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Bhambra, Nishaant, Morgan Spencer Gold, Darya Naumova, Kenzy Abdelhamid, David Lessard i Bertrand Lebouché. "Assessing needs for linguistic interpretation in hospital settings: A retrospective analysis of ad hoc interpreter requests". Journal of Medicine Access 6 (styczeń 2022): 275508342211052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/27550834221105215.
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Background: In Canada, healthcare professionals often rely on ad hoc interpreters, who are untrained volunteers recruited via intercom hospital announcements to interpret for patients with language barriers. This study analyzed the frequency of ad hoc interpreter requests via intercom announcements to estimate hospital interpretation needs. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis from intercom requests for medical interpretation collected from five hospitals of the McGill University Health Center. Requests included date, time, language requested, hospital location, and extension for who placed the request. Results: A total of 1265 intercom requests were placed for 48 languages, with the top five languages being Mandarin (17.8%), Punjabi (10.1%), Inuktitut (9.8%), Arabic (7.3%), and Cantonese (6.4%). Almost 69.8% of requests were made during working hours, 13.2% on workday evenings, and 14.8% on weekends. Requests came from urgent care (42.3%), outpatient (29.5%), and inpatient (23.3%) settings. Conclusion: This is the first published study that measures interpretation needs via intercom requests. We propose that our method can be replicated to inform implementation of professional medical interpretation services. We conclude that linguistic interpretation needs are significant in the Montreal area, and likely in Canada in general and pose a barrier to effective medical care.
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Sapozhnikov, Julia, Angela Huang, Sara Revolinski, Nathan A. Ledeboer i Blake W. Buchan. "1045. Impact of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Pharmacist on Microbiology Rounds". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (październik 2019): S368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.909.
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Abstract Background Microbiology rounds is an area for antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) to potentially intervene on antimicrobial prescribing in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the impact of ASP pharmacist participation in microbiology rounds. Methods This was a single-center retrospective descriptive study including inpatient and ambulatory adults ( ≥18 years) with a susceptibility request requiring review during microbiology rounds between October 2018 and 3/2019. During daily microbiology rounds, susceptibility or workup requests were reviewed with the multidisciplinary microbiology team. The ASP pharmacist was called for their clinical expertise in assessing complicated or nonstandard susceptibility requests. Number and types of interventions made by ASP pharmacist were recorded (e.g., approval rate, education, ASP referral, ID consult referral). Additionally, number and types of intervention outcomes (unnecessary susceptibility prevented, optimized susceptibility request, treatment recommendation, improved clinician understanding, etc.) were analyzed. Results There were 66 susceptibility requests reviewed by an ASP pharmacist from October 2018 to 3/2019, of which 84.8% were inpatient. An ID provider was the requestor for 35% of requests. ASP pharmacists completed chart reviews for 92.4% of patients and contacted the requester/primary team 72.7% of the time. Thirty-three (50%) susceptibility requests were approved and, notably, 65.2% of requests from an ID provider were approved. Intervention rates for education provided, ASP referral, and ID consult referral were 50%, 1%, and 7%, respectively. ASP pharmacists were able to impact multiple intervention outcomes, including preventing unnecessary susceptibility requests (45.5%) and improving clinician understanding (39.4%) (Table 1). Conclusion ASP pharmacists are an important part of the microbiology team and are able to use their clinical expertise to help approve or deny susceptibility requests, make potential recommendations to optimize antimicrobial therapy, and provide education to other healthcare professionals. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Yuan, Chien Wen, Benjamin V. Hanrahan i John M. Carroll. "Assessing timebanking use and coordination: implications for service exchange tools". Information Technology & People 32, nr 2 (1.04.2019): 344–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-09-2017-0311.
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PurposeTimebanking is a generalized, voluntary service exchange that promotes use of otherwise idle resources in a community and facilitates community building. Participants offer and request services through the mediation of the timebank software. In timebanking, giving help and accepting help are both contributions; contributions are recognized and quantified through exchange of time-based currency. The purpose of this paper is to explore how users perceive timebank offers and requests differently and how they influence actual use.Design/methodology/approachThis survey study, conducted in over 120 timebanks across the USA, examines users’ timebanking participation, adapting dimensions of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).FindingsThe authors found that perceived ease of use in timebanking platforms was positively associated with positive attitudes toward both requests and offers, whereas perceived usefulness was negatively associated with positive attitudes toward requests and offers. The authors also found that having positive attitudes toward requests was important to elicit behavioral intention to make a request, but that positive attitudes toward offers did not affect behavioral intentions to make offers.Practical implicationsThe authors discussed these results and proposed design suggestions for future service exchange tools to address the issues the authors raised.Originality/valueThe study is among the first few studies that examine timebanking participation using large-scale survey data. The authors evaluate sociotechnical factors of timebanking participation through adapting dimensions of TAM.
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Yee, Michelle. "182 Secondary Use of Electronic Health Record (EHR) Data and Implications for Evaluation". Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 8, s1 (kwiecień 2024): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2024.173.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: An academic medical library evaluated an EHR data abstraction service by assessing uptake and publication metrics, including use by department, purpose of data abstraction requests and publication counts. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The evaluation included 167 requests for EHR data processed by the institution’s clinical research data management unit (CRDMU) and recorded in an intake form hosted on REDCap. These requests originated from various departments. The intake forms collected investigator and study information, as well as request completion dates. Information in the intake forms were matched with publications and meeting abstracts that were indexed in a database of faculty publications. Investigators who submitted EHR data requests that could not be readily matched to publications were contacted to verify the status of their studies and any associated publications. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The evaluation included 167 data requests submitted to the CRDMU between 2016 and 2018. These requests were categorized into the following use cases: retrospective studies (n=93); patient recruitment (n=50); and 'other' (i.e., education, training, or process improvement; feasibility assessments; machine learning (n=14)). By the end of the evaluation period, an average of four years after the data requests were submitted to the CRDMU, 60 of all 167 EHR datasets (35.9%) led to publications as articles or meeting abstracts. 64.5% of the EHR datasets requested for retrospective studies, 56% of the datasets requested for recruitment, and 79.1% of datasets requested for other uses did not lead to publications. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings offer evidence that bibliometrics alone provide limited insight into the value of services and data utilized for secondary research. Data ecosystem stakeholders are encouraged to consider—and develop—scalable, reproducible, and more holistic assessments of the impact of their services.
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Kny, Katiuce Tomazi, i Maria Angélica Pires Ferreira. "PP434 Quality Of Studies Submitted To Support Requests For Medical Devices And Equipment Incorporation In A Teaching Hospital". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 36, S1 (grudzień 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462320001762.
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IntroductionIn hospitals with standardized processes of health technology assessment (HTA), clinical studies are usually required to support incorporation requests. Factors such as conflicts of interest and confirmation bias affect the quality of the evidence. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of studies submitted to the university hospital to support the incorporation of non-drugs technologies.MethodsAll submissions received from 2017 to 2019 were reviewed. Data about methodological quality of studies sent by requesters and their utilization of final recommendation were collected, as well as about studies retrieved during additional search performed by HTA. The Jadad and Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) scales were used for assessing the quality of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews (SRs), respectively.ResultsTwenty-one requests for incorporation of equipment were analyzed. The average number of studies attached was 4.5. In eight requests (53.3%), both SRs and RCTs were attached. In seven (46.7%) only low quality studies were included were included; additional search identified RCTs and SRs in four of these cases. According to the Jadad and AMSTAR scales, 60 percent of the submitted RCTs showed a high risk of bias, while 57 percent of the SRs showed moderate quality, respectively.ConclusionsThe best evidence is not always submitted during the incorporation request process. Requirements for studies of moderate-to-high quality to accept the incorporation demand could be helpful to avoid inefficiencies in hospital-based HTA.
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Dong, Shengli. "Assessing Workplace Accommodation Requests Among Older Workers". Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 61, nr 2 (15.02.2017): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034355216687286.
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As one ages, the chance of acquiring functional limitations increases dramatically. Thus, a remarkably high proportion of older workers will likely qualify for workplace accommodations. The current study aimed to gain an understanding of subgroups of older workers who were less likely to request and receive accommodations, associations of psychosocial factors (i.e., workplace supports, employees’ knowledge of the Americans With Disabilities Act [ADA] and accommodations, and whether an individual has a work goal) with requesting and receiving accommodations, and differences on these psychosocial factors within various demographic subgroups of older workers. Two hundred thirty-one individuals 50 years and older recruited from multiple national organizations and rehabilitation agencies participated in this study through an online survey. The study found that the psychosocial factors were positively associated with requesting and receiving accommodations. In addition, participants who were less likely to request and receive accommodations reported lower scores in the psychosocial factors. Practical implications for rehabilitation counselors and further research are discussed.
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Blouin, Gayle C., Christine Chio, E. Bridget Kim i David P. Ryan. "Evaluating adherence to off-label policy at an academic outpatient cancer center and assessing reimbursement of high-cost drugs." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, nr 31_suppl (1.11.2013): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.31_suppl.61.
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61 Background: An off-label policy was developed at Massachusetts General Hospital for drugs used in oncology to 1) ensure high quality standards across the cancer center, 2) promote safe and effective care and 3) demonstrate fiscal responsibility and accountability for drug costs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate adherence to the off-label policy around use of chemotherapy/biologics in outpatient oncology. The impact on pharmacy resources will also be evaluated. A secondary objective is to assess reimbursement of high cost drugs. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on all off-label requests submitted from May 1, 2012 through January, 2013 to evaluate adherence to policy. The following criteria were assessed: 1) submission at least 3 days in advance of scheduled treatment, 2) reference provided, 3) approval by clinical director and pharmacy, 4) order written as “Exception order,” and 5) reimbursement of high cost drugs without NCCN support (category 1 or 2A). Drugs evaluated for reimbursement included: bevacizumab, cetuximab, albumin-bound paclitaxel, rituximab, trastuzumab, liposomal doxorubicin, ipilimumab, brentuximab, bendamustine, and bortezomib. Data were also collected from electronic order entry reports, eMARs and hospital billing systems. Results: A total of 83 off-label requests were submitted and reviewed over study period. The majority of requests were written as “Exception orders” representing 2.1% of overall cycle 1 orders. Ninety-eight percent of requests were approved; 40% of requests fully met off-label policy criteria; 28% of requests were submitted without 3-day advance notification; of these, 57% were requested on day of scheduled treatment; 30% of requests were submitted without a reference. Thirty-three claims were evaluated for reimbursement; 91% were paid. Bevacizumab (n=22) was the most commonly requested high cost drug. Conclusions: Providers are generally adhering to the off-label policy. Opportunity exists to improve full adherence. This will ensure adequate time for pharmacy and finance review and avoid unnecessary delays in patient care. The majority of claims for high cost drugs were paid.
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Schwabe, Annette M., Lesley B. Olswang i Elinor Kriegsmann. "Requests for Information". Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 17, nr 1 (styczeń 1986): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.1701.38.
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Requesting information through interrogative forms is an important linguistic device for learning about the world. The literature has regarded information requests as a developmental phenomenon which reflects the contiguous emergence of linguistic, cognitive, and pragmatic constituent skills in a particularly supportive environment. This paper presents a review of the constituent skills and environmental factors which influence the initial onset and continued acquisition of requests for information in normally developing children. This review provides the foundation for a protocol for assessing and treating children who are impaired in requesting information. Specific assessment and treatment plans are suggested.
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MERT, Tuğba, Yasemen ÖZKAN, Muhsine ARSLAN i Aynur YÜCEL. "Verbal Order Process, Control and The Results Evaluation at a University Hospital". Artuklu International Journal of Health Sciences 2, nr 3 (23.12.2022): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.58252/artukluder.1167737.
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In hospitals, the immediate administration of the treatment recommended by the physician is important for the patient safety, quality patient care, not prolonging the hospitalization length and expense. When considering near-miss/happened medication administration error in patient safety, it is discovered that verbal requests also play a role. Aim: This study was conducted in a university hospital using a standardized verbal request process, control and result evaluation to identify problems that develop throughout the implementation process and to offer solutions. Design/Method: The study was carried out by retrospectively assessing verbal requests given between January and December 2019 in accordance with the standard of taking verbal request used in a 110-bed university hospital. The data were analyzed based on the department, the status of requests within and outside of working hours, the presence of the physician's signature on the form, academic staff, and the physician’s full-time/contracted job status. The SPSS 24 software was used to analyze the data. Results: It was established that a total of 2033 verbal requests were put in the hospital where this study was conducted; with medicine accounting for 51.6% (n=1048) of the verbal requests. It was determined that 53% (n=57) of the doctors who put in verbal requests were contracted, 47% (n=51) were permanent employees, and 50.6% (n=531) of the requests were given during working hours and 49.4% (n=517) were given outside of working hours. Conclusion: Considering the research results, it was detected that the number of signed verbal requests is low; that, despite the institution’s large number of contracted doctors, their own staff physicians use many verbal requests and do not sign the forms; and that more verbal requests are given during working hours.
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Musser, Linda R., i Barbara M. Coopey. "Impact of a Discovery System on Interlibrary Loan". College & Research Libraries 77, nr 5 (1.09.2016): 643–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.77.5.643.
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Web-scale discovery services such as Summon (Serial Solutions), WorldCat Local (OCLC), EDS (EBSCO), and Primo (Ex Libris) are often touted as a single search solution to connect users to library-owned and -licensed content, improving discoverability and retrieval of resources. Assessing how well these systems achieve this goal can be challenging, however. This article describes the use of interlibrary loan borrowing request data as a means to evaluate whether the Summon discovery system was achieving its goal of improving retrieval. Four years following implementation of the discovery system, there was a 22 percent decrease in interlibrary loan borrowing requests. Requests by undergraduates dropped at a higher rate than faculty, staff, and graduate students. Undergraduate requests for articles dropped more than requests for loans. Two years’ postimplementation of the discovery system, the number of interlibrary loan borrowing requests by undergraduates for locally owned or licensed materials dropped by 57 percent, freeing up interlibrary loan staff to expand services into new areas. This study indicates that implementation of a discovery system can lead to a reduction in interlibrary loan borrowing.
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Fong, Abigail, Kelly Lafaro, Arthur X. Li, Laleh Golkar Melstrom, Jenny Rodriguez, Karen L. Clark, Matthew J. Loscalzo i Susanne Warner. "Assessing hematologic ratios as biomarkers for psychosocial distress." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, nr 4_suppl (1.02.2019): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.4_suppl.699.
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699 Background: Psychosocial distress is common among cancer patients and has been shown to have deleterious effects on a patient’s quality of life, treatment, and outcomes. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-monocyte ratio (PMR) have been associated with poor outcomes in some cancers. Therefore we hypothesized that these ratios may be correlated to distress. This study looked at request for social work follow up as a surrogate marker for distress and investigated relationships between these ratios and markers of patient distress. Methods: A validated 48 item electronic distress screen was administered to patients in the medical and surgical oncology clinics of a large cancer center from 2009-2015. Patient requests for social work follow up were noted and patient charts reviewed for relevant labs and history. Patient demographics, NLR, LMR, PMR were reviewed. Chi-squared tests and univariate and multivariate regressions were performed to compare groups and relationships of variables and outcomes. Results: 43% of patients surveyed requested social work follow up. Of those, 75% received follow up, at a mean of 8 days. Non-Caucasian patients were more likely to request social work follow up (p = 0.03). Non-English speaking patients (p = 0.06) and those who saw medical oncologists trended towards significant desire for social work follow up. There was no significant correlation between NLR, PMR, LMR and desire to see a social worker. On multivariate analysis, patients with metastatic disease were less likely to want social work follow up (OR 0.43, 95% CI: 0.21-0.9, P = 0.02). Conclusions: In this study, non-white, non-English speaking patients, and those seeing medical oncologists were more likely to request social work follow up. We found no significant correlations between NLR, PMR, LMR and request for social work follow up. This suggests that desire for social work follow up is not a good correlate for physiologic distress in cancer patients. Further work is ongoing to provide better insight into determinants of psychosocial and physiologic stress in this patient population along with relevance of hematologic ratios.
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Mikolai, Imrich. "Opening Constructions in a Relation to Fire Safety of Building". Advanced Materials Research 855 (grudzień 2013): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.855.202.
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The contribution shows to some changes in requests assessing to doors from fire safety of building point of view. The contribution specifies new requests to doors in escape road, new requests to their equipment and also to their fitting. The contribution tells about requests to doors which stopping penetration of smoke in fire compartments. Requests follow mainly from current legislative regulations valid in the Slovak republic.
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Thiel, Hannah, Claudia Hess i Carsten Skerra. "Development of a Change Request Template for ERP Systems to Increase Time-Efficiency". European Conference on Management Leadership and Governance 18, nr 1 (4.11.2022): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/ecmlg.18.1.647.
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Market environments are changing at an increasingly exponential rate. Technological breakthroughs, the internet, globalization, and the consequential emergence of highly volatile and competitive markets have made managing a company more and more complex. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems support the successful management of businesses in such conditions. As the needs and expectations of markets are changing, so are the requirements for ERP systems; new or altered requirements are implemented continuously.
This paper explores how companies can become more time-efficient in their specification of change requests and whether methods from requirements engineering can be applied. In the practice of two sizeable German manufacturing companies, we observed that specifying change requests is time-consuming and inefficient. Sophisticated ERP systems are complex; thus, changes require a detailed description of requirements. In practice, the description often lacks information. This leads to reclarifications with the requestor, difficulties when assessing the expected benefits of change requests, and uncertainties concerning prioritization. Moreover, there is a risk of approval and development of changes that are not fully understood. Therefore, unwanted side effects harm the ERP system and require even more costly corrections later.
The methods and procedures are taken from the design science research; we intended to develop an artefact that supports companies to become more time-efficient in the process of describing, evaluating and prioritizing change requests. We interviewed experts from a large automotive supplier and analyzed the data through content analysis. The research concluded that some methods from requirements engineering can be applied to this context, such as the usage of requirements specification templates, quality criteria, and categorization of requirements. The primary results of this research are an artefact in the form of a new change request template for the use case of changing ERP systems. This template was applied in the automotive supplier's change request practice, where we also gathered feedback on the artefact. The conclusions from data and results of the involved parties reported that the new template increases transparency on what information is required and serves as a foundation for rejecting change requests lacking descriptions. Implications for further research are to increase transparency and additional guidance that already has successfully brought the intended benefit of saving time in this process.
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Son, Yoojeong, i Soo Jung Youn. "A task-based approach to teaching requests for EFL elementary school students". Korea Association of Primary English Education 29, nr 4 (31.12.2023): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25231/pee.2023.29.4.5.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate a task-based language teaching (TBLT) approach to teaching pragmatic competence for EFL elementary English learners focusing on requests. A series of 15 task-based lessons was developed to teach requests to 6th-grade English learners for eight weeks. In terms of choosing target request expressions, various request expressions were initially extracted from the English curriculum and textbooks and additional request strategies were added. Three target tasks that require request expressions were designed, incorporating pragmatic social variables such as power, distance, and imposition. Each task differed in terms of difficulty and complexity. Students’ pragmalinguistic competence and sociopragmatic competence were evaluated using a discourse completion test (DCT) as pre- and post-tests. Rating criteria, assessing pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic competence, were also developed and two raters evaluated the learners’ pragmatic production on DCT items to ensure inter-rater reliability. The findings revealed that the TBLT approach was effective in teaching EFL elementary school students’ request competence in terms of both pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic components. We discuss potential challenges and directions in teaching pragmatic competence for elementary school students in Korea.
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Sexton, Kevin, Amanda Johnson, Amanda Gotsch, Ahmed A. Hussein, Lora Cavuoto i Khurshid A. Guru. "Anticipation, teamwork and cognitive load: chasing efficiency during robot-assisted surgery". BMJ Quality & Safety 27, nr 2 (8.07.2017): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2017-006701.
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IntroductionRobot-assisted surgery (RAS) has changed the traditional operating room (OR), occupying more space with equipment and isolating console surgeons away from the patients and their team. We aimed to evaluate how anticipation of surgical steps and familiarity between team members impacted efficiency.MethodsWe analysed recordings (video and audio) of 12 robot-assisted radical prostatectomies. Any requests between surgeon and the team members were documented and classified by personnel, equipment type, mode of communication, level of inconvenience in fulfilling the request and anticipation. Surgical team members completed questionnaires assessing team familiarity and cognitive load (National Aeronautics and Space Administration – Task Load Index). Predictors of team efficiency were assessed using Pearson correlation and stepwise linear regression.Results1330 requests were documented, of which 413 (31%) were anticipated. Anticipation correlated negatively with operative time, resulting in overall 8% reduction of OR time. Team familiarity negatively correlated with inconveniences. Anticipation ratio, per cent of requests that were non-verbal and total request duration were significantly correlated with the console surgeons’ cognitive load (r=0.77, p=0.006; r=0.63, p=0.04; and r=0.70, p=0.02, respectively).ConclusionsAnticipation and active engagement by the surgical team resulted in shorter operative time, and higher familiarity scores were associated with fewer inconveniences. Less anticipation and non-verbal requests were also associated with lower cognitive load for the console surgeon. Training efforts to increase anticipation and team familiarity can improve team efficiency during RAS.
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Jatau E. D., Ma’an V. T., Ofakunrin A. O. D., Ntuhun B. D. i Damulak O. D. "Blood Transfusion Request and Utilization: The Trend in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in North Central Nigeria". International Blood Research & Reviews 14, nr 4 (5.10.2023): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ibrr/2023/v14i4323.
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Background: An effective blood transfusion service is anchored on an adequate supply of safe blood and its components as well as its accessibility and appropriate clinical use. There is a contrast in blood supplies and utilization between the high, middle and low-income countries necessitating the formulation of appropriate modalities to ensure judicious use of blood while minimizing wastage.
Aims: This study was aimed at assessing the blood transfusion request trend in our institution and its utilization with the intent of curtailing the wastage of safe blood for transfusion.
Study Design: It is a retrospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Jos University Teaching Hospital Blood Bank from January 2022 to December 2022.
Methodology: Appropriately filled blood transfusion request forms of the Jos University Teaching Hospital compared with the blood bank In-house records from January 2022 to December 2022 were reviewed. Request dates, requesting Department, Unit or Specialty, indications for request, Number of units requested, and number eventually utilized were used to determine blood transfusion indices which are indicative of efficient and significant blood use.
Results: Eight thousand, five hundred forty-eight (8,548) blood transfusion request forms from the blood bank and patients' folders were reviewed and compared with the Blood Bank's in-house records. Requests for blood transfusion for over 460 indications were received from twenty-six (26) departments and units. There was a general Crossmatch: Transfusion ratio (C: T) of 1.7 with a transfusion index (TI) of 1.2 and transfusion probability (TP) of 48.0%.
Conclusion: Transfusion requests were characterized by low utilization across departments and units. This calls for the establishment of a transfusion protocol for the determination of blood volume required for every indication so that this limited commodity will be made available and accessible when needed.
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Lanphier, Elizabeth, Luke Mosley i Armand H. Matheny Antommaria. "Assessing Visitor Policy Exemption Requests During the COVID-19 Pandemic". Pediatrics 148, nr 2 (14.05.2021): e2021051254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-051254.
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Green, Jeffrey A., Ashok K. Chawla i Phillip A. Fong. "Evaluating a restrictive formulary system by assessing nonformulary-drug requests". American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 42, nr 7 (1.07.1985): 1537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/42.7.1537.
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Jhanwar, Soumil. "The Fragmented Consent Framework to Understand Consolidated Arbitrations". Arbitration: The International Journal of Arbitration, Mediation and Dispute Management 89, Issue 3 (1.08.2023): 273–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/amdm2023020.
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The existing theories pertaining to joinders and consolidations in arbitration present two contrasting schools of thought for examining multi-party and multi-contract arbitration requests. This article critically analyses the two opposing schools’ examination of joinders and consolidations to demonstrate the inadequacy of both. After highlighting the dire need for development of a fresh theoretical framework for assessing requests for joinders and consolidations, this article builds on consent-based theories to develop a ‘fragmented consent framework’ to understand consolidated arbitrations. This framework breaks down a party’s consent to arbitrate into consent for four major elements of arbitration and highlights various reasons why ‘consent to opposing/other arbitrating parties’ ought to be considered irrelevant for multi-contract arbitration-related questions. It concludes by highlighting the relative superiority of the fragmented consent framework as a method of assessing joinder/ consolidation requests, as compared to the existing theories.
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Hostovsky Brandes, Tamar. "Between vowels and values: Education in religious communities". Journal of Law, Religion & State 1, nr 2 (2012): 117–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22124810-00102003.
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The present paper examines the issue of the extent of autonomy that religious minorities enjoy in the area of education, specifically in determining the curriculum that children belonging to religious minorities are required to study. Although there is an abundance of scholarship on the topic of exemptions from educational requirements, I am particularly interested in exploring two issues that are relatively neglected. The first regards the different types of rights based on which requests for exemptions are being made, specifically whether requests for exemptions based on religious liberty are different from those based on culture. I argue that requests based on religious obligations often take a more categorical form than claims based on the cultural aspects of religion. As a result, mitigating measures that fall short of exemptions, and which may be able to resolve claims based on culture, cannot resolve claims based on religious obligations. The second is whether the interest of the state in promoting social solidarity justifies, at least in some circumstances, rejecting claims for such exemptions. In examining claims for exemptions in the field of education, liberal scholars usually focus on the interest of the state in ensuring that citizens are self-sufficient and in instilling democratic values in them. The interest of the state in maintaining social solidarity is often overlooked. I argue that the interest of the state in maintaining social solidarity must be weighed separately from its interests in self-sufficiency and democracy. I suggest guidelines for assessing the effect that granting or rejecting a particular request for exemption may have on social solidarity. These guidelines include examining whether the exemption is requested by an individual or by a group, the scope of the exemption, and the nature of the educational material that the exemption covers.
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Arora, Neha, Andrea Incudine, Fumiko Chino, Katharine Winder i Bridgette Thom. "Assessing cancer-related financial support needs by household income." JCO Oncology Practice 19, nr 11_suppl (listopad 2023): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/op.2023.19.11_suppl.210.
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210 Background: Financial hardship associated with a cancer diagnosis can impact access to healthcare, treatment adherence, and overall quality of life. Family Reach, a national nonprofit, offers direct financial assistance grants for both medical and nonmedical expenses. Our analysis aimed to assess financial hardship, essential needs, and specific assistance requests amongst grant applicants based on household income level. Methods: Data from applications in March 2021-February 2022 were analyzed using descriptive statistics and univariate tests. Household income was assessed across 3 categories of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL): <150% of FPL, 150-250% of FPL, and >250% of FPL. Associations between FPL and race/ethnicity, gender, insurance, phase of treatment, self-reported financial concerns, and assistance requests were characterized. Results: 4077 patients with cancer applied for assistance in the 12-month period; 2398 (59%) were <150% FPL, 845 (21%) were 150-250% FPL, and 834 (20%) were >250% FPL. Common diagnoses included leukemia (25%), breast (19%), and brain (7%). 57% applicants were female and 42% male; racial/ethnic identity included 43% Non-Hispanic White, 24% Non-Hispanic Black, and 19% Hispanic/Latinx. 89% of applicants reported undergoing active treatment, with 7% in monitoring and follow-up. Lower household income was associated with more food insecurity, higher risk of utilities and phone being shut-off, and increased risk of homelessness (p<0.001). Requests for unexpected aid, childcare, funeral expenses, and public transportation were all less common in higher income groups compared to those with incomes <150% FPL. Requests for assistance with medical expenses and car payments/insurance were more common for those with higher household income. Conclusions: This analysis of patients with cancer who applied for financial assistance shows that support needs vary significantly by household income; families affected by cancer close to the poverty threshold had significant difficulties meeting essential needs, including food and shelter. Lack of individualized interventions may decrease effectiveness of aid and fail to fill gaps in financial coverage. Programs like Family Reach can serve as a blueprint for future individualized aid distribution to address financial barriers to optimal cancer outcomes.[Table: see text]
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Marques, J., M. Silva i C. Laureano. "Mind the gap! the lack of concordance in diagnostic in liaison psychiatry in a portuguese hospital". European Psychiatry 64, S1 (kwiecień 2021): S653—S654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1735.
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IntroductionNeurosciences evolved very rapidly in last few years and helped the establishment of Liaison Psychiatry as a fundamental part of the general hospitals functioning. However, the use of this department by the other specialties still needs to be refined, as it is common to find wrong assessments in the referral of the patients.ObjectivesWe aim to study the concordance between the referral motives and the assessment by the psychiatry team.MethodsData was collected through the informatic registry. Contains patient data observed by a liaison psychiatrist in the period between 1st of July and 30th of September of 2020. In this period there were 80 requests, of which, 6 were refused for various reasons. We decided to study the concordance when one of these symptoms were in the request: anxious symptoms, depressive symptoms, psychotic symptoms and psychomotor agitation. 46 requests met this criteria.ResultsThe mean age was 63,3yo and 46% were older than 65yo. Most were women (54%) and 68% had history of psychiatry disorder. About 50% were requests from the Medicine wards. The concordance between the medical request and the psychiatry assessment was higher for psychomotor agitation (n=11; 64%) and depressive symptoms (n=23; 57%), but it was lower in anxious symptoms (n=3; 33%) and in psychotic symptoms (n=9; 33%). Most common diagnosis was delirium.ConclusionsNon-psychiatrist doctors appear to have more difficulty when assessing anxious and psychotic symptoms. Those concordance percentages are in line with recent research. Actions should be taken to improve this, like academic training and standardization of referral.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Borowiec, Marcin, i Tomasz Rak. "Advanced Examination of User Behavior Recognition via Log Dataset Analysis of Web Applications Using Data Mining Techniques". Electronics 12, nr 21 (25.10.2023): 4408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12214408.
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As web systems based on containerization increasingly attract research interest, the need for effective analytical methods has heightened, with an emphasis on efficiency and cost reduction. Web client simulation tools have been utilized to further this aim. While applying machine learning (ML) methods for anomaly detection in requests is prevalent, predicting patterns in web datasets is still a complex task. Prior approaches incorporating elements such as URLs, content from web pages, and auxiliary features have not provided any satisfying results. Moreover, such methods have not significantly improved the understanding of client behavior and the variety of request types. To overcome these shortcomings, this study introduces an incremental approach to request categorization. This research involves an in-depth examination of various established classification techniques, assessing their performance on a selected dataset to determine the most effective model for classification tasks. The utilized dataset comprises 8 million distinct records, each defined by performance metrics. Upon conducting meticulous training and testing of multiple algorithms from the CART family, Extreme Gradient Boosting was deemed to be the best-performing model for classification tasks. This model outperforms prediction accuracy, even for unrecognized requests, reaching a remarkable accuracy of 97% across diverse datasets. These results underline the exceptional performance of Extreme Gradient Boosting against other ML techniques, providing substantial insights for efficient request categorization in web-based systems.
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Krishna, Lalit Kumar Radha, Sumytra Menon i Ravindran Kanesvaran. "Applying the welfare model to at-own-risk discharges". Nursing Ethics 24, nr 5 (16.12.2015): 525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733015617340.
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“At-own-risk discharges” or “self-discharges” evidences an irretrievable breakdown in the patient–clinician relationship when patients leave care facilities before completion of medical treatment and against medical advice. Dissolution of the therapeutic relationship terminates the physician’s duty of care and professional liability with respect to care of the patient. Acquiescence of an at-own-risk discharge by the clinician is seen as respecting patient autonomy. The validity of such requests pivot on the assumptions that the patient is fully informed and competent to invoke an at-own-risk discharge and that care up to the point of the at-own-risk discharge meets prevailing clinical standards. Palliative care’s use of a multidisciplinary team approach challenges both these assumptions. First by establishing multiple independent therapeutic relations between professionals in the multidisciplinary team and the patient who persists despite an at-own-risk discharge. These enduring therapeutic relationships negate the suggestion that no duty of care is owed the patient. Second, the continued employ of collusion, familial determinations, and the circumnavigation of direct patient involvement in family-centric societies compromises the patient’s decision-making capacity and raises questions as to the patient’s decision-making capacity and their ability to assume responsibility for the repercussions of invoking an at-own-risk discharge. With the validity of at-own-risk discharge request in question and the welfare and patient interest at stake, an alternative approach to assessing at-own-risk discharge requests are called for. The welfare model circumnavigates these concerns and preserves the patient’s welfare through the employ of a multidisciplinary team guided holistic appraisal of the patient’s specific situation that is informed by clinical and institutional standards and evidenced-based practice. The welfare model provides a robust decision-making framework for assessing the validity of at-own-risk discharge requests on a case-by-case basis.
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S. D., Manjula, Poulami D., Shamee Shastry, Vasanthalakshmi K. i Deepika Chenna. "A cross-sectional survey of platelet transfusion practices from a tertiary care center". Biomedicine 43, nr 02 (4.05.2023): 664–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v43i02.2326.
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Introduction and Aim: Platelets are precious blood components with a very short shelf life of only 5 days. Appropriate usage is essential for judicial utilization of these components. Blood utilization metrics help in assessing the demand and understanding the utilization pattern of blood components and in improving transfusion practices. This study aims to audit and evaluate the platelet transfusion metrics and to know the utilization pattern of platelet transfusion practices at our center. Methods: This was a retrospective observational audit conducted over a period of 6 months to evaluate the transfusion requests received for platelet transfusion and to understand the utilization pattern across various specialties. Results: Platelet transfusions were done only in about half the requests received 855/1543(55.4%) comprising 92% of Random Donor Platelet products and in the remaining Single donor platelet were transfused. The pre-transfusion platelet counts were documented in 1007(62.26%) of the request forms received. The utilization of platelet components was highest in General Medicine (29.6% SDP, 37.23% RDP) and Medical Oncology (40.8% SDP; 30.65% RDP). Conclusion: Training and education at regular intervals about transfusion guidelines is essential for improvement of overall patient management. A standby order for platelet transfusion requests in par with type and screen of red cell components may help in better utilization of this valuable resource.
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Hammad, Eman A., Sinaa Al-Aqeel, Eman Elayah i Deema Jaber. "Assessing content and factors influencing responses to information requests in community pharmacies in Jordan: A simulated patients study". PLOS ONE 17, nr 2 (18.02.2022): e0264224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264224.
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Objectives To assess the management of requests for information about a prescription only medicine (simvastatin for treatment of dyslipidemia) by pharmacy staff in community settings and explore the factors influencing the information content. Methods A cross sectional study conducted using the stimulated patient (SP) method between November 2018 and May 2019. The SP conveyed the request at the beginning of the encounter in a standardized way based on predetermined plots and was instructed to ask the pharmacy staff directly if information was not discussed spontaneously. After the visit, the SP provided written feedback including information about the scenario and a copy of individualized feedback. The study was reported according to the checklist for reporting research using simulated patient methodology (CRiSP). Factors influencing information content with or without information demand were investigated. Results A total of 55 visits were analyzed. The average content score for the information discussed spontaneously was 16.2% with the standard deviation (SD) equal to15.6. The score improved significantly after information was demanded by the SP; the average total information content score became 34.4% (SD = 16) with p < 0.001. The score of information discussed spontaneously was higher for male pharmacy staff, older age, more experience, and a Pharm D degree. When the SP prompted or demanded for information, older pharmacy staff with more experience and with a college degree scored higher. Independent pharmacies, longer visit durations, and less distraction were associated significantly with higher information scores Pharmacy staff aged 35–39 and those with 6–10 years of experience were significant contributors to spontaneous discussion of information with p values = 0.003 and 0.013, respectively. After the SP demanded information, pharmacy staff with less than 5 years of experience and greater confidence as well as longer visits were positively predicting higher information scores with p values of 0.049, 0.04, and 0.04, respectively. Conclusions Information provided by community pharmacists responding to information requests about prescription only medications was found to be suboptimal. Patient requests for information were found to be a positive driver for better information content. Further research of mixed methodologies is required to clarify the factors and motivators enabling information exchange in community settings and to outline true training needs.
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Werth, James L., G. Andrew H. Benjamin i Tony Farrenkopf. "Requests for physician-assisted death: Guidelines for assessing mental capacity and impaired judgment." Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 6, nr 2 (2000): 348–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1076-8971.6.2.348.
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Serrano-Gomez, Luis, i Jose Ignacio Muñoz-Hernandez. "Risk Influence Analysis Assessing the Profitability of Large Photovoltaic Plant Construction Projects". Sustainability 12, nr 21 (3.11.2020): 9127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219127.
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The global energy system is in a phase of change for power generation technologies which involve traditional fossil fuel-based technologies to renewable energy-based systems, thanks to lower construction costs, mainly for photovoltaic energy, and changes in countries’ energy policies. In the case of Spain, both factors have led to a reactivation of renewable technologies, which can be found from the data on requests for access and connection to the electricity transmission network that are being processed in Red Eléctrica de España (REE). The requests that were granted access to the network exceeded 100 GW of power in November 2019 alone, and the companies which made the requests must commence electricity production by 2025. During the early stage of approval considerations, it is necessary to carry out an influence study of the risks that can already be identified, as this would enable determining the effects of these risks on the project’s main financial parameters. Based on a risk identification for similar prior projects, experts are typically asked to make their judgments on the influence of such risks on the main economic variables of a project, focusing on the project’s cost, time, and scope. By applying the fuzzy sets, these judgments can be transformed into triangular values that, through Monte Carlo simulation, allow us to assess the influence of these risks on the main financial parameters: the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and payback (PB); as a result of obtaining these parameters, a response to project risks can be planned. To check the functionality of the model, it was applied to a case study involving a construction project for a 250 MW photovoltaic plant located in Murcia (Spain). The application of this methodology allowed us to determine which evaluation criteria are most appropriate based on the philosophy of the PMO (Project Management Office) and the data that were obtained.
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Quinn, Aaron. "The Arbitrariness of Faith-Based Medical Exemptions". Religions 14, nr 7 (19.07.2023): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14070934.
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There are a variety of reasons for which one might claim an exemption from a public health mandate such as a required COVID-19 vaccine. Good-faith exemption requests—for medical, religious, or other reasons—are generally recognized as legitimate and granted to individuals when the imposition of the mandate on the requestor is perceived to outweigh the corresponding risk their lack of vaccination poses to the health and rights of others. This paper develops a method of analysis rooted in Western analytic philosophy designed to examine these issues and arrive at a framework for assessing the scientific, moral, and religious claims for exemptions from COVID-19 vaccinations. I argue that some empirical and moral beliefs are epistemically superior to others when they have a correspondence with agreed-upon facts about the world, are grounded in shared human experience, employ strong and substantive reasons for their claims, and embrace common convictions evidenced in the character of moral agents. Such facts must be demonstrable in the form of observably verifiable evidence and reliable testimony. Only then should a request for an exemption to an otherwise-required public health mandate (including a vaccine) be recognized. The alternative creates various difficulties, including the problem of moral arbitrariness.
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Varaklis, Kalli, Mark G. Parker, Jordan S. Peck i Robert G. Bing-You. "Aligning Strategic Interests in an Academic Medical Center: A Framework for Evaluating GME Expansion Requests". Journal of Graduate Medical Education 11, nr 1 (1.02.2019): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-18-00730.1.
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ABSTRACT Background In 2017, the Maine Medical Center Graduate Medical Education Committee received an unprecedented number of requests (n = 18) to start new graduate medical education (GME) programs or expand existing programs. There was no process by which multiple programs could be prioritized to compete for scarce GME resources. Objective We developed a framework to strategically assess and prioritize GME program expansion requests to yield the greatest benefits for patients, learners, and the institution as well as to meet regional and societal priorities. Methods A systems engineering methodology called tradespace exploration was applied to a 6-step process to identify relevant categories and metrics. Programs' final scores were peer evaluated, and prioritization recommendations were made. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relevance of each category to final scores. Stakeholder feedback was solicited for process refinement. Results Five categories relevant to GME expansion were identified: institutional priorities, health care system priorities, regional and societal needs, program quality, and financial considerations. All categories, except program quality, correlated well with final scores (R2 range 0.413–0.662). Three of 18 requested programs were recommended for funding. A stakeholder survey revealed that almost half of respondents (48%, 14 of 29) agreed that the process was unbiased and inclusive. Focus group feedback noted that the process had been rigorous and deliberate, although communication could have been improved. Conclusions Applying a systems engineering approach to develop institution-specific metrics for assessing GME expansion requests provided a reproducible framework, allowing consideration of institutional, health care system, and regional societal needs, as well as program quality and funding considerations.
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Ranta, Annemarei, Mark Weatherall, John Gommans, Murray Tilyard, Des Odea i Susan Dovey. "Appropriateness of general practitioner imaging requests for transient ischaemic attack patients: secondary analysis of a cluster randomised controlled trial". Journal of Primary Health Care 9, nr 2 (2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc17005.
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Abstract AIMS Many transient ischaemic attack (TIA) patients receive initial assessments by general practitioners (GPs). In a randomised controlled trial (RCT) we showed that BPAC Inc. TIA/stroke electronic decision support (EDS) for GPs improves patient outcomes and guideline adherence. This secondary analysis assesses the impact of trial associated enhanced GP access to radiological investigation. METHODS Post-hoc analysis of a multi-centre, single blind, parallel group, cluster RCT comparing TIA/stroke EDS guided GP management with usual care to assess whether imaging requests and their appropriateness differed between study groups. RESULTS GPs requested 15/291 (5.2%) carotid ultrasounds and 19/291 (6.5%) computed tomography (CT) head scans. Scans were obtained more frequently in the intervention group (ultrasound cluster adjusted OR (95% CI) 1.41 (0.44 to 4.49), P = 0.56 and CT 13.8 (1.7 to 110.7), P < 0.001). All CTs were clinically appropriate. More ultrasounds were appropriate in the EDS group (cluster adjusted OR (95% CI) of 8.4 (0.39 to 92.3), P = 0.18). Overall investigation costs did not differ between groups (P = 0.83). Some apparent avoidable imaging duplication occurred where patients were subsequently assessed by secondary services. CONCLUSION In the setting of a RCT assessing GP electronic decision support, frequency of GP initiated imaging requests was low and largely appropriate especially in the setting of EDS use. Thus enhanced GP imaging access as part of the EDS tool did not result in inappropriate or excessive GP imaging requests. However, some duplication occurred and practitioners need to ensure that test referrals and results are adequately communicated between sectors.
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Athanasiadou, Rodoniki, Adriana Bankston, McKenzie Carlisle, Caroline A. Niziolek i Gary S. McDowell. "Assessing the landscape of US postdoctoral salaries". Studies in Graduate and Postdoctoral Education 9, nr 2 (19.11.2018): 213–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sgpe-d-17-00048.
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Purpose Postdocs make up a significant portion of the biomedical workforce. However, data about the postdoctoral position are generally scarce, and no systematic study of the landscape of individual postdoc salaries in the USA has previously been carried out. The purpose of this study was to assess actual salaries for postdocs using data gathered from US public institutions; determine how these salaries may vary with postdoc title, institutional funding and geographic region; and reflect on which institutional and federal policy measures may have the greatest impact on salaries nationally. Design/methodology/approach Freedom of Information Act Requests were submitted to US public universities or university systems containing campuses with at least 300 science, engineering and health postdocs, according to the 2015 National Science Foundation’s Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering. Salaries and job titles of postdocs as of December 1, 2016, were requested. Findings Salaries and job titles for nearly 14,000 postdocs at 52 US institutions around December 1, 2016, were received. Individual postdoc names were also received for approximately 7,000 postdocs, and departmental affiliations were received for 4,000 postdocs. This exploratory study shows evidence of a postdoc gender pay gap, a significant influence of job title on postdoc salary and a complex relationship between salaries and the level of institutional National Institutes of Health/NSF funding. Originality/value These results provide insights into the ability of institutions to collate and report out annualized salary data on their postdocs, highlighting difficulties faced in tracking and reporting data on this population by institutional administration. Ultimately, these types of efforts, aimed at increasing transparency regarding the postdoctoral position, may lead to improved support for postdocs at all US institutions and allow greater agency for postdocs making decisions based on financial concerns.
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Warner, Patrick. "Measuring the Effectiveness of Queen Elizabeth II Library Document Delivery Operations Before and After the Implementation of Relais International’s Enterprise Document Delivery Software". Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 2, nr 2 (5.06.2007): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8gp4h.
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Objective - To compare the performance of the Queen Elizabeth II Document Delivery operation before and after the implementation of Relais International’s Enterprise document delivery software.
Methods - This paper employs methodology established in the Association of Research Libraries’ 1998 publication, “Measuring the Performance of Interlibrary Loan Operations” and repeated in ARL’s “Assessing ILL/DD Services: New Cost- Effective Alternatives,” published in 2004. In both studies, three measures were used to evaluate the efficiency of document delivery operations: fill rate, turnaround time and direct costs. Both studies offer ARL benchmark or mean scores for each efficiency measure. This paper compares Queen Elizabeth II Document Delivery (QEII/DD) scores for each efficiency measure with those reported in both ARL studies.
Results - Data for the two periods under review, 1999-2000 and 2004-2005, indicate that Borrowing fill rates remained relatively stable, showing only a 3% drop in the latter year, while lending fill rates showed a significant increase (11%). Turnaround times for filled QEII/DD borrowing returnable requests were faster on average by 4.2 days or 24%. Turnaround times for QEII/DD non-returnable borrowing requests also show improvement: a filled non-returnable request was faster on average by 1 day or 12%. The average cost of a QEII/DD borrowing request has remained stable: $22.82 in 1999-2000 and $22.61 in 2004-2005. In contrast, the average cost of a QEII/DD lending request has increased slightly: from $11.08 in 1999-2000 to $13.12 in 2004-2005.
Conclusion - Both the implementation of Relais document delivery software and the delivery of returnables (loans) by courier between consortium members have allowed the QEII/DD unit to post modest gains in both fill rates and per unit costs and more substantive gains in turnaround time.
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Gill, Gurleen, Jessie Willis i Erin Keely. "Assessing Quality of Thyroid Referral Requests from Primary Care Providers to Endocrinologists in Ottawa". Canadian Journal of Diabetes 45, nr 7 (listopad 2021): S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2021.09.122.
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Smith, Helen, David Wright, Peter White i Michael Moore. "To collaborate, or not to collaborate?: the WReN Rapid Guide to assessing research requests". Primary Health Care Research and Development 4, nr 1 (1.01.2003): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1463423603pc129oa.
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Ohta, S. "CNF-SAT modelling for banyan-type networks and its application for assessing the rearrangeability". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2090, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2090/1/012133.
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Abstract A banyan-type network is a switching network, which is constructed by placing unit switches with two inputs and two outputs in s (s > 1) stages. In each stage, 2 n – 1 (n > 1) unit switches are aligned. Past studies conjecture that this network becomes rearrangeable when s ≥ 2n-1. Although a considerable number of theoretical analyses have been done, the rearrangeability of the banyan-type network with 2n – 1 or more stages is not completely proved. As a tool to assess the rearrangeability, this study presents a CNF-SAT (conjunctive normal form - satisfiability) modelling scheme for banyan-type networks. In the proposed scheme, the routing is formulated to a SAT problem represented in CNF. By feeding the problem to a SAT solver, it is found whether the problem is satisfiable or unsatisfiable. If the problem is unsatisfiable for a certain request, the network is not rearrangeable. By contrast, if the problem is satisfiable for any requests, the network is rearrangeable. This study applies the CNF-SAT modelling scheme to various configurations of 2n – 1 stage banyan-type networks. These networks are assessed for rearrangeability by solving the SAT problems. The proposed method will be helpful to conduct future theoretical studies on banyan-type networks.
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Voevodin, V. A., D. S. Burenok i V. S. Cherniaev. "Monte Carlo method for solving the problem of predicting the computer network resistance against DoS attacks". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2099, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2099/1/012069.
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Abstract The application of the Monte Carlo method to solving the problem of identifying and assessing the protection against DDoS attacks of weak nodes is considered. The field of research is of practical and theoretical interest, since the methods developed by the classical theory of reliability are focused on simple, stationary flows. Under the conditions of DDoS attacks, the flow of attacking requests is not stationary, so the known analytical models give an unacceptable error. For the reliability of the results, the freedom to choose the distribution function, the moments of arrival of the attacking requests, their duration and the response of the attacked node is required. The method is applicable for modelling a computer network when organizing an information security audit.
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Washington, Anne L. "Uncertain risk: assessing open data signals". Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 14, nr 4 (17.06.2020): 623–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-09-2019-0086.
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Purpose Open data resources contain few signals for assessing their suitability for data analytics. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the uncertainty experienced by open data consumers with a framework based on economic theory. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on information asymmetry theory about market exchanges, this paper investigates the practical challenges faced by data consumers seeking to reuse open data. An inductive qualitative analysis of over 2,900 questions asked between 2013 and 2018 on an internet forum identified how a community of 15,000 open data consumers expressed uncertainty about data sources. Findings Open data consumers asked direct questions that expressed uncertainty about the availability, interoperability and interpretation of data resources. Questions focused on future value and some requests were devoted to seeking data that matched known sources. The study proposes a data signal framework that explains uncertainty about open data within the context of control and visibility. Originality/value The proposed framework bridges digital government practice to information signaling theory. The empirical evidence substantiates market aspects of open data portals. This paper provided a needed case study of how data consumers experience uncertainty. The study integrates established theories about risk to improve the reuse of open data.
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Ogneva, E. N. "CONSUMER REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRONIC INFORMATION SERVICES AS A BASIS FOR ASSESSING THEIR QUALITY". Proceedings of SPSTL SB RAS, nr 2 (12.12.2019): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7515-2019-2-40-43.
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Issues of assessing the quality of electronic information services of libraries are considered. The importance of taking into account consumer requirements for information services for managing the quality of customer service is noted. The concept of the quality of library information service is characterized as an applied concept related to the requests and expectations of the user to whom the service is provided. Consumer requirements for electronic information services, highlighted by library and information specialists, as well as specialists in the field of qualimetry, are described.
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Albers, Albert, Natalie Peglow i Markus Spadinger. "Interdependencies Within the System of Objectives of a Product Generation in Industrial Practice". Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, nr 1 (lipiec 2019): 1185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.124.
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AbstractOne challenge in product development is the megatrend of product individualization in the automotive supplier industry. Requirements for a variant by the customer may differ from those by the provider wherefore conflicting goals can arise. To cope with variant requests in the quotation phase systematically, a method to evaluate variants is necessary. Based on evaluation criteria the requirements from the stakeholders are valued. While evaluating, an already criterion can have an impact on assessing the remaining criteria. For this reason, the present investigation emphases the interdependencies between the evaluation criteria in industrial practice representing interdependencies within goals, requirements and boundary conditions in an early stage of product development. Analysing decisive factors supports to identify subsequent activities in the development process of a variant. Experts of an international automotive supplier developed impact matrices and a scenario technique tool is used to interpret the matrices. In context of the model of PGE - Product Generation Engineering, findings derive to ensure a comprehensive basis for decision-making concerning a variant-request.
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FIORE, BETH J., LAWRENCE P. HANRAHAN i HENRY A. ANDERSON. "STATE HEALTH DEPARTMENT RESPONSE TO DISEASE CLUSTER REPORTS: A PROTOCOL FOR INVESTIGATION". American Journal of Epidemiology 132, supp1 (1.07.1990): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115776.
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Abstract State health departments are increasingly faced with the task of responding to reports of apparent cancer and other disease clusters. Since 1979, 141 requests for investigation have been received by the Wisconsin Division of Health, with over 60% of these requests occurring since 1985. Mounting public concern and limited resources have resulted in the development of a “disease cluster investigation and analysis protocol.” Protocol steps include: 1) circumscribing the cluster; 2) ascertaining cases; 3) assessing risk of the exposed versus a referent population; 4) statistically analyzing disease rates; 5) examining potential exposure; 6) assessing biologic plausibility; 7) determining cluster significance and need for further investigation; and 8) reporting results. To demonstrate the protocol, the authors present a case example of an investigation of an apparent cancer cluster. Since 1979, 62 reports were resolved with initial contact with informant education (step 1), 61 reports required descriptive analysis (steps 1-8) with no site visit, and 18 reports required site visits. None of the reports required further in-depth epldemiologic investigation. This protocol provides a systematic approach to investigation and analysis, prioritizes the need for more in-depth study, and, when necessary, assuages community concerns when a disease cluster is reported.
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Bawden, David, Andrew Calvert, Lyn Robinson, Christine Urquhart, Colin Bray i John Amosford. "Understanding our value; assessing the nature of the impact of library services". Library and Information Research 33, nr 105 (2.02.2010): 62–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/lirg115.
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This paper reports an approach to assessing the nature of the impact and benefit of library services, based on the concepts introduced in Urquhart's Value Project for healthcare information services. Two studies are described and compared. A project in the City of London public library service examined the benefits obtained from specific information requests. A project in several public library services in South West England examined the value obtained from the borrowing and reading of books, linking this with categories of learning objectives. These studies showed the promise, and also the difficulties, of adapting existing impact frameworks to understand the nature of the impact and value of library services
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Buranova, Marina, i Vyacheslav Kartashevskiy. "Analysis of the call delay time in a PCS switch using OpenFlow technology". Telecom IT 10, nr 1 (15.06.2022): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/2307-1303-2022-10-1-9-20.
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Analysis of the parameters of the functioning of software-defined networks is very relevant. There are many approaches using the methods of queuing theory to evaluate the processing quality parameters in the G/G/1 system. At this stage of development of infocommunication networks, it is required to develop analytical models that allow assessing the parameters of the quality of service for traffic in software-defined networks.
In the paper, analytical expressions are obtained that allow estimating the average waiting time for a request in the SDN switch using the mathematical apparatus of the queuing theory based on the analysis of the drive. In this case, random time intervals between incoming requests have a hyperexponential distribution. A queuing system of the H2/G/1/∞ type was used as a model. A mixture of exponential distributions makes it possible to take into account the fractal properties of the sequence of random time intervals between incoming requests, the “heavy tail” of the initial simulated distribution, and the correlation properties of the considered time intervals.
The paper compares the results of calculating the waiting time of a claim in the storage for the H2/G/1/∞ system with the result for the G/G/1/∞ system, which is approximated by a queue model of the P/W/1/∞ type, where the average waiting time is estimated applications in the queue were carried out on the basis of solving the Lindley equation by the spectral method. It is shown that the obtained results are consistent.
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Oost, Tabitha I. "From “Leader to Pariah”? On the Dutch Restitutions Committee and the inclusion of the public interest in assessing Nazi-spoliated art claims". International Journal of Cultural Property 28, nr 1 (luty 2021): 55–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739121000072.
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AbstractThis article considers the recent and vigorous critique of the Dutch restitution policy on Nazi-looted art in connection with the inclusion of what has been termed the “public interest” in the applicable substantive assessment framework. This assessment framework is entirely based on morally induced policy rules, and it allows the Dutch Restitutions Committee to advise on requests for restitution based on a weighing of interests, including the significance of the work to a museum or public art collection. Although one might question the appropriateness of such interests in a framework designed to remedy historic injustices, it remains to be seen whether this critique is entirely justified. Recent recommendations issued by the Dutch Restitutions Committee indicate that it takes a generous, rather than strict, approach when dealing with requests for restitution. All in all, it seems that both institutional and substantive vulnerability are inevitable if one embarks on a morally induced framework based on mere policy rules rather than legal rules.
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Da Ponte, Monica, Megan Foley i Charles H. Cho. "Assessing the Degree of Sustainability Integration in Canadian Public Sector Procurement". Sustainability 12, nr 14 (9.07.2020): 5550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145550.
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The purpose of this study was to identify the current state of sustainability integration into Canadian government procurement and make recommendations on how to deepen current integration in order to accelerate the advancement of existing sustainability goals. We reviewed 50 publicly available Requests for Proposals (RFPs) issued between 2016 and 2019 and evaluated the significance of sustainability integration and the expanse of considerations using two measurement schemes. Our analysis suggests that sustainability integration into RFPs is currently superficial with limited integration into the evaluation process. We also found that the integration of sustainability was narrow with significant gaps in the breadth of environmental and social impact areas that were considered. As such, we provide insights and recommendations that will enable governments to accelerate the advancement of sustainability through the use of procurement.
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Yackee, Susan Webb. "Hidden Politics? Assessing Lobbying Success During US Agency Guidance Development". Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 30, nr 4 (20.03.2020): 548–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaa009.
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Abstract I test the proposition that interest groups achieve greater policy success when they lobby during the agency guidance document development process as opposed to the notice and comment process. Policymaking via guidance documents often receives lower levels of public attention, which provides greater flexibility to accommodate lobbying requests. I analyze the hypothesis during the creation of 41 rules by one US government agency—20 of which were promulgated using the notice and comment process and 21 via the guidance document process. I measure regulatory policy change using a content analysis of government documents and lobbying texts, and I also incorporate a telephone survey of interest groups who lobbied on these same rules. I find that interest groups perceive—and achieve—greater policy success when lobbying during the agency guidance process. The results yield new insights into the relationship between lobbying and regulatory policymaking.
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Nemani, Abhishek K., William D. Grant i Léon-Paul Noël. "Education and Training of Referring Physicians Decreases At-Home Call Demand". Journal of Graduate Medical Education 5, nr 1 (1.03.2013): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-11-00317.1.
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Abstract Background Excessive, sometimes unnecessary consultation challenges the ophthalmology resident's ability to obtain adequate rest and personal time while taking at-home calls. Basic training of nonophthalmologists in assessing and treating common ophthalmic emergencies offers a potential solution to this problem by providing primary caregivers the knowledge base, tools, and confidence to manage them independently. Objective We measured ophthalmic consultation requests at a large teaching institution and the impact of an educational intervention on the number and type of requests. Methods During a 31-day period in 2009 all requests for urgent ophthalmic consultation were logged and characterized by reason, urgency, and source of the call. A 3-part educational intervention was targeted to residents and attending physicians in the departments of emergency medicine (half-day lecture and practice), anesthesiology (grand rounds lecture), and otolaryngology (guidelines for traumatic orbital fractures). Six months later we conducted a 26-day call log to evaluate the impact. Results Pre intervention, we received 63 total and 56 after-hours calls for urgent ophthalmic consultation as compared to 39 total and 35 after-hours calls post intervention. Ophthalmology residents reported seeing more urgent and fewer nonessential consultations in the postintervention period, and there was greater agreement between calling physicians' initial diagnosis and consulting physicians' final diagnosis. No adverse patient outcomes occurred as a result of the change in practices. Conclusion Basic education of nonophthalmologists in ophthalmic diagnostic and treatment concepts, through relatively brief educational interventions, was associated with a decrease in total consultation requests and more appropriate consultations in this pilot study at a single institution.
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Janca, A., i Z. Lyons. "Assessing mental health in Aboriginal youth". European Psychiatry 65, S1 (czerwiec 2022): S138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.375.
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Introduction The assessment of social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB) among Aboriginal people in Australia and elsewhere is complex and challenging task. A culturally appropriate tool for screening SEWB among Aboriginal adults known as the Here and Now Aboriginal Assessment (HANAA) has been developed and evaluated. The HANAA is based on exploring key domains of Aboriginal concept of SEWB and is based on a yarning process aimed to initiate a semi-structured interview that covers each domain. Over the last ten years the HANAA has been widely used by Aboriginal mental health service providers around Australia and elsewhere. Objectives There have been multiple requests by service providers for a similar tool to be developed for young Aboriginal people. The aim of this study was to develop a youth version of the HANAA. Methods A Working Group was established to guide the development of the youth HANAA. This work included discussion of assessment domains, prompt words and other adolescent specific considerations that were needed. The evlauation process was also discussed. Results The adult version of HANAA was well accepted by participants. Reliability was good with kappa agreements between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal interviewers ranging from 0.5 to 1.0. Agreement between interviewers and treating clinicians on ecommended course of action was good. Conclusions Based on the previous field test results, it is expected that the youth HANAA will also be a culturally appropriate and useful tool which can be used by a range of service providers with differing levels of mental health training to assess SEWB among young Aboriginal people. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Li, Ping, Fan Zhang, Anya Yu i Xiaowei Zhao. "Language History Questionnaire (LHQ3): An enhanced tool for assessing multilingual experience". Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23, nr 5 (22.04.2019): 938–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728918001153.
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AbstractThe language history questionnaire (LHQ) is an important tool for assessing the linguistic background and language proficiency of multilinguals or second language learners. Previously we developed a generic LHQ based on the most commonly asked questions in published studies (Li, Sepanski & Zhao, 2006) and provided a web-based interface (LHQ 2.0) that has flexibility in functionality, accuracy in data recording, and privacy for users and data (Li, Zhang, Tsai & Puls, 2014). LHQ3 (version 3) introduces new functions, developed in response to many comments/requests from users. One important improvement is the addition of an automatic scoring system, in that the new interface automatically calculates aggregated scores for language proficiency, language dominance, and language immersion levels. Finally, LHQ3 allows researchers to assign different weights to the modules when calculating the aggregated scores, addressing the issue of different focuses that different researchers put on multilingual speakers’ language usage and background.
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Plaskova, N. S. "Formation of an information and analytical base for assessing the efficiency of capital use: Russian and international aspects". Buhuchet v zdravoohranenii (Accounting in Healthcare), nr 9 (22.09.2022): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-17-2209-05.
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The article presents methodological approaches to the formation of a reliable information and analytical base for assessing the use of capital, focused on the requests of external stakeholders and internal management of the organization. On the basis of a critical analysis and generalization of conceptual domestic and international approaches to determining the essence of an enterprise’s capital as an accounting and analytical category, its functions and components, its sources of formation and directions of use in modern business conditions are supplemented and clarified. A comparative analysis of the features of disclosure of information about capital and its elements in Russian and international financial statements is carried out. A multifactorial model for assessing the efficiency of capital use and the impact of external and internal factors on the return on capital has been developed.