancer. The goal of the CHANGE project is to provide a sustainable model of evidence-based cancer awareness through education - with an emphasis on prevention and early detection behaviors. We will develop a health disparities and culturally competent cancer care e-Learning curriculum for health care professionals, hematology-oncology fellows, residents, and medical students at the Medical College of Georgia. METHODS. Thirty community members and stakeholders (93% AA, 76% female, all adults) were recruited through public housing, healthcare clinics and providers, and community organizations. Vignettes describing patient access and care interactions were used in semi-structured interviews to guide conversations about experiences accessing care, attitudes towards cancer prevention, and community cancer beliefs. Interviews were recorded, professionally transcribed, and content analyzed using NVivo 12.0 by two independent raters. RESULTS. Three common themes emerged: accessibility of healthcare (transportation, finances, and difficulties in scheduling were primary barriers); cancer myths and cultural norms (no interpersonal discussion of cancer, seen as “taboo,” cancer will spread if cut into and cancer is contagious); and experience of racial bias in health care (historical racial bias and systemic racism; receipt of treatment and care perceived to be different due to race; lack of AA providers). CONCLUSION. This sample adequately represented those most at risk for cancer in Augusta, GA area. Their shared experiences will be used to design and inform an e-learning curriculum, in conjunction with education on health disparities across the state and specific to the local community. This will provide a comprehensive approach to provider education that will begin to improve patient care satisfaction and health outcomes. Citation Format: Marlo M. Vernon, Samantha Jones, Justin X. Moore, Steve S. Coughlin, Vahe Heboyan, Shakirah Clarke, Barbara Idun, Martha S. Tingen. Cancer health awareness through screening and education (CHANGE): Understanding community experience accessing cancer care [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1020.

Abstract I left New York on January 16 to organize branches in the principal cities of the South. I stopped at Baltimore and spoke at a meeting held by the branch in that city then went to Richmond. Up to the present date branches have been organized in Richmond and Norfolk, Va.; Raleigh, Durham, and Greensboro, N.C.; Atlanta, Athens, Savannah and Augusta, Ga.; Columbia and Charleston, S.C.; and Jacksonville, Fla. The response of the colored people in the South to this call shows the wisdom of the Association in taking this step to organize south of Washington. In every city that I have visited I have found the thinking men and women of our race alive to the situation and ready to take part in the work that must be done. They also realize that the condition which has been brought about by the movement of colored people from the South to the North gives the great opportunity that has come in the last forty years for a demand to be made for those things to which the Negro is rightly entitled. The branch of the Association which was formed in Atlanta has already taken action on the public school question in that city. A while ago the Board of Education cut off the eighth grade from all the colored public schools. It now proposes to cut off the seventh grade. This proposal is simultaneous with one to build a Junior High School for white children; so it looks as though the means to provide for this new High School for white children are to be secured by the further cutting down of the colored schools.