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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Asia (peru)”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 26 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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1

Mauricio Pachas, Pablo. "DESAFIOS PARA EL PERU: APEC Y TLC." Gestión en el Tercer Milenio 9, no. 17 (2006): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/gtm.v9i17.9321.

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Son pocos los que conocen la importancia del Foro de Cooperación Económica del Asia Pacífico (APEC); ya que más se ha discutido sobre el Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC) con Estados Unidos. En el presente artículo se señala la importancia de Asia en la economía mundial; se realiza una breve caracterización de los principales mercados asiáticos (China, Japón, Corea del Sur y Taiwán), y se analizan las posibilidades del Perú de constituirse en una plataforma estratégica para el comercio sudamericano con Asia, en el marco de la APEC. Asimismo, se discute las expectativas de abrir nuevos mercados con los principales bloques comerciales a través de Tratados de Libre Comercio.

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KIKUCHI, HIROKAZU. "The Representation of East Asia in Latin American Legislatures." Issues & Studies 53, no. 01 (2017): 1740005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1013251117400057.

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What is the representation of East Asia in Latin American legislatures? Existing studies have focused on individual politicians of East Asian descent such as Alberto Fujimori, former president of Peru, but no systematic research has been done on the political representation of East Asia in Latin America. In order to fill this gap, this study analyzes the descriptive and substantive aspects of East Asian representation in Latin America. For the descriptive dimension, this article reviews the composition of legislators of East Asian descent in each Latin American country and finds that people of Japanese descent are “overrepresented” in the Peruvian and Argentine lower houses, while people of Korean and Chinese descent are underrepresented. Using the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies as an example, this study also reveals that deputies of East Asian descent differ from other deputies in terms of their political careers. As for the substantive dimension, this study focuses on Brazilian deputies’ responses to the Twin Ocean Railroad project, one of the largest Chinese infrastructure projects in Latin America. The statistical test performed in this study shows that the deputies tend to be members of the Brazil–Peru–China Pro-Twin Ocean Railroad Caucus if they are affiliated with the Brazil–Japan Caucus, if they are from a wealthier state, or if their performance in the last election was good. In addition, they are not likely to be members of the caucus if they are affiliated with the Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira (PSDB), an important opposition party.

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Fideli, Roberto. "Elezioni nel mondo – Gennaio-Giugno 2001." Quaderni dell'Osservatorio elettorale QOE - IJES 47, no. 2 (2002): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/qoe-12773.

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STEVENSON, HAROLD W., and CHUANSHENG CHEN. "Literacy Acquisition in Peru, Asia, and the United States." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 520, no. 1 (1992): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716292520001018.

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Bolgherini, Silvia. "Elezioni nel mondo – Gennaio-Giugno 2011." Quaderni dell'Osservatorio elettorale QOE - IJES 67, no. 1 (2012): 137–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/qoe-9784.

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Fideli, Roberto. "Elezioni nel mondo – Gennaio-Giugno 2000." Quaderni dell'Osservatorio elettorale QOE - IJES 45, no. 2 (2001): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/qoe-12791.

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Thor, G. "A New Species of Lichenostigma, A Lichenicolous Ascomycete." Lichenologist 17, no. 3 (1985): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282985000342.

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AbstractLichenostigma rugosa sp. nov. is reported from Europe, North Africa, Asia and the USA. Only one species of Lichenostigma, L. maureri, from Europe and Asia, was previously known. L. rugosa differs chiefly in having spores with deep irregular fissures. L. maureri is reported for the first time from South America (Argentina, Peru), the British Isles and Sweden.

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Bolgherini, Silvia. "Elezioni nel mondo – Gennaio-Giugno 2006." Quaderni dell'Osservatorio elettorale QOE - IJES 57, no. 1 (2007): 123–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/qoe-10226.

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Europe: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Portugal, Slovakia, Ukraine; Africa: Benin, Cape Verde; Americas: Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Peru; Asia: Israel, Thailand.

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9

Carazas, Pedro Miguel. "Comercio potencial de servicios del Perú con el Asia Pacífico." Cuadernos de difusión 13, no. 24 (2008): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46631/jefas.2008.v13n24.06.

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Services account for 47% of global output and, as per several studies conducted, the liberalization of their trade brings more advantages than trade in goods. Despite of this fact, there has been little research on the subject, and the defi nition of services has remained controversial. Peru sticks to global trend, as services represent 65% of GDP and 75% of EAP. Moreover, the development of tertiary sector is essential to attain a hub position. This paper is aimed at identifying the potential trade in services with Asia Pacifi c, based on trade and liberalization indicators –this region accounts for nearly 18% of current world trade–. It considers the commercial behavior of Peru, as well as that of Chile and Colombia, which are regarded as competitors in their condition of «access platform» to the Andean sub region. It is concluded that there are many possibilities to intensify relations with Asia Pacifi c and policy recommendations that should be taken into account by the Peruvian foreign policy are provided.

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10

Phadungsombat, Juthamas, Huong Thi Thu Vu, Quynh Thi Nguyen, et al. "Molecular Characterization of Dengue Virus Strains from the 2019–2020 Epidemic in Hanoi, Vietnam." Microorganisms 11, no. 5 (2023): 1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051267.

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Dengue virus (DENV), which has circulated in Vietnam for several decades, has multiple serotypes and genotypes. A 2019 dengue outbreak resulted in a larger number of cases than any other outbreak. We conducted a molecular characterization using samples collected in 2019–2020 from dengue patients in Hanoi and nearby cities located in northern Vietnam. The circulating serotypes were DENV-1 (25%, n = 22) and DENV-2 (73%, n = 64). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that all DENV-1 (n = 13) were genotype I and clustered to local strains circulating during the previous outbreak in the 2017, whereas DENV-2 consisted of two genotypes: Asian-I (n = 5), related to local strains from 2006–2022, and cosmopolitan (n = 18), the predominant genotype in this epidemic. The current cosmopolitan virus was identified as having an Asian-Pacific lineage. The virus was closely related to strains in other recent outbreaks in Southeast Asian countries and China. Multiple introductions occurred in 2016–2017, which were possibly from maritime Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia), mainland Southeast Asia (Cambodia and Thailand), or China, rather than from an expansion of localized Vietnamese cosmopolitan strains that were previously detected in the 2000s. We also analyzed the genetic relationship between Vietnam’s cosmopolitan strain and recent global strains reported from Asia, Oceania, Africa, and South America. This analysis revealed that viruses of Asian-Pacific lineage are not restricted to Asia but have spread to Peru and Brazil in South America.

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11

Zhang, Ji, Han-Mo Wang, Yan-Li Zhao, Zhi-Tian Zuo, Yuan-Zhong Wang, and Hang Jin. "Comparison of Mineral Element Content in a Functional Food Maca (Lepidium meyeniiWalp.) from Asia and South America." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/530541.

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Contents of eight mineral elements in maca (Lepidium meyeniiWalp.) from China and Peru were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Cu contents in maca samples from China (2.5–31 mg kg−1dry weight, dw) were higher than the samples from Peru (<2.1 mg kg−1 dw). Na in two samples from China was found to be significantly of high content (2400 and 2600 mg kg−1 dw). The contents (mg kg−1 dw) of B, Co, Cr, Li, Ni, and Zn were, respectively, 8.1–21, <0.023, <1.1~3.5, 0.020–0.17, 0.085–4.5, and 10–39 for the samples from China, while being 6.6–12, <0.023, <1.1~2.3, 0.035–0.063, 0.68–1.7, and 27–39 for the samples from Peru.

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12

Kupchina, Ekaterina Valentinovna. "«ELECTRONIC JUDICIAL FILE» IN THE SYSTEM OF RESOLUTION OF CIVIL LEGAL DISPUTES OF THE REPUBLIC OF PERU." Chronos 7, no. 11(73) (2022): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2658-7556-73-11-61.

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The development of digital technologies has an impact on all areas of human knowledge and action. The justice system is no exception. The judicial system of Peru, like other countries in the Asia-Pacific region, is gradually moving towards the goal of digitalizing the judicial system. The success in introducing digital technologies into the judicial system of the Republic of Peru is largely due to the Electronic Court File system, which is successfully used in almost all judicial bodies of the country. In this article, the author analyzes the main elements of the «Electronic Court File» system, as well as the impact of this system on the processes of consideration and resolution of civil law disputes in Peru.

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13

Guerra-Barón, A. "The Sino-Peruvian relation and the construction of the official narrative of Peru as a hub management." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 9, no. 4 (2022): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2021-9-4-53-67.

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This article discusses the driving forces behind the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Peru. Accordingly, the importance of bilateral cooperation in the development of Sino-Peruvian relations is being assessed. Given that the Chinese presence in Peru is an extended phenomenon, the article attempts to determine the extent of China’s influence on bilateral relations and its importance in building the official narrative of Peruvian decision-makers regarding the trans-Pacific image they aim to project in relation to China. For this reassion the article recurs to the productive notion of power, focusing on intangible elements mainly to enquire by the discursive constructions of the Peruvian technocrat agents and related practices embedded into the Sino-Peruvian relation −strongly led by the Asian country. The article concludes that the main topics of bilateral cooperation make it possible to single out four stages of China’s international policy towards Peru. Even though the Sino-Peruvian relation does not ground either can be explained exclusively on economic criteria or an institutional basis, the current associativity between both countries answer to the reciprocal knowledge triggered by migratory waves of the Chinese in moments of economic and political stress. At the same time, the discourses and narratives created by Peruvian technocrats acknowledge the country’s trans-Pacific identity; China’s weight in this identification is defining for the narrative of Peru as a bridge country in the 1990s and South America’s operational hub in Asia in the 21st century.

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14

Schottenhammer, Angela. "East Asia’s Other New World, China and the Viceroyalty of Peru: A Neglected Aspect of Early Modern Maritime History." Medieval History Journal 23, no. 2 (2020): 181–239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945819895895.

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At least officially, the Chinese government showed little to no interest in the Asia-Pacific region. We also know very little about Chinese state interference except for attempts to fight against piracy in the Southeast Asian waters. This article will consequently address and survey a neglected aspect of China’s maritime history, namely China’s (indirect) relationship with the Viceroyalty of Peru, its capital Lima (= Ciudad de los Reyes), and its port of Callao, and with the ‘silver centre’ in the Spanish Indies—the Villa Imperial (= Potosí), in the hinterlands of the Viceroyalty of Peru. These active, but at first sight less obvious and frequently neglected parts of the trans-Pacific trade, I would like to call ‘the other New World’. The article introduces a variety of micro-historical bottom-up insights into connections between two places that at first sight seem related to each other only through the shipments of huge quantities of silver from the Cerro Rico in Potosí via Acapulco and Manila to China, in exchange for Chinese silks and porcelains, looking specifically at some micro networks, contraband, informal, accidental, and undesired exchanges. It offers preliminary results and a general framework and survey of trade connections, routes and information on the variety of Chinese products that reached Peru.

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15

Vorotnikova, T. A. "Pacific Pumas in Indian Jungle: Place of Latin America in Indo-Pacific." MGIMO Review of International Relations 16, no. 5 (2023): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2023-5-92-105-125.

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The article examines the political potential of Latin American countries in bolstering their influence within the Indo-Pacific region (IP). It delves into the Indo-Pacific concept, championed internationally by India and Japan, as an alternative viewpoint in contrast to the predominant orientation towards China as the regional leader in the Asia-Pacific region. Carlos Exudé's "Peripheral Realism" provides the theoretical framework for the study, although Latin American states strive to move beyond their peripheral status.The focus is on four Pacific coastal countries in Latin America: Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Chile. It identifies key areas of cooperation between these nations and major players in the IP such as India, Japan, South Korea, and Australia. Chile and Peru have established a more robust transpacific partnership compared to their neighbors. However, Mexico possesses a significant advantage due to its unique geographical position intersecting the Atlantic and Pacific routes.Colombia, along with Mexico, Chile, and Peru, formed the Pacific Alliance, an integration association that emphasizes closer ties with Asian countries. Over its decade-long existence, this Alliance has significantly increased in both economic and political significance. The article highlights the pivotal role of this alliance in fostering Asian-Latin American trade and entrepreneurship.The study also delves into the prospects of integrating the two regions by extending the reach of Pacific economic megablocks (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, Trans-Pacific Partnership) to Latin America. After the ratification of the TPP by Mexico, Peru, and Chile, an agreement that unites all four Pacific Ocean continents for the first time emerged. The advent of the RCEP, which includes powerful economies such as China, South Korea, and Japan, demonstrates a clear global shift from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from West to East. The inclusion of Latin American countries in these processes is poised to advance their regional and global interests on the international stage.

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16

Pacheco, Víctor. "A capture of a lesser bandicoot rat Bandicota bengalensis (Rodentia, Muridae) at Callao Port, Perú." Revista Peruana de Biología 26, no. 4 (2019): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v26i4.16881.

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The Lesser bandicoot rat Bandicota bengalensis (Gray and Hardwicke, 1833) is a murid rodent distributed mostly in Asia that can cause substantial negative economic impact in urban and rural areas. Until now, the species has been mostly restricted to the Asian region; and no specimen has been captured or reported as a stowaway arriving to an American port. Here, I report on one specimen captured in Callao’s maritime port, Peru, during sanitary inspection surveillance, identified based on external and cranial characteristics, and similar meristic reported values. This finding shows the potential threat of this species as an invasive alien species and highlights the need for strengthening invasive species protocols on ships.

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Gonzales, Michael J. "Chinese Plantation Workers and Social Conflict in Peru in the late Nineteenth Century." Journal of Latin American Studies 21, no. 3 (1989): 385–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00018496.

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As the world capitalist system developed during the nineteenth century non-slave labour became a commodity that circulated around the globe and contributed to capital accumulation in metropolitan centres. The best examples are the emigration of millions of Asian indentured servants and European labourers to areas of European colonisation. Asians replaced emancipated African slaves on plantations in the Caribbean and South America, supplemented a declining slave population in Cuba, built railways in California, worked in mines in South Africa, laboured on sugarcane plantations in Mauritius and Fiji, and served on plantations in southeast Asia. Italian immigrants also replaced African slaves on coffee estates in Brazil, worked with Spaniards in the seasonal wheat harvest in Argentina, and, along with other Europeans, entered the growing labour market in the United States. From the perspective of capital, these workers were a cheap alternative to local wage labour and, as foreigners without the rights of citizens, they could be subjected to harsher methods of social control.1

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Rusiadi, Rusiadi, Ade Novalina, Bhaktiar Effendi, and Anita N Hutasoit. "ARDL PANEL MODEL OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM AND MONETARY POLICY OF ASIA PASIIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION." Proceeding of The International Conference on Economics and Business 1, no. 1 (2022): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/iceb.v1i2.185.

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The financial system plays an important role in the economy. An unstable financial system will be vulnerable to various problems that disrupt the rotation of a country's economy and be vulnerable to economic problems such as the global crisis in various countries. The problem that occurs is the occurrence of Covid-19 causing various fluctuations in the level of inflation, money supply, imports, the occurrence of unstable inflation from January 2019 to August 2021, low inflation resulting in a decrease in imports and an increase in the money supply in Mexico. , Vietnam, Philippines, Hongkong, Indonesia, Canada, Malaysia, Singapore, Peru, and China. The analytical method in this study uses the ARDL Panel (Autoregression Distributed Lag) approach. The ARDL Panel Model determines which country models from APEC countries are able to control long-term financial system-based economic fundamentals in Mexico, Vietnam, the Philippines, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Canada, Malaysia, Singapore, Peru, and China and the Different Test for modeling the impact of covid-19 19 on the economic fundamentals of the financial system. The results of the research found the ARDL Panel prediction model in modeling the impact of Covid-19 on economic fundamentals in the financial system. The main Leading Indicator of variable effectiveness in controlling Inflation In TAPEC is JUB where Vietnam, the Philippines, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Peru and China have a significant influence in controlling Inflation. Then overall in the long term (Long Run) it turns out that only the JUB and CDV variables have an effect on INF In TAPEC, while in the short term (Short Run) it is JUB that influences Inflation In TAPEC.

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Cano, María J., and Marta Alonso. "Three new mosses records from the Andes of northwestern Argentina." Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica 52, no. 2 (2017): 261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v52.n2.17440.

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Two mosses are newly reported for Argentina based on recent collections from Saltaprovince: Aligrimmia peruviana R.S. Williams and Conostomum cleistocarpum Herzog. Hitherto, they were considered endemic to Bolivia and Peru, respectively. In addition, Crossidium squamiferum (Viv.) Jur., a species distributed in Europe, North America, Mexico, Asia, North Africa, and Macaronesia, is here reported for the first time in South America.

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Czesław Kozłowski, Stanisław. "Economic and Strategic Determinants of The Trans-Pacific Partnership." Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne 4, no. 44 (2014): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/athena.2014.44.06.

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This article provides an economic and political analysis of the past and current state of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) project. The TPP talks, which have been ongoing since March 2010 and now involve 12 nations (Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the United States, and Vietnam), are aimed at lowering trade barriers across a much wider range of sectors than classical preferential trade agreements. Namely, it aims at not only removing tariffs on goods and services, but would also cover labor and the environment, intellectual property, government procurement and state- -owned enterprises. The latter are forced by the US as the cornerstone of the Obama Administration’s economic policy in the Asia Pacific. TPP is thus a vital part of a plan known as ‘Asia Pivot’ strategy and represents American attempts to re-engage Asia. If completed, TPP agreement could serve as a template for a future trade pact among 21 members of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation regional group.

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Liu, Qun Yi, An Jian Wang, Qi Shen Chen, and Ying Li. "Analysis for the Global Distribution and Requirement of the Copper Resources." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.32.

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Copper consumption is the largest and the most important metal mineral resources during the process of industrialization, urbanization. This paper analyzes the reserves distribution of the global copper resources, global copper resource investment and development zone, and global mining copper demand increment and its capacity increment trend, showing that, (1) over the next 20 years the global iron and aluminum resource supply relatively loose, copper resources supply pressure is bigger; (2) Global copper resources are relatively scarce, the distribution, Chile, Peru and Australia among the three countries accounted for 53% of global reserves; (3) Along with the growth of the asean and India resource requirements, Africa, southeast Asia and central Asia will become the important resource of supply. (4) Since the 20th century, along with the global demand for resources at the center of transfer to North America, Asia Pacific (Europe), Europe, North America, South America, Australia and southeast Asia, in turn, become the important resource of supply

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Zhilkin, O. N., and G. W. P. Chavarry. "Foreign trade relations of the Peru Republic and Russia: history and development prospects." Vestnik Universiteta 1, no. 11 (2022): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2022-11-130-137.

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The article analyses the historical aspects and prospects for the development of foreign trade relations between Peru and Russia. The dynamics of RussianPeruvian diplomatic relations was studied, the most significant periods of these relations were highlighted, the crisis periods that affected cooperation between countries, including the Second Pacific War (1879−1884) were identified, and the collapse of the USSR. The most fruitful period in the history of Russian-Peruvian relations is marked by the beginning of the “most-favoured-nation” regime, established in 1969 after the signing of the Trade Agreement by the parties. The key aspects of the current state of trade cooperation between Peru and Russia are highlighted. The intensification of trade cooperation in the modern period occurred after the meeting of the presidents of Russia and Peru in 2008 at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in Lima. The commodity structure of trade relations between Peru and Russia is considered. It is suggested that the priority tasks for the further active development of Russian-Peruvian cooperation can be considered the increase and diversification of trade, the growth of mutual investment, and the signing of a bilateral free trade agreement. The methodological basis of the research includes general scientific methods: historical-legal, structural-functional, comparative-legal, formal-legal, statistical. The information work was compiled scientific literature, monographs, regulatory documents, and reference materials that demonstrate the functioning of foreign economic activity, including between Russia and Peru.

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Nunez, Jose Eduardo, Tiago Felismino, Daniel Enriquez, et al. "Evaluation of the outcome of adjuvant treatment for gastric cancer in Brazil and Peru: A retrospective study in two cancer centers in Latin America." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 4_suppl (2018): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.4_suppl.160.

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160 Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in developing countries. In Peru, it is the fourth most incident cancer, and the sixth one in Brazil. Mortality is still high. The chance of relapse of patients with non-metastatic disease undergoing surgery is more than 50%. It is suspected that Latin American patients present worse evolution compared to those treated in Asia or in developed countries, therefore it is fundamental to study factors related to the prognosis and evolution of patients with GC in our continent. We aimed to evaluate the outcome of adjuvant treatment for GC in patients from two countries with different racial miscegenation and eating habits, and correlate this with clinicopathological features. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 187 patients with GC who underwent curative surgery and received CRT at AC Camargo Cancer Center (ACCCC) in Brazil and Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas (INEN) in Peru. CRT was defined as MacDonald protocol. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Cox regression model was performed in order to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Median follow up time was 51 and 20 months in Brazil and Peru, respectively. Median age of our cohort was 54 years-old. Male sex was predominant in both countries (Brazil: 54.7%; Peru: 56.9%). Diffuse subtype also was predominant (Brazil: 58.3%; Peru: 55.1%). Median OS was 103.9 and 45.2 months in Brazil and Peru respectively (p < 0.001). In the multiple analysis, we found that pathological stage (I/II vs. III; HR = 4.1, 95%CI 1.4-11.7; p = 0.009) was independent prognostic factor adjusted by country of treatment, histological subtype, localization, age and gender. Conclusions: Survival differences exist between Brazil and Peru. We observed that patients from Peru had more advanced pathological stage after surgery. This difference suggests a possible prognostic factor in OS. Ethnic/genetic factors, eating habits and other clinicopathological or molecular factors may also explain different prognosis. Future studies are warranted to determine these prognostic factors in Latin American gastric cancer patients.

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NAKAO, M., M. OKAMOTO, Y. SAKO, H. YAMASAKI, K. NAKAYA, and A. ITO. "A phylogenetic hypothesis for the distribution of two genotypes of the pig tapeworm Taenia solium worldwide." Parasitology 124, no. 6 (2002): 657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182002001725.

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Genetic polymorphism was determined among 13 isolates of Taenia solium from various regions using PCR-amplified sequences of 2 mitochondrial genes: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and cytochrome b. The 2 phylogenies obtained were similar to each other regardless of the genes examined. The isolates from Asia (China, Thailand, Irian Jaya and India) formed a single cluster, whereas the isolates from Latin America (Mexico, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and Brazil) combined with those from Africa (Tanzania, Mozambique and Cameroon) to form an additional cluster. These results and historical data of swine domestication, distribution of pigs and colonization suggest that T. solium was introduced recently into Latin America and Africa from different regions of Europe during the colonial age, which started 500 years ago, and that the tapeworm of another origin independently spread in Asian countries.

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H Rees, Gareth, Oswaldo Morales Tristán, Gladys Alosilla Cruzado, Sandra Guizado Vásquez, Bárbara Laos Raffo, and Orlando López Melgar. "The impact of culture on the management of subsidiary organizations: The case of Viettel in Peru." Revista Digital Mundo Asia Pacífico 9, no. 17 (2020): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/map.v9.i17.02.

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As south-south investments increase so do the issues experienced by investing companies. One of these is the impact of culture. This article analyzes the effects of the subsidiary country culture on an investing firm’s organizational culture and the managerial practices used to address them. Data is gathered from cultural databases, a company-wide survey and semi structured interviews. Descriptive statistics are used to reveal country and organizational culture differences, with content analysis to expose management responses. There is a clear difference between the firm’s Vietnamese and Peruvian workers, with the company’s practices more amenable to the Vietnamese employees. Recognition of this has resulted in a number of initiatives to reduce its impact. The study’s results offer suggestions that may be valued by other foreign companies interested in operating in Peru and may be especially relevant to Southeast Asia and Asian companies interested in investing in or looking to start operations in Latin America.

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ZAMBRANO ROMERO, BOSCO JAVIER, and RODOLFO SOLANO. "A new species of Cyclopogon (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae) from Southwestern Ecuador: Cyclopogon soniae-juaniorum." Phytotaxa 376, no. 5 (2018): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.376.5.2.

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The most species-rich genus of Spiranthinae Lindley (1840: 441, 462) is Cyclopogon Presl (1827: 93) with 83 species (Chase et al. 2015). It is distributed from Florida to northern Argentina and southern Brazil, including the Antilles, but the greatest species richness is found in Brazil and the Andean regions of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. One species, Cyclopogon obliquus (Smith 1910: 74) Szlachetko (1994: 425) has been reported as naturalised in Southeast Asia (Salazar 2003).

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Yamazaki, Fumio, Carlos Zavala, and Miguel Estrada. "Special Issue on Enhancement of Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Technology in Peru (II)." Journal of Disaster Research 9, no. 6 (2014): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2014.p0915.

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With the greatest pleasure, we present the second special issue of the Journal of Disaster Research (JDR), entitled Enhancement of Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Technology in Peru. This follows the first special issue on the same theme. These special issues contain 36 articles, 15 in the first and 21 in the second. They summarize research output from the SATREPS Peru project. SATREPS is an international research program sponsored by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). As a SATREPS project on natural disaster mitigation, our 5-year Peru project began in March 2010 with the purpose of enhancing and implementing earthquake and tsunami disaster-mitigation technology in Peru. The joint research project provides good opportunities for Peruvian and Japanese researchers and engineers to work together exchanging opinions on their common goal of reducing loss from earthquakes and tsunamis. Within the project period, CISMID was designated as a government agency in charge of disaster-mitigation activities. Project outcomes have been introduced in national design codes and in guidelines on earthquake and tsunami risk evaluation in Peru. Our project has drawn great attention among members of Peruvian society. It has attracted hundreds of participants and scores of mass media through public seminars and symposia. We expect the project to be sustained through public awareness and dissemination activities by Peruvian organizations. We hope this special issue will provide useful information to seismic-prone Asia-Pacific countries, especially Latin America. In closing, we sincerely thank the contributors and reviewers who have done so much to make the articles in this special issue both interesting and valuable.

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Rojas-Osorio, Mercedes, and Aldo Alvarez-Risco. "Intention to Use Smartphones among Peruvian University Students." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 13, no. 03 (2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v13i03.9356.

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<p class="0abstract">This document is a report on the findings of a study aims to investigate human motivations affecting an adoption decision for smartphone among Peruvian university students. This research investigates smartphone users’ perception using a technology acceptance model (TAM). It is analyzed perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and attitude toward to keep using a smartphone as determinants for behavioral intention to keep using a smartphone between Peruvian university students, evaluating them with reliability and validity and confirming the hypotheses elaborated for the study. Findings indicate that the behavioral intention to keep using a smartphone (BIU) was significantly influenced by perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU) and attitude toward to keep using a smartphone (AKUS) and also, PEOU influenced significantly to PU. This study not only provides valuable information about students´ the intention to keep using a smartphone but also enriches the current literature, focusing on Peru, which has a different commercial characteristic and cultural background as compared to North America, Europe, and Asia. According to the current literature review, this is the first study on this subject that specifically focuses on the use of smartphones by Peruvian university students.</p>

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Adins, S. "Bilateral relations between Peru and Russia in the 21st century: a Peruvian perspective." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 9, no. 4 (2022): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2021-9-4-84-100.

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Since the beginning of the 21st century, Russia has tried to regain its status as a great power in world politics, leaving behind its ideological profile that characterized it during the Soviet era. Although it is true that Russian influence in Latin America is still far from reaching the levels of the United States, the European Union or China, Moscow has recently managed to increase its presence in the region. In turn, Peru aspires to position itself as an “emerging regional power”, with an important economic projection towards Asia-Pacific, although maintaining – for now – its strategic alignment with the West. After describing the main milestones of the historical relationship between Peru and Russia –as an empire, a Soviet republic and a post-Soviet republic –, this article seeks to identify the dynamics, as well as the main dimensions of the bilateral relationship in the 21st century. It concludes that, with the exception of the historical supply of Russian weapons to Peru, the links between the two states have been of a relatively low intensity, as a result of Peru’s international identity, convergent with theWest; a generally unfavorable and/or erroneous image of Russia among the country’s elites; as well as the economizing trend in its contemporary foreign policy.

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Ruiz Rivera, Maria Elena, and Daniel Diaz Ataucuri. "ADVANCE ACADEMY NET: CASE AT PERUVIAN." Revista de investigación de Sistemas e Informática 2, no. 2 (2005): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/risi.v2i2.3211.

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In the middle of the decade of 90 the investigators coincided with the need to have a net of telecommunications that supports only traffic generated by the universities and centers of investigation. The lens of this net, National Net called of Investigation and Education (NREN, National Research and Education Network), is to allow the interchange of the results of the investigations, to coordinate new experiences, to qualify in royal time, to compile information of great capacity in royal time, between others. Today, not only implemented NREN exists in the generating countries of knowledge, but all these nets are interconnected across regional nets, since it is Europa’s case with it´s net GEANT, Asia with it´s net APAN and recently Latin America with it´s CLEAR net. In the Peru, from beginning of 2003 in coordination with the National Council of Science and Tecnology and with the participation of five universities and two centers of investigation, the implementation of a NREN proposed with the lens to interconnect the universities and the centers of investigation of the Peru, and these with other NREN already implemented in the world. This challenge has been fulfilled in April, 2005 when the NREN of the Peru known as Academic Net Peruvian, it was interconnected with the Latin-American CLEAR Net.

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Lynch, Barbara. "What Hirschman’s Hiding Hand Hid in San Lorenzo and Chixoy." Water 11, no. 3 (2019): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030415.

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Implementation of big water projects requires that their funders, contractors, and government officials will move projects forward ignorant of their potential social and environmental costs. Economist Albert O. Hirschman raised the issue of ignorance in a widely-read analysis of the factors driving the project process in Latin America, Africa, Asia, and southern Europe. This ignorance, which Hirschman referred to as ‘the hiding hand,’ led to creativity in the case of the San Lorenzo irrigation system in northern Peru, but had lethal consequences in the case of Guatemala’s Chixoy dam project. While Hirschman saw what he called ‘the hiding hand’ as accidental, examination of documents related to large hydraulic infrastructure projects in Peru and Guatemala suggests that in the late twentieth century it was systematically produced by resistance on the part of international financial institutions to addressing the broader political context for project development, or to adequately addressing potential social and environmental impacts early in the project process.

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Alvarado, Luis, Maritza Quiroz-Reyna, Giancarlo Quiroz-Chunga, William Castillo-Aguilar, and Flor Quedo-Salazar. "Identification of Trichophyton benhamiae by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. First report in Peru." Indian Journal of Microbiology Research 11, no. 1 (2024): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.010.

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is an emerging zoophilic dermatophyte that mainly infects skin and scalp and has been reported in Asia, America and Europe. It has two phenotypic variants: one with white colonies and the other with yellow colonies. Morphological identification of is not sufficient and can be confused with or . Genomic or proteomic analysis is required to establish a definitive identification. We present three dermatophyte strains obtained from the skin, nails and scalp of human infections in which macroscopic and microscopic examinations were not sufficient to identify the species. The final identification of was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. This is the first report of in Peru.

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Rojas-Mora, Jaime, and Julio Cesar Chamorro-Futinico. "Dinámica y volatilidad en los índices bursátiles de los países de la Alianza Pacífico." Panorama Económico 24 (September 1, 2016): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32997/2463-0470-vol.24-num.0-2016-1550.

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El Acuerdo del Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano (MILA) suscrito entre Peru, Chile, Colombia y Mexico fue suscrito en el marco de la Alianza del Pacífico, siguiendo la experiencia de la Union Europea y los procesos de integración en Asia y Medio Este. Este acuerdo busca diversificar los mercados y atraer inversionistas del resto del mundo. Mediante analisis de correlación y cointegración, ademas de fiunciones impulso-respuesta de vectores autoregresivos (VAR), idenficamos los impactos en los retornos y en la volatilidad de los principales indices para cada uno de los paises miembros del MILA.

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Rojas Mora, Jaime, and Julio Cesar Chamorro Futinico. "DINÁMICA Y VOLATILIDAD EN LOS ÍNDICES BURSÁTILES DE LOS PAÍSES DE LA ALIANZA PACÍFICO." Revista Panorama Económico 24 (January 15, 2016): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32997/2463-0470-vol.24-num.0/2016/104.

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El Acuerdo del Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano (MILA) suscrito entre Peru, Chile, Colombia y Mexico fue suscrito en el marco de la Alianza del Pacífico, siguiendo la experiencia de la Union Europea y los procesos de integración en Asia y Medio Este. Este acuerdo busca diversificar los mercados y atraer inversionistas del resto del mundo. Mediante analisis de correlación y cointegración, ademas de fiunciones impulso-respuesta de vectores autoregresivos (VAR), idenficamos los impactos en los retornos y en la volatilidad de los principales indices para cada uno de los paises miembros del MILA.

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35

Aguilar-Anccota, René, Cinthya Geraldine Arévalo-Quinde, Arturo Morales-Pizarro, and Miguel Galecio-Julca. "Fungi associated with necrosis of vascular bundles in organic banana crop: symptoms, isolation and identification, and integrated management alternatives." Scientia Agropecuaria 12, no. 2 (2021): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.028.

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The banana Musaspp. (Musaceae) is a tropical perennial crop of major consumption in the world, the main producing regions are; Asia (54.1%), America (25.5%), Africa (18.4%). In Peru, Piura accounts for 72% of the country's total volume of organic banana exports. In recent years in Peru and in other producing areas of the world, symptoms of necrosis in the vascular bundles of the pseudostem have been occurring, causing the early death of plants in production. The objective of this study was to identify the main fungal pathogens associated with vascular necrosis of banana. The fungi isolated from the pseudostem, rhizome and roots were identified using taxonomic keys. The external symptoms of the disease were yellowing and necrosis of the leaves from the edge towards the midrib, collapse of the petiole and death of the plant. The internal symptoms were necrosis of the vascular bundles and internal necrotic lesions in the rhizome and roots. The fungal isolates were identified by their morphometric characteristics as Fusarium oxysporum, F.verticillioidesand F.solani. For the control of this disease, it is recommended to implement an integrated management plan.

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"Avocado sunblotch viroid. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.October (August 1, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20133421495.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Avocado sunblotch viroid. Avsunviroidae: Avsunviroid. Host: avocado (Persea americana). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Spain), Asia (Israel), Africa (Ghana, South Africa), North America (Mexico, USA, California, Florida), South America (Peru, Venezuela), Oceania (Australia).

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"Cassava common mosaic potexvirus. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 1) (August 1, 1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500762.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Cassava common mosaic potexvirus Viruses: Potexvirus Hosts: Cassava (Manihot esculenta). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Taiwan, AFRICA, Cote d'Ivoire, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Florida, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Tuvalu.

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38

"Strawberry pallidosis-associated virus. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.October (August 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20193460913.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Strawberry pallidosis-associated virus. Closteroviridae: Crinivirus. Host: strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China, Fujian, Henan, Korea Republic), Africa (Egypt), North America (Mexico, USA, California, Maryland, Oregon), South America (Peru), Oceania (Australia, Victoria).

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"Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 1) (August 1, 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500953.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus Virus: Closteroviridae: Crinivirus Hosts: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Spain, ASIA, Israel, Korea Republic, AFRICA, Egypt, Kenya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Louisiana, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, Peru.

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40

"Pangola stunt virus. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 2) (August 1, 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500434.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pangola stunt virus Viruses: Family Reoviridae: Genus Fijivirus Hosts: Digitaria decumbens and other Digitaria spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Taiwan, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, French, Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Fiji.

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"Meloidogyne ethiopica. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.October (August 1, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20133421483.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Meloidogyne ethiopica Whitehead. Nematoda: Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae. Hosts: polyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Greece, Mainland Greece, Slovenia), Asia (Turkey), Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe), South America (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Chile, Peru).

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42

"Maize chlorotic mottle virus. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.April (August 1, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20143156821.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Maize chlorotic mottle virus. Tombusviridae: Machlomovirus. Host: Maize (Zea mays). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China, Hebei, Sichuan, Yunnan and Thailand), Africa (Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania and Uganda), North America (Mexico, USA, Hawaii, Kansas, Nebraska and Texas) and South America (Argentina, Brazil and Peru).

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Zare, R. "Lecanicillium longisporum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 157 (July 1, 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401566.

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Abstract A description is provided for Lecanicillium longisporum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Insect-pathogenic. HOSTS: Icerya purchasi (Coccidae), citrus aphids, Myzus persicae and Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Aphididae) (HALL, 1984). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SOUTH AMERICA: Peru. ASIA: Sri Lanka. EUROPE: Great Britain. TRANSMISSION: Soil- and air-borne.

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"Potato mop-top virus. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 1) (August 1, 2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500874.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Potato mop-top virus Viruses: Unassigned virus family: Pomovirus Hosts: Potato (Solanum tuberosum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, UK, ASIA, Israel, Japan, Taiwan, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Prince Edward Island, USA, Maine, SOUTH AMERICA, Bolivia, Chile, Peru.

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45

"Public Investment and Fiscal Policy - Lessons From the Pilot Country Studies." Policy Papers 2005, no. 05 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498331630.007.

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This paper reports on findings from eight pilot country studies on public investment that were carried out during the second half of 2004. The pilot country studies covered a diverse group of countries. Specifically, they included countries in Latin America (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Peru), Africa (Ethiopia and Ghana), the Middle East (Jordan), and Asia (India).

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"Uromyces ciceris-arietini. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 4) (August 1, 1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500235.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Uromyces ciceris-arietini (Grognot) Jacz. Hosts: Chick pea (Cicer arietinum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Algeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Morocco, Tunisia, Asia, Afghanistan, Burma, India, Bihar, Bombay, Delhi, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Iran, Israel, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tranzschel, Azerbaijan, Caucasus, Central Asia, Syria, Yemen, Europe, Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Corsica, Greece, Crete, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Ukraine, Dagestan, Kurskaya, Spain, Yugoslavia, North America, Mexico, USA, South Dakota, Texas, Central America & west Indies, Belize, South America, Chile, Peru.

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47

"Potato yellow dwarf virus. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.April (August 1, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20093074274.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Potato yellow dwarf virus. Rhabdoviridae: Nucleorhabdovirus. Hosts: Potato (Solanum tuberosum), pink periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), marvel of Peru (Mirabilis jalapa), sweet-scented tobacco (Nicotiana alata), African marigold (Tagetes erecta), Zinnia elegans and wild Solanaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Saudi Arabia), North America (USA (California, Minnesota, Wisconsin)).

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"Symmetrischema tangolias. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, June (August 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20203285586.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Symmetrischema tangolias (Gyen), Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae. Main hosts: potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato (S. lycopersicum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Indonesia), North America (Mexico, USA, California, Louisiana, Mississippi and Washington), South America (Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru) and Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria and New Zealand).

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CABI and EPPO. "Diaporthe destruens . [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, May 31, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20220233383.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Diaporthe destruens (Harter) Hirooka, Minosh. & Rossman. Sordariomycetes: Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae. Host: sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas ). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China, Zhejiang, Japan, Kyushu, Ryukyu Islands, Korea Republic, Taiwan), North America (USA, California, Hawaii, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, New Jersey, Ohio, Texas, Virginia), Oceania (New Zealand, Niue), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Peru).

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50

"Maize mosaic nucleorhabdovirus. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 1) (August 1, 1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500736.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Maize mosaic nucleorhabdovirus Viruses: Rhabdoviridae: Nucleorhabdovirus Hosts: Mainly maize (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, India, Maharashtra, Yemen, AFRICA, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, Tanzania, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Florida, Hawaii, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Cuba, Guadeloupe, Puerto Rico, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

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