Rozprawy doktorskie: „Attachment behaviour”

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Chacko, Sarah Jane. "Surface attachment behaviour in Rhodobacter sphaeroides". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:943eb194-b147-4cb9-bbc2-a9fd04a45949.

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Motility and chemotaxis have been implicated in the process of biofilm formation in a wide range of species. Using a combination of microscopy and image analysis, genetics, microbiology and biochemistry, the initial approach of Rhodobacter sphaeroides cells to a solid surface has been characterised. Interestingly, these data suggest that for R. sphaeroides alterations in motility and swimming behaviour may result in differences in biofilm formation simply by changing the number of cells which reach the surface. This is in contrast to a few other well-studied species where the motility apparatus, the flagellum, has been shown to play an active role in surface sensing and the transition to biofilm growth. Tracking swimming cells and measuring surface attachment revealed that changes in motility affect the ability of cells to attach to a surface, with non-motile cells attaching least and mutants with frequent stops attaching less than smooth swimming cells with few stops. Tracking attaching cells and classifying their method of attachment revealed that flagellar tethering is not essential for R. sphaeroides attachment. Competition assays with fluorescently labelled strains showed that the initial imbalance between motile and non-motile cells remains as microcolonies develop over 48 hours,and the proportion of non-motile cells remains fairly constant. Development on a surface over 48 hours was similar for motile and non-motile strains, including aflagellate strains, once attached. Using parameters calculated by tracking swimming cells to calculate the effective diffusion coefficient in a simple model of cell movement suggested that motion alone could explain the differences in attachment without assuming different cell properties. In particular, aflagellate strains might be hindered from surface attachment by their reduced motility alone. This is interesting since some other bacterial species use the flagellum as a surface sensor.

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2

Turner, Patricia Jane. "Relationships in playgroups : an attachment perspective". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238219.

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Meins, Elizabeth. "The correlates and consequences of infant attachment behaviour". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260355.

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Murphy, Barbara, i barbara murphy@heartresearchcentre org. "Adult attachment syle and vulnerability to depression". Swinburne University of Technology, 2000. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060503.093321.

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This thesis explores the utility of Attachment Theory (Bowlby, 1969; 1973; 1980) as a framework for understanding both the personality and cognitive processing styles associated with depression and vulnerability to depression. In two separate but related studies, the present investigation identified depressive personality characteristics and depressive cognitive processing styles associated with each of the styles of adult attachment defined by Bartholomew and Horowitz's (1991) four-category attachment model. Using self-report data from a sample of 305 respondents (225 female; 80 male), Study 1 explored associations among each of the adult attachment styles and sociotropic and autonomous personality-based vulnerabilities to depression (Beck, 1983). Extending the work of Zuroff and Fitzpatrick (1995; Study 2), associations among the attachment styles and the specific components of the two depressive personality styles, as defined by Robins et al. (1994), were examined. Using cued recall of autobiographical memories for a subsample of 44 of the same respondents (35 female; 9 male), Study 2 explored attachment style group differences in autobiographical memory retrieval, thereby identifying specific depressive cognitive processing biases associated with each adult attachment style. Past research has focused on the assessment of memory accessibility, using either recall latency (Mikulincer & Orbach, 1995; Mikulincer, 1998a) or memory generality (Tasker, MacLeod & Maynard, 1996) to indicate accessibility. In the present study, both latency and generality were used as indicators of memory accessibility, and the content of memories was also examined. In addition, use of a four-category rather than a three-category measure of attachment style permitted distinction of cognitive biases for the fearful-avoidant and dismissive-avoidant styles. The present findings support a notion that the two adult attachment styles understood to be characterised by a negative self-view, namely fearful and preoccupied attachment, are associated with depressive vulnerability. Replicating previous findings (Carnelley, Pietromonaco & Jaffe, 1994), both the fearful and preoccupied styles were associated with state depression and with perceptions of negative parental bonding. The fearful style in particular was associated with perceptions of 'affectionless control' in childhood. As the major focus of this thesis, the fearful and preoccupied attachment styles were each associated with both personality styles and cognitive processing deficits which have previously been linked with depression and depressive vulnerability. In terms of personality styles (Study I), the fearful attachment style was broadly associated with the autonomous personality style, whereas the preoccupied attachment style was broadly associated with the sociotropic personality style, as previously demonstrated by Zuroff and Fitzpatrick (1995; Study 2). By focusing on associations with the individual components of the autonomous and sociotropic vulnerabilities, as defined by Robins et al. (1994), the more specific 'depressive' personality characteristics were identified for both these insecure attachment styles. In particular, the findings suggest that a fearful attachment style involves both avoidant and self-critical characteristics, whereas a preoccupied attachment style involves both dependent and self-critical characteristics. In terms of cognitive processing deficits (Study 2), fearful individuals had difficulty accessing autobiographical memories, indicated by delayed memory recall and reduced memory specificity across a range of memory cues. Indeed, these individuals demonstrated a globalised 'mnemonic interlock' typical of depressed individuals (Williams, 1996) and their memories were predominantly negative in content. In contrast, preoccupied individuals demonstrated a ruminative cognitive processing style, indicated by relatively fast recall of predominantly specific and negative memories across a range of memory cues. However, these individuals had difficulty accessing personally-relevant memories of abandonment, arguably due to both encoding and retrieval deficits emanating from their hypersensitivity to abandonment experiences. Dismissive attachment was associated with the avoidant but not the self-critical aspect of the autonomous personality style and involved a repressive cognitive processing style. This repressive style was indicated by delayed recall of specific negative memories. Nonetheless, unlike the fearful and preoccupied styles, dismissive attachment was not shown to be associated with state depression, suggesting that an avoidant attachment style does not necessarily contribute to depressive vulnerability. Instead, dismissive individuals' use of defensive repression of negative affects and memories appears to be an effective coping mechanism in the maintenance of a positive self-concept and a non-self-critical approach. Furthermore, in light of self-narrative models of personality (e.g., McAdams, 1993; Bruhn, 1990; 1992; 1995; Singer & Salovey, 1993), dismissive individuals' easy access to positive memories, particularly personally-relevant memories of independence, can be viewed as maintaining their positive self-concept. Overall, the findings of the present thesis support the proposition that Attachment Theory provides a framework for understanding both the personality and cognitive processing styles associated with depression. Indeed, the findings suggest that the fearful and preoccupied adult attachment styles can both be regarded as constituting vulnerability factors for depression. As expected, the fearful attachment style was highlighted as conferring greater depressive vulnerability. Thus, the findings provide further insight into the factors involved in the onset and maintenance of depression and highlight the importance of assessing adult attachment style during therapy for depression. Other clinical implications, as well as directions for future research, are outlined.

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Leas, Loraine, i mikewood@deakin edu au. "The role of attachment theory in chronic medical illness: A clinical investigation". Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2004. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051208.092522.

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Recently, researchers have begun to examine the impact of attachment on coping with a medical illness. It is hypothesised that a patient's responses to unusual or distressing physical symptoms and participation in the patient-clinician relationship can be understood by examining the nature of their attachments. Theoretical links between attachment style and affect regulation suggest that internal working models developed in childhood may have implications, not only for the quality of close relationships, such as romantic love, but also for other significant interactions. In the domain of physical illness, patient-clinician interactions represent such a significant relationship. It is proposed that the attachment behaviour of the patient to the clinician in the context of chronic medical illness may impact on medical illness behaviour and illness outcome. This clinical portfolio reviews the literature on attachment theory, health behaviour and the implications of the patient-clinician relationship in the context of a chronic medical illness. Four case studies of different types of chronic medical illness were examined in relation to attachment theory. The cases included: Jenny, a 10 year-old girl with polycystic kidney disease; Angela, a 13 year-old girl with recurrent urinary tract infections; Aarron, a 36 year-old man with Human Immunodeficiency Virus; and Andrew, a 49 year-old man with multiple medical illnesses. It was concluded that attachment theory is a useful conceptual framework for informing clinical formulation and explaining the patient-clinician interaction among individuals with a chronic medical illness.

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6

DeMulder, Elizabeth Kyle. "Behaviour with peers and perceptions of self : correlates of attachment". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245005.

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The aim of the thesis is to examine relations between pattems of attachment with mother and subsequent behaviour with peers and perceptions of self in young children. The sample consisted of 39 five year-old children (22 girls, 17 boys). Attachment classifications had been detelmined when the children were 4 1/2 years old, as part of a longitudinal study, using procedures and coding systems originally developed for infants by Ainsworth (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978) that were modified for 3-4 year-old children by Cassidy and Marvin (1988). These were based on behaviour shown in the lab to mother on reunion after a brief separation. Children were classified as: Secure, Insecure-avoidant and Insecureambivalent. When each child was five years old, behaviour with peers was assessed through direct observation on the school playground for five 15-minute periods. A continuous commentary of interactions was made into a hand-held microphone, while a radio microphone concealed on the child picked up the child's speech and speech directed toward him/her. A 15-minute video recording was also made. Tapes were transcribed using a coding system based on that used by Hinde, Easton, Meller and Tamplin (1983). Analysis revealed meaningful patterns of relations between patterns of attachment and subsequent behaviour with peers. Insecure-ambivalent children exhibited more negative behaviour toward peers and sought the attention of peers more than did Secure and Insecure-avoidant children, and they complied to controls less than did Secure children. Insecure-avoidant children tended to engage in more neutral, less involved behaviour (neither 'positive' nor 'negative') with peers (e.g., just listening as a response to peers). Secure children tended to show more playful behaviours (play aggression, play noises, playful teasing and imitating) than did Insecure-avoidant children and tended to exhibit less negative behaviour than did Insecure-ambivalent children. These results are consistent with previous evidence (Arend, Gove & Sroufe, 1979; Sroufe, 1983) characterizing Insecure-avoidant, Secure, and Insecure-ambivalent children on a dimension ranging from over-controlled to under-controlled (Block & Block, 1980). In addition, ratings of security and avoidance upon reunion with the mother in the lab predicted behaviour with peers. Security ratings were positively correlated with playing games alone on the playground and negatively correlated with listening as a response and neutral speaking. Security ratings were also correlated with peer behaviour directed toward the child. Security was positively correlated with peers speaking boastfully and making play noises to the child and negatively related to peers asking the child questions. Avoidance ratings were positively correlated with listening as a response to peers but negatively correlated with neutral activity (doing nothing). Analysis of girls and boys separately revealed further significant relations. For example, for boys, avoidance ratings were positively correlated with speaking with hostility, seeking entry into games and automanipulating, and negatively correlated with positive expressive behaviours and engaging in large muscle play. Perceptions concerning perceived competence and social acceptance, self-efficacy, perceived popularity with, and liking of, peers and interpersonal problem-solving ability were assessed through a series of four separate interview sessions with each child. Insecure-avoidant children generally reported relatively negative self-perceptions while Insecure-ambivalent children reported very positive (perhaps idealized) perceptions concerning competence, social acceptance, and peer friendships. Results showing different relations for girls and boys indicate a need to consider this potentially important variable when studying links between attachment, behaviour and perceptions. The results provide support for the predictive validity of the attachment classifications and for Bowlby's (1969/82, 1973, 1980) proposition that the child's attachment relationship with mother forms the basis for behaviour in relationships with others and relates to perceptions concerning the self and others in the absence of mother.

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Wilshaw, Joanne. "Measuring attachments between dogs and their owners". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14277.

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This thesis details the development and testing of a new scale for measuring human attachment to dogs which allows for the measurement of weaker attachment levels as well as stronger ones (the CDA scale). The correlation between dog-owner’s scores on the CDA scale and their dog’s actual attachment behaviour is assessed and discussed, as well as the dog-owners limited ability to predict the behaviour of their dog in a controlled situation (the Strange Situation Test (SST)) whereby the dogs meet a previously unknown person. The CDA scale was formed by utilising items from pre-existing scales (the Comfort from Companion Animals scale and the Lexington Attachment to Pets scale), trialed on the internet with a large self-selected sample of dog-owners and analysed and reduced using factor analysis. The CDA was completed with the addition of some negative items derived from a small sample of dog-owners who expressed drawbacks to keeping a dog. In addition 100 people living with dogs they did not consider themselves to be the primary carer of, and 100 people with dogs they considered to have behavioural problems also completed the CDA to allow for the assessment of reliability and validity, and for consideration of the possible links between human perceptions of attachment/dog behavioural problems and actual scores on the CDA. Dogs’ attachment behaviour was assessed by cluster analysis of behaviours observed in the SSD: 51 dog-owner pairs took part in the study which revealed a number of secure-base behavioural categories analogous to those typically observed in human mother-infant interactions in Ainsworth’s original (1969) SST. In addition five captive wolves were also observed in a modified version of the SST. Data from these observations is discussed in a case-wise manner and it is clear that captive wolves do not exhibit the suite of attachment behaviours (to their familiar handler) as previously observed in the dog study. However, the wolves’ familiar handler was very adept at predicting the behaviour of his wolves in this situation. These findings are important in furthering our understanding of human-canine attachments in general, but especially given the number of dog-owner pairings which appear to fail due to poor or misunderstood attachments. An effective attachment scale for people, and a valid measure and analysis of attachment behaviour in dogs is a further development in ensuring successful pairings of people with dogs in a variety of contexts such as pet dogs and service dogs.

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Heath, Fiona. "Attachment style as a predictor of maternal report of child behaviour /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19065.pdf.

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Voss, Kirsten. "Understanding adolescent antisocial behaviour from attachment theory and coercion theory perspectives". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ54386.pdf.

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Kislioglu, Resit. "Collective Action And Group Attachment: Interplay Of Free-riding Behaviour And Patriotism". Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612368/index.pdf.

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Conflict between self-interest and group-interest constitute a challenge for the individuals and the groups. The conflict should be resolved for a healthy maintenance of collective action
otherwise the free-rider problem is a likely result. This thesis is about the individual motivation loss -psychological aspect of free-rider problem- and its relation to group attachment &ndash
patriotism-. Free-riding is proposed to be related to patriotism
and guilt, shame and pride emotions. Experimental manipulations include an announcement and confederate condition. Patriotism is analysed within the framework of constructive and blind patriotism. An experiment &ndash
public goods game- measuring free-riding behaviour was conducted for the study. A total of 192 participants took a part in the experiment (98 females and 85 males). Free-riding was found to be negatively related to constructive patriotism
but no significant relation to blind patriotism was found. A look at the concept and development of &ldquo
individual&rdquo
and social capital theory is provided in order to help conceptualise the problem. Results and possible implications of the empirical findings are discussed. Implications are also discussed in a politically and culturally relevant way to Turkey.

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Bondy, Eloise Monnerat. "Attachment style, attitudes, and sexual behaviour among heterosexual young adult university students". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20819.pdf.

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Bellone, Franck. "New models for the prediction of attachment-lines behaviour at hypersonic speeds". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3385.

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This investigation concentrates on the attachment-line flow behaviour under wind tun- nel and flight conditions. A turbulence model for incompressible, equilibrium flow'was developed for low Reynolds number down to and including relaminarisation. This was then extended to compressible flow using CFD to analyse experiments in which the heat transfer was measured. The extension is based upon the introduction of two Reynolds numbers to correlate turbulence in the inner and outer regions of the viscous layer. This requires the addition of just one constant, which is determined from the experimental heat transfer data. The turbulence model was then used to calibrate an approximate heating prediction method based upon the reference temperature concept. This method was then used to determine the minimum conditions for sustainable turbulent attachment-line flow in presence of large sources of disturbance, such as trip wires. It has been shown that existing criteria for the minimum conditions provide excessively optimistic predictions. Therefore new, more accurate criteria were proposed.

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Chandrasen, Abhirarm. "Sojourner consumer behaviour : the influence of nostalgia, ethnocentrism, cosmopolitanism and place attachment". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/80289/.

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In today’s interconnected world, increasing numbers of consumers are becoming involved in an internationally mobile lifestyle. During this transitional event, these international consumers become temporary residents in a foreign host country. Transient consumers are formally known as sojourners. Despite the recognition that sojourners’ international mobility is contributing to the development of multicultural marketplaces worldwide, there is a paucity of empirical evidence on their consumer behaviour. As opposed to other border crossers, sojourners do not travel with the intention of settling down in the host country. Thus, their psychological profile differs from that of permanent movers and, consequently, there is a need for a separate study of sojourners as consumers. To this end, this thesis builds on the notions of home and host countries from the consumer acculturation theory. Specifically, the influence of psychological values relating to sojourners’ home and host country on their consumer behaviour is examined in two investigations. Using structural equation modelling and related statistical methods, the findings from the two investigations add to the development of the knowledge on this consumer group. The home country investigation shows that nostalgia and ethnocentrism are two influential drivers of sojourners’ buying intention towards products from home. Importantly, it is also found that the length of stay in the host country and the product category determine the extent to which the two values shape sojourner consumer behaviour. The host country investigation reveals that sojourners’ level of place attachment to a host country is a useful predictor of sojourners’ origin recognition accuracy of the host country’s brands. This is an important finding, as brand origin recognition accuracy has been found to influence attitudes and intentions. The two investigations contribute to the consumer acculturation theory by uncovering the influence of the country-specific psychological values that drive consumer behaviour. The findings on the influences of values and demographic characteristics provide practical means for marketers to target sojourners as customers.

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Ines, Branco-Illodo. "Dyadic gift-giving behaviour : dimensions, relationships and motivations from an attachment perspective". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38629/.

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Dyadic gift giving is often described as a mechanism to manage important but insecure relationships (Caplow, 1982). Considering that most gift giving behaviour happens within interpersonal relationships (Ruth, 1996), and that the economic significance of the gift market in the UK represents £40 billion in 2012 (Mintel, 2013), it is important to understand how relationships operate as antecedents of gift giving behaviour. In this thesis, we aim to provide a broad understanding of dyadic gift-giving behaviour from the perspective of the giver, specifically bringing clarity to the complexity of dyadic gift giving dimensions, elucidating the giver’s list of gift receivers and understanding how givers operate as antecedents of gift giving motivations. To enhance this understanding, we use insights from the normative dimension of Attachment Theory, following the idea of attachment as a human tendency to be close to significant others to obtain protection and emotional security (Bowlby, 1969). By centring their analysis on the giver-receiver dyad, researchers are ignoring some basic components defining dyadic gift giving, such as the focus of the givers’ attention and individuals who connect the relationship between the giver and the receiver. Furthermore, the inherent assumption that, givers give solely to maintain their relationship with the receiver and the traditional research focus on the nature of relationships has restricted the study of gift giving to the consideration of a static giver-receiver dyad. This approach neglects the links between each of the members of the dyad and their respective networks. This limitation is extended to the study of gift giving motivations, where the main research interest is on uncovering alternative motivations to give and proposing new classifications for giving motives, thus neglecting how relationships operate as antecedents of gift giving motivations and overlooking why multiple motivations occur within the same gift experience. To address the abovementioned limitations, the present study adopts an interpretivist approach as an appropriate perspective to look at gift giving and obtain an in-depth understanding of givers’ gift experiences. This is in line with most empirical research in gift giving, which has adopted an interpretivist standpoint and qualitative research methods (Davies, 2010). The research design involves a qualitative methodology that encompasses 28 online diaries and 27 follow-up interviews, producing over 700 pages of text in total. Data collection was conducted sequentially in two rounds at two different times of the year in order to capture a variety of gift giving occasions, relationships and behaviours. These methods were used in a complementary way to provide a broader picture of dyadic gift-giving behaviour. The content analysis adopted an interpretivist approach consistent with Holbrook and O’Shaughnessy (1988). At a theoretical level, Attachment Theory illuminates dyadic gift giving by answering the questions of the main dimensions explaining dyadic gift giving, how givers relate to gift receivers and how relationships operate as antecedents of gift giving motivations. The findings indicate the existence of different dyadic gift giving dimensions including direct, inter-linked and indirect dyadic gift giving forms. These forms involve gift-giving intermediaries and the relationship goals underpinned by Attachment Theory. The differentiation of these three forms of giving shows that dyadic gift giving is more complex than the traditional view, which only considered the giver-receiver dyad (e.g., Weinberger and Wallendorf, 2012). The data also revealed that givers differentiated the ways in which they relate to gift receivers in attachment terms. As a result, givers distinguished direct receivers who were providers or seekers of support in the eyes of the giver, mediated receivers who were extensions of important individuals for the giver to access the support of a significant person, and surrogate receivers who replaced unavailable but important others. This approach also indicates different levels of permanence of the receiver within the givers’ gift list, which endows the givers’ gift list with dynamism by identifying permanent, transient and sporadic gift receivers. Finally, the data revealed that givers’ pursuit of distinct relationship goals with different gift receivers attends to attachment as an ultimate motivation to give. At the same time, motivational triggers, drivers and roles are proximate motives that serve specific purposes and complement each other in order to help givers to achieve their relationship goals. The integration of ultimate and proximate connects Social Exchange Theory and Evolutionary Psychology, and it explains the occurrence of multiple gift giving motivations within the same gift-giving event. Therefore, this thesis advances marketing knowledge by the differentiation of novel insights (i.e., new dyadic gift giving dimensions; different types of gift receivers) and by the integration of previously differentiated phenomena (i.e., gift motivations) (MacInnis, 2011). From a practitioner’s perspective, the understanding of givers’ characterisation of gift receivers facilitates the implementation of marketing strategies that portray the benefits that individuals look for in a relationship. While the unravelling of multiple motivations allows the design of marketing appeals using gift motivations singularly or in combination to each other within the same event, the consideration of gift-giving intermediaries further develops the customer-decision-making process of selecting a gift.

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McPherson, Justine Amanda. "Aetiology, characterisation, and prediction of separation induced behaviour in the domestic dog". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264847.

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Alves, Joseneide Lira. "Exploration in the strange situation : an alternative measure of attachment security". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318187.

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Kurdie, Naima, i jessica förster. "Fenomenet anknytning i förskolan". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45693.

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Abstract In this essay we investigate how attachment between the children and the educators is experienced in preschool. We look at attachment in as a phenomena and use a phenomenological theoretical perspective. Our own experience of many years of working in preschools in Sweden is that there seems to be an unequal perception on the importance of attachment. The purpose of our study is to investigate the picture of how the interviewed educators say that they experience attachment, as a phenomena, in preschool. 15 educators in preschool were interviewed with a qualitative method and analysed with a content analysis. The result shows that all the interviewed educators see attachment as something important. They seem to equate the phenomena with security. They experience attachment differently depending on their own earlier experiences, views on children and their understanding and knowledge. We can see that there is a gap of knowledge, among educators, when it comes to how to understand the children's attachment behaviour which can be a great loss for the children who don't have a safe attachment pattern.

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Zaniewski, Bartosz. "An exploration of attachment strategies among young people who engage in harmful sexual behaviour". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/6559.

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Background: It is estimated that adolescent offenders account for 65% of contact child sexual abuse. A range of explanatory theories and models of intervention have been proposed. These are mainly based on cognitive theories with Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and psycho-education remaining as the dominant models of treatment intervention. This research explored the issue of harmful sexual behaviour from the psychosocial perspective, drawing on attachment theory and social constructionism. Aim: The research explored attachment strategies among young people with harmful sexual behaviour. It examined young people’s understanding and explanations regarding their sexually abusive behaviour. This included an exploration of how the participants’ accounts and defensive strategies were shaped by wider family and cultural discourses regarding masculinity and sexual activity. In selected cases, the family intergenerational patterns of attachment and emotional regulation were analysed. Furthermore, the research explored the prevalence of harmful sexual behaviour in the study area. This included an exploration of statutory responses and services which were offered to people who engaged in harmful sexual behaviour. Methods: The research employed three interconnected research methods: a) a quantitative audit data of fifty cases which had been reported to the Children’s Services; b) qualitative and descriptive quantitative exploration of eight Transition to Adulthood Attachment Interviews and semi-structured interviews; c) qualitative exploration of the family context and trans-generational patterns of defensive strategies by conducting an Adult Attachment Interview in three cases. The analysis of the attachment and open-ended interviews utilised a combination of the structured ‘discourse analysis’ developed for the Adult Attachment Interview and Critical Discourse Analysis. Findings: The research found that there was no clear and consistent pathway of social care for young people who engaged in harmful sexual behaviour. The analysis of psychological defensive processes found that all of the participants presented with complex insecure attachment strategies alongside intrusions of unresolved traumas or losses. The exploration of intergenerational patterns of attachment strategies identified that all parents showed complex avoidant attachment strategies with intrusion of unresolved trauma and loss. The qualitative study identified a range of discourse themes and strategies in the accounts the young people offered in order to explain their actions and to maintain their sense of self. The dominant discourse themes shared by the young people were: a) life is hard and violence is normal; b) a sense of powerlessness; c) sexual entitlement, d) bravado and denial of vulnerability. Conclusion: Complex insecure attachment strategies with intrusion of trauma and loss play a significant role in the development of harmful sexual behaviour. In addition, the study suggests that the complex relationship between care, comfort and sexual behaviour should be a central focus of clinical interventions with this group of young people and should be investigated further in future research studies.

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Pearce, Zoe J., i n/a. "Attributions as a Mediator Between Attachment Style and Couple Relationship Outcomes". Griffith University. School of Psychology, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060301.154359.

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In this thesis I argue that negative attributions mediate between attachment insecurity and relationship outcomes. Using a sample of 59 couples the well-documented association between attachment insecurity and relationship satisfaction was replicated. I then tested whether this association was mediated by attributions for hypothetical behaviour for a real partner and a hypothetical potential partner. Attributions for real partner behaviour did mediate between insecure attachment and relationship satisfaction, but not attributions for a potential partner. It was further hypothesised that an association would exist between couple communication and attachment insecurity, which would be mediated by negative attributions. Couples completed two ten-minute problem-solving discussions and participated in a video-mediated recall process, providing a measure of attributions for real events with their current partner. Results supported the hypotheses for self-reported, but not observed, communication. It was concluded that the association between attachment and attributions does not represent a consistent cognitive processing bias, but rather a relationship-specific phenomena. Future research directions were proposed to investigate mediation from a long-term perspective and the therapeutic implications of these findings were discussed.

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Pearce, Zoe J. "Attributions as a Mediator Between Attachment Style and Couple Relationship Outcomes". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366540.

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In this thesis I argue that negative attributions mediate between attachment insecurity and relationship outcomes. Using a sample of 59 couples the well-documented association between attachment insecurity and relationship satisfaction was replicated. I then tested whether this association was mediated by attributions for hypothetical behaviour for a real partner and a hypothetical potential partner. Attributions for real partner behaviour did mediate between insecure attachment and relationship satisfaction, but not attributions for a potential partner. It was further hypothesised that an association would exist between couple communication and attachment insecurity, which would be mediated by negative attributions. Couples completed two ten-minute problem-solving discussions and participated in a video-mediated recall process, providing a measure of attributions for real events with their current partner. Results supported the hypotheses for self-reported, but not observed, communication. It was concluded that the association between attachment and attributions does not represent a consistent cognitive processing bias, but rather a relationship-specific phenomena. Future research directions were proposed to investigate mediation from a long-term perspective and the therapeutic implications of these findings were discussed.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Psychology
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21

Aleem, Sadia. "Bereavement in childhood and the role of attachment". Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/622704.

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The purpose of this research was to utilise attachment theory in understanding the experience of bereavement in childhood. Research objectives were addressed by using a mixed method design. Study One explored how experience of bereavement in childhood relates to current attachment style in adulthood. This was a qualitative interview-based study utilising thematic analysis and a quantitative assessment of attachment styles. Twenty-four participants were employed. The established Experience in Close Relationships (ECR) questionnaire was used. The results through the thematic analysis indicated that people with different attachment styles provide different narratives about their childhood bereavement. This study provides evidence that this was so. Study Two was a co-relational study employing 121 participants who experienced loss of caregiver in childhood. Four established questionnaires were used: Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG; Prigerson et al., 1995), Experience in Close Relationships Questionnaire-Revised (ECR; Fraley, Waller, & Brennan, 2000), Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory (SASI; Silove, Manicavasagar, O’Connell, Blaszczynski, Wagner, & Henry, 1993) and Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI; Parker, Tupling, & Brown, 1979). The results showed that complicated grief was related to parental care and overprotection, separation anxiety, and adult attachment style. Anxious attachment style fully mediated the effects of parental bonding on complicated grief. Study Three was a quantitative co-relational study to compare two groups of parents (with and without a bereaved child) on child behavioural differences and links between child behavioural problems and parental characteristics. Two hundred and forty participants were employed: 139 parents of children with bereavement experience and 101 without bereavement experience. Five established questionnaires were used: Child Stress Questionnaire (CSQ), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), The Parenting Scale (PS), Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), and Experience in Close Relationships Questionnaire-Revised (ECR-R). The results showed that child problems were closely associated to parental qualities. It is proposed that this research can make a contribution towards utilising attachment theory in understanding the experience of bereavement in children.

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Tupper, Rachel. "The Impact of Military Status on Maternal and Child Outcomes In a Canadian Sample of Young Children". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32428.

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In the last decade, global instability has led to higher demands placed on military members and their families, especially in the area of deployment. Longer and more frequent deployments have had significant psychological consequences on soldiers who have been deployed. Deployment has also been shown to negatively impact child adjustment; however, the research in this area is limited, particularly within a Canadian military context. The purpose for the two current studies was to examine specific areas of child adjustment affected by military status, particularly deployment, and to explore potential pathways through which this impact occurs. Study 1 included an examination of the effect of military status on maternal depressive symptoms, parental stress, and marital satisfaction, as well as on the quality of the child's attachment to the parent at home. Further analyses were conducted to determine if maternal well-being mediated the effect of military status on attachment, and if there was a moderating role of social support on these associations. In Study 2, the unique role of military status in predicting reported behaviour problems over and above what was accounted for by child attachment and parental stress was explored. Findings from these studies revealed an association between deployment and higher levels of insecure attachment; and although deployment modestly predicted maternal depressive symptoms, there was no mediating effect found for maternal well-being. Furthermore, while insecure attachment and higher levels of parental stress were associated with elevated behaviour problems, deployment uniquely predicted conduct problems, internalizing problems, and total behaviour problems. Findings from the current studies add a valuable contribution to the limited available literature on how deployment affects young children in military families. Moreover these findings provide a basis in which to direct further research, and to also guide the development and implementation of interventions to support at-risk children in military families.

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Lubbe, Zoe Odette Eloise. "Training on attachment as part of antenatal programmes : the perceptions of antenatal programme presenters". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60379.

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Attachment refers to a strong emotional bond with special people in a person?s life, in whose presence the person experiences pleasure, joy and comfort in times of stress. The first attachment in life is commonly formed between an infant and primary caregiver, which is usually the mother. The caregiving provided by the mother or caregiver will determine whether a secure or insecure attachment pattern is formed. Attachment theory indicates that this first attachment forms the basis for a cognitive representation, the so-called internal working model, which becomes part of the person?s personality and forms the foundation of the person?s perception of the self and the world as well as of all future interpersonal relationships. As infancy is a sensitive period for the development of attachment, the prenatal period could be an appropriate time to educate expecting mothers about the importance of secure attachment and their role in the development thereof. The researcher therefore wished to explore whether antenatal programmes could be used as a platform for teaching expecting mothers about attachment. As a starting point, the goal of this study was to explore the perceptions of antenatal programme presenters on including training on attachment into antenatal programmes. The study was based on a qualitative research approach, and applied research as the type of research. A collective case study research design was adopted and data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews that were conducted with a sample of ten presenters of antenatal programmes in the Tshwane district. The participants were selected by means of purposive sampling. Data was analysed according to methods for qualitative data analysis, and relevant ethical considerations were followed during the study. The research findings indicate that the participants were aware of the importance and benefits of secure attachment and that they had a positive attitude towards the inclusion of training on attachment into antenatal programmes. They were eager to receive training on attachment and to adapt their programmes to include training on attachment. The researcher concludes that it would be feasible and beneficial to include training on attachment into antenatal programmes, and to train antenatal programme presenters for this purpose. The provision of training on attachment to nurses and raising awareness of attachment in the private and public health care sectors could facilitate greater knowledge of attachment for expecting mothers. Further research in diverse settings, such as in private and public clinics and hospitals in different geographical areas, is recommended.
Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Social Work and Criminology
MA
Unrestricted

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Tuckey, Michelle. "The influence of adult attachment strategies on parenting and behaviour difficulties in middle childhood". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31343.

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The aim of this research was to identify possible risk factors for internalising and externalising behaviour problems in middle childhood using an attachment theory framework. The mother-child relationship was explored from the mother's perspective and considered the possible influence of parenting attitudes and behaviours and mother's experience of romantic attachment relationships on her child's adjustment. The findings indicated that mothers in the clinical group differed significantly from mothers in the control group in reports of their adult attachment strategies, parenting behaviours and attitudes and their child's behaviour. In the clinical group mothers' high avoidance in romantic relationships was predictive of high reports of their child's externalising behaviours. Parenting behaviours and attitudes did not appear to influence this relationship. In the control group a different pattern of relationships were identified as significant. Mothers' parenting behaviours and attitudes were shown to be predictive of their child's behaviour. In addition low levels of mothers' attachment anxiety were predictive of low reports of behaviour problems in the control group. It was concluded that the current study found some evidence that adult romantic attachment was able to predict parenting attitudes, behaviours and childhood adjustment with reference to internalising and externalising behaviours in middle childhood. The study supports the possibility that conceptually analogous relationships exist between parent-child and romantic relationships. Different significant relationships existed in the clinical and control group. Further examination of these differences when researching potential risk/protective factors for maladjustment in childhood is essential.

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Fulton, Lynsey. "Attachment in intellectual disabilities : a systematic review of parental reaction to diagnosis in the early years and a study into the contribution of attachment to challenging behaviour". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/attachment-in-intellectual-disabilities-a-systematic-review-of-parental-reaction-to-diagnosis-in-the-early-years-and-a-study-into-the-contribution-of-attachment-to-challenging-behaviour(64e72e9f-d2aa-4377-80f3-f09b360f5d88).html.

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This thesis explored attachment in individuals with intellectual disability (ID). It investigated the role attachment may have in presenting difficulties such as challenging behaviour, which is an area much researched within other populations. It also considered parental well-being in the early years following diagnosis and the implications this may have for attachment development. Paper 1 describes a systematic review of the literature on parental response and adaptation to a child’ diagnosis of an ID in the early years. The news of a child’s diagnosis can be met with a range of intense emotions however, existing research reports conflicting outcomes regarding the nature of parental reactions and the psychological impact that may result. 12 studies were reviewed with one study demonstrating a strong methodology. The review found that the comparison groups used within studies had an important bearing on how effectual parental response and adaptation appeared. Due to the limited literature available and the methodological variation within the reviewed studies, no clear conclusions could be drawn. Paper 2 describes an empirical study which investigated the contribution of attachment behaviour to engagement in challenging behaviour, whilst considering other variables, in adults with ID. 22 service staff completed assessment questionnaires which examined service user attachment behaviour, level of adaptive ability, challenging behaviour and other variables. The relationships between particular variables were analysed. Results showed that level of adaptive ability was significantly related to attachment behaviour and challenging behaviour. Attachment behaviour was also significantly related to challenging behaviour, particularly social withdrawal and lethargy. However, when adaptive behaviour was controlled for the significance of these relationships disappeared. Therefore attachment behaviour did appear to contribute to challenging behaviour but less significantly than level of adaptive ability. The nature of the interaction between these three key variables is unclear and requires further research. Findings support the implementation of effective attachment based interventions alongside evidence based behavioural strategies. This would be particularly important for those at high risk of attachment and behavioural difficulties, which current and previous findings suggest may be those with ASD and those with lower levels of ability. Paper 3 describes the strengths and limitations of the systematic review and empirical paper. The research process, findings and clinical implications from each of the previous papers are discussed and reflected upon.

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Forsyth, Lise Wilma. "'Above everything else, he was a wee boy who wanted to be claimed' : a grounded theory based exploration of Scottish female foster carers' experience of difficult to manage behaviour in light of their attachment characteristics". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31003.

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Background: The role of foster carer is a complex and emotionally demanding one. This is particularly true in the presence of difficult behaviour which can, at times, leave the foster carer feeling overwhelmed and increases the risk of placement breaking down. It is therefore important to find ways to support foster carers. The present study sought to explore the lived experience of foster carers caring for children who presented with difficult to manage behaviour, with consideration given to their attachment characteristics. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to generate a grounded theory of foster carers’ experience of caring for a child who presents with difficult to manage behaviour, in order to inform supports. Method: The study adopted a qualitatively driven mixed methods design (QUAL+quan). Grounded theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) was used as the primary component. Eight female foster carers, with either past or present experience of caring for a child who they felt presented them with difficult to manage behaviour, were interviewed. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Adult attachment data was gathered to elaborate and enhance the interpretation of the foster carers’ narratives. Foster carer’s attachment characteristics were measured using The Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ: Griffin & Bartholomew, 1994), and the presence of behavioural difficulties were confirmed using the Assessment Checklist for Children (ACC: Tarren-Sweeney, 2007). Results: A core category emerged from the grounded theory analysis (‘Making Sense’) in addition to five main categories (‘Personal Impact’, ‘What Helps’, ‘What Makes it Difficult’, ‘Responding’ and ‘The Relationship’). The overarching theme to emerge from the research was the influence foster carer’s level of reflection and understanding of the behaviour (their mentalizing capacity) had on their experience of the child’s difficult behaviour, which appeared to relate to their attachment characteristics in addition to a number of internal and external factors. Consideration is given to the psychological process that emerged from the categories generated from the foster carers’ narratives, and the consequent proposed ground theory. Conclusions: The findings confirm the complexity of the foster caring role, and suggest the positive impact foster carer’s reflective stance can have on their experience of difficult behaviour in the child they care for. Research strengths and limitations are discussed, in addition to clinical practice and research implications.

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Mothapo, Mpho Rosemary. "Attachment and identity development amongst early and middle adolescents". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/655.

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Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2010
There is a considerable literature linking aspects of personality, attachment,and identity development. Five hundred and thirty one boarding school learners participated in a study of the relationship between identity, assessed with the Ochse’ Erikson scale (Ochse, 1983; Ochse & Plug, 1986), EPIES (Rosenthal et al., 1981), PIES (Markstrom et al., 1997), and Tan’s Eriksonian Ego Identity (Tan et al., 1977); domicile (rural or urban), and attachment assessed with The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment Revised (IPPA-R; Gullone, & Robinson, 2005). No relationship was found between domicile, and the development of attachment and identity. Results of the current study revealed no significant relationship between attachment, identity development and home background of individuals. Keyword: Attachment; Identity formation; Internal working models; Exploration; Commitment.

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Geddes, Heather. "Attachment and learning : an investigation into links between maternal attachment experience, reported life events, behaviour causing concern at referral and difficulties in the learning situation". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484168.

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Scott, Suzanne, i n/a. "Attachment Style and Chronic Pain Syndrome: The Importance of Psychological and Social Variables in the Biopsychosocial Model of Chronic Pain". Griffith University. School of Psychology, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070326.114910.

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The current research examined the proposition that individuals who were securely attached had a fundamentally different reaction and experience of chronic pain to the experience of individuals with an insecure attachment style. A biopsychosocial model of chronic pain was created that included the variables of attachment style, pain, depression, anxiety, somatisation, quality of life, function, disability, neuroticism, age and gender. Three cross-sectional quantitative studies and one qualitative study were conducted. Participants were (a) patients from a multidisciplinary pain centre in a major public hospital, and (b) members of the general population with chronic pain who were recruited from both urban and rural settings, across various community support groups. The total sample was 470. Instruments for the quantitative studies included the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read, 1990), the McGill Pain Questionnaire (Melzack, 1975), the Pain Patient Profile (Tollinson & Langley, 1992), the Quality of Life Inventory (Frisch, 1994), the International Association for the Study of Pain Assessment Protocol (International Association for the Study of Pain, 1986), the Migraine Disability Scale (Stewart, Lipton, Kolodner, Liebermann, & Sawyer, 1999), and the short form of the Eysenck Neuroticism Scale (Eysenck, Eysenck, & Barret, 1985). The clinical and non-clinical participants with a diagnosis of chronic pain syndrome were partitioned as securely or insecurely attached. In the clinical sample, the proportion of securely attached individuals was less than one quarter of the group, while in the non-clinical sample the proportion of individuals in the securely attached group was 50%. For Study 1, (200 individuals from the clinical sample), the groups were partitioned using the classification criteria of Collins and Read (1990). Securely attached participants = 27%, insecurely attached 73%. An analysis of effect of attachment style on overall pain showed that the Securely Attached group reported less overall pain than the Insecurely Attached group. For Study 2, (using the total clinical sample), the sample comprised 27.3% securely attached and 72.7% insecurely attached participants. The Securely Attached group reported less overall Pain, less Negative Affect and Somatisation than the Insecurely Attached group, and higher levels of Quality of Life. Somatisation provided a significant unique contribution of variance to predicting overall Pain, providing some support for the biopsychosocial model, and Negative Affect (Depression and Anxiety combined) made a significant unique contribution to Quality of Life, explaining 26% of the variance. Gender was unrelated to any variable. For Study 3, the sample consisted of rural and urban participants, and the rural group was significantly older than the urban group. No other differences were found. The groups were combined to form the non-clinical group. The group was evenly divided (50%) between securely and insecurely attached groups. Gender was unrelated to any variable. For the non-clinical group, using the variables investigated in Study 2, there was no difference on overall pain scores, but negative affect and somatisation were higher and quality of life lower in the insecure group than in the secure group. No differences were found on Pain Intensity but Pain Pattern differed between the groups. Three new variables were added to the model - Neuroticism, Function and Disability. Disability and Function were significantly different between the attachment style groups. Age was significantly related to lower pain scores, less loss of function, less disability and higher quality of life. Pain scores were most related to somatisation, with age and quality of life contributing significant variance. Neuroticism added further to this explanation. Negative Affect made the most contribution to the variance explained in quality of life, and neuroticism and function made no significant contribution. Neuroticism and Attachment Style contributed significant amounts of variance to Function. To compare the Secure and Insecure Attachment groups in the Clinical and Non-clinical samples, a matched groups study, N = 190, was conducted. Clinical and non-clinical participants were matched for Age, Gender and Attachment Style. No differences were reported on overall pain between the attachment groups, but differences existed on negative affect, somatisation and quality of life. For sample type, the clinical group reported higher overall pain scores, less negative affect and less somatisation, but no differences were found on quality of life, compared to the non-clinical group. Study 4 was a qualitative study that used structured interviews of 24 clinical and non-clinical participants matched for age, gender, attachment style and etiology. The securely attached group reported having extensive, positive social support, high community involvement and appropriate reliance on medical and allied health care and medications. The insecurely attached group reported more problems with physical pain and psychological distress, less social support, less function and more perceived disability. The insecurely attached group reported more use of medical, allied and alternative health resources. Older securely attached individuals reported the lowest overall pain scores and the highest quality of life. These results support the hypotheses that a secure attachment style contributes to more positive outcomes for individuals with chronic pain syndrome and were consistent with a model of chronic pain that includes biological, psychological and social variables.

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Scott, Suzanne. "Attachment Style and Chronic Pain Syndrome: The Importance of Psychological and Social Variables in the Biopsychosocial Model of Chronic Pain". Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365870.

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The current research examined the proposition that individuals who were securely attached had a fundamentally different reaction and experience of chronic pain to the experience of individuals with an insecure attachment style. A biopsychosocial model of chronic pain was created that included the variables of attachment style, pain, depression, anxiety, somatisation, quality of life, function, disability, neuroticism, age and gender. Three cross-sectional quantitative studies and one qualitative study were conducted. Participants were (a) patients from a multidisciplinary pain centre in a major public hospital, and (b) members of the general population with chronic pain who were recruited from both urban and rural settings, across various community support groups. The total sample was 470. Instruments for the quantitative studies included the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read, 1990), the McGill Pain Questionnaire (Melzack, 1975), the Pain Patient Profile (Tollinson & Langley, 1992), the Quality of Life Inventory (Frisch, 1994), the International Association for the Study of Pain Assessment Protocol (International Association for the Study of Pain, 1986), the Migraine Disability Scale (Stewart, Lipton, Kolodner, Liebermann, & Sawyer, 1999), and the short form of the Eysenck Neuroticism Scale (Eysenck, Eysenck, & Barret, 1985). The clinical and non-clinical participants with a diagnosis of chronic pain syndrome were partitioned as securely or insecurely attached. In the clinical sample, the proportion of securely attached individuals was less than one quarter of the group, while in the non-clinical sample the proportion of individuals in the securely attached group was 50%. For Study 1, (200 individuals from the clinical sample), the groups were partitioned using the classification criteria of Collins and Read (1990). Securely attached participants = 27%, insecurely attached 73%. An analysis of effect of attachment style on overall pain showed that the Securely Attached group reported less overall pain than the Insecurely Attached group. For Study 2, (using the total clinical sample), the sample comprised 27.3% securely attached and 72.7% insecurely attached participants. The Securely Attached group reported less overall Pain, less Negative Affect and Somatisation than the Insecurely Attached group, and higher levels of Quality of Life. Somatisation provided a significant unique contribution of variance to predicting overall Pain, providing some support for the biopsychosocial model, and Negative Affect (Depression and Anxiety combined) made a significant unique contribution to Quality of Life, explaining 26% of the variance. Gender was unrelated to any variable. For Study 3, the sample consisted of rural and urban participants, and the rural group was significantly older than the urban group. No other differences were found. The groups were combined to form the non-clinical group. The group was evenly divided (50%) between securely and insecurely attached groups. Gender was unrelated to any variable. For the non-clinical group, using the variables investigated in Study 2, there was no difference on overall pain scores, but negative affect and somatisation were higher and quality of life lower in the insecure group than in the secure group. No differences were found on Pain Intensity but Pain Pattern differed between the groups. Three new variables were added to the model - Neuroticism, Function and Disability. Disability and Function were significantly different between the attachment style groups. Age was significantly related to lower pain scores, less loss of function, less disability and higher quality of life. Pain scores were most related to somatisation, with age and quality of life contributing significant variance. Neuroticism added further to this explanation. Negative Affect made the most contribution to the variance explained in quality of life, and neuroticism and function made no significant contribution. Neuroticism and Attachment Style contributed significant amounts of variance to Function. To compare the Secure and Insecure Attachment groups in the Clinical and Non-clinical samples, a matched groups study, N = 190, was conducted. Clinical and non-clinical participants were matched for Age, Gender and Attachment Style. No differences were reported on overall pain between the attachment groups, but differences existed on negative affect, somatisation and quality of life. For sample type, the clinical group reported higher overall pain scores, less negative affect and less somatisation, but no differences were found on quality of life, compared to the non-clinical group. Study 4 was a qualitative study that used structured interviews of 24 clinical and non-clinical participants matched for age, gender, attachment style and etiology. The securely attached group reported having extensive, positive social support, high community involvement and appropriate reliance on medical and allied health care and medications. The insecurely attached group reported more problems with physical pain and psychological distress, less social support, less function and more perceived disability. The insecurely attached group reported more use of medical, allied and alternative health resources. Older securely attached individuals reported the lowest overall pain scores and the highest quality of life. These results support the hypotheses that a secure attachment style contributes to more positive outcomes for individuals with chronic pain syndrome and were consistent with a model of chronic pain that includes biological, psychological and social variables.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Psychology
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Goldstein, Caroline. "Insecure attachment and psychopathology in children and adolescents : a meta-analysis". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/9225.

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Since Bowlby (1958, cited in Bowlby, 1969) originally introduced the theory of attachment it has been written about extensively and a vast amount of research has contributed to the development of the theory. In more recent years research has focused on the possible link between attachment and psychopathology. The major aim of the present meta-analysis was to contribute to this research effort by establishing the magnitude of the effect size for the relationship between attachment security and internalizing psychopathology; and attachment security and externalizing psychopathology, in children and adolescents. Four separate meta-analyses were conducted investigating internalizing and externalizing problems in cross-sectional and prospective studies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies for inclusion in the analysis. Identified studies were assessed for eligibility according to stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 23 studies contributing 45 effect size correlations, involving 3793 different participants were considered eligible for inclusion. Relevant information was extracted and coded from the studies before the analyses were conducted. For cross-sectional studies the mean effect size correlation for attachment security and internalizing psychopathology was r = -0.24 (k = 14; p <0.01; 95% CI = -0.31, -0.17). For attachment security and externalizing psychopathology the mean effect size was r = -0.28 (k = 16; p <0.01; 95% CI = -0.34, -0.21). In terms of prospective studies the mean effect size correlation for attachment security and internalizing psychopathology was r = -0.17 (k = 8; p = 0.01; 95% CI = -0.28, -0.04); and for externalizing psychopathology it was r = -0.09 (k = 7; p = 0.02; 95% CI = -0.16, -0.01). When attachment security and psychopathology were measured concurrently, there was evidence of a negative association for both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Although the magnitude of effect was smaller for prospective studies evidence was also found for the predictive validity of a lower level of attachment security in the development of both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Theoretical explanations for these findings are presented and the research and clinical implications are discussed in terms of the limitations of the study.

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Santos, Vasco Ribeiro dos. "Consumer behaviour in wine tourism: involvement, destination emotions and place attachment in the wine tourist behaviour during the Porto wine cellars visits context". Doctoral thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5366.

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Tese apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências Empresariais
This study aims to contribute to the conceptual development of consumer behaviour in wine tourism area by bringing new discussion and empirical evidences. For this, a literature review of the main concepts was conducted in order to develop and support a conceptual model. This model was subsequently validated and empirically tested, and a hypothetical relationship between constructs was established: involvement (personal involvement and wine product involvement), destination emotions and place attachment (place identity and place dependence). This is, so far, the first study that analyses the combined interaction of all these constructs. This research was undertaken in the framework of wine tourism, namely the measurement of the wine tourist behavior after visiting the Porto wine cellars. Methodologically, the first chapter is a qualitative exploratory study that performed a content analysis on the key constructs (involvement and emotions), allowing a better understanding of how they can be defined, and the main dimensions underlying each one of them. The second chapter consisted of a conceptual approach, which focused on the clarification of the definition of wine tourism, and the wine tourist behaviour in particular. It also explored the possible relations between constructs (involvement, destination emotions, place attachment and behavioural intentions), postulating the key preposition that stems from their interaction. In the third chapter, a quantitative research was used, using a personal intercept survey in the Porto wine cellars to validate and to give empirical evidences about the behaviour of the Porto wine cellar visitor. The multilevel analysis of the proposed structural model was made using the SmartPLS software, allowing the confirmation of all the proposed hypotheses. In the first chapter, the findings provided a theoretical support of the relevance of involvement and emotions constructs in the field of tourism. The content analysis produced insights based on concepts and definitions of these two constructs on a more holistic perspective. In the second chapter, the findings sustain the special interest in consumer behaviour in wine tourism, and it stated a set of five prepositions, where the main constructs are interlinked. In the third chapter, the empirical results indicated that wine tourists’ personal involvement and their wine product involvement have a significant influence (and a direct effect) on destination emotions and place attachment, driving their behavioural intentions. The study had direct implications (analysis and evaluation of the wine tourist travel behaviour and wine tourist profile) for the Porto wine cellars. The results led to practical implications and suggestions for wine tourism managers. Este estudo tem como propósito contribuir para o desenvolvimento conceptual do comportamento do consumidor na área do enoturismo, contribuindo com uma nova discussão e evidências empíricas. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre os principais construtos, a fim de desenvolver e apoiar um modelo conceptual. Este modelo foi posteriormente validado e testado empiricamente, e foi estabelecida uma relação hipotética entre os construtos: envolvimento (envolvimento pessoal e envolvimento com o produto vinho), as emoções do destino e apego ao lugar (identidade do lugar e dependência do lugar). Até agora, este é o primeiro estudo que analisa a interação combinada de todos estes construtos. Esta pesquisa foi realizada no âmbito do enoturismo, ou seja, a medição do comportamento do enoturista após visitar as caves do vinho do Porto. Relativamente à metodologia aplicada, o primeiro capítulo é um estudo qualitativo exploratório que resultou numa análise de conteúdo sobre os construtos chave (envolvimento e emoções), permitindo uma melhor compreensão de como eles podem ser definidos, e as principais dimensões subjacentes a cada um deles. O segundo capítulo consistiu numa abordagem conceptual que incidiu sobre a clarificação da definição de enoturismo, e o comportamento do enoturista em particular. Este capítulo também explorou as possíveis relações entre os construtos (envolvimento, emoções do destino, apego ao lugar e intenções comportamentais), que determinam a preposição chave que decorre de sua interação. No terceiro capítulo, uma pesquisa quantitativa, foi utilizado um questionário estruturado nas caves do vinho do Porto, para validar e dar evidências empíricas sobre o comportamento do visitante nas caves do vinho do Porto. Foi realizada a análise multivariada do modelo estrutural proposto, utilizando o software SmartPLS, que permitiu a confirmação de todas as hipóteses propostas. No primeiro capítulo, os resultados forneceram um suporte teórico da relevância dos construtos do envolvimento e das emoções na área do turismo. A análise de conteúdo produziu perceções com base em conceitos e definições destes dois construtos, numa perspetiva mais holística. No segundo capítulo, os resultados sustentam o especial interesse no comportamento do consumidor no enoturismo, e foi apresentado um conjunto de 5 preposições, onde os principais construtos são interligados. No terceiro capítulo, os resultados empíricos indicam que o envolvimento pessoal dos enoturistas e o seu envolvimento com o produto vinho têm uma influência significativa (e um efeito direto) sobre as emoções do destino e o apego ao lugar, impulsionando as suas intenções comportamentais. O estudo teve implicações diretas (análise e avaliação do comportamento de viagem do enoturista e perfil do enoturista) para as caves do vinho do Porto. Os resultados levaram a implicações práticas e sugestões para os gestores de enoturismo. Cette étude a pour but contribuer pour le développement conceptuel du comportement du consommateur en oenotourisme, apportant une nouvelle discussion et des évidences empiriques. Il a été faite une révision de la littérature à propos des principaux concepts, a fin de développer et soutenir un modèle conceptuel. Ce modèle a été ensuite validé et testé empiriquement, et il a été établi un rapport hypothétique entre les concepts : engagement (engagement personnel et engagement avec le produit vin), émotions du destin, attachement à l’endroit (identité et dépendance de l’endroit). Celle-ci c’est, jusqu`à présent, la première étude qui analyse l’interaction combinée des tous ces concepts. Cette recherche a été réalisée dans le cadre de l’oenotourisme, ça veut dire le mesurage du comportement de l’oenotouriste après visiter les caves du vin Porto. Méthodologiquement le premier chapitre c’est une étude qualitative exploratoire qui a réalisé une analyse du contenu sur les concepts clé (engagement et émotions), en permettant une meilleure compréhension de la façon dont ils peuvent être définis, ainsi que les dimensions principales inhérentes à chacun d’eux. Le second chapitre a consisté dans une approche conceptuelle qui portait sur la précision de la définition de l’oenotourisme, et le comportement de l’oenotouriste en particulier. Ce chapitre a aussi exploité les éventuels rapports entre les concepts (engagement, émotions du destin, attachement à l’endroit et intentions comportementales) qui postulent la préposition clé qui découle de son interaction. Dans le troisième chapitre, une recherche quantitative, il a été utilisé un questionnaire structuré dans les caves du vin Porto, a fin de valider et de donner des évidences empiriques sur le comportement du visiteur dans les caves du vin Porto. Il a été réalisé l’analyse multifactorielle du modèle structurel proposé, en utilisant le software SmartPLS qui a permis la confirmation de toutes les hypothèses proposées. Dans le premier article, les résultats ont fourni un soutien théorique de la pertinence des concepts de l’engagement et des émotions dans le domaine du tourisme. L’analyse du contenu a produit des perceptions ayant comme base des conceptions et définitions de ces deux concepts, dans un point de vue plus holistique. Dans le second article, les résultats soutiennent le spécial intérêt dans le comportement du consommateur dans l’oenotourisme, et il a été présenté un ensemble de 5 prépositions, où les principales constructions sont interconnectées. Dans le troisième article, les résultats empiriques indiquent que l’engagement avec le produit vin ont une influence significative (et un effet direct) sur les émotions du destin et l’attachement à l’endroit, en poussant ses intentions comportementales. L’étude a eu des implications directes (analyse et évaluation du comportement de voyage de l’oenotouriste et profil de l’oenotouriste) pour les caves du vin Porto. Les résultats ont amené à des implications pratiques et suggestions pour les gestionnaires de l’oenotourisme.

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Defferary, Tanya Elizabeth Michele. "Resilience and attachment as mediators impacting upon the psychosocial sequelae of unwanted early sexual experiences". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12494.

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Unwanted early sexual experiences (UESE) are traumatic experiences that many children worldwide are exposed to on a daily basis. Some of these victims struggle to adapt to life, whereas others become survivors, exhibiting post-traumatic growth after such an experience. South Africa has some of the highest UESE prevalence rates in the world, highlighting the importance of research conducted within this field in the country. With an overarching psychofortogenic framework, and through the implementation of a convergent parallel mixed methods research design, the study explored and described whether resilience and attachment act as mediators impacting upon the psychosocial sequelae which a UESE survivor might experience. The study was divided into three phases. Phase 1 consisted of a small-scale survey design which was conducted with 304 participants while Phase 2 consisted of nine semi-structure interviews with UESE survivors, who were volunteers from the original sample. Finally, Phase 3 provided an integrated summary of the findings from the first two phases. During Phase 1 significant findings relating to the survivors of UESE, their levels of resilience and attachment relationships were outlined. Of the total sample, 32.43% males and 30.5% females indicated that they had been exposed to a UESE. Most of the perpetrators were known to the survivors with friends being identified as the most common perpetrators. Parental relationships characterised by trust, open communication and less alienation were found to impact upon the degree to which participants reported being bothered by the UESE. Furthermore, parental alienation at the time of the UESE had a significantly negative impact on the survivors’ adult relationship styles. During Phase 2 a number of themes emerged including the manner of disclosure, reasons for delayed disclosure, relationship to the confidant, confidant’s response to disclosure, effects of the response to disclosure, the impact of the UESE upon the survivor, impact of the UESE on relationships, coping/resilience, advice to professionals, the confidant, and the survivor. The final phase confirmed the research hypothesis that resilience and attachment act as mediating factors impacting upon a variety of psychosocial sequelae which a UESE survivor might experience. Serendipitously, disclosure was found to be a mediating factor, securing a significant role within the study. In conclusion a future intervention titled ‘Post-Traumatic Growth: A UESE model of Disclosure, Resilience and Attachment’, was outlined, based on the study’s findings.

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Jellis, Jerry. "Attachment style, working models of sexuality, and their relation to safer sex behaviour in young adults". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63881.pdf.

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Nancarrow, Abigail M. "Attachment, eating behaviour and weight loss : a cohort study of patients before and after bariatric surgery". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/808520/.

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Primary objective : This study assessed the degree of insecure attachment style in a sample of patients undergoing bariatric surgery compared to a normal weight control group. It also investigated the association between attachment style and eating behaviour within the bariatric group pre-surgery and the impact of attachment on weight loss 6 months post-surgery. Design and method: A cross sectional and cohort quantitative design was used. The bariatric group consisted of 195 patients recruited from a bariatric clinic who were compared with 195 normal weight controls recruited through social media. All participants completed the ECR-R and provided demographic information. The bariatric group also completed measures of control over eating, diet and exercise behaviour, behavioural intentions, and the Power of Food Scale. T-tests and correlations were used for analysis. Outcome and results: The bariatric group demonstrated significantly higher levels of attachment avoidance and lower levels of attachment anxiety than controls. Significant correlations were found between insecure attachment and hedonic wanting of food, and attachment anxiety was significantly correlated with control over eating. No significant correlations were found between attachment and weight loss at 6 months follow up. Conclusion: A potentially causal relationship between attachment and obesity is discussed, as well as the implications for clinical psychology in bariatric services.

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Goater, Patricia Marie. "Attachment styles of staff and people in care-homes : an investigation into effects on challenging behaviour". Thesis, Bangor University, 2004. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/attachment-styles-of-staff-and-people-in-carehomes--an-investigation-into-effects-on-challenging-behaviour(325f28eb-3245-45cf-80b8-2887eac21734).html.

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There is wide acceptance that challenging behaviour (CB) is a common feature of people with dementia. The current literature has demonstrated that a wide variety of factors may contribute to either the amount of CB or the subjective difficulty of management and burden perceived by those who care for people with dementia. This study is preceded by a literature review that examines the contribution of attachment theory to our understanding of why some people with dementia may show greater levels ofCB and why both family and professional carers may show such wide variations in their response to CB. The focus of the main study was to replicate previous fmdings, ie. that those with 'insecure' attachment styles would demonstrate higher levels ofCB, while addressing a methodological weakness in previous research. The attachment styles of paid staff were also investigated and their relationship to perceived levels ofCB, positive perceptions of work and burnout examined. Finally the possibility of an interactive effect between staff and resident attachment styles was investigated. Results did not support previous fmdings and this is discussed with reference to the change in methodology. Limitations to this study and future research directions are discussed. A review of the contributions to theory, research and practice follows. This paper discusses further the strengths and weaknesses of the current research and the contribution made to original knowledge. Future research directions are indicated and the implications for clinical practice are discussed. Finally personal motivations and process issues arising from this research are presented.

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Parry, Gwenllian Glyn. "Measuring observable responses during completion of the family drawing task to access internal working models of attachment in middle childhood". Thesis, Bangor University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367317.

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Halpenny, Elizabeth A. "Environmental Behaviour, Place Attachment and Park Visitation: A case study of visitors to Point Pelee National Park". Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/718.

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This thesis explores the relationship between place attachment and pro-environmental behaviour expressed by visitors to Point Pelee National Park. Place attachment, the functional, cognitive and emotional bond with a place, may play a role in promoting environmentally responsible behaviours. This may be especially true of place-specific pro-environmental behaviours; however place attachment may also have a "carry-over" effect in that its impact on individuals' self identity may also foster pro-environmental behaviour in individuals' every day lives.

An exploration of these relationships was achieved, first by measuring the intensity of place attachment and pro-environment behavioural intentions expressed by visitors to Point Pelee National Park. This was followed by an examination of the relationship between these two constructs using correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. Data was collected with a mail-based self-completed questionnaire. A quota sample of visitors to Point Pelee National Park was utilized. A response rate of 32% (n = 355) was achieved.

The relationship between place attachment and pro-environmental intentions was explored further through the measurement of several related variables. These factors include place satisfaction (based on an appraisal of nature, social and activity-based environments), motivation for visiting the park (related to social interaction and nature observation, as well as activity-based and learning opportunities), distance between the park and visitors' residences, membership in environmental organizations, and visitation patterns including visitation to the park during childhood, length of affiliation with the park, length of visit to the park, and frequency of visitation to the park. Theoretical and empirical research suggests that these factors may affect place attachment, pro-environment behavioural intentions, and/or the relationship between these two constructs.

Study results found positive associations between place attachment and all of these variables with the exception of visitation motives associated with learning and engaging in a favourite activity. The strongest predictive relationships were observed with anti-substitution (the inability of an individual to substitute the park for another destination because of a lack of resources such as time or money or a lack of awareness of comparable sites) followed by frequency of visits to the park; park commitment (based on Friends group membership and donations of time and money to the Friends group); Friends of Point Pelee (FoPP) membership; and park relationship (which was based on visitation to the park as a child and length of affiliation); and, satisfaction with the park.

Results support the proposition that place attachment has a strong positive association with both park-specific pro-environment behavioural intentions (e. g. , Write letters in support of Point Pelee N. P. and similar protected areas) as well as general pro-environment behavioural intentions (e. g. , Pay extra for transportation if it is environmentally-friendly). Place attachment strongly predicted park-specific, and moderately predicted general pro-environmental intentions. A number of other variables had an indirect effect on park-specific intentions; notable effects were demonstrated by frequency of visits; park relationship; visitation to the park as a child; place satisfaction; social satisfaction; FoPP membership; and, park commitment; anti-substitution. These affects were mediated by place attachment. After place attachment the strongest predictors of park-specific intentions were anti-substitution; frequency of visits; park commitment; and, general environmental commitment (which was based on membership in an environmental organization and donations of time and money to that organization).

Place attachment was not the only direct predicator of general pro-environmental intentions; general environmental commitment and membership in an environmental organization also directly predicted general pro-environmental intentions. Notable indirect effects, mediated by place attachment were produced by frequency of visits; park relationship; FoPP membership; park commitment; and anti-substitution. The strongest predictors of general pro-environmental intentions were general environmental commitment, followed by place attachment, membership in an environmental organization, and frequency of park visitation.

These findings correspond with much of the literature published on place attachment formation and the development of pro-environmental behaviours. The most notable contribution of this study is its comparison of place attachment's impact on general versus place-specific behaviours, and the role that several related variables play in this relationship.

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Connor, Cath. "The influence of attachment experiences and mental health issues on offending behaviour of young people in residential care". Thesis, University of Salford, 2011. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26623/.

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As a youth offending officer working with looked after children in residential care it became increasingly difficult for me to reconcile my professional responsibility to compile pre-sentence reports with my personal sense of injustice on behalf of the young people that I was working with. The tension between balancing the welfare needs of young people with the requirement for justice within an adversarial youth justice system led to the development of this practitioner research study. Semi-structured interviews were recorded with young people in residential care who had been convicted of a criminal offence. Over a period of twelve months, twenty young people agreed to participate and spoke about the triggers for their offending behaviour, family relationships, self esteem, people who were important to them and their feelings about care. Documentary evidence was analysed from statutory reports and minutes of reviews for looked after children. From this, a picture was formed of conflicting pressures and mismatches between evidence, perception, responses and outcomes. This study found that there is a gap between what is known about looked after children and application of this knowledge to practice in an integrated multi-agency way. There was also a gap between the perceptions of young people and professionals about their experiences and needs. Some elements of the care system exacerbated the emotional wellbeing of participants and opportunities for change were missed. Already vulnerable following experiences of neglect abuse and rejection, the mental health and well being of looked after children is significantly impaired by the time they enter residential care. Initially taken into care for their own safety and wellbeing, many participants in this study, by the time they reached adolescence, were perceived by professionals to be challenging, difficult to control and a risk to others rather than a victim of the system.

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Casey, Julie. "What school factors impact on the behaviour of secondary students deemed to have attachment difficulties? : a pupil perspective". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10086/.

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The challenges presented by students with behavioural, emotional and social difficulties (BESD) in mainstream settings remain high-profile in educational, social, and political contexts. Exclusion figures (while decreasing since their peak in 2003-4), continue to signal our failure to successfully engage and include a significant minority of young people within their local mainstream schools, particularly at secondary level. While the social and legislative context since the 1990s has led to a proliferation of pupil voice research from within a qualitative paradigm, studies of the voices of secondary students with BESD in mainstream settings have been limited, and their potential contribution in shaping policy and practice within schools largely ignored. Existing research in this area has tended to treat those with BESD as a homogenous group, disregarding the potentially diverse needs underpinning their challenging behaviour. This study proposes that attachment difficulties might underpin some students’ BESD and makes the case for the use of an attachment framework as a lens through which to make sense of such students’ behaviour, and as a tool for tailoring differentiated support mechanisms and interventions that may be different from, or additional to, those often implemented in schools to manage the behaviour of challenging students. Five mainstream secondary school students with BESD deemed to be underpinned by attachment difficulties by school staff participated in semi-structured interviews in order to identify the within-school factors which impacted on their behaviour in school. Transcripts were analysed using Thematic Analysis, using both inductive and theoretically-driven codes. Three major themes were identified as impacting (positively or negatively) on participants’ behaviour in school: ‘Connectedness’, ‘Having a voice’ and ‘Fairness and justice’. The findings were analysed in relation to existing research with undifferentiated groups of students with BESD and commonalities and differences highlighted. Concepts from within an attachment framework were utilised in interpreting the key differences found, and a range of recommendations for school practice at strategic and operational levels proposed as a result, as well as considerations for future research with this under-researched and vulnerable group of young people.

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McClure, Melissa. "Hopes of affiliation and fears of rejection: The effects of attachment anxiety on behaviour and outcomes in initial interactions". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92261.

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Research has demonstrated that attachment anxiety undermines our ongoing relationships; however, less is known about the role anxiety plays in the context of relationship initiation (Creasey & Jarvis, 2008; Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007). The present research therefore explored how attachment anxiety affects people's behaviour and outcomes in initial interactions. The first manuscript presents two studies using a social dilemma game paradigm. In the first study, chronic attachment anxiety was associated with uncertainty about cooperation and longer decision latencies in selecting their behaviour. In the second study, the contextual activation of attachment security was used to ameliorate the effects of chronic anxiety. The next two manuscripts examined more overtly interpersonal contexts. In the second manuscript, field data collected at speed-dating demonstrated that attachment anxiety was associated with lower romantic selectivitythat is, more anxious participants made attempts to pursue further contact with a larger number of potential dating partnersand decreased romantic popularitymore anxious participants were pursued for further contact by fewer potential dating partners. In a signal detection analysis, it was shown that more anxious participants were therefore making more false alarms, or maximizing the number of failed relationship initiation attempts. Finally, the third manuscript sought to test a meditational model, wherein the link between attachment anxiety and negative social outcomes in initial interactions was mediated by theory-derived interpersonal displays. In a first study, participants filmed a video introducing themselves to an attractive, available confederate in another room; these videos were coded by peer research assistants. In a second study, participants engaged in speed-dating and were evaluated by potential dating partners. In a third study, participants engaged in a semi-structured, 40 minute interaction with a confederate. Video
Bien que les recherches soutiennent l'idée que l'attachement anxieux a des effets indésirables sur nos relations interpersonnelles courantes, on en sait encore peu quant au rôle joué par l'anxiété sur l'initiation d'une relation (Creasey & Jarvis, 2008; Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007). La présente recherche explore donc comment l'attachement anxieux affecte les comportements des individus et l'initiation d'une interaction. Le premier manuscrit inclut deux études ayant utilisé un jeu portant sur un dilemme social. Dans la première étude, l'attachement anxieux chronique était associé avec l'incertitude concernant la coopération et une plus longue période de latence quant au choix des comportements. Dans la deuxième étude, l'activation contextuelle de la sécurité d'attachement a été utilisée afin d'améliorer les effets de l'anxiété chronique. Les deux autres manuscrits examinent plus directement différents contextes interpersonnels. Dans le deuxième manuscrit, des données recueillies sur le terrain lors d'un speed-dating ont démontré que l'attachement anxieux était associé à une sélectivité romantique plus faible. En d'autres mots, les participants plus anxieux ont tenté de poursuivre les contacts amorcés lors du speed-dating avec un plus grand nombre de partenaires amoureux potentiels. De plus, ils avaient une popularité romantique plus faible, c'est-à-dire que moins de partenaires amoureux potentiels choisissaient de poursuivre avec les participants anxieux. Dans une analyse de détection de signaux, les participants qui étaient davantage anxieux, faisaient plus de fausses alarmes ou maximisaient le nombre de tentatives échouées d'initiation de relation. Finalement, le troisième manuscrit évalue un modèle de médiation où les manifestations interpersonnelles agissent comme médiateur dans le lien entre l'attachement anxieux et les effets sociaux négatifs lors d'une première interaction. Dans une première étude, les part

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42

Saeed, Wedad H. "The Impact of Maternal Attachment on Children's Cooperative Behaviour During Dental Examination and Treatment in the United Arab Emirates". Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515325.

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Arnold, C. "Young children's representations of emotions and attachment in their spontaneous patterns of behaviour : an exploration of a researcher's understanding". Thesis, Coventry University, 2007. http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/464/.

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Over the last thirty years in the UK and a small number of other countries, workers and researchers have developed a robust theory of cognitive development by studying young children’s patterns of behaviour (known as ‘schemas’) (Athey, 1990; Matthews, 2003; Pan, 2004). The research has shown that young children across cultures, are intrinsically motivated to explore patterns through their actions, symbolic behaviour, functional dependencies and thought. By working closely with parents and workers and drawing on their intimate knowledge of each child and their family context, I have extended this theory to include the children’s explorations of emotional issues, such as attachment and separation. During the study, I made video observations of eight children, aged two, three and four years, over one to two years, engaging in spontaneous play in the nursery. I viewed the filmed sequences alongside their parents and workers to gain their insights into each child’s motivations and interests. I then revisited the filmed sequences over time and used journaling, as a technique, to record my responses and reflections. I constructed a case study about each child using schema theory and attachment theory as theoretical frameworks for analysing the data. I also constructed a case study about my own growing awareness of my responses to emotions. I identified some basic psychological needs in the data about each child, that seemed to link with the cluster of schemas each child explored. There seemed to be a gender bias. The boys studied seemed more focussed on ‘doing’ and expressed this by using a cluster of predominant schemas such as ‘trajectory’ and ‘connecting’. The girls studied seemed more focussed on ‘having’ and ‘relating’ and expressed these needs by exploring a cluster of schemas, including ‘transporting’, ‘containing’ and ‘enveloping’. Children seemed to use these repeated patterns in four ways; to gain comfort; to give form to experiences or feelings; to explore or work through painful experiences or feelings, and; to come to understand abstract concepts. I articulated my understanding of Piaget’s concept of ‘reflective abstraction’ by applying it to data gathered and to the literature. I proposed extending this concept to include ‘reflective expansion’. The child takes actions forward onto a higher plane within the cognitive domain, when developmentally ready (reflective abstraction), and simultaneously draws on earlier actions to make links in the affective domain when faced with complex abstract concepts beyond their current level of development (reflective expansion).

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Boyd, Carol A. "Attachment and abandonment : a study of factors contributing to, or hindering, the development of trust and functional family behaviour". Thesis, Middlesex University, 2013. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/15774/.

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This research examines the lives of individual children and adults of diverse ages and ethnicities, who suffer common and uncommon abandonment. The study employs a naturalistic “inquiry from the inside” approach and involves intensive participant observation on the part of the researcher. This allows a form of research to emerge that is longitudinal and dialogical. It includes the collection and analysis of the life histories of participants and allows for comparisons and shared experiences. The depth of involvement of the researcher in the participants’ lives, together with analysis of their experiences, combine to form a unique methodological model, generating a deeper and more nuanced understanding than commonly available of how the abandoned person views their world, while moving toward relational connection. Analysis of the life histories, field notes, observations and interviews, in concert with ethnographic field data, yield a progressive pattern of trust and development of relationship. In this process, the language, stages and steps of a non-clinical model of intervention emerges within the life experiences of the individual participants. The resulting paradigm applies most directly to individuals challenged by abandonment, and to their family structure, with the potential application for social agencies (governmental and nongovernmental) and institutional models of care. The research offers two contributions to the field of study addressing the lived experience of formerly abandoned children and their families including: (1) extended understanding of the phenomenon of attachment through a holistic and dynamic approach to the attachment process, involving life history and ethnographic examination and (2) a coherent model of intervention revealing the development from abandonment to relational connection. This includes responses of the participant to availability and empathy, and reveals a progression from survival through vulnerability and trust, to authenticity and relational connection.

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Schulze-Henning, Daniela. "An examination of the relationships between patterns of attachment, self-esteem, social problem-solving and drinking behaviour in problem drinkers". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25163.

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Introduction. Early psychological and environmental factors appear to play an important role in the development of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence and increasing self-esteem and problem-solving abilities is often the aim of psychological interventions for these problems. The purpose of this study was to examine parental bonding, self-esteem and problem solving in alcohol-dependent individuals, using multi-dimensional measures. Method. An inpatient sample from a specialist treatment facility consisting of 90 volunteers who completed questionnaires focusing on alcohol consumption (Timeline Followback), alcohol-related problems (Alcohol Problems Questionnaire), self-esteem (The Self- Liking/Competence Scale [Revised]), social problem solving (Social Problem Solving Inventory [Revised]) and perceived parenting (Parental Bonding Instrument). Inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied. The data were analysed using Pearson Correlations and Stepwise Regression. Results. Alcohol problems were related to maternal parenting patterns but not paternal parenting patterns. A significant negative relationship was found between social problem solving and alcohol problems; a positive significant relationship was found between alcohol problems and the dysfunctional styles of social problem solving (Negative Problem Orientation, Impulsivity/Carelessness Style, Avoidance Style). Both aspects of self-esteem were significantly related to parental care, social problem solving and alcohol-related problems. The hypothesised role of self-esteem as a mediator between Maternal Care and alcohol problems, and between social problem solving and alcohol problems, was not supported. Conclusions. In problem drinkers, dysfunctional aspects of problem solving and low maternal bonding during childhood and adolescence appear to be related to their alcohol problems. Although a role for self-esteem in the development and maintenance of alcohol problems has been identified, the precise mechanisms through which self-esteem, problem solving and parental bonding are connected with alcohol problems have yet to be established. However, self-esteem and social problem solving need to be considered as important factors when planning treatment options. In addition, the negative effects of drinking alcohol at an early age on problems later in life were discussed.

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Solca, Milva. "Anknytningsmönster och utvecklingen av antisocialt - och normbrytande beteende". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44822.

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This study is a research synthesis that aims to explain the possible connection between the attachment in parent and child relationship and antisocial/ deviant behaviour.The purpose is to chart and discuss how previous science views the attachments effect on the risk of developing antisocial behaviour. The issue of this study is following: Can the attachment between parent and child affect the risk of developing antisocial behaviour? Which attachment pattern is specifically riskful and why is that? The data in this study is based on earlier research collected from databases such as Psycinfo and Sociological Abstract etc. The results from different studies and articles are analysed by Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory.The results show that there is a possible connection between attachment and the development of antisocial behaviour, but there are also indicators that show that there are more factors that play a role in the risk of developing antisocial behaviour such as environmental and structural factors. In other words, attachment affects the risk, but there are also other indicators that enlarge the risks of developing antisocial or deviant behaviour. Avoidant and anxious/ ambivalent attachment are two attachment styles that previous studies have found to have an increased risk to develop antisocial and deviant behaviour.

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Barbosa, Filipe Marques de Gama. "Estilo de vinculação em pacientes com lupus eritematoso sistémico e em pacientes com asma". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/343.

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Fraine, Graham. "At home on the road?: Territoriality and driver behaviour". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36792/1/36792_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis proposed that theory on human territoriality, particularly the work of Irwin Altman and colleagues, can contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between people and their car. The car has often been labelled a territory, analogous to the home, which plays a significant role in the lives of individuals in motorised societies. A review of the existing literature on both territoriality and driver behaviour suggested that the car conforms to the defining features of a territory, being an important and enduring object that many drivers decorate with personal items and that they protect against invasion by other road users. Despite this literature, there is little empirical research to support the idea that the car is an imp011ant human territory. Using the methodological framework of transactional psychology, this thesis reported on three studies that utilised an array of self-rep01t techniques to answer research questions on the relationship between territoriality and driver behaviour. The research questions enquired as to whether drivers perceive the car and the surrounding road space as territory, whether they see the driving environment as defined in territo1ial terms, and whether these features influence behaviour on the road. In the first study, 13 focus groups were conducted to determine whether drivers' descriptions of the relationship with their car conformed to existing descriptions of territory. Specific interest was taken in whether the car conformed to Brown and Altman's (1981) descriptions of primary (e.g., home), secondary (e.g., workplace) or public (e.g., park) territory. Focus group questions reflected the territorial features of duration, centrality, marking range, marking intention, and response to invasion. Analysis revealed that the car can be considered a territory, with descriptions of the car closely matching Brown and Altman's descriptions of territory types. However, exactly what type of territory the car was depended on the individual. For instance, young drivers were more likely to perceive the car as aligned with notions of primary territory, while drivers of work vehicles were more likely to describe the car as a secondary or even public territory. Fm1her, dimensional variations were present within d1iver groups and within individuals, such that the broad application of the label 'primary', 'secondary' or 'public' territory to desc1ibe the car was not appropriate. As such, it was noted that territorial researchers should determine the nature of a person's relationship with a particu1ar place/object p1ior to making assumptions about what type of territory it is. Study Two examined the constructs (i.e., descriptors) that drivers use to interpret driving situations, hypothesising that they would correspond to territorial themes such as privacy, safety and control. Phase One of the study generated a representative list of 20 common driving situations, through the use of a travel diary, for subsequent use in a repertory grid task. In Phase Two, 101 drivers completed a repertory grid in which they compared the 20 situations on a se1ies of self-generated constructs. Generalised Procrustes analysis of the grids revealed two major dimensions that drivers use to interpret their driving environment, representing the constructs of safety, control, anger, stress and enjoyment. With few exceptions, these constructs were consistently applied by all drivers and across all driving situations. Safety and control are both linked to aspects of human territoriality. Control was also notable for representing both control over whether a situation is entered into, and control over what occurs once in the situation. Although anger, stress and enjoyment are not key territorial themes, this may reflect the comparatively deficient coverage of emotion in territorial literature. In Study Three, the survey responses of 403 drivers were used to test three hypotheses. First, principal components analysis of the relationship with the car revealed that the major themes characterising this association were linked to the dimensions of territoriality desc1ibed by Brown and Altman (1981). In addition, the degree to which each theme was experienced varied as a function of driver age and car ownership, a feature also noted in the focus group study. Second, the majority of drivers were able to nominate a part of the road-space surrounding the car that they saw as part of their territory. The size of this space varied as a function of the driver and the type of car driven. Third, mixed results were found for the effect of territoriality on self-reported aggressive and prosocial driving. Although viewing the car as a defendable space predicted aggressive behaviours, and believing that the car provides autonomy predicted prosocial driving in some situations, other variables directly related to territory were non-significant. As was found in Study Two, the emotional states of enjoyment and anger also played a role in predicting response to the behaviour of others. Together, these studies suggested that the car is a territory, for some drivers analogous to a primary territory such as the home. The manner in which the car, the surrounding road-space, and the driving environment are considered territorial has implications for understanding road user behaviour, including the topics of aggressive and prosocial driving, conformity with road rules, and travel demand management. As such, the findings of this research have potential application in the development of strategies to improve dri ver behaviour, specifically in relation to aggressive and prosocial driving. In addition, the research conducted in this thesis has implications for the further development of theory on human territoriality. Primarily this relates to further elucidating the role of control in territoriality, especially as it differentiates between primary, secondary and public territories. Territoriality theory would also benefit from a more comprehensive understanding of the role that emotion plays in territoriality. Given the exploratory nature of this research, further work is also required to further understand the links between territoriality and driver behaviour.

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Van, Huyssteen Almarie. "Applying attachment theory to explore the emotion regulation characteristics of a child diagnosed with ADHD". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2629.

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Thesis (MEdPsych (Educational Psychology)--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Bowlby (1969) described infant attachment as the emotional bond that ties the infant to one or a few figures across time and distance. He claimed that internal working models are shaped by early experiences and that attachment behaviour is programmed within these models. According to Bowlby, internal working models are carried forward and have an effect on the development of personality, emotion regulation characteristics and behaviour later in life (Goldberg, 2000). Attachment Theory and emotion regulation are closely linked. The parent-child relationship plays an important role in the development of emotion regulation skills. According to research and subsequent literature, children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulty with emotion regulation. A limited number of studies have focused on the emotion regulation characteristics of children with ADHD, using Attachment Theory as lens. In this study, Attachment Theory was applied to explore the emotion regulation characteristics of a ten-year-old girl with ADHD. A series of observations were central to the process of producing data, as observation plays an eminent role in the history of attachment research. Within the series of observations, together with three semi-structured interviews, the child‟s emotion regulation characteristics were identified. The parent-child relationship and the parents‟ level of reflective functioning played a significant role to identify the characteristics of emotion regulation. A literature review and information from documents (e.g. reports from multi-disciplinary professionals) contributed to the validity of the findings. It was found that the girl with ADHD was significantly insecure in her general functioning. The themes that emerged elicited the interface and interaction between attachment behaviour, emotion regulation and ADHD. Future research should focus on Attachment Theory and ADHD. Parents, teachers and multi-disciplinary professionals who have or work with children diagnosed with ADHD will benefit from Attachment Theory.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Bowlby (1969) het gehegtheid of binding beskou as die emosionele band wat tussen die jong baba aan een of meer versorgers gevorm word. Hy het beweer dat hierdie band mettertyd „n interne model van gehegtheid vorm, en dat latere gedrag volgens hierdie modelle uitgeleef word. Volgens Bowlby word interne werksmodelle oorgedra van die primere versorger na die kind. Hierdie modelle het n uitwerking op spesifieke aspekte van die persoonlikheid, op die regulering van emosies en op gedrag binne verhoudings asook tydens konflik later in die lewe (Goldberg, 2000). 'n Noue verbintenis bestaan tussen gehegtheidsteorie en die regulering van emosie. Die ouer-kind-verhouding speel 'n belangrike rol in die ontwikkeling van vaardighede om emosie te reguleer. Volgens navorsing vind kinders met aandagtekort-hiperatiwiteitversteuring (ATHV) dit moeilik om emosies te reguleer. 'n Beperkte aantal studies gebruik gehegtheidsteorie om die regulering van emosies by kinders met ATHV na te vors. In hierdie studie is gehegtheidsteorie toegepas om die eienskappe van emosie – regulering by 'n tienjarige dogter wie met ATHV gediagnoseer is, te verken. 'n Reeks observasies was sentraal tot die proses van dataversameling, omdat observasie 'n besondere rol in die geskiedenis van gehegtheidsnavorsing speel. Binne „n reeks van waarnemings, tesame met drie semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude, is die eienskappe van die kind se regulering van emosies geïdentifiseer. Die ouer-kind-verhouding en die ouers se vlak van reflektiewe funksionering speel 'n belangrike rol in die identifisering van eienskappe om emosie te reguleer. 'n Literatuuroorsig en inligting uit dokumente (bv. verslae van multidissiplinêre professionele persone) het bygedra tot die geldigheid van die bevindings. Dit is gevind dat die dogter met ATHV beduidend onveilig in haar algemene funksionering was. Die temas wat na vore gekom het, het die skakeling en interaksie tussen gehegtheidsgedrag, die regulering van emosie en ATHV aan die lig gebring. Ouers, onderwysers en multidissiplinêre professionele persone wat kinders het of wat werk met kinders wat met ATHV gediagnoseer is, sal baat vind by gehegtheidsteorie.

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Lavado, Ana Maria. "Relações de vinculação em crianças com dermatite atópica". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/598.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Psicossomática
As investigações sobre a relação de vinculação da criança à sua figura cuidadora, têm revelado importantes implicações no seu desenvolvimento futuro, tanto ao nível do relacionamento interpessoal, como das características pessoais, nomeadamente, capacidade para lidar com situações problemáticas, auto-estima, auto-confiança, entre outras (Soares, I., 2007). As perturbações desta relação, poderão contribuir para uma maior vulnerabilidade à doença física e psicológica. A dermatite atópica é uma doença paradigmática para a compreensão da interface entre o físico e o psicológico, havendo algum consenso acerca da responsabilidade do sistema imunológico no desencadear da mesma. Sabe-se hoje que existem relações mútuas entre este sistema e o sistema nervoso central, as quais poderão clarificar a forma como os factores psicológicos interferem na evolução sintomática desta doença (Buske-Kirchbaum, A., Geiben, A,, & Helhammer, D. 2001). Os objectivos do presente estudo foram: verificar se existia uma preponderância das dimensões de vinculação ansiosa/ambivalente e evitante nas crianças com dermatite atópica e verificar se estas e os seus pais apresentavam sintomatologia psicopatológica. Foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa, tendo sido analisados casos de cinco crianças, de 9 e 10 anos de idade, com dermatite atópica. A informação foi recolhida através de entrevistas aos pais e às crianças e através da aplicação de provas psicológicas. Os resultados obtidos acerca da dimensão de vinculação não foram suficientemente consistentes. Todavia, as crianças com dermatite atópica mais grave apresentaram uma vinculação ansiosa/ambivalente ou evitante, o que poderá ser indiciador do agravamento da doença em situações de maior fragilidade na relação pais-criança. Por último, foi possível verificar a existência de psicopatologia, tanto nas crianças, como nos seus pais. Todas as crianças apresentaram sintomatologia ansiogénica e cinco pais revelaram sintomas depressivos. Estes sintomas poderão ser pré-mórbidos ou consequência da própria doença.

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