Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Artillery (Weaponry)

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Artillery (Weaponry)”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 27 lipca 2024
Data aktualizacji: 29 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Artillery (Weaponry)"

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Popescu, Stelian. "Definition And Calculation Of Objective Functions Of Artillery Weaponry". International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 21, nr 3 (1.06.2015): 722–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2015-0121.

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Abstract The technical resource of artillery weaponry can be highlighted, in an original way, with the help of functions, called objective functions by the author. In this respect, an original mathematical model thereof was defined and is presented, detailing the main and secondary subassemblies, and the general assembly of a mouth, respectively. The developed model connects subassemblies and the product through the weights given to each component within the system, the defining element from which it starts being the diagnosis parameters.
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Popescu, Stelian. "Evaluating The Technical Resource Of Medium And Large Caliber Artillery Weaponry Using The Standard Objective Function". International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 21, nr 3 (1.06.2015): 726–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2015-0122.

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Abstract The technical resource of artillery weapons can be highlighted, in an original way, with the help of a function called by the author standard objective function. In this respect, an original mathematical model thereof was defined and is presented. Consistent with the values achieved in time by the standard objective function qualitative information on the technical resource assessment of artillery mouths is provided. The model developed enables qualitative assessments concerning normal operation or reaching the critical value of the mouth. The defining element of this approach is the diagnosis parameters.
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Oprean, Laurean-Georgel. "Artillery and Drone Action Issues in the War in Ukraine". Scientific Bulletin 28, nr 1 (1.06.2023): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bsaft-2023-0008.

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Abstract Technological developments in recent decades in multiple fields have revolutionised the actions of armed forces, as recently confirmed in the war in Ukraine where NATO countries’ artillery and missiles have undeniably outperformed the outdated spectrum of previous counter-insurgency actions, and the counter-battery fire of self-propelled weapons systems far exceeded the limits of the Iraq and Afghanistan theatres of operations, where such a response was easy to achieve because insurgent forces had no idea that such precise, coordinated and effective action was available at discovered targets. Drones have also become an inseparable part of military operations and have developed in an unprecedented way, being hardly detectable, precise, equipped with weaponry, radars, optoelectronic search means with sensors and modern communication and computer systems. Today, but especially in the future, the actions of drones and artillery means executing counter-battery fire will become indispensable in military operations to achieve desirable effects, and at the same time modern armies must have active and passive means of engagement and countermeasures against them to achieve effective force protection.
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Magina, Livia, i Adrian Magina. "Inventarul armamentului cetatii Deva in anul 1640". Banatica 1, nr 33 (2023): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56177/banatica.33.1.2023.art.17.

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An inventory from 1640, published in this study, describes in detail the number of war instruments in the fortress of Deva. The inventory was made at the sale of the Deva estate by Lady Maria Széchy to Prince George I Rákóczy. So far only one such document was known, completed on 30 November 1640 and published by historian Endre Veress. However, the present inventory precedes it by one month, having been made by the archivists of the Alba Iulia Chapter house. The three men of the Transylvanian prince identified numerous pieces of artillery and other tools necessary for the defence of the fortification, but most of them were obsolete, sometimes a century old. Even if the weaponry was neither too modern nor too numerous, combined with the extraordinary position of the fortress it could still be an asset. The inventory of weapons of Deva offers us the possibility of investigating the military aspects of a Transylvanian fortress in the middle of the 17th century. Knowledge of military resources in that period is essential in understanding how the principality of Transylvania adapted to changes in tactics and weaponry in the early modern era.
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James, N. "‘Hot interpretation’ of battle". Antiquity 90, nr 352 (19.07.2016): 1100–1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2016.137.

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Tilted for us to see them straight on, 45 human skeletons were stacked in tight rows, with two more, arms out-stretched, on top of them (Figure 1). Below lay artillery and musket shot set out with equal neatness. Owing, perhaps, to such clinical arrangement, or to the unfamiliar angle, or perhaps to the sturdy frame marked ‘lützen, 6. november 1632’, or else to the gallery's classical formality, the full horror only registered later, after seeing many more bones, much finely crafted weaponry and armour, and pictures and plans of fights both modern and ancient. It was the first display in Krieg: eine archäologische Spurensuche (‘War: an archaeological search for traces’), an exhibition at the Prehistory Museum in Halle shown from November 2015 to May 2016.
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Rusek, Benjamin, i Charles Ingrao. "The “Mortar Massacres”: A Controversy Revisited". Nationalities Papers 32, nr 4 (grudzień 2004): 827–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0090599042000296140.

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One of the many controversies that survived the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina concerns the responsibility for several of the most deadly artillery attacks against civilians during the three-year siege of Sarajevo. Although indiscriminate artillery fire accounted for a small fraction of the total civilian deaths during the war, graphic video footage of the mass slaughter exercised a disproportionate effect on world public opinion and, therefore, on Western policymakers who felt constrained to “do something.” On at least three occasions, individual artillery explosions in the Bosnian capital prompted immediate international intervention that substantially determined the course and resolution of the conflict. The persistence of controversy is informed by a combination of factors, including the substantial consequences of the Western response, the inconclusiveness of some of the forensic data, and the conflicting statements of civilian survivors, journalists, spokesmen for the belligerents, and U.N. officials—all of whom have been accused of some degree of bias by one side or another. Nearly a decade later, testimony and forensic evidence presented at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) has shed new light on these incidents, presenting a more comprehensive and authoritative historical baseline account of the “mortar massacres,” much as it has for a plethora of criminal acts committed by all sides during the wars of Yugoslav succession. The Tribunal recently released documentation detailing some of the mortar attacks that occurred in the city of Sarajevo, including forensic reports compiled by the U.N. Protection Force (UNPROFOR) which had not been previously made public. The bulk of this information is contained in the Tribunal Judgment and corresponding Dissenting Opinion of the former commander of the Sarajevo Romanija Corps (SRK), Major General Stanislav Galić. Although the reliability of judicial testimony and other evidence is invariably limited by the abilities and resources of both the prosecution and defense, the trial transcript has cleared away at least some of the fog of war, making it somewhat less difficult to apportion responsibility for the disputed attacks. This article integrates the Galić transcript with earlier, wartime U.N. documentation, press releases, and media reports, supplemented by interviews conducted by the authors with military experts familiar with the characteristics of the weaponry employed by the besiegers. It also endeavors to place the most notorious incidents in the broader context presented by the multiplicity of artillery attacks that took place in urban areas across Bosnia between 1992 and 1995.
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Tianfeng, Fan, Liu Hongqing, Huang Cheng i Wang Zheng. "Status and Prospect of Land-based Delivery Platform Technology for Artillery Weapons". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478, nr 9 (1.06.2023): 092013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/9/092013.

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Abstract Land-based delivery platform technology for artillery weapons is a comprehensive technology to study the adaptability of artillery weapon and land-based delivery platform, and its function is to is to provide transportation and loading platform for artillery and realize tactical mobility and battle mobility of artillery. This paper reviews the important technical progress of China’s artillery weapons in land-based delivery platform technology, contrasts and analyses the research progress at home and abroad, and outlooks the development trend and countermeasures in the field of land-based delivery platform technology for China’s artillery weapons.
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Topchii, V. I., I. S. Aftanasiv i I. G. Svidrak. "Development and modeling of a device for strengthening the channels of gun barrels by the method of vibration-centrifugal processing". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, nr 91 (23.04.2019): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-f9120.

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The paper proposes a fundamentally new method of vibration-centrifugal hardening of internal cylindrical surfaces of long-length steel parts, in particular artillery guns, belonging to a group of methods of surface plastic deformation, and is characterized by providing a significant level of energy for deformation of the material being processed. Artillery cannons, along with a system for targeting shooting guns, are perhaps the most responsible component, which not only provides range and accuracy of the aiming shot, but also regulates the durability of the gun in general. During each of the gun shots, the surface layers of the metal of the channel of its trunk are exposed to the destructive effects of high (up to 10000 °C) temperatures, the chemical action of powder gases, excessive pressures and mechanical wear on the movement of the shell. This leads to the destruction of the structure, strength and density of the metal surface layers, its burning and wear, which in the rest, leads to violations of the geometry of the working surface of the trunk channel. Violation of the geometry of the working surface of the channel of the gun barrel negatively affects the range, and most importantly, the precision of gunfire and other precision related tactical and technical characteristics of gun armament. Excessively worn internal working surface of the canal of the trunk of repair and restoration is practically not subject. This determines the availability of such characteristics for cannon weaponry as the permissible number of gunfire shots, which to a certain extent limits the duration of the effective use of guns. A rather common practice in mechanical engineering is that when the strength characteristics and capabilities of the materials used are practically exhausted, designers and developers draw their views on the technological capabilities to improve the operational properties of parts and units. Not the last position in their list is the reinforcing operations of the surface layers of the material of the details by various methods of surface plastic deformation, widely known in the literary primary sources under the acronym “PPE methods”. The common advantage of the best of a fairly wide variety of varieties (rolling, rolling, smoothing, blasting and vibrating processing, etc.) is that, without substituting the part for energy-intensive high-temperature heating, the strength characteristics and performance properties of the most loaded surface layers of the material of parts are improved. Accordingly, the use in manufacturing processes of the details of PPD methods helps to increase their reliability and longevity. The developed design of the reinforcement on the basis of the proposed method of vibration-centrifugal hardening treatment is used to strengthen the internal cylindrical channels of the trunk of large-caliber artillery cannons. The reinforcement is simple in structure, energy-saving, does not provide for the maintenance of highly skilled service personnel. The solid-state model of the device for the vibration-centrifugal hardening of the internal cylindrical surfaces of steel parts has been created
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Shuliakov, Sergey, i Nikolai Dorofeev. "Ways to improve reconnaissance in the interests of missile forces and artillery". Journal of Scientific Papers "Social development and Security" 9, nr 5 (10.10.2019): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33445/sds.2019.9.5.2.

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The article describes the experience of creating automated control systems by foreign countries. Experience in controlling fire weapons and reconnaissance assets. The analysis of their interaction. Considered in detail the automated control system of field artillery of the United States of America Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System (AFTDS). This is an experience of creating a system of foreign countries. Experience in controlling fire weapons and reconnaissance assets. The analysis of their interaction. Considered in detail is the United States of America Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System (AFTDS). This is a multipurpose tactical information system of field artillery using mobile technology. It provides automated decision making for the functional subsystem, support for the ground forces and marines, as well as integrated operational units and united types of troops. The article describes the entire sector of the capabilities of this automated combat control system. The article also discusses ADLER (Artillerie Daten Lage and Einsatz Rechnerverbund) Germany’s automated field artillery control system. This automated field artillery control system provides all the field artillery control capabilities from the division to the gun (mortar, MLRS, reconnaissance equipment). The unified information network unites target detection facilities, combat (fire) and fire weapons control centers (points). it makes it possible not only to process the data, but also to control the detection mode and hit targets, including the evaluation of intermediate results. Integrated systems of reconnaissance, surveillance, target definitions and their destruction are considered by military experts of the leading, militarily, countries of the world as a critical element for achieving information superiority over the enemy. Analysis of the interaction of artillery reconnaissance forces and weapons and armaments of the leading military countries of the world provides an opportunity to study the development of weapons and military equipment to ensure the creation of an intelligence-information subsystem of artillery.
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Tang, Wei, Xin Ting Zhang, Li Chao Zhao, Shi Sheng Guan i Ming Yi Jiang. "Research on Measurement Method of Parallelism of Artillery’s Directional Beam Based on the Laser Radar". Key Engineering Materials 552 (maj 2013): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.552.515.

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As the increasingly improvement of modern weapons and detection technique, it is proposed that a higher demand on firing accuracy of artillery and bullet spread, and the parallelism of artillery’s directional beam was one of the important factors. The article conducted a research on the measuring methods of the parallelism of artillery’s directional beam. After concluding its shortcomings, a method of parallelism of artillery’s directional beam based on the laser radar was put forward by laser radar to detect the parallelism of artillery’s directional beam. The experimental results shown that the method can reach the detection accuracy of 0.2 mils, realize the high accuracy and high efficiency measurement.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Artillery (Weaponry)"

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Arbel, Giora. "Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness evaluation of an advanced artillery weapon system". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA257477.

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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 1992.
Thesis Advisor: Boger, D. C. "September 1992." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 22, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 90). Also available in print.
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Sapaz, Burcin. "Artillery Target Assignment Problem With Time Dimension". Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610273/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, we defined a new assignment problem and named it as the artillery target assignment problem(ATAP). The artillery target assignment problem is about assigning artillery weapons to targets at different time instances while optimizing some objectives. Since decisions at a time instance may affect decisions at other time instances, solving this assignment problem is harder than the classical assignment problem. For constructing a solution approach, we defined a base case and some variations of the problem which reflects subproblems of the main problem. These sub-problems are investigated for possible solutions. For two of these sub-problems, genetic algorithm solutions with customized representations and genetic operators are developed. Experiments of these solutions and related results are presented in this thesis.
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Samuelsson, Emil. "Artilleribataljonen och vapenanskaffning : taktiskt eller organisatoriskt rationellt?" Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-816.

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Försvarsmakten har förändrats från ett invasionsförsvar till ett insatsförsvar. Det har inneburit nedläggningar och omstruktureringar av organisationer. Artilleriet är en av de vapenslag som har gått från flertal regementen till idag ett regemente. Artilleribataljonen som är artilleriets insatsförband har kännetecknas som ett förband med lång räckvidd och kraftig verkan. Med pjäser som har kaliber 15,5cm understödjer de manöverförbanden. Idag har artilleribataljonen 8cm granatkastare som sekundär beväpning, ett vapen som har dålig räckvidd jämfört med 15,5cm pjäser, ett vapen som inte kan bekämpa pansar mål eller precisionsbekämpa. Detta arbete är en studie om varför artilleribataljonen anskaffat 8cm granatkastare. Är det av taktiskt rationella anledningar eller är det organisatoriskt rationella anledningar? Arbetet utgår från två hypoteser som förklarar varför artilleribataljonen anskaffat 8cm granatkastare. Studien visar på att artilleribataljonen utökar sina uppgifter genom att anskaffa 8cm grankastare. Det gör att artilleribataljonen har teoretiska möjligheter att konkurrera om platser vid eventuella missioner eller en platsvid Nordic battlegroup. Studien analyserar även artilleribataljonens uppgifter, dessa uppgifter skall organisationen klara av. Enligt resultatet har artilleribataljonen inte de förutsättningarna att lösa alla uppgifter utan 8cm granatkastare. Därför är det taktiskt rationellt att anskaffa 8cm granatkastare som sekundär beväpning.


The Swedish armed force has changed from defending the country from invasions to a military force that can be used as a military intervention at different places around the world. This change has meant that some organizations has been discontinued and reorganized. The artillery is one of the branches of the fighting services who have gone from several regiments to only one. The artillery battalion is recognized as a unit that has a long range and powerful impact. With 15,5 guns they support the maneuver units. Today the artillery battalion have 8cm mortars as secondary armament, a weapon that has bad range compared to 15,5 guns and a weapon that can’t penetrate armored targets and has bad accuracy. This essay is a study about why the artillery battalion has acquired 8 cm mortars. Is it because of tactical rational reasons or is it because of organizational rational reasons? The essay takes stand from two hypotheses that explain why the artillery battalion has acquired 8 cm mortars. The study indicates that the artillery battalion increases their assignments by acquiring 8 cm mortars. This enables the battalion theoretical possibilities to compete for places in missions or places in the Nordic battlegroup. The study also analyses the artillery battalion’s tasks, tasks that the organization should manage. The artillery battalion has, according to the result, not the resources to solve all the assignments without the 8 cm mortars. Therefore it is tactical rationally to acquire 8 cm mortars assecondary armament.

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Downing, Dirk Johannes. "Development of a novel active muzzle brake for an artillery weapon system / Dirk Johannes Downing". Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9715.

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A conventional muzzle brake is a baffle device located at some distance in front of the muzzle exit of a gun. The purpose of a muzzle brake is to alleviate the force on the weapon platform by diverting a portion of the muzzle gas resulting in a forward impulse being exerted on the recoiling parts of the weapon. A very efficient muzzle brake unfortunately gives rise to an excessive overpressure in the crew environment due to the deflection of the emerging shock waves. The novel active muzzle brake of this dissertation is based on a concept developed by Qinetiq. The novel technique involves the main brake chamber being closed for a very short period of time after the projectile has uncorked from the barrel eliminating the main emerging shock wave from developing to full strength with the result that the novel muzzle brake gives rise to a very low overpressure. This has the advantage that the gun crew suffers from less strain to the ears and vulnerable organs. Inherently the novel brake suffers a loss in efficiency due to the chamber being closed for a while and a method had to be developed to improve the efficiency of the conventional part. This dissertation deals with the development of a novel active muzzle brake intended for a 155 mm artillery weapon, but scaled to an 88 mm 25 pounder G 1 as an interim phase. Several constraints and requirements have been set regarding the physical properties and performance criteria of the prototypes. The interim phase of the project was executed within three years in which six prototypes were developed and evaluated. Major challenges in the development were to design a control and restoring mechanism that would survive the harsh conditions at muzzle exit and to enhance the efficiency. The establishment of linear movement of the closure mechanism and friction springs as the restoring mechanism was a major breakthrough in this respect. The first four prototypes were designed using empirical data and first order modeling as background while a CFD technique was used to refine the last two prototypes. Of the six prototypes developed, the first two were unsuccessful in demonstrating the novel technique. The one was unable to survive the muzzle exit conditions and the control mechanism on the second muzzle brake opened too soon. Of the remaining four, the last prototype passed all the specified constraints and proved to be a candidate for the 155mm upgrade. Not only was the structure robust enough, the general appearance of the novel muzzle brake is futuristic. This prototype is also a candidate if a much more efficient muzzle brake, with similar overpressure characteristics of a less efficient muzzle brake, is needed.
MIng (Mechanical Engineering), Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003
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McCaul, Edward B. Jr. "Rapid technological innovation: the Evolution of the artillery fuze during the American Civil War". The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1131732518.

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Taylor, M. J. "Plasma propellant interactions in an electrothermal-chemical gun". Thesis, Department of Environmental and Ordnance Systems, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4010.

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This Thesis covers work conducted to understand the mechanisms underpinning the operation of the electrothermal-chemical gun. The initial formation of plasma from electrically exploding wires, through to the development of plasma venting from the capillary and interacting with a densely packed energetic propellant bed is included. The prime purpose of the work has been the development and validation of computer codes designed for the predictive modelling of the elect rothe rmal-ch em ical (ETC) gun. Two main discussions in this Thesis are: a proposed electrically insulating vapour barrier located around condensed exploding conductors and the deposition of metallic vapour resulting in a high energy flux to the surface of propellant, leading to propellant ignition. The vapour barrier hypothesis is important in a number of fields where the passage of current through condensed material or through plasma is significant. The importance may arise from the need to disrupt the fragments by applying strong magnetic fields (as in the disruption of metallic shaped charge jets); in the requirement to generate a metallic vapour efficiently from electrically exploding wires (as per ETC ignition systems); or in the necessity to re-use the condensed material after a discharge (as with lightning divertor strips). The ignition by metallic vapour deposition hypothesis relies on the transfer of latent heat during condensation. It is important for the efficient transfer of energy from an exploded wire (or other such metallic vapour generating device) to the surface of energetic material. This flux is obtained far more efficiently through condensation than from radiative energy transfer, because the energy required to evaporate copper is far less than that required to heat it to temperatures at which significant radiative flux would be emitted
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Taylor, Michael J. "Plasma propellant interactions in an electrothermal-chemical gun". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4010.

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This Thesis covers work conducted to understand the mechanisms underpinning the operation of the electrothermal-chemical gun. The initial formation of plasma from electrically exploding wires, through to the development of plasma venting from the capillary and interacting with a densely packed energetic propellant bed is included. The prime purpose of the work has been the development and validation of computer codes designed for the predictive modelling of the elect rothe rmal-ch em ical (ETC) gun. Two main discussions in this Thesis are: a proposed electrically insulating vapour barrier located around condensed exploding conductors and the deposition of metallic vapour resulting in a high energy flux to the surface of propellant, leading to propellant ignition. The vapour barrier hypothesis is important in a number of fields where the passage of current through condensed material or through plasma is significant. The importance may arise from the need to disrupt the fragments by applying strong magnetic fields (as in the disruption of metallic shaped charge jets); in the requirement to generate a metallic vapour efficiently from electrically exploding wires (as per ETC ignition systems); or in the necessity to re-use the condensed material after a discharge (as with lightning divertor strips). The ignition by metallic vapour deposition hypothesis relies on the transfer of latent heat during condensation. It is important for the efficient transfer of energy from an exploded wire (or other such metallic vapour generating device) to the surface of energetic material. This flux is obtained far more efficiently through condensation than from radiative energy transfer, because the energy required to evaporate copper is far less than that required to heat it to temperatures at which significant radiative flux would be emitted
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Pommier, Christophe. "Innovation et artillerie en France (1852-1914) : une radicale transformation technologique de l’armement au regard de l’histoire de l’innovation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL147.

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De 1852 à 1914, l’artillerie connaît plusieurs innovations qui révolutionnent l’arme et son emploi. Outre l’apparition et les cheminements de ces innovations, cette thèse a pour objectif de comprendre les défis qu’elles posent au monde militaire, les réponses qu’il y apporte et les réformes qui en résultent. La guerre de 1870-1871 constitue ainsi un test majeur pour les innovations du Second Empire – âme rayée et chargement par la culasse : les réformes des décennies suivantes découlent des enseignements qui en ont été tirés. Pour l’artillerie, cela implique de moderniser l’armement afin de revenir au niveau de l’Allemagne, puis d’innover délibérément et radicalement en venant à bout de deux blocages structurels : remplacer la poudre noire et maîtriser le tir rapide. Les solutions trouvées – mises au point d’une poudre propulsive sans fumée (1884), de la mélinite (1885) et du canon de campagne à tir rapide (1896) – constituent de véritables réussites techniques. Toutefois, le conservatisme général du commandement et ses doutes, mêlés de déni, quant aux effets létaux de l’armement empêchent ces innovations d’avoir une incidence forte et rapide dans les règlements militaires : le potentiel destructeur de la mélinite, le changement d’apparence du champ de bataille dû aux poudres sans fumée et sa saturation en projectiles par l’action généralisée d’une artillerie à tir rapide restent relativement méconnus. Les lourdes pertes humaines du début de la Première Guerre mondiale sont le prix à payer de de cette inadaptation doctrinale
From 1852 to 1914, Artillery experienced several innovations that revolutionized these and its use. In addition to the emergence and development of these innovations, this thesis aims to understand the challenges they pose to the military world, the responses they provide and the resulting reforms. The war of 1870-1871 thus constitutes a major test for the innovations of the Second Empire - rifled bore and breech loading: the reforms of the following decades ones stem from the lessons which were drawn from them. For artillery, this requires modernizing weaponry to bring it back to German level, and then deliberately and radically innovating by overcoming two structural blockings: replacing black powder and mastering rapid fire. The solutions found - development of a smokeless propellant powder (1884), picric acid (1885) and the quick-firing gun (1896) - constituting real technical successes. However, the command's general conservatism and its doubts, mixed with denial, about the lethal effects of weaponry prevent these innovations from having a strong and rapid impact in military regulations: the destructive potential of picric acid, the change of appearance of the battlefield due to smokeless powders and its saturation in projectiles by the widespread action of relatively unrecognized rapid-fire artillery remain relatively unknown. The heavy human losses at the start of the First World War are the price to pay for this doctrinal maladjustment
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Erouihane, Nabil. "La « construction des armes navales » en France de 1871 à 1961 : naissance et restructuration d’un système politico-industriel". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BOR30006.

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De 1871 à 1961, la Marine française connut des mutations de tous ordres qui furent à l'origine de l'émergence d'un nouveau système de production d'armes navales. Cette transformation fut causée par un besoin continu de renforcement de la flotte, par des innovations technologiques successives et rapides et par le triomphe du capitalisme industriel. Elle aboutit à la mise en place d’une superstructure institutionnelle et humaine nouvelle, le complexe militaro-naval, qui fonctionnait avec sa propre logique. De la IIIe à la Ve République, la construction des armes navales passa, donc, de pratiques industrielles centrées sur les traditionnels arsenaux et établissements de la Marine aux commandes de navires de guerre confiées à l'industrie privée. Bénéficiant du concours du Parlement, la Marine arrivait à augmenter continuellement les crédits pour ses achats d’armes. La première guerre mondiale perturba légèrement ce mode de fonctionnement qui reprit ses habitudes à la fin des années 1920. La seconde guerre mondiale le toucha plus durement, notamment par les destructions physiques des usines, mais il accomplit une renaissance dans les années 1950. Les hommes qui étaient aux commandes des administrations et des entreprises concernées ne cessèrent de collaborer durant toute cette période jusqu’à devenir très proches, et rendre le travail encore plus efficace. Cependant, à la fin des années 1950, avec les difficultés chroniques que connaissaient les chantiers privés ainsi que le nécessaire développement de la technologie nucléaire navale, la Ve République fit le choix d’abandonner le complexe militaro-naval, en supprimant les commandes aux chantiers privés pour recentrer la construction de ses navires sur ses arsenaux
From 1871 to 1961, the French Navy underwent changes of all kinds which were at the origin of the emergence of a new system of production of naval weapons. This transformation was caused by a continuous need to strengthen the fleet, by successive and rapid technological innovations, and by the triumph of industrial capitalism. From the 3rd to the 5th Republic, the construction of naval weapons therefore passed from industrial practices centered on the traditional arsenals and factories of the Navy, to the command of warships entrusted to private industry
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Un, Shueh Shen, i 溫學聖. "Analysis of microprocessor controlled recoil mechanism for large artillery weapon". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77658457422288353727.

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碩士
國防大學中正理工學院
兵器系統工程研究所
90
The breech force of large caliber artillery generated by firing is dissipated by recoil mechanism which generates a retarding force to stop recoil motion. Base on designer’s point, the rodpull curve is expected to be an ideal trapezium, but this ideal curve is rarely realized due to the following conditions ： 1. Variations in hydraulic fluid characteristics. 2. Design impulse is inconsistent due to propellant temperature and manufacturing variations which change the breech force curve. 3. Production tolerances used in machining the variable orifice cause nonideal rodpull profiles. These reasons result in a non-optimized force versus stroke profile and reduce equipment life. There are three constituents of rodpull ：recoil brake , recuperator force and packing friction. Packing friction is assumed to be a constant through out the recoil stroke and recuperator force is obtained when recoil stroke finished. The primary resistance to recoil is generated by throttling hydraulic fluid through a continuously varying orifice. Feasibility analysis of a microprocessor controlled close loop servovalve mechanism used to control the recoil force is proposed in this dissertation. During recoil, the recoil force, acceleration, velocity and displacement obtained from microprocessor are used to control the action of servovalve. The equivalent orifice area is than regulated to optimize energy dissipation in the recoil brake. This not only results in reduced weight of the supporting structure but also increases the weapon stability.
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Książki na temat "Artillery (Weaponry)"

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MS, Griffin Margaret, i Fox Barbara J, red. U.S. military weapons and artillery. North Mankato, Minnesota: Capstone Press, 2012.

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Hogg, Ian V. Twentieth-century artillery. Hoo: Grange, 2002.

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1954-, Powell John, red. Weapons & warfare. Pasadena, Calif: Salem Press, 2002.

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Hazlett, James C. Field artillery weapons of the Civil War. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2004.

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Hazlett, James C. Field artillery weapons of the Civil War. Wyd. 2. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1988.

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Bidwell, Shelford. Fire-power: British army weapons and theories of war, 1904-1945. Boston (Mass.): Allen & Unwin, 1985.

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Haskew, Michael E. Modern tanks and artillery, 1945-present: The world's great weapons. London, United Kingdom: Amber Books, 2014.

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Konstankiewicz, Andrzej. Broń strzelecka i sprzęt artyleryjski formacji polskich i Wojska polskiego w latach 1914-1939. Lublin: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, 2003.

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Cho, P'il-gun. P'obyŏng mugi ŭi kusŏng kwa wŏlli: Fundamentals for artillery weapon systems. Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi: Sinhwa MB (Sinhwa Chŏnsan Kihoek), 2019.

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F, Foss Christopher, i Hogg Ian V. 1926-, red. Battlefield: The weapons of modern land warfare. London: Orbis, 1986.

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Części książek na temat "Artillery (Weaponry)"

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Li, Tao, Huafang Chen, Lingpeng Kong, Jinxin Li i Yinxi Yang. "The Development of the Combined Weapon of Light and High Maneuvering Artillery from the View of the Warfare Object". W Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 303–8. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4882-6_43.

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D ‘este, Carlo. "The Army and The Challenge Of War 1939–1945". W The Oxford History Of The British Army, 272–97. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192853332.003.0013.

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Abstract When Britain declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939, her army was unprepared to fight an enemy equipped with modern weaponry and innovative new tactics. Its fighting formations were scattered in small garrisons around the country, training lacked purpose, and the government and military leadership could not even agree on the mission of Britain’s armed forces in the event of war. Transportation, communications equipment, artillery, engineer, and logistical support units were in such short supply that it was often impossible to train or conduct exercises. When Germany invaded Poland in September 1939 the German army had over a million men under arms and three and a half million more available for immediate activation. By contrast, the British Expeditionary Force that was ordered to France consisted of four infantry divisions, which by May 1940 had risen to only twelve.
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Dowdall, Alex. "From Towns into Battlefields". W Communities under Fire, 19–56. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856115.003.0002.

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Chapter 1 explores the topography of the urban battlefield, and provides an urban history of the Western Front. It describes how Arras, Reims, Nancy, Lens, and other towns were progressively transformed into battlefields in the period after August 1914. It describes the transformation of urban space by the First World War, through artillery bombardment, the fortification of these towns by the militaries, and the proliferation of military weaponry and defensive architecture. It discusses how civilians changed their routines to adapt to the urban battlefield, and argues that as much as possible civilians at the front aimed to maintain a semblance of normality. This was encouraged by local authorities, and represented as a form of heroic resistance in the face of the enemy. The chapter charts the physical impact of urban warfare near the front, and describes the extent of urban destruction during the period of the stable Western Front. It also charts the transformation of the civilian population of the front, through discussions of evacuation policies and the scale of civilian death and injury.
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"SHIPS, AIRCRAFT, AND ARTILLERY". W Weapons of Mississippi, 188–202. University Press of Mississippi, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt2tvfjm.14.

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"87. Weapons Design – Artillery". W Thirty Years Hundred Stories, 185–86. ISEAS Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/9789814695350-092.

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"The menace of the new weapon". W Roman Imperial Artillery, 14–21. Wyd. 3. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.14996061.10.

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"Gunpowder, Firearms, Artillery, and Siege Weapons". W Medieval Warfare, 95–101. Routledge, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203905272.ch8.

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Hayes, Kevin J. "The First Inaugural Address". W The Road TO Monticello, 449–60. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195307580.003.0031.

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Abstract At daybreak on Wednesday, March 4, 1801, cannon fire sounded from Capitol Hill as an artillery company discharged its weapons to welcome the day. Those within earshot were reminded that this was no ordinary Wednesday morning. Today was the day Thomas Jefferson would be inaugurated third president of the United States, the first to be inaugurated in Washington, D.C.
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Malovany, Pesach, Amatzia Baram, Kevin M. Woods i Ronna Englesberg. "The Training System Corps". W Wars of Modern Babylon. University Press of Kentucky, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813169439.003.0049.

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This chapter deals with Iraqi ground forces fighting corps—the Infantry, Special Forces, Armour, Field Artillery, Military Engineering and the Chemical Warfare (defence), that were subordinated to the Training Division of the General Staff. It describes their background and development, especially during the Iran-Iraq war, their organization and structure, weapon systems used by them and their training systems.
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Sasongko, Sigit. "Risk of Acoustic Trauma Associated With Artillery Weapon Gunners". W Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2, 92–98. Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bpi/hmms/v2/9615d.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Artillery (Weaponry)"

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Ji, Fengrong, Yaqing Xu i Lei Ji. "Design of Detection System for Complex Artillery Weapon Communication System". W 2011 International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation (ICICTA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicta.2011.115.

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Fan, T., H. Liu, J. Ma, Y. Tian, Z. Wang, C. Huang i K. Huang. "Study on prediction of vertical target dispersion of vehicle-mounted artillery weapon". W 1st International Conference on Mechanical System Dynamics (ICMSD 2022). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.1729.

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Неуймина, О. Б., i Ю. И. Арутюнян. "THE INFLUENCE OF ARTILLERY TREATISES ON THE COMPOSITION AND DECORATIVE DESIGN OF THE XVI CENTURY WESTERN EUROPEAN SIGHTING DEVICES". W Месмахеровские чтения — 2024 : материалы междунар. науч.-практ. конф., 21– 22 марта 2024 г. : сб. науч. ст. / ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургская государственная художественно-промышленная академия имени А. Л. Штиглица». Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54874/9785605162926.2024.10.71.

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В XVI в. в Европе в большом количестве появляются трактаты, посвященные оружейной науке. Одновременно с этим мастера создают для монарших коллекций художественно оформленные инструменты — прицельные приспособления. Ни артиллерийские трактаты, ни прицельные приспособления как предметы декоративно- прикладного искусства до сего дня не попадали в поле зрения исследователей. В результате научно- исследовательской работы выявлено непосредственное взаимодействие указанных феноменов. In the XVI century, in Europe, treatises devoted to weapons science appear in large numbers. At the same time, craftsmen create artistically designed instruments for royal collections — sighting devices. Neither artillery treatises nor sighting devices as objects of decorative and applied art have come to the attention of researchers until now. As a result of research work, the direct interaction of these phenomena was revealed.
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GUO, YINGHUA, RUIJING LI, WEI LIU i YANCHENG DONG. "ON THE TECHNICAL WAYS TO IMPROVE THE MUZZLE VELOCITY OF A CALIBER ANTIAIRCRAFT GUN". W 32ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36098.

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With the development of missile technology, the combat mission of antiaircraft artillery has changed from attack to defense. Due to its light weight, large ammunition reserve and continuous firing for a long time, medium caliber antiaircraft artillery is still an effective weapon against high-altitude, hollow and shore attacks [1-3]. In order to further improve the survivability of the ship, further shorten the reaction time of the weapon, improve the firing accuracy and shorten the flight time of the projectile are the main technical means that can be applied. The muzzle velocity is the main factor affecting the flight time. Based on the latest development of internal ballistics and charging technology [4-5], this paper calculates and analyzes from the aspects of lengthening barrel, using sub caliber projectile, using Dun propellant technology with high increased surface and high loading density, increasing the maximum chamber pressure of gun and increasing the volume of gun chamber, obtains the influencing factors of increasing muzzle velocity, and focuses on the feasibility of increasing muzzle velocity. The analysis shows that in order to increase the muzzle velocity of 76mm gun, lengthening barrel, increasing chamber pressure, adopting insensitive propellant technology and reducing projectile weight are the main factors affecting the muzzle velocity of 76mm gun, while increasing chamber volume has little effect. Therefore, the muzzle velocity of the gun should be greatly increased. If the barrel is extended by 1m (the extension increase is 22%), the sudden propellant is used (the charge amount is increased by about 14%), the projectile weight is reduced to 3.5kg (the reduction range is 40%), and the chamber pressure is increased to 400MPa (the copper column pressure is about 357mpa, increased by 20%), the muzzle velocity can reach 1398m / s, and the muzzle velocity increase range is 42.6%. The analysis of this paper provides a certain reference for the technical transformation of a caliber gun.
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Barrett, Ron. "20 Years of Adaptive Aerostructures in Flying Missiles, Munitions and UAVs". W ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7662.

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In September of 1994 a small uninhabited aerial vehicle took to the air. While the flight of this lightweight powered glider was unremarkable, its 3 minutes aloft represented a turning point in adaptive aerostructures technology as it was the first man-made craft to stay aloft while using only adaptive materials for all flight control. This paper celebrates and summarizes two decades of flying adaptive aerostructures controlling missiles, munitions and UAVs. The paper starts with an historical review of the technologies which underpinned the first adaptive flight vehicles. Twist-active piezoelectric plates are shown beside the earliest flightweight stabilators they were integrated into. A brief description of the 120cm wingspan UAV “Mothra” which took to the air 20 years ago is given. The earliest hard-launched adaptive actuators were designed and developed just a year after Mothra took to the air. The paper summarizes the resulting (unrestricted) adaptive actuator configurations which have come around since that time, including actuator assemblies for guided bullets and cannon shells from 5.56mm through 155mm. A decade ago, the first post-buckled precompressed (PBP) piezoelectric flight control mechanisms debuted as enabling technologies in a unique class of aircraft: “hovering missiles” flew at international airshows, guided rounds hit targets on gunnery ranges and entered serial production with PBP actuator assemblies. More modern incarnations of these actuators and others have been designed into GPS-guided grenade, mortar and artillery shells. Today, some of the world’s most active and highest work energy density actuators are built with ultra-high strain adaptive materials and have been shown to dramatically cut CEP of gravity weapons, cruise missiles and glide shells. The paper concludes with a chart showing which classes of adaptive actuators have been flown in what types of weapon systems and UAVs over the past 20 years.
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Şlapac, Mariana. "Kilia fortress of Stephen the Great". W Conferința științifică internațională Patrimoniul cultural: cercetare, valorificare, promovare. Ediția XIV. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/pc22.08.

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Th e stone fortress of Kilia was erected on the banks of the Danube in the summer of 1479 on the initiative led by Stephen the Great. An inner wall separated it, following the example of the Cetatea Alba, into two distinct parts: the Outer Fortress, which corresponded to the “civil court”, and the Middle Fortress, to which conformed to the “middle court” corresponded. It was joined by the third courtyard, the “garrison courtyard”, which surrounded the old stone citadel. Th e inner citadel corresponded to the “middle court” and the “garrison court”. Th e fourth court, the “court of the citadel” or “court of the military commander”, was bounded by the citadel walls. Among the fl anking towers were the Arsenal Tower, the Weapons Tower, the Commander’s Tower, the Lighthouse Tower, the Bloody Tower, the Prison Tower, the Maiden’s Tower, the Arab Tower, the Wool Tower, the Millet Tower, the Flat Tower, the Cracked Tower, the Biscuit Tower, the Mountain Tower, etc. During the rule of Stephen the Great, ordinary towers appeared, with an inner hollow, “full” towers and “artillery towers”. Th e roads connected the Great Gate of the citadel with three Gates from the water, the Small Gate, the Guild Gate and the Greek Gate. Th e defensive complex of Kilia was conquered by Ottoman troops in July of 1484.
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Mironiuk, Waldemar. "Influence of flooding boat deck compartment on the ship’s safety". W Maritime Transport Conference. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/mt.10863.

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At any time whether during combat or non-combat, naval ships are susceptible to damage. During combat, navy ships are susceptible to suffer damage to a particular degree on its armament, hull or even its technical equipment. The damages are of specific nature and occur at specific places on the ship. For example, during combat, a navy ship can suffer damage from torpedoes and mine explosions, impact resulting from artillery shells, missiles or airborne bombs or even due to effects from weapons of mass destruction. This damage results in flooding of the affected areas. During the ship's operation at sea a significant threat to its safety is fire. Although fire rarely causes the ship to sink, the damage that it leaves is usually very serious, though the extent of the damage depends on the level of crew training in the area of emergency response. The main extinguishing agent used on ships is usually sea water, which in large quantities poses a threat to the safety of the ship. It affects changes in the stability and position of the ship. Determination of these changes is the basis for the sub-capacity calculations related to the operation of a damaged ship. Therefore, the main focus of the work was to determine the impact of flooding of high-located compartments on the safety of a ship. The results of the calculations presented in the paper include information about the amount of water in the range causing deterioration of the stability of the ship.
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Zimmerman, Eric B. "Numerical Modeling of Cylindrically Shaped Propellant Packages for the U.S. Army". W ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1572.

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Abstract The United States Army is in the process of developing the next generation of 155mm self propelled artillery through the Armament Systems Division of United Defense in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This next generation artillery system, called Crusader, is fully automated and can fire up to 10 rounds a minute at distances in excess of 40 km. The weapon system employs a new Modular Artillery Charge System (MACS). MACS consists of a low zone charge, the M231, and a high zone charge, the XM232. Both are rigid combustible cylinders filled with propellant and they are approximately 15 cm in diameter and length. The XM232 is filled with approximately 500 cylindrically shaped propellant grains. The grains are similar in size and shape to that of a typical foam ear plug issued to visitors to high noise areas. A two centimeter thick center core of the cylinder which runs the length of both charges is filled with granular explosive powder which is used to centrally ignite the charges. Between one and six of the 15 cm diameter cylinders are loaded into the gun barrel depending on the distance to the target. It is the goal of this new program to have highly accurate first fire capability for maximum effectiveness on the battlefield. It is imperative to have an accurate prediction of the exit velocity of the artillery projectile at time of firing to achieve this goal. Actual firings of the new gun tube with the XM232 propellant canisters revealed that the exit velocity of the projectile was highly dependent on the temperature of the propellant prior to firing. (The velocity achieved by the M231 is relatively insensitive to temperature.) One avenue under review to provide the propellant temperature prior to firing is to physically measure it. This was easily accomplished in earlier artillery systems as the propellant was granular and stored in cloth sacks. The soldier simply inserted a thermometer through the cloth to obtain a bulk temperature of the propellant inside. The new XM232 does not allow this as the canister walls are impervious and even if a way was found to insert a thermometer into the canister — the obtained temperature would be questionable considering the jumbled nature of the small propellant cylinders inside. Additionally, Crusader’s high rate of fire and automated ammunition handling system does not permit the soldier to manually take the temperature of the charge. During August 1998 a series of test firings of the new gun barrel were conducted with the XM232s. Selected XM232s were instrumented with thermocouples located at different locations within the cylinder as shown in figure 1. The MACS were then soaked for 24 hours at either 50C or −30C. The MACS were then placed on wooden racks in a large thermal chamber maintained at 20C. The temperatures of the thermocouples were then recorded over a period of time as they either warmed or cooled. With this transient experimental data in hand a numerical model could be developed to predict the temperature of the MACS under varying environmental conditions. It was desired to achieve a thermal model in the most simple manner as possible. Thus the first effort was to model the XM232 cylinders as a homogeneous material. If reasonable predictions of the XM232 temperature could be achieved in this mode — more complex efforts could be avoided. Consultations with the propellant manufacturer in Radford, Virginia provided the basic thermal properties of the material. A thermal circuit was then created between the outer surface of the XM232 to the inner core. Thermal energy has to pass through the outer shell material and then through the numerous small propellant cylinders and air voids between them. The material was handled as a homogeneous material and the porous nature of the insides was ignored. It was understood that there would be some thermal stratification of the air inside as shown from the experimental data. But it was hoped that reasonable predictions could be accomplished without considering the bouancy of air trapped between the small cylinders. Series and parallel thermal circuits were developed with either the air and propellant in series or in parallel to get the range of thermal resistances between the two situations. It was expected that the actual thermal resistance would lie somewhere between the two situations. Initial efforts involved superimposing transient solutions to one dimensional problems (infinite cylinder and plane wall) to obtain the multidimensional solution to the short cylinder. While that method provided reasonable comparison to the experimental results after an initial two hour period — there was not a very good comparison prior to that time. The Fluent software package was then used with the ambient air temperature profile in the experiments and the initial temperatures of the XM232s to obtain the predicted three dimensional internal temperatures of the XM232. A three dimensional tetrahedral grid was created with approximately 74,000 nodes. Time steps of 100 seconds were applied for the first 20 minutes with longer time steps being applied as the gradients between the outer surface and the surrounding air decreased. The XM232s were cooled or warmed via natural convection from the surrounding ambient air. At the beginning of each time step the average surface temperature would be obtained from the Fluent software package and then the average convective heat transfer coefficient “h” between the outer surface and surrounding ambient air would be calculated usingreadily available correlations from standard heat transfer books. Comparison of the experimental and numerical predictions at various locations within the XM232 for both the hot to ambient and cold to ambient were very good. The numerical predictions were a bit low on the upper half of the cylinder and a bit high on the lower half of the cylinder. This was expected as we did not consider buoyancy in this analysis. The experimentally measured temperature along the outer edge of the inner core tube matched up very well for both the hot and cold XM232 predictions. This was good news considering that the temperature at this location provided excellent correlation to the exit velocity of the projectile. The result of the above efforts was that a simple three dimension numerical model was developed to predict the temperature near the center of the XM232 for both a warming and cooling situation. The next use of the model is to predict the XM232 average temperature under a variety of transient ambient conditions. It is expected that these studies will facilitate higher first fire accuracy for the new Crusader Artillery System.
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LIU, WEI, YING-HUA GUO, YAN-CHENG DONG, RUI-JING LI i MENG ZHAO. "RESEARCH ON LOW OVERLOAD EJECTION OF SMALL PROJECTILE BASED ON PROPELLANT GAS". W 32ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36099.

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With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, intelligent projectile is gradually becoming an indispensable weapon in modern high-tech war. Small low-cost intelligent projectile has the advantages of good concealment, strong mobility and high combat efficiency cost ratio [1-2]. The development of intelligent projectile is an important link in the process of carrying out combat tasks, which directly determines whether the aircraft can take off smoothly [3]. Small low-cost intelligent projectile must meet two conditions: (1) have a certain high orbit speed to maintain aircraft stability; (2) In order to meet the demand of low cost, the impact overload borne by the guiding head, communication module and other components of projectile is limited, that is, the launching process of projectile must have low overload characteristics. Scholars from various countries have developed extensive and indepth research on the ejection methods of small projectiles, including high-pressure gas ejection [4], electromagnetic ejection [5], rocket assisted ejection [6], artillery direct launch [7] and ejection launch [8].According to the low overload ejection requirements of a small low cost intelligent projectile, a method was proposed to realise low overload ejection of the small projectile by using propellant gas based on the high-low pressure launching theory. The interior ballistic mathematical model of the projectile ejection was established and the numerical simulation was finished. Based on the simulation result, a low overload ejection device for propellant gas was designed. With this device, an ejection experiment study of the small intelligent projectile was carried out. The test results indicate that while the impact overload of the projectile is less than 60g ， the velocity the projectile leaving the barrel is more than 45m/s. The experimental results show that it is feasible to realize low overload ejection of small projectile by using propellant gas. The simulation results agree well with the test . The mathematical model can describe the projectile ejection process well. The research work provides theoretical and experimental basis for realizing low overload ejection process of small low cost intelligent projectile by using propellant gas.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Artillery (Weaponry)"

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ARMY COLD REGIONS TEST CENTER FORT GREELY AK. Test Operations Procedure (TOP) 03-2-830A Stability Test of Indirect Fire Artillery Weapons. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, luty 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada579704.

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Zhytaryuk, Marian. Агресія росії проти України і світу. Рефлексії в контексті виправдання війни д. мєдвєдєвим та в. путіним 4 листопада 2022 р. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, marzec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11744.

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In this article the author analyzes in detail the “holiday” speeches by the former president of the russian federation dmitry medvedev and the current president vladimir putin devoted to the day of national unity of russia on November 4, 2022, in which politicians justify the war, call it sacred, a struggle between Good and Evil and predict their own victory. With the help of methods of critical analysis, the refutation of historical myths, the denial, an exposure and the generalization, the falsity and cynicism of the statements made regarding the expediency and possibility of geopolitical changes are demonstrated. The civilizational war of the russian federation against the Western democratic world, which began with aggression against the disobedience of neighboring Ukraine, which chose the Western vector of development, is gaining momentum. It would seem that in the 21st century global conflicts over territories are almost impossible, it is the time for the fourth-generation of war, but we can see that russia has various means in its arsenal, including weapons of mass destruction: aerial bombs, artillery, aviation, missile attacks, nuclear blackmail, rewriting history and ordinary lies. An analysis of the kremlin leaders’ military-strategic narratives about Ukraine and the West, shows the inadequacy and detachment of moscow politicians at the highest echelon of power from reality. Their aggressive and false rhetoric based on historical manipulations and maniacal efforts to transform the world order suggests that the kremlin will not stop on its own. Someone must stop him just decisively: either Ukraine or Ukraine’s allies. Sanction policy against the russian federation, political statements and words of support for Ukraine, even assistance with military equipment and finances may not be enough, because all these are certain procedures, a waste of time, and time today is the greatest value. Key words: Ukraine, russian federation, russian aggression, dmitry medvedev, vladimir putin, geopolitics.
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