Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „ASEAN 4”
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1
Rogozhina, Nataliya Grigorievna. "Regional Security in South-East Asia in the Context of American “Indo-Pacific Region” Project". RUDN Journal of World History 12, nr 4 (15.12.2020): 338–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2020-12-4-338-353.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the position of the countries of South-East Asia on the construction of security architecture in the region within the framework of the Indo-Pacific region project in the format promoted by the USA. The article examines in detail the factors that determine the attitude of Southeast Asian countries to the American doctrine of free and open Indo-Pacific, which they assess as strategically risky and leading to deformation of the existing security system in the region with the loss of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) its central role in ensuring its stability. The response of the Southeast Asian countries to external challenges was the formation of their own concept Aseans - "Outlook On The Indo-Pacific, which reflects their views on the nature of the relationship within the emerging community. The author analyzes in detail the content of the ASEAN doctrine, which emphasizes the promotion of economic cooperation between the countries of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, in contrast to the geostrategic orientation of the American concept. Three main areas of cooperation are distinguished - maritime cooperation, the development of connectivity and interaction in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Offering such a format for engaging, ASAEN countries proceed from the need to strengthen trust between countries as the most important condition for maintaining peace and order in the region based on the traditional principles of ASEAN. These include: openness, transparency, inclusiveness, rules-based world order anchored on international law, respect for sovereignty, non-interference, equality, mutual trust and respect. ASEANs position remains unchanged in maintaining its central role in the evolution of the regional security architecture. Speaking from the position of multirealism, ASEAN sees a way to overcome the conflict of interests in the region in the context of escalating rivalry between the US and China, in creating a synergistic security system based on mechanisms associated with ASEAN. In the ASEAN concept, India-Pacific Region appears as a region of dialogue and cooperation, rather than competition, open to participation of China in the project. The author comes to the conclusion that such format is justified both from the point of view of strategic interests of the countries of Southeast Asia and the whole region, if the relations within it are based on the principles advocated by ASEAN. However, as the author emphasizes, the project proposed by the Southeast Asian countries raises many questions, the main of which is its feasibility in the context of the emerging split of the region along the axis of US-China rivalry for leadership in Asia. Nevertheless, as the author notes, the tendency to strengthen economic cooperation between the countries located in the basin of two oceans creates the basis for the growth of their interest in developing a stable security architecture.
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CHOW, Kit Boey, i Kiyoshi FUJIKAWA. "Interdependency among ASEAN-4". Input-Output Analysis 9, nr 4 (2000): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11107/papaios.9.4_4.
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Fauziah, Yusrin. "Pengaruh Perkembangan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di ASEAN 4". Jurnal Ekonomi Akuntansi dan Manajemen 20, nr 2 (11.10.2021): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jeam.v20i2.25283.
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ASEAN is an organization in the Southeast Asian region which has ten member countries. Among the ten ASEAN member countries, there are four countries that have the same characteristics, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand. The four countries are developing countries with low to medium income, where the economy is supported by Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This study aims to see the effect of the number of workers, the value of exports and the value of MSME capital loans on economic growth in ASEAN 4. The MSMEs studied are MSMEs in four ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand) since 2009-2018. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression using panel data by performing statistical tests (F test, t test and R2 test) and classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation). Data analysis shows that the number of workers and the value of MSME capital loans have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in ASEAN 4. Meanwhile, the export value of MSMEs has a positive but not significant effect on economic growth in ASEAN 4.
Keywords: MSMEs, Employment, Exports, Capital Loans and Economic Growth.
4
Ito, Shoichi, i Yasushi Iguchi. "Japanese Direct Investment and its Impact on Migration in the ASEAN 4". Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 3, nr 2-3 (czerwiec 1994): 265–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300204.
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Although the manufacturing sector's share of employment is still small in ASEAN-4 countries, the development of manufacturing, especially labor-intensive industries, will be indispensable for absorbing part of the increase in labor force. In these countries, Japanese direct investment (JDI) has been more highly concentrated in the manufacturing sector than JDI in other regions. The Japanese “New Asian Industrial Development (AID) Plan” is a comprehensive economic cooperation package, which supports the introduction of JDI and the promotion of exports in ASEAN-4 countries. JDI and AID may, in turn, help alleviate the domestic labor market situation and reduce the incentive for workers of ASEAN-4 countries to migrate to work overseas.
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Sufian, Fadzlan, i Muzafar Shah Habibullah. "FINANCIAL CRISIS, IMF, AND BANK EFFICIENCY: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE ASEAN-4 BANKING SECTORS". Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 12, nr 2 (29.10.2010): 123–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v12i2.369.
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Despite its severity and deep influence on both the real and financial sectors, empirical evidence on the evolution of the performance of the ASEAN-4 banking sectors since the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis is relatively scarce. By employing the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach the present study examines for the first time the impact of the Asian financial crisis on the efficiency of the ASEAN-4 countries banking sectors. This study focuses on two major approaches vis. intermediation and revenue approaches. The empirical findings suggest that the estimates of technical efficiency are consistently higher under the revenue approach. We find that banks are relatively inefficient in a more concentrated banking market. However, when we control for countries that participate in IMF program, the concentration ratio exhibits a positive relationship with bank efficiency levels, implying that the more concentrated banking system which participates in IMF program is relatively more efficient in their intermediation function during the post crisis period. Keywords: Efficiency, DEA, ASEAN, Regression.JEL Classification: G21; G28
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., Asni. "Effect of Corruption in ASEAN (Case Study 4 ASEAN Countries)". Journal of Legal Subjects, nr 23 (25.05.2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jls23.1.5.
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Corruption is a global problem that is always a debate in all countries. Corruption has existed for a long time and it is a problem that exists in developing and developed countries. Many sectors are harmed by the attitude and behavior of corruption, and this greatly affects the economic growth of a country and can reduce the economic growth of a country. The purpose of this study is to see and analyze the impact of corruption in ASEAN countries in 2016-2021 by using panel data to conduct the FEM test. The objects of research are Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia and the Philippines. This study shows that economic growth in several ASEAN countries is influenced by the corruption perception index and has a positive effect on economic growth. In addition, government spending and consumption have a positive effect on economic growth, while free trade has a negative effect on economic growth.
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., Asni. "Effect of Corruption in ASEAN (Case Study 4 ASEAN Countries)". Journal of Legal Subjects, nr 23 (25.05.2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jls231.5.
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Corruption is a global problem that is always a debate in all countries. Corruption has existed for a long time and it is a problem that exists in developing and developed countries. Many sectors are harmed by the attitude and behavior of corruption, and this greatly affects the economic growth of a country and can reduce the economic growth of a country. The purpose of this study is to see and analyze the impact of corruption in ASEAN countries in 2016-2021 by using panel data to conduct the FEM test. The objects of research are Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia and the Philippines. This study shows that economic growth in several ASEAN countries is influenced by the corruption perception index and has a positive effect on economic growth. In addition, government spending and consumption have a positive effect on economic growth, while free trade has a negative effect on economic growth.
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Shaternikov, Pavel. "Challenges and Threats to ASEAN's Security on the Way to East Timor's Accession to the Association". South East Asia Actual problems of Development, nr 4 (53) (2021): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2021-4-4-53-166-175.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the successes and failures of East Timor on the way to joining ASEAN, summarizes the results of the first two decades of independence and analyzes the concerns of the rest of the Southeast Asian countries regarding a new participant in international relations in the region. There is no consensus about the real reasons that East Timor has not yet become an ASEAN member. In 2002, the reason for the young state's refusal of membership was insufficient economic development particularly the country was able to open embassies only in two capitals of the ASEAN countries – Kuala Lumpur and Jakarta. Indonesia initially advocated the entry of its former 27th province into the Association. Laos and Singapore opposed it, but since 2018, Singapore has openly declared that it supports East Timor's accession to ASEAN as a full eleventh member. Nevertheless, a whole complex of problems and contradictions does not allow the ASEAN countries to accept a new member into the ranks of the Association.
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Vladimirova, Alina. "Russia-ASEAN Trade Relations: Are These Nations Getting Closer?" South East Asia Actual problems of Development, nr 4 (53) (2021): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2021-4-4-53-055-066.
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Russian politicians and experts often emphasize the importance of strengthening foreign trade relations with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), however, they give very di-verse assessments of this cooperation. Thus, we present a range of statistical indicators and related infographics that allow us to explore the development of foreign trade between Russia and the ASEAN countries in 2000-2019. We also use a latent space model to answer the question of whether these nations are getting closer.
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KANAEV, Evgeny A. "THE DIGITAL AGENDA OF ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY 2025: A RESPONSE FROM THE SINGAPORE AIRLINES". Southeast Asia: Actual Problems of Development, nr 4(57) (2022): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2022-4-4-57-153-165.
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As the deadline for the establishment of the ASEAN Community to 2025 is approaching, the association attaches increasing importance to the digital dimension of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). Arguably, the ASEAN is far from fulfilling its goals, mostly, in regard to making Southeast Asia a unified manufacturing and doing business area. Concerning the association’s plans to provide intra-ASEAN cooperation with digital support, many obstacles remain in place. In these circumstances, much will depend upon the “down-top” vector. Specifically, Southeast Asian industry and business champions, among which the company Singapore Airlines figures prominently, can lead by example. The article scrutinizes the measures implemented by the Sin-gapore Airlines to digitalize its business activity with an emphasis on the COVID-19 pandemic period and distinguished fundamental factors behind their success. The author argues that although the experience of the Singapore Airlines is an individual example rather than a general pattern of business activity in Southeast Asia, regional companies will be increasingly introducing similar practices, or at least their major components, in the years to come.
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Kalawong, Suebwong. "COLLABORATION MODEL FOR ASEAN UNIVERSITY NETWORK: A CASE STUDY OF PHRANAKHON RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY AND NETWORKING UNIVERSITIES IN ASEAN COUNTRIES". CBU International Conference Proceedings 4 (15.09.2016): 603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v4.837.
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One prominent strategy of the university network of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is to promote collaboration between the ASEAN universities. Although there are Memorandum of Understandings (MOUs) among Asian Universities, the number of collaborative actions are considered extremely low. More than 10 years, PNRU implement on collaboration policy with other ASEAN’s universities. The processes and obstructions of the collaboration between universities in ASEAN were studied by the researcher. This study showed present situation of PNRU and other ASEAN’s universities collaboration. Therefore, the collaboration model between universities in ASEAN was established. The findings revealed that PNRU pursued collaborative activities covering only student and personnel exchange programs. The collaboration obstacles were: 1) policies and goals, 2) implementation plans, 3) university bureaucracy, and 4) language proficiency. A model for university collaboration comprised collaboration processes and principles. A collaboration model for the ASEAN university network involves clear goals, financial and resource support, implementation planning, and raising awareness of participants for collaboration.
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Thomson, Elspeth. "ASEAN and Northeast Asian energy security: Cooperation or competition?" East Asia 23, nr 3 (wrzesień 2006): 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12140-006-0011-4.
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Sufian, Fadzlan, i Muzafar Shah Habibullah. "FINANCIAL CRISIS, IMF, AND BANK EFFICIENCY: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE ASEAN-4 BANKING SECTORS". Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 12, nr 2 (29.10.2010): 133–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v12i2.353.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Despite its severity and deep influence on both the real and financial sectors, empirical evidence on the evolution of the performance of the ASEAN-4 banking sectors since the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis is relatively scarce. By employing the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach the present study examines for the first time the impact of the Asian financial crisis on the efficiency of the ASEAN-4 countries banking sectors. This study focuses on two major approaches vis. intermediation and revenue approaches. The empirical findings suggest that the estimates of technical efficiency are consistently higher under the revenue approach. We find that banks are relatively inefficient in a more concentrated banking market. However, when we control for countries that participate in IMF program, the concentration ratio exhibits a positive relationship with bank efficiency levels, implying that the more concentrated banking system which participates in IMF program is relatively more efficient in their intermediation function during the post crisis period.Keywords: Bank, Efficiency, DEA, ASEAN.JEL Classification: G21; G28
14
Shuquan, He. "Competition among China and ASEAN-5 in the US Market: A New Extension to Shift-Share Analysis". SocioEconomic Challenges 3, nr 4 (2019): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.3(4).129-137.2019.
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The United States has a robust trade and investment relationship with China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). ASEAN is collectively the fourth-largest trading partner, and China is one of the largest trade partners of the United States, the largest export destination for China. Thus, China and ASEAN countries are competing in the US market intensively. The purpose of this paper is to calculate the net gains or losses for the ASEAN-5 Members and China during 1993 and 2007 in the US market. There are two main contributions of this paper: one is to dynamically estimate the net shifts of the economies as compared to the traditional comparative static approach; the other is to extend the shift‐share analysis to attribute the net gains or losses to competing exporters. This study adopts the widely used shift-share analysis technique to exam the net gains or losses for the ASEAN-5 and China during 1993-2007 in the Unites Sates market. The paper provides a new extension to the shift‐share analysis to attribute the net shift to competing economies with a dynamic approach. The paper applies the methodology to the competition among China and ASEAN-5 in the US import market with the data drawn from World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS), a data consultation and extraction software developed by the World Bank. The discussion focuses on three periods: 1993-1997, 1998-2002 and 2003-2007. In general, China performs the best among the competing economies. Among the ASEAN-5 Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand perform better than the other two members. During the first period, all economies have positive export growth as the actual export growth shows. However, in terms of net shift, only China and the Philippines are the winners with positive value of net shifts. During the second period, China stands out while the ASEAN economies show negative net shifts values. Similar is the case for the third period. In terms of the industries, China focuses on different industries during the thee periods, and the ASEAN economies depend heavily on a few industries. China’s gains in these industries are much bigger than the ASEAN economies’ gains in value. The ASEAN economies gain in small numbers of industries with small values. When attributed the gains or losses to competing economies, China only loses to the Philippines during 1993-1997, and gains from all competing economies during all periods. Though net losers, the ASEAN-5 also gain from other competing economies. For example, Indonesia gains from Singapore and Thailand during 1993-1997, from the Philippines and Singapore during 1998-2002, from Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore during 2003-2007. The trade war between the United States and China provides opportunity for the ASEAN countries in the Unites Sates market, however, there are negative impacts on the ASEAN countries as well. The ASEAN countries are more vulnerable. Keywords: shift-share analysis, export competitiveness, Asia, ASEAN, China.
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Green, David Jay. "Convergence and cohesion within the ASEAN-4". Journal of Asian Economics 5, nr 1 (marzec 1994): 119–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1049-0078(94)90039-6.
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Demina, Yulia A. "EAEU and ASEAN: Reasons for differences in FDI inflows with similar integration models". RUDN Journal of Economics 30, nr 4 (15.12.2022): 449–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2022-30-4-449-466.
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In the modern world economy, we can observe, how some regional economic integration associations are becoming centers of attraction for foreign direct investment (FDI), while others are experiencing an acute shortage of them. This situation can be traced when comparing two integration groupings - the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Information from various media and scientifi publications indicates that the EAEU, of which Russia is a member, today can hardly be called successful in attracting FDI. ASEAN, on the contrary, is the largest recipient of foreign capital among developing countries. In order to actually support this information and determine specifi quantitative discrepancies between the volume of FDI infl to the EAEU and the volume of FDI infl to ASEAN, relevant statistical data were analyzed. It has been proved that the infl of FDI to the EAEU, even during favorable periods of growth, was signifi lower than the infl of FDI to ASEAN. Such circumstances make you think about the reasons that cause them, and also raise additional questions. What are the competitive advantages in ASEAN for attracting FDI in comparison with the EAEU? What can the EAEU do to attract more FDI? To answer these questions, a comparative analysis of the EAEU and ASEAN was carried out, including two stages. The fi stage was to compare their main economic and geographical indicators, and the second stage was to compare them with the position of the motives of foreign investors. It is concluded that the main reasons for the diff in FDI infl to ASEAN and to EAEU are, fi , the stronger position of ASEAN in economic and geographical indicators, and, secondly, the availability of conditions in ASEAN to satisfy almost any of the motives of a foreign investor. The author gives brief recommendations to the supranational bodies of the EAEU on improving conditions for foreign investors.
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Nottage, Luke, i Sakda Thanitcul. "Special Issue: International Investment Arbitration in Southeast Asia". Journal of World Investment & Trade 18, nr 5-6 (6.12.2017): 767–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340061.
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Abstract The dynamic economies of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have individually concluded many standalone bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and a growing number of bilateral and regional free trade agreements (FTAs), supplemented by intra-ASEAN and ‘ASEAN+’ agreements. These aim to facilitate and protect burgeoning foreign direct investment (FDI) flows, outlined in Part 2, including large outflows recently from several states. Part 3 outlines treaty-making trends, including considerable consistency from many member states as well as some interesting innovations, against the backdrop of persistent problems of poor governance. Part 4 highlights nonetheless the relative paucity of investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) claims against ASEAN member states, with only a few adverse awards, which helps explain why treaty-based ISDS has not been abandoned. Part 5 also notes several contributions from this ISDS case law to international investment law, and Southeast Asia’s potential to keep influencing its trajectory.
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Ikeda, Shuichi, i Phumin Silapunt. "Introduction to the Project for Strengthening the ASEAN Regional Capacity on Disaster Health Management (ARCH Project)". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 37, S1 (luty 2022): s1—s10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x22000036.
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AbstractBackground:Southeast Asia is the second biggest region in the world in terms of the total number of natural disasters since 1900. Therefore, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) initiated regional challenges toward strengthening regional collaboration for disaster prevention and response since the earthquake of Sumatra in Indonesia occurred in 2004. Moreover, ASEAN Leaders signed “the ASEAN Declaration on One ASEAN, One Response” in 2016. Under these circumstances, ASEAN decided to implement the Project for Strengthening the ASEAN Regional Capacity on Disaster Health Management (ARCH Project).Objectives:The objective of the ARCH Project is to strengthen coordination on disaster health management (DHM) for rapid and effective response to disasters occurring in the ASEAN region and to enhance the capacity of each ASEAN Member State (AMS) on DHM. This article aims to overview the outline and its strategy, and review the progress of the project.Methods:ARCH Project is an ASEAN official project supported by Japan’s official development assistance. Five outputs were launched for: (1) coordination platform on DHM; (2) framework of regional collaboration practices; (3) tools for effective regional collaboration; (4) enhancement of academic network on DHM; and (5) capacity development activities for each AMS. The Project was reviewed in terms of accomplishment and evaluation criteria.Results:Regional Coordination Committee on DHM was established as a coordination platform to: Oversee the implementation of the ARCH Project for the Output 1; Regional Collaboration Drill was developed and conducted for the Output 2; The standard operating procedure for coordination of emergency medical teams (EMTs) in ASEAN was developed for the Output 3; Various presentations on ARCH were made in academic conferences for the Output 4; and Several training programs and educational curricula were developed for the Output 5. The Project has accomplished its Project Purpose and satisfied all the indicators set. ARCH Project has high Relevance, Impact, Sustainability, and Effectiveness, while some improvements in Efficiency are needed.Conclusions:ARCH Project is the first-ever successful regional cooperation mechanism and standardization of DHM in ASEAN, one of the most disaster-prone regions. It also contributes to the capacity building of AMS. The ARCH Project has a remarkable impact on the resilience and flexible medical response to disasters, although continuous efforts of stakeholders to make this initiative sustainable are necessary.
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Yusop, Zulkornain, i Tajul Ariffin Masron. "Openness, productivity and allocation efficiency in ASEAN-4". World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 4, nr 4 (2007): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/wrstsd.2007.015369.
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McKibbin, Warwick J., i Wing Thye Woo. "The Consequences of China's WTO Accession for Its Neighbors". Asian Economic Papers 2, nr 2 (marzec 2003): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/153535103772624772.
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Our simulations of a global macroeconomic model suggest that China's WTO accession could create significant welfare losses in the ASEAN-4 if foreign direct investment (FDI) is significantly redirected away from these countries toward China, and if the ASEAN-4 countries are unable to implement policies to make up for the slower rate of technological diffusion from the reduced FDI inflow. If the ASEAN-4 do not fall behind technologically, then they will be able to find lucrative niches within the lengthened international manufacturing production chains. The ASEAN-4 must therefore strengthen their abilities to absorb new foreign technologies quickly and to engage in indigenous technical innovations.
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Andaiyani, Sri, i Telisa Aulia Falianty. "ASEAN CREDIT GROWTH AND ASSET PRICE RESPONSE TO GLOBAL FINANCIAL CYCLE". Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 20, nr 2 (31.10.2017): 203–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v20i2.812.
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An upsurge and volatility of capital flows to Emerging Asian Economies indicated that there is the potential effect of global financial cycle to emerging market. It provides an overview of investor risk aversion in short term investment after financial crisis 2008. Global financial cycle could have a significant impact not only to credit growth but also asset prices, including equity prices and property prices. Rey (2015) has triggered an interesting discussion about global financial cycle. She found that there was a global financial cycle in capital flows, asset prices and credit growth. This cycle was co-moves with the VIX, a measure of uncertainty and risk aversion of the markets. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze empirically global financial cycle shocks, measured by the VIX, on credit, equity prices and property prices in ASEAN-4, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. We estimate quarterly frequency data from Q1 1990 to Q2 2016 with Panel Vector Autoregressive (PVAR) approach. The result of this study showed that the response of asset markets and credit to global financial cycle shocks is negative. This result is consistent with ASEAN-4 as small open economies that remain vulnerable to the global factor. This study contributes to the literature in several ways. First, we identify not only cyclical expansions orcontraction in asset markets but also the impact of global financial cycle to credit growth and asset markets in ASEAN-4 countries. Second, we also identify the pattern of cycle in ASEAN-4 countries. Third, we used PVAR approach that can capture heterogeneity.
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Boisseau du Rocher, Sophie. "ASEAN and Northeast Asia: stakes and implications for the European Union–ASEAN partnership". Asia Europe Journal 4, nr 2 (25.05.2006): 229–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10308-006-0056-4.
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Wahab, Hishamuddin Abdul, Obiyathulla Ismath Bacha, Norhazlina Ibrahim, Ahmad Monir Abdullah i Nurul Afaaf Mohd Nasir. "An Assessment of Currency Exposure of Non-Financial Firms in ASEAN-4: Insights using the Stock Returns and Cash Flow Methodologies". Asian Economic and Financial Review 12, nr 12 (22.11.2022): 1002–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5002.v12i12.4666.
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This study examines the extent and nature of foreign exchange exposure in 405 listed corporations operating in the ASEAN-4 nations, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. The study period of 23 years, from 1995 to 2017, covers the two major crisis periods, the Asian financial crisis (AFC) of 1997 and the global financial crisis (GFC) of 2008. Our study improves on earlier work by using two alternative assessment methods, i.e., stock returns (SR) and cash flow (CF) methods. We report several interesting and noteworthy results. First, we find that the stock returns approach results in a higher incidence of exchange rate exposure relative to the cash flow method. Specifically, about 65% and 28% of the total ASEAN-4 firms had significant exposure to all currencies under the stock returns and cash flow methods, respectively. Second, we find the sample firms to have predominant exposure to the US dollar, signifying the important role played by the United States (US) as the major trading partner of the ASEAN-4. Third, when evaluating time-varying exposure, we find that the incidence of the exchange rate exposure is event-specific. Most of our sample firms were highly exposed to exchange rates during the mid-points of the AFC and the GFC.
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Banna, Hasanul, i Md Rabiul Alam. "Impact of digital financial inclusion on ASEAN banking stability: implications for the post-Covid-19 era". Studies in Economics and Finance 38, nr 2 (31.05.2021): 504–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-09-2020-0388.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate how digital financial inclusion (DFI) can be a potential factor to maintain banking stability in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries and whether the relationship could bring a possible implication for the post-Covid-19 pandemic era. Design/methodology/approach Using an unbalanced panel data of 213 banks of 4 ASEAN countries, the study has deployed principal component analysis, ordinary least square, two-step dynamic system generalised method of moments and panel corrected standard errors techniques. Findings The empirical study finds that the full-fledged application of DFI accelerates the ASEAN banking stability which not only decreases the default risk of the banks but also upturns the financial mobility in the region. The results also suggest that ASEAN banks are, with the implementation of DFI, likely to uphold the banking sector stability by reducing liquidity crisis and non-performing loans during and in the post-Covid-19 era. Therefore, accelerating digital finance in ASEAN countries is considered as one of the significant means for the banking sector stability that subsequently leads to economic and financial resilience even in the face of any crises. Originality/value Prevailing studies have mostly investigated the association between financial inclusion and banking stability in different contexts. However, this study is unique to empirically investigate the association between DFI and the ASEAN banking stability.
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Ariefianto, Moch Doddy, i Perry Warjiyo. "CO-MOVEMENT 4 PERIOD ASEAN CURRENCY 1997-2005 A THEORY APPLICATION NAMELY OPTIMAL CURRENCY AREA USING VECTOR ERROR CORRECTION MODEL". Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 12, nr 4 (19.11.2010): 447–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v12i4.380.
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Starting from the Optimum Currency Area (OCA), this paper utilize the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to identify the dynamic short term and the long term co-movement between the ASEAN 4 currencies, including their existing fundamental mechanism. There are at least 3 important findings, (i) the co-movement between the ASEAN 4 currencies is not proved empirically, (ii) the theory of OCA does not robust in explaining the co-movement pattern in ASEAN, and (iii) the existance of OCA is a global phenomena, indicated from the significance of Yen currency on the ASEAN 4. These findings led to a conclusion of this paper that the ongoing economic integration as well as the financial one in ASEAN are not enough to form a unified monetary arrangement nor a common currency in this region.JEL Classification : F02, F36, F33, C32Keywords : Co-Movement, Optimum Currency Area, Vector Error Correction Model.
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Lebedeva, O. V. "JAPANESE DIPLOMACY WITHIN ASEAN REGIONAL FORUM (ARF): SOME ASPECTS OF THE REGIONAL SECURITY". MGIMO Review of International Relations, nr 4(31) (28.08.2013): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2013-4-31-12-21.
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The article is devoted to the issue of Japan policy in South-East Asia specifically to Japanese diplomacy within ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF). ARF created in 1994 was the first multilateral forum were regional security issues of Southeastern countries could be discussed. Japan took part in creation of the Forum and is its active participant. Since mid 90th Japanese diplomacy used ASEAN Regional Forum platform to promote its own national security interests in addition to other bilateral and multilateral activities. One of the first subjects for discussion at ARF was China nuclear activity and nuclear tests. The issues of constant concern remain territorial disputes in East China Sea and South China Sea. Specific regional topics like China-Taiwan relations, Cambodia, ideas for Northeastern Asian security forum, India and Pakistan nuclear tests, Asian financial crisis of the 90th were also in focus of ARF discussions. Annual sessions of the Forum gave Japan opportunity to articulate concerns, promote its interests and negotiate topics on bilateral level. Of vital security concern for Japan was and remains to exist North Korean nuclear program. For the last two decades the country took a great activity in the work of ASEAN Regional Forum and it could be stated that ARF remains to be an important mechanism for Japan diplomacy to address important issues security and stability in Southeastern Asia.
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Kozár, László, i György Iván Neszmélyi. "Hungarian endeavours for the enhancement of economic relations in Southeast Asia focusing on a new partnership with Vietnam". Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 11, nr 3-4 (12.05.2020): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2017/3-4/1.
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Beyond a brief review of the economic integration process among the states of the ASEAN region, the authors of the present study aimed to examine and analyze the main economic, social and political characteristics of the Hungaro-ASEAN relations. The importance of the topic of this research is underlined by the fact that the Hungarian government considers big importance to the improvement of the foreign economic relations with Asian economies. This intention was expressed by a new foreign economic strategy „Eastern opening” announced by the government in 2012, even though the foreign trade statistical figures did not justify its success by now.The authors believe that increasing opening towards Asia serves Hungarian economic interests. Therefore, it is a right and desirable direction to proceed, they consider that in the background of the modest results there might be the insufficient knowledge of the market mechanisms, the actors of the local supply chains and the potential partners. They believe that in order to make the Hungarian foreign economic endeavours in this direction more successful a more thorough examination of the local characteristics – including the actual demand arising at the targeted markets - is necessary. This opinion is prevalent to not only the Asian „Giants”, like China, India and Japan, but also to smaller states, like the ASEAN members, which – together - in terms of population and economic performance – reach the dimensions of an economic great power as well.Furthermore, the integration of the ten Southeast Asian countries develops rapidly, which is coupled by their increasing weight in the world trade. The dynamic economic and social development in the ASEAN region – and in parallel with this the growing demands and purchasing power - may encourage the Hungarian ventures in theory. However, there are still very few Hungarian entrepreneurs, who are ready to enter the market in the region and able in long run to operate there successfully. It is a well-known fact that the since the regime has changed in Hungary, foreign trade became strongly concentrated towards the EU members.The ASEAN countries – because of the geographic distance and by other reasons - definitely cannot mean an alternative of the EU market, however in a certain extent they can relieve this one-sided concentration and may provide additional opportunities for the Hungarian export of goods, and rather to the export of Hungarian services and know-how. The ratio of the ASEAN region within the entire Hungarian foreign trade turnover is small nowadays, furthermore – according to the statistical figures – this region is rather an import resource for Hungary than being an export market. This fact – just itself – is should not be considered as problem. When the amount of the import exceeds the amount of exports, that means that it is more worthwhile to do business with suppliers from there countries than with others. By and large all this is prevalent to the field of the agricultural trade as well: Hungary imports a range of commodities which cannot be produced by domestic farmers or in Europe (spices, tropical fruits, etc.). It is obvious that the ASEAN region cannot be the major market for the Hungarian agricultural export, not even in long run. However, there are still a lot of opportunities to enlarge the turnover of goods and services and enhance the co-operation in this geographic region. In the last chapter, the authors outlined an example in case of Vietnam – co-operation of joint public warehousing of agricultural commodities – which may be a good example for the promising potential opportunities. In contrast with the majority of the ASEAN countries, the Hungaro-Vietnamese political and economic relations had started much earlier than the regime was changed in Hungary. However, the potential advantages arose from this fact – the network of connections and the sympathy of Vietnamese professionals graduated in Hungary, the reputation and popularity of Hungarian agricultural products and technologies, the achievements of R&D in the field of agriculture – could not be utilized from Hungarian side. Vietnam, however still preserved its socialist political establishment, but in terms of its economic development strategy and economic policy has gradually been standing on the basis of market orientation. Vietnam, with its population of ninety million shows a rapid and successful development and it means good opportunities even for Hungarian entrepreneurs. It would be a mistake to leave these potentials unused.
JEL Classification: F14, Q17, R11, N75
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Hajian, Hoda, Azali Mohamed i Shivee Ranjanee A/P Kaliappan. "Government Debt-Economic Growth Nexus in ASEAN-4 Countries". Journal of Developing Economies 7, nr 1 (28.06.2022): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jde.v7i1.30122.
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Given a background of controversial political and theoretical academic debate and diverse empirical result, as Checherita and Rother (2010) concluded government debt and economic growth relationship is a country specific issue. This paper aims to investigate the causal and dynamic effect of government debt on output growth in the context of developing economies with generally medium debt regime in ASEAN-4 countries. Namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand during 1985 to 2019 years. A robust multi-variable vector autoregressive (VAR) model at level is employed to capture the long run relations, and causality is addressed using Toda-Yamamoto (1995) approach. As a by-product of the analysis the effect of government debt on two essential factors of sustainable GDP growth, namely, private capital formation and human capital is examined. The findings of this paper which contrast with the general negative effect found in some empirical studies for developing countries, shows debt does not cause output growth in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand but the reverse is true. GDP response to debt shock is negative, positive and positive, respectively yet statistically insignificant. In other hand, in the Philippines the result shows the economy is debt-driven as debt positively cause GDP without improving private investment or human capital. Overall, the findings support well debt management. Given current debt regime, improvements on tax collection and government fund allocation in terms of priorities and efficiencies must be continued.
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Masri, Indah. "International Tax Avoidance Practice in ASEAN-4 Multinational Company". International Journal of Business Review (The Jobs Review) 4, nr 2 (1.12.2021): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/tjr.v4i2.40522.
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This study held an evaluation on the role of Tax Risk Management and Government Governance in accordance with international tax practice with tax avoidance. This study uses panel data from year 2010 to 2016 of multinational companies in 4 ASEAN countries namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Philipines as samples. The study result proves that Tax Risk Management and Government Governance successfully decrease international tax avoidance practice in multinational companies in ASEAN especially on Thin capitalization and multinational practice. It means the company performing internal supervision by having task risk management and a better government governance can minimize the negative impact of international tax avoidance practice. Meanwhile, tax havens practice is not significantly influenced since some samples of this study are multinational companies in tax haven country namely, Singapore and Labuan Malaysia. Therefore, the role of task risk management and government governance is not too significant.
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Manning, Chris. "Labour Markets in the ASEAN‐4 and the NIEs". Asian-Pacific Economic Literature 13, nr 1 (maj 1999): 50–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8411.00050.
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Sembiring, Benny Lala. "Analisa Kesepakatan ASEAN Open Skies Terhadap Lalu Lintas Penumpang dan Pesawat di Asia Tenggara". WARTA ARDHIA 46, nr 1 (4.12.2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/wa.v46i1.390.18-25.
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Sektor transportasi udara merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam mendukung kegiatan perekonomian di suatu negara. untuk mencapai hal tersebut negara-negara yang tergabung di dalam ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nation) sepakat untuk menjalankan kebijakan liberalisasi transportasi udara atau lebih dikenal dengan ASEAN Single Aviation Market (ASAM) atau ASEAN Open Skies. Tujuan dari kebijakan tersebut adalah meliberalisasi akses pasar dengan mengendurkan hambatan kebebasan transportasi udara (freedom of air) yang ke-3, ke-4 dan ke-5 antar negara-negara anggota ASEAN. Studi ini secara spesifik bertujuan untuk menghitung akibat dari kesepakatan ASEAN Single Aviation Market terhadap volume penumpang internasional dan maskapai penerbangan (low-cost carrier/LCC dan full-service carrier/FSC). Studi ini menggunakan data lalu lintas penumpang dan pesawat yang diperoleh dari OAG (official airline guide) yaitu data lalu lintas udara dengan rute kedatangan dan keberangkatan 30 bandara utama internasional di Asia Timur dan Asia Tenggara, pada periode waktu tahun 2010, 2015 dan 2017). Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada studi ini menggunakan DID (Difference in Differences) fixed effects, dengan jumlah observasi sebanyak 232,437 OD city pair (Origin-destination city pair). Hasil dari studi menunjukkan bahwa kesepakatan ASEAN Open Skies berdampak positif terhadap lalu lintas penumpang dan pesawat, yaitu total penumpang internasional, penumpang LCC, maskapai LCC, dan maskapai FSC pada rute antar-kota di Asia Tenggara, baik rute kedatangan maupun keberangkatan. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menambah literatur yang terkait dengan industri penerbangan khususnya tentang liberalisasi transportasi udara.
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Vershinina, Valeria V. "ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting Plus (ADMM+) as a New Element in the Emerging Security Architecture of the Southeast Asia". South East Asia: Actual problems of Development, nr 4(49) (2020): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2020-3-4-49-034-046.
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In the recent decades despite the existing broad network of the multilateral security formats in the Asia-Pacific region a high level of conflicts and old disputes remain, while non-military security challenges and threats are becoming more complicated. Among the most well-known are the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) and the East Asian Summit (EAS). Nevertheless, given the increasing destabilization in the region, one can state that the above-mentioned formats proved ineffective and as a result, new solutions need to be found. One of such possible solutions is an initiative proposed by Vietnam to create a new format known as ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting Plus (ADMM+).
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Tampubolon, Jongkers, i Tongam Sihol Nababan. "ASEAN’s Factory Economy in the Fourth Industrial Revolution Era". Economy of regions 18, nr 1 (2022): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-1-4.
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East Asia is the most dynamic region showing high economic growth in the last decades. This is attributed to the “Factory Asia”, which refers to regional fragmentation of production. In this case, technologically advanced countries, also called headquarter economies, hollow out the most labour-intensive production stage to the ASEAN countries and make it a “factory economy” producing parts and components. Technological developments in the fourth industrial revolution era have introduced labour-saving technologies in the manufacturing sector. As a result, low wages have become a less important determinant of competitiveness, which is predicted to end “factory Asia.” This study examines whether the adoption of Industry 4.0 in manufacturing is detrimental to the factory economy. It investigates intra-ASEAN regional relations and their relationship with headquarter economies, including the USA, Japan, China, and Korea (ASEAN + 1). Utilising the Regional Trade Introversion Index (RTII) analysis tool, the study examines the interdependency between the ASEAN countries and the headquarter economies. The vertical intra-industry trade approach was used to assess the quality of ASEAN’s exports to the headquarter economies. The results showed that ASEAN’s factory economy was not disrupted by the adoption of Industry 4.0 in the manufacturing sector. With a high intra-industry trade index and the positive intra-ASEAN RTII, the ASEAN trade block strengthens. Exports of higher quality products from ASEAN countries to the headquarter economies, especially China and Korea, have consistently increased. Furthermore, geography is important in network production fragmentation and there is a differentiation among the headquarters and the factory economy.
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Konarovskiy, M. "Security in Asia-Pacific Region and Russian Interests". Journal of International Analytics, nr 4 (28.12.2015): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2015-0-4-7-15.
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Asian-Pacific region remains the world economy’s driving force. Against this background, old unresolved problems as well as emerging new challenges could worsen stability. Necessity of working out balanced structures to maintain regional stability and decrease the rising competition between the US and China, is on the agenda. In this respect, ASEAN has not lost its credibility. Its joint experience, as well as that of the East Asian summit, is worth reviewing for better use in common interests. The United States, for its part, is striving for creation of TPP as a tool for keeping its influence in East Asia. China is becoming Washington’s principal rival in the region and is working out its own alternative plans. It is in Russia’s interest to continue the drawing up of sectoral security structures under the ASEAN and EAS umbrella. From economic point of view, it is necessary to speed up implementation of the Siberia and Far East development projects.
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Nasution, Elvi, Sugiarto Sugiarto, Gracia Shinta S, Ugut Ugut i Edison Hulu. "Critical risk factors of the project finance loan spread in the infrastructure sector: Experience from the ASEAN countries". Accounting 7, nr 6 (2021): 1507–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2021.3.013.
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This paper finds that in ASEAN-4, the micro loan characteristics: loan amount and LIBOR whilst the macro characteristics: inflation, net export and GDP growth influence the loan spread in the project finance. However, simultaneously at the country level, the determinants of the loan spread are distinctive to each country’s infrastructure industry characteristic. The paper’s main contribution relates to the determinants of the project finance loan spread at the country level and regional level, ASEAN-4. The purpose of this paper is to fathom the critical risk factors behind the project finance loan pricing differential across the ASEAN-4 countries. Hence, the policy makers, project developers and lenders can have a better understanding of the drivers behind the project finance loan spread pricing. The study adopted an ordinary least square (OLS) regression methodology and collected data from ASEAN-4 countries consisting of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand.
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Lee, Yuan Tsao. "APEC 1996: An ASEAN perspective". Journal of Asian Economics 7, nr 2 (czerwiec 1996): 217–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1049-0078(96)90004-4.
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Malik, A. Q., i M. Asghar. "Estimation of atmospheric ozone for Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries". Renewable Energy 12, nr 2 (październik 1997): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(97)00038-4.
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Purwanti, Ni Luh Putu Wulan. "Investment Limitation Between ASEAN and Non-ASEAN Countries in Presidential Regulation: Dimension of Non-Discrimination Principles". Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) 9, nr 2 (31.07.2020): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmhu.2020.v09.i02.p02.
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Indonesia is bound by TRIMs agreements in terms of investment policies regarding goods trade and GATS regarding services trade. TRIMs and GATS as annexes of WTO agreements adhere to the non-discrimination principle namely MFN and NT. The difference in the percentage of the amount of capital that allowed to be owned in several business fields for a foreign investor to the investor from ASEAN and Non-ASEAN member countries is found in President Regulation No. 44/2016. Different treatment of non-ASEAN countries in the said Presidential Regulation whether it is a breach of the non-discrimination principle. It is deemed important to be investigated to know whether the investment regulations in Indonesia for the investors from ASEAN and Non-ASEAN countries have implemented the non-discrimination principle. Statutory and analytical of conceptual approach type in normative legal research were used in this writing. Indonesia as a developing country shall be included in the exemption by the WTO to make regulations which in this case give special treatment to ASEAN member countries as stipulated in Article 4 of the TRIMs and flexibility in implementing the non-discrimination principle referred to in Article 4 and 5 of GATS.
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BHATNAGAR, PRADIP, i CHRIS MANNING. "Regional arrangements for mode 4 in the services trade: lessons from the ASEAN experience". World Trade Review 4, nr 2 (lipiec 2005): 171–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745605002260.
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The paper deals with regional policies towards temporary labour migration (or the movement of natural persons) with specific reference to the liberalization of trade in services. The paper deals with policies towards labour migration, and progress in related Mode 4 negotiations within the GATS framework, among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN. It finds that unilateral, national policies rather than regional or multilateral commitments dominate in policies towards temporary foreign workers. Despite advances on administrative issues, little progress has been made towards achieving ‘GATS-Plus’ outcomes, partly because of the lack of a strong political commitment among member countries to liberalizing the entry of foreign workers and partly because of real or imagined shortcomings in the ‘architecture’ for Mode 4 negotiations. Weak political will has led to relatively shallow commitments with a focus on skilled workers over unskilled migrants. With regard to architectural issues, we draw attention to the weaknesses of the ‘positive list’ approach in services trade negotiations, specifically with regard to the case of labour migration. However, the interpretation of the relationship between different modes of supply has also tended to inhibit regional negotiations for Mode 4. In particular, we point to the neglect of the potential importance of independent suppliers of services. It is concluded that the ASEAN countries need to place more emphasis on regional priorities and problems in seeking more open worker flows within the region.
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Wardhono, Adhitya, Ciplis Gema Qori'ah, M. Abd Nasir i Ariz Aprilia. "Analisis Dampak Indikator Makroekonomi terhadap Investasi Portofolio di ASEAN 4". Jurnal Ekonomi Indonesia 9, nr 1 (18.06.2020): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52813/jei.v9i1.43.
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Investasi portofolio merupakan jenis investasi yang rentan terhadap guncangan baik yang bersumber dari dalam maupun luar negeri. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh guncangan variabel inflasi, suku bunga dan nilai tukar riil efektif terhadap aliran investasi portofolio di empat negara ASEAN pada periode 2001Q1–2018Q4. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan metode Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) menunjukkan bahwa suku bunga merupakan determinasi utama investasi portofolio di Singapura dan Filipina. Sedangkan inflasi dan nilai tukar menjadi determinasi utama investasi portofolio di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Studi ini merekomendasikan bahwa kebijakan pengelolaan arus modal dalam bentuk investasi portofolio sebaiknya mempertimbangkan variabel makroekonomi tersebut, mengingat besarnya potensi risiko yang dapat ditimbulkan terhadap stabilitas perekonomian terutama dalam jangka pendek.
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Makin, Anthony J. "Public Debt Sustainability and Its Macroeconomic Implications in ASEAN‑ 4". Asean Economic Bulletin 22, nr 3 (grudzień 2005): 284–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/ae22-3c.
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Ma’ruf, Ahmad, i Febriyana Aryani. "Financial Inclusion and Achievements of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in ASEAN". GATR Journal of Business and Economics Review (JBER) Vol. 4 (4) Oct-Dec 2019 4, nr 4 (29.12.2019): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jber.2019.4.4(1).
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Objective – Financial Inclusion is an essential agenda at the ASEAN level. Increasing financial inclusion aims to develop the economic capacity of the population to reduce poverty and encourage income distribution. This study aims to analyze the relationship of financial inclusion to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the aspect of poverty alleviation in ASEAN. Methodology/Technique – This study uses a quantitative approach. The data used is secondary data in the period between 2010 and 2018. Data processing uses multiple regression. The financial inclusion dimensions analyzed are the socioeconomic dimension and the infrastructure dimension. Findings – Financial Inclusion has a negative and significant relationship with the achievement of sustainable development goals (SGDs) in the aspect of poverty alleviation in ASEAN. Novelty – The statement that the development of countries in ASEAN to realize SDGs on poverty eradication becomes very important. This study is essential for policymakers regarding poverty alleviation and financial inclusion development. This study contributes to the financial inclusion literature in ASEAN with an emphasis on the socioeconomic dimension. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Financial Inclusion; Sustainable Development Goals; Poverty; ASEAN. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Ma’ruf, A; Aryani, F. 2019. Financial Inclusion and Achievements of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in ASEAN, J. Bus. Econ. Review 4(4) 147 – 155 https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2019.4.4(1) JEL Classification: G00, G28.
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Sathita Dejthongpong. "The Influence of Political System, Political Regime, Party System on Political Participation of ASEAN Member States’ People". RUDN Journal of Political Science, nr 4 (15.12.2016): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2016-4-57-65.
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This article examines the influence of political system, political regime, party system on political participation of ASEAN member states. The ten ASEAN member states have unique political background. To understand how the political systems, political regimes and party systems influence the political participation, this article divides the ten ASEAN member states into 3 groups of political regime; democracy, authoritarianism, and communism. Although each ten ASEAN member states have different political regimes, they could unite as an association intended to form a framework for regional cooperation with the implementation of three main objectives: to promote economic development, social progress and cultural development in the region through collaboration; to strengthen peace and security in Southeast Asia; the development of cooperation and mutual assistance on matters of common interest in the economic, social, cultural, technical, scientific and administrative fields. The article applies the comparative analysis methodology by comparing political system, political regime, party system which have influences on political participation of ASEAN member states’ people.
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Ozawa, Terutomo. "Exploring the Asian Economic Miracle: Politics, Economics, Society, Culture, and History — A Review Article". Journal of Asian Studies 53, nr 1 (luty 1994): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2059529.
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Structural upgrading and industrial dynamismin Pacific Asia—initially Japan, then the Asian NIEs (Newly Industrializing Economies: South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore) following closely behind, and most recently, ASEAN 4 (Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines)—have been unprecedentedly phenomenal. This regional supergrowth in industrial activities has become the center of attention, but the evolving changes in the political systems and societal structures of the Pacific Asian nations have been, no doubt, equally important, although rather subtle and not so dramatic in appearance.
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Patikorn, Chanthawat, Ahmad Khaldun Ismail, Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin, Iekhsan Othman, Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk i Suthira Taychakhoonavudh. "Potential economic and clinical implications of improving access to snake antivenom in five ASEAN countries: A cost-effectiveness analysis". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, nr 11 (16.11.2022): e0010915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010915.
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Background Despite domestic production of antivenoms in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, not all victims with snakebite envenomings indicated for antivenom received the appropriate or adequate effective dose of antivenom due to insufficient supply and inadequate access to antivenoms. We aimed to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis to project the potential economic and clinical impact of improving access to antivenoms when all snakebite envenomings in ASEAN countries were hypothetically treated with geographically appropriate antivenoms. Methodology Using a decision analytic model with input parameters from published literature, local data, and expert opinion, we projected the impact of “full access” (100%) to antivenom, compared to “current access” in five most impacted ASEAN countries, including Indonesia (10%), Philippines (26%), Vietnam (37%), Lao PDR (4%), and Myanmar (64%), from a societal perspective with a lifetime time horizon. Sensitivity analyses were performed. Principal findings In base-case analyses, full access compared to current access to snake antivenom in the five countries resulted in a total of 9,362 deaths averted (-59%), 230,075 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted (-59%), and cost savings of 1.3 billion USD (-53%). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of improving access to antivenom found higher outcomes but lower costs in all countries. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses of 1,000 iterations found that 98.1–100% of ICERs were cost-saving. Conclusion/Significance Improving access to snake antivenom will result in cost-saving for ASEAN countries. Our findings emphasized the importance of further strengthening regional cooperation, investment, and funding to improve the situation of snakebite victims in ASEAN countries.
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Tuan Kamaruddin, T. N. A., N. Abu Husain, M. A. Meor Said, Y. Aminanda, A. Ma’aram, N. I. Mohd Zaki, M. K. Abu Husain i M. H. Johari. "The Fantastic Four Stakeholders in ASEAN NCAP". Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia 5, nr 2 (1.05.2021): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.171.
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This paper will discuss the responsibilities and contributions of key stakeholders for ASEAN NCAP as well as their aspirations for the future ASEAN NCAP roadmap. The key stakeholders are: (1) government- related entities (2) automotive industry players (3) academia and (4) consumers. A Steering Committee (SC) has been set up to govern the ASEAN NCAP with the support from the Technical Committee (TC). Four Working Groups (WG) for each pillar of Frontal Impact (FIWG), Side Impact (SIWG), Child Restraint (CRWG), and Safety Assist (SAWG) have been established recently. Automotive industry players are also known to take the initiative to adopt the ASEAN NCAP safety rating as part of the guide for their research and developments. Car dealers have embedded ASEAN NCAP as one of their marketing strategies. The academicians and researchers also have been actively involved through the ASEAN NCAP Collaborative Holistic Research (ANCHOR) Projects since it was started in 2017 until now. Since ASEAN NCAP's inception 10 years ago, consumers’ awareness and appreciation for ASEAN NCAP and the need for safer vehicles have also greatly improved.
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Aguirre, Daniel, i Irene Pietropaoli. "Human Rights Protection the ASEAN Way: Non-Intervention and the Newest Regional Human Rights System". International Human Rights Law Review 1, nr 2 (2012): 276–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131035-00102003.
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The Association of South East Nations (ASEAN) is a regional body working towards the integration of disparate states. The creation of a human rights mechanism, a critical part of this integration, confronts the central philosophy of ASEAN: deference to conservative notions of sovereignty and non-interference, often referred to as the ASEAN Way. This doctrine has been necessary to promote cooperation and trust between these neighbours but may prove incongruent with a human rights body that attempts to monitor and enforce international human rights law. This article looks at the challenges posed by the ASEAN way and how they developed in section 2. Section 3 follows with an examination of the ASEAN Way’s impact on the development of the regional human rights bodies. Section 4 addresses structural problems arising from the ASEAN Way: the limited human rights mandate; the lack of civil society participation; and the lack of common human rights standards among ASEAN states. Overall, this article examines the central irony that the while the ASEAN Way is necessary, it undermines the regional human rights body.
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Atan, H. B., i P. Havard-Williams. "Library education in the ASEAN countries". International Library Review 19, nr 2 (kwiecień 1987): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7837(87)90026-4.
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LEE, CHIN, i M. AZALI. "CURRENCY LINKAGES AMONG ASEAN". Singapore Economic Review 55, nr 03 (wrzesień 2010): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590810003845.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the potential linkages among ASEAN-5 currencies, in particular the possibility of a Singapore dollar bloc during the pre- and post-crisis periods by using the Johansen multivariate cointegration test and the Granger causality test. Significant nonstationarity and the presence of unit roots were documented for each currency under both study periods. Using ASEAN-4 exchange rates against the Singapore dollar, the Johansen cointegration test showed that there was no cointegrating relationship during the pre-crisis period. However there were two statistically significant cointegrating vectors among ASEAN exchange rates for the post-crisis period. These findings imply that there is low financial integration before the crisis, but that ASEAN countries are financially more integrated after the crisis. This finding also indicates increasingly role of the Singapore dollar in ASEAN. Therefore, the Singapore dollar may be a possible candidate as the common currency for ASEAN. The analysis is repeated by adding the US dollar to the model. The finding ascertains the influence of the US dollar on ASEAN currencies before the crisis.
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Iramayasari, Iramayasari, i Melti Roza Adry. "PENGARUH INKLUSI KEUANGAN TERHADAP STABILITAS SISTEM KEUANGAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI ASEAN". Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 2, nr 1 (10.07.2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v2i1.8930.
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This study aims to examine the effect of financial inclusion from the amount of ATMs inclusions and the amount of bank branches inclusions on financial stability and economic growth with deposit rates in ASEAN. This study uses panel data from 2004 - 2017 consisting of 6 countries in ASEAN, that are Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Philippines and Vietnam. The data processing method uses the Simultaneous Panel. Data is obtained from World Bank publications and FRED Economic Data annually. The results of the study explained that (1) Financial inclusion has a significant influence on financial system stability in ASEAN (2) The amount of inclusion ATMs has a significant effect on financial system stability in ASEAN (3) The amount of bank branches inclusions does not have a significant effect on financial system stability in ASEAN (4) Deposit interest has a significant effect on the stability of the financial system in ASEAN (5) financial inclusion has a significant effect on economic growth in ASEAN (6) The amount of inclusion ATMs has a significant effect but has a negative relationship with economic growth in ASEAN (7) The amount of inclusion bank branches has a significant influence on economic growth in ASEAN (8) Financial system stability on economic growth has a significant positive effect simultaneously on ASEAN (9) Economic growth on financial system stability has a significant positive effect simultaneously on ASEAN.