Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Armed Conflict

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Armed Conflict”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Armed Conflict"

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BALCERZYK, Dorota. "SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ARMED CONFLICT – FORMS OF PREVENTION". Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 163, nr 1 (2.01.2012): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0002.3253.

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The article presents the educational aspect concerning armed conflicts. The author explains the issue of social conflicts, their conditions and reasons. The author also depicts the current threats of armed conflict. The chances and conditions required for conflict prevention are specified. The author strongly stresses the need of education with respect to the prevention and counteraction of armed conflicts.
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Guţan, Sabin. "Ukraine - Type of Armed Conflict". International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 22, nr 2 (1.06.2016): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2016-0056.

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Abstract The armed conflict in Ukraine raises questions about the typology of armed conflicts and the application of international humanitarian law in modern armed conflicts. Many controversies are found at international level regarding the involvement of other countries in the armed conflict in Ukraine. In this study we intend to analyse facts and international norms regarding the armed conflict in Ukraine and establish the kind of conflict and therefore what the applicable rules of international law are.
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Nyaanga, Matthew, i Zwelibanzi Mpehle. "A CRY IN THE WILDERNESS: WOMEN IN ARMED AFRICAN CONFLICTS". Commonwealth Youth and Development 13, nr 2 (1.06.2016): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1727-7140/1145.

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The growing number of armed conflicts in Africa has impacted adversely on women who fall victims to violence, sexual abuse and harassment. Women play a minimal role as combatants during the armed conflicts and as peace negotiators after the armed conflicts. This article looks at the role women play in the pre-armed and post-armed conflict phases in an African context. Data for this article were gathered through questionnaires distributed to twenty women officers who participated in the Joint Senior Command and Staff Programme (JSCSP) at the South African National War College. The findings make it evident that women often participate unwillingly as combatants in an armed conflict; they face social changes in the post-armed conflict phase that make their roles change in both their families and communities, and often neglected in the postarmed conflict negotiations and conflict resolution processes.
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Ghimire, Ramesh, i Susana Ferreira. "Floods and armed conflict". Environment and Development Economics 21, nr 1 (5.06.2015): 23–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x15000157.

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AbstractWe estimate the impact of large, catastrophic floods on internal armed conflict using global data on large floods between 1985 and 2009. The results suggest that while large floods did not ignite new conflict, they fueled existing armed conflicts. Floods and armed conflict are endogenously determined, and we show that empirically addressing this endogeneity is important. The estimated effects of floods on conflict prevalence are substantially larger in specifications that control for the endogeneity of floods, suggesting that treating natural disasters as exogenous phenomena may underestimate their impacts on sociopolitical outcomes.
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CRAWFORD, EMILY. "Unequal before the Law: The Case for the Elimination of the Distinction between International and Non-international Armed Conflicts". Leiden Journal of International Law 20, nr 2 (21.05.2007): 441–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s092215650700413x.

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This article examines the possibility of creating a law of armed conflict that could be uniformly applied to both international and non-international armed conflict. The article looks at the history of modern armed conflict, and charts the progression of warfare from a predominantly interstate event to that which is more likely to be characterized as non-international or internal. The increasing prevalence of non-international armed conflicts throughout the twentieth century has lead to ongoing moves on behalf of the international community to bring the regulation of such conflicts further within the ambit of international regulation. With this in mind, the article argues that such moves have blurred the historical distinction between types of armed conflict to the point where the distinction could be eliminated altogether. By looking at international treaties, tribunals, and state practice, this article asserts that the law of armed conflict could be uniformly applied, with the aim of ensuring that all participants in armed conflict are equally and humanely treated.
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Loyle, Cyanne E., i Helga Malmin Binningsbø. "Justice during Armed Conflict". Journal of Conflict Resolution 62, nr 2 (31.07.2016): 442–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002716655441.

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While armed conflict is ultimately about violent interaction between combatant groups, a variety of policies are pursued in conjunction with violence that contribute to the course of conflict and its outcomes. One underdeveloped area of research is the use of judicial and quasi-judicial processes during armed conflict. These processes, including trials, truth commissions, reparations, amnesties, purges, or exiles, are directly related to the actions and abuses of the conflict itself—a phenomenon we refer to as during-conflict justice (DCJ). To enable researchers to answer questions about when and why governments and rebels resort to these strategies, and to what effect, we created a global, cross-national dataset which includes 2,205 justice processes implemented during 204 internal armed conflicts between 1946 and 2011. Using these data, this article investigates the conditions under which governments and rebels employ DCJ as well as the potential effects of DCJ usage on conflict dynamics and outcomes.
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Verweijen, Judith, i Justine Brabant. "Cows and guns. Cattle-related conflict and armed violence in Fizi and Itombwe, eastern DR Congo". Journal of Modern African Studies 55, nr 1 (2.02.2017): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x16000823.

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ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the role of cattle in the entwined dynamics of conflict and violence in the Fizi and Itombwe region of South Kivu province, in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. On the one hand, agropastoral conflict intensifies armed mobilisation, allowing armed groups to draw upon particular conflict narratives that generate popular and elite support. It also creates incentives for armed actors to engage in cattle-looting, or the defence against it, for both symbolic and material reasons. On the other hand, the presence of armed forces and the use of violence profoundly shape agropastoral conflicts. Importantly, they change the perceived stakes of these conflicts, and hamper their resolution. By showing that the relations between cattle-related conflict and armed activity are indirect, complex and mutual, the paper refines both theories on agropastoral conflict and those highlighting the role of local conflicts in fuelling violence in the eastern Congo.
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Ide, Tobias. "Rise or Recede? How Climate Disasters Affect Armed Conflict Intensity". International Security 47, nr 4 (2023): 50–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00459.

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Abstract Disasters play a key role in debates about climate change, environmental stress, and security. A qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) investigates how major climate-related disasters shape the dynamics of ongoing armed conflicts. Quantitative and qualitative data are presented for twenty-one cases across Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. After climate-related disasters, 29 percent of these armed conflicts escalated, 33 percent de-escalated, and 38 percent did not change. Furthermore, only countries highly vulnerable to disasters experienced changes in conflict dynamics. Armed conflicts tend to escalate when the disaster induces shifts in relative power, whereby one conflict party (usually the rebels) subsequently scales up its military efforts. But if at least one conflict party is weakened by a disaster and the other lacks the capability to exploit this change, armed conflict intensity declines. Findings provide empirical support for a proposed power differential mechanism connecting climate-related disasters to armed conflict dynamics via short-term shifts in power relations between the conflict parties. Climate change can also act as a threat reducer by temporarily causing lower conflict intensity.
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Bizău, Alina-Maria, i Robert Stănciulescu. "Causes of Armed Conflict". Land Forces Academy Review 27, nr 3 (1.09.2022): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/raft-2022-0022.

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Abstract Over time, numerous studies have identified and analyzed the causes that led to armed conflicts. Unquestionably, political-military or armed conflicts have played a decisive role in universal history. Most often, they ended – for large human communities – with what we can call, in current terms, regime change, loss of independence, fragmentation or dissolution of previously constituted entities, the surrender or gain of new territories, great losses that could reach the dissolution of some military powers. This document aims to bring to the fore the armed conflict seen through the influences brought by past events in conjunction with the events of the present, in order to identify which are the main reasons of armed conflicts.
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Ujunwa, Augustine, Chinwe Okoyeuzu i Ebere Ume Kalu. "Armed Conflict and Food Security in West Africa: Socioeconomic Perspective". International Journal of Social Economics 46, nr 2 (11.02.2019): 182–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-11-2017-0538.

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Purpose West Africa represents a very good case of a sub-region currently plagued with the problem of food insecurity. Traditional theories have attributed the increasing food insecurity in the region to problems of poor governance, corruption and climate change. In view of the persistent and increasing nature of armed conflict in the sub-region, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of increasing armed conflict on food security in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) member countries. Design/methodology/approach The study utilized the dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) to investigate the effect of conflict intensity on food security in the 14 member states of the ECOWAS using annualized panel data from 2005 to 2015. Findings The findings reveal that armed conflict is a significant predictor of food security in West Africa. Research limitations/implications The findings of the study bring to fore, the urgent need to rethink global initiative for combating food insecurity. The effort must also identify the causes of armed conflicts and design sound strategies for de-escalating the armed conflicts. Resolving the escalating armed conflict entails developing a conflict resolution framework that is extremely sensitive to the causes of conflict in Africa and adopting localized ex ante institutional diagnostics that would help in understanding the nature of the conflicts. Originality/value Traditional theory perceives climate change, social injustices, property right, food insecurity, religious extremism and bad governance as the predictors of armed conflicts. In this study, the authors departed from the traditional theory by demonstrating that the nature and trend of armed conflict could also pose a serious threat to food security.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Armed Conflict"

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Buhaug, Halvard. "The geography of armed civil conflict". Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of sociology and political science, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1624.

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This dissertation seeks to increase our general knowledge of the origins and dynamics of civil war by exploring the many possible functions of geography. Each of the five chapters that follow the introduction has its own specific ambition and empirical analysis, but they also serve a more general purpose: to investigate the geography-civil war nexus in more detail and with better data than what has previously been done.

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Lujala, Päivi. "Natural Resources and Armed Civil Conflict". Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2240.

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Otunba, Ganiyu. "Preventing Interstate Armed Conflict : whose responsibility?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Statsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-14158.

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This is a study of interstate armed conflict prevention. The concept of conflict, armed conflict and conflict prevention is defined and explained in order to be able to investigate if there is any single institution saddled with the responsibility of preventing interstate armed conflict and also to verify if adequate efforts are been put in this area which is of importance to mankind. The relationship between conflict prevention, conflict management and conflict resolution is also discussed so that a proper understanding of interstate armed conflict prevention is made. The latter part of this study is aimed at investigating who has the responsibility to prevent interstate armed conflict and the importance of external actors in conflict prevention. After which this study will then investigate if the efforts so far made are adequate in preventing interstate armed conflict before a discussion and conclusion is made on the findings of this research. Conclusion drawn from this study is of two parts. First it was discovered that no single institution has the responsibility to prevent interstate armed conflict but rather conflict prevention can only be achieved by collective efforts of the international community involving but state and non state actors. Lastly the study showed that quite a lot is being done in this area of conflict prevention but there is room for improvement.
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Pech, Lisa. "Armed Conflict and Urban Growth Patterns". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21130.

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Soziale, politische und geografische Prozesse der Stadtentwicklung in Konflikt- und Grenzregionen werden in dieser Dissertation durch eine Kombination von Satellitenbildern und Feldforschung analysiert. Das Untersuchungsgebiet ist die Grenzregion zwischen der Demokratischen Republik Kongo (DRK) und Ruanda, die seit Anfang der 1990er Jahre von zwischen- und innerstaatlichen bewaffneten Konflikten betroffen ist. Im Fokus der Analyse liegt Goma, die Provinzhauptstadt von Nord-Kivu im Osten der DRK. Zusätzlich wird ein Vergleich mit Gomas Zwillingsstadt Gisenyi in Ruandas Westprovinz gezogen. Die Literatur zu urbanen Räumen im Kongo und in gesamt Subsahara-Afrika bezieht sich häufig auf Primärstädte. Über die Entwicklung von Sekundärstädten in Konfliktzonen, für die es kaum räumlich explizite Studien gibt, ist wenig bekannt. Diese Arbeit bietet zwei sich ergänzende Perspektiven durch die Kombination von Satellitenbildanalyse mit semi-strukturierten Interviews und Beobachtungen aus mehreren Forschungsaufenthalten. Das zweite Kapitel verwendet eine Zeitreihe hochaufgelöster Landsat-Szenen, um die Expansion von Goma zwischen 1986 und 2015 zu analysieren. Dieser Zeitrahmen umfasst internen Konflikt in Ruanda (1990-1994), die Kongo-Kriege (1996-2003) und deren von Gewalt geprägte Folgezeit. Das dritte Kapitel basiert auf der Analyse sehr hochauflösender Satellitenbilder. Eine feinskalige Kartierung von Urbanisierungsmustern zwischen 2005 und 2014 wird mit verantwortlichen Akteursgruppen verbunden. Das vierte Kapitel erweitert die Analyse auf Gomas ruandische Nachbarstadt Gisenyi. Es untersucht und vergleicht, wie sich zwischen- und innerstaatliche Konflikte und die jüngste Phase von Stabilität in Ruanda auf die räumliche Stadtentwicklung über die nationale Grenze hinweg auswirken. Die Arbeit schließt mit einer kritischen Reflexion über Nutzen und Grenzen des angewendeten Methodenmix und zeigt mögliche Bereiche für weitere Forschung auf.
This dissertation combines satellite imagery analysis and field research to investigate the influence of armed conflict on urban spatial development in the eastern periphery of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and western Rwanda. This border region continues to be affected by inter- and intra-state conflict since the early 1990s. The primary study area is the city of Goma in Congo's North Kivu province. Additionally, a comparison is drawn to the adjacent city of Gisenyi in Rwanda's Western Province. The literature on urban areas in Congo and throughout Sub-Saharan Africa often refers to large primary cities. Little is known about urban development of secondary cities in conflict zones, and spatially explicit studies are rare. By combining satellite imagery analysis with semi-structured interviews and observations from field visits, this dissertation provides two complementary perspectives. The second chapter uses a time series of high-resolution Landsat images to analyze Goma's expansion between 1986 and 2015, a timeframe that includes conflict in Rwanda (1990-1994), the Congo Wars (1996-2003), and their violent aftermath. It shows how stages of urban growth relate to waves of forced displacement. The third chapter relies on very high-resolution (VHR) images for a fine-scale mapping of urbanization patterns between 2005 and 2014, and attributes them to groups of key actors. The fourth chapter extends the analysis to Goma’s Rwandan twin-city Gisenyi. It compares how inter- and intra-state conflict, and recent stability in Rwanda affect urban development across a national border. The dissertation concludes by reflecting on the utility and limitations of this methodological combination for conflict regions, highlighting areas for further research.
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Reddy, Joy Elise. "The law of non-international armed conflict and organised armed groups". Thesis, University of Reading, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604879.

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A non-international armed conflict exists whenever there is protracted armed violence Between governmental authorities and organised armed groups or between such groups within a State. This definition of non-•international armed conflict recognises that there are two separate categories of participants in non-international armed conflict The State, and the organised armed group, a fact so obvious that it should hardly need highlighting Yet, organised armed groups as the other main participating l in non-international armed conflict has traditionally been overlooked or entirely ignored , in scholarly writing. Only in the last decade have several important works been published about specific aspects of the law of non-international armed conflict. However, despite the increase in literature and case law covering the substantive law of non-international armed conflict, there has not yet been a comprehensive study that addresses the difficulties of a practical application of the law to non-international armed conflict and specifically to the conduct of organised armed groups engaged in such conflict This thesis fills this gap and addresses the following aspects of non-international armed conflict: the historical background of non-international armed conflict, ; the definition of non-international armed, ; application of international human rights law during a non- international armed conflict, and the effect this has on organised armed groups; the categories of persons in non-international armed conflict; and the binding nature of the law of non-international armed conflict on organised armed groups. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to realign the focus on non-international armed conflict from a State-centric view to consider organised armed groups As equal actors within non-international armed conflict , to discuss how they have been ignored as non-State actors and some of the problems that this has created in the application of the law of Inter-national armed conflict.
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Szesnat, Felicity. "The applicability of the law of armed conflict regimes : the classification of armed conflicts in international law". Thesis, University of Essex, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701646.

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Treaty rules governing the classification of armed conflicts have been said to give rise to problems in both theory and .practice. This requires examination, as classification determines the specific set of ius in bello rules which must be applied to a particular armed conflict. If classification rules are problematic, the treaty and/or customary rules critical to the protection of victims and the conduct of hostilities may not be applied. This thesis first examines the treaty classification system to determine its legal coherence and practical workability. Each category within this system is considered in order to identify the criteria and sub-criteria which need to be satisfied for cl situation to fall within it. In doing so, treaty negotiation records and commentaries, State practice, court judgments and commentators' writings are analyzed. The thesis also investigates whether certain types of armed conflicts fall outside the current system. Second, it determines whether there is a customary classification system, an issue which rarely receives attention. It is also examined for legal coherence and practical workability. . It is concluded that, in the main, the treaty classification system is legally coherent and workable in practice, although there are legal grey areas which require attention. It also concludes that there is a customary classification system, albeit one which is still emerging. Although this system clearly recognizes a distinction between international and non-international armed conflicts, whether there is more than one threshold for non-international armed conflicts is unclear. In addition, some of the criteria and sub-criteria are not clearly ascertainable, and their scope is also frequently unclear. These issues notwithstanding, assertions that the treaty classification system is inherently problematic are argued to be unfounded. The reluctance by some States to acknowledge that they are engaged in particular types of armed conflicts leads to a proposal that an independent, authoritative and contemporaneous mechanism for classification determination is desirable.
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Park, Ian David. "The right to life in armed conflict". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5c14a488-9d06-43fd-a0e2-cb5bd900b508.

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There is only passing reference made to human rights law in United Kingdom armed forces doctrine and military publications. Moreover, there is no reference made to the United Kingdom's right to life obligations in respect of those affected by the actions of the state's armed forces, or armed forces personnel themselves, during international and non-international armed conflict. As a consequence, no formal mechanism exists to ensure that the United Kingdom can comply with its right to life obligations pursuant to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Recent judgments of the European Court of Human Rights, advisory opinions and a judgment of the International Court of Justice, and views of numerous United Nations human rights bodies and rapporteurs would appear to indicate that human rights law can and does, however, apply during armed conflict. The exact nature of how human rights law, and the right to life specifically, apply during armed conflict and the obligations thus created, remain largely unresolved and generate considerable debate. This study therefore aims to consider both the extent to which the United Kingdom has right to life obligations during international and non-international armed conflict and, on the basis of current doctrine and procedures, how far the state complies with such obligations. Implicit in this analysis is a determination of what positive and negative right to life obligations are created by the ECHR and ICCPR, the extent to which these obligations have extraterritorial effect during armed conflict, how these obligations interact with the United Kingdom's obligations pursuant to international humanitarian law, and the effect of a derogation from the ECHR during armed conflict. This study concludes that the United Kingdom has both substantive and procedural right to life obligations during armed conflict, albeit partially modified by reference to international humanitarian law. Adhering to current United Kingdom military doctrine and procedures does not, however, always ensure full compliance with these obligations.
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Tunfjord, Samuel. "Unequal Hunger : Pathways to Armed Conflict Onset". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-393926.

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In many conflict-ridden countries, food insecurity prevails. However, the relationship between food insecurity and armed conflict onset is a complex one, and scholarly attention has increasingly been directed towards furthering our understanding of its nature. In this study, the proposition is brought forth that the effect of food insecurity on armed conflict onset should be contingent on certain features of the economic, social and political environment. Specifically, it suggests that (i) food insecurity should increase the risk of armed conflict onset by generating deprivation in absolute terms, and (ii) that the risk should be heightened when such insecurity disproportionally affects certain groups in society. The latter point pertains to the level of horizontal inequality – i.e. inequality at the group level –, the presence of which is expected to compound the risk of food insecurity leading to armed conflict onset by adding a relative dimension of deprivation to the absolute. A logistic regression analysis is employed using global data for the years 1961 to 2009. The findings do not support the hypothesized relationship. Rather, although food insecurity does increase the risk of armed conflict in cases where the level of horizontal political inequality is low, it decreases the risk in cases where it is high. This indicates that the impact of food insecurity on the risk of armed conflict indeed is contingent on certain features of the political environment, which calls for conditionality to increasingly be taken into account in future research on the relationship between food insecurity and armed conflict onset.
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Bergholt, Drago. "Natural Disasters, Economic Growth and Armed Civil Conflict". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for samfunnsøkonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-10170.

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Catastrophes such as floods, droughts and earthquakes have caused significant human and infrastructural losses throughout history. Nevertheless, researchers struggle to quantify macroeconomic impacts, and the existing literature is ambiguous in its findings. In this study I use econometric methods on panel data from Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), and find that hydrometeorological, climatological and geophysical events all affect economic growth negatively in the short run. Second, while events typically linked to climate change tend to cause negative growth shocks the same year they occur, geophysical disasters do not alter overall economic performance before the next year. With respect to future global warming, these dynamic differences give important insights for the understanding of how economies might be affected by climate change. However, by means of two stage least square methods, I do not find that negative economic shocks caused by weather related disasters increase the likelihood of armed civil conflicts. This latter result is in contrast to conclusions in much of the seminal conflict literature, but similar to findings in other recent cross-country studies that use the instrument variable approach.
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Kuper, Jenny Riva. "International law concerning child civilians in armed conflict". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362781.

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Książki na temat "Armed Conflict"

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IISS Defence Analysis Dept. Armed conflict database. London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 2003.

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Cook, Daniel Thomas, i John Wall, red. Children and Armed Conflict. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230307698.

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University of Dhaka. Dept. of Women and Gender Studies., red. Armed conflict and gender. Dhaka: Dept. of Women and Gender Studies, Univ. of Dhaka, 2006.

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missing], [name. Globalization and armed conflict. Lanham, MD: Roman & Littlefield, 2003.

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1955-, Pumphrey Carolyn W., i Schwartz-Barcott Rye, red. Armed conflict in Africa. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press, 2003.

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Meagher, Thomas M. Financing Armed Conflict, Volume 1. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-37742-5.

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Mello, Patrick A. Democratic Participation in Armed Conflict. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137386519.

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Quénivet, Noëlle, i Shilan Shah-Davis, red. International Law and Armed Conflict. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-527-8.

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BRUNBORG, HELGE, EWA TABEAU i HENRIK URDAL, red. The Demography of Armed Conflict. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5135-7.

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Meagher, Thomas M. Financing Armed Conflict, Volume 2. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-54993-8.

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Części książek na temat "Armed Conflict"

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Kent, George. "Armed Conflict". W Children in the International Political Economy, 83–102. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230375536_6.

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Frate, Anna Alvazzi del. "Armed Conflict Femicide". W The Routledge International Handbook of Femicide and Feminicide, 360–71. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003202332-38.

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Venturini, Gabriella. "Disasters and Armed Conflict". W International Disaster Response Law, 251–66. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-882-8_11.

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Corn, Geoffrey, Ken Watkin i Jamie Williamson. "Non-international armed conflict". W The Law in War, 26–51. Abingdon, Oxon [UK]; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315693408-3.

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Levy, Barry S. "WATER AND ARMED CONFLICT". W Water and Sanitation-Related Diseases and the Changing Environment, 53–57. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119415961.ch5.

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Akhtar, Rajnaara C., i Conrad Nyamutata. "Children in armed conflict". W International Child Law, 471–520. 4th edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429505485-9.

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Goodhand, Jonathan. "Armed Conflict in Theory". W Aiding Peace?, 27–47. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780441467.002.

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Goodhand, Jonathan. "Armed Conflict in Practice". W Aiding Peace?, 49–75. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780441467.003.

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Prescott, Jody M. "Armed conflict and gender". W Armed Conflict, Women and Climate Change, 15–35. First edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315467214-2.

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Kuehnast, Kathleen. "Gender and armed conflict". W The Gender and Security Agenda, 28–46. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, [2020] | Series: Routledge studies in gender and security: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003030232-2.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Armed Conflict"

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Dzhindzholiya, Raul'. "On the right of children to protection in armed conflict". W Development of legal systems of Russia and foreign countries : problems of theory and practice. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02110-1-50-61.

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The article deals with the rights of children in international conflicts. The author focuses on international legal mechanisms for the protection of children in armed conflict, on the issues of compliance and fulfillment of obligations defined by international agreements and the activities of the International Committee of the Red Cross. The article proposes measures to improve international legal instruments for the protection of the rights of children in armed conflict
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Nabee Mohammed, Aram, Nishtiman Othman Mohammed i Atifa Kabir Ahmad. "" The International Legal Background for the Protection of Children in Armed Conflict ((Yezidies Case)) "". W Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/27.

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"Abstract: This research focus on the protection right of children in armed conflict. Some time, children recruited and used in hostilities as a fighter by armed forces or armed groups. For instance, Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has recruited thousands of children to commit international crimes like genocide, war crime and crime against humanity. In addition, the research explains the abusing and trafficking children for sexual purposes. For example, in Iraq ISIS forces raped Yezidy girls and then used in armed conflict. Furthermore, during armed conflict children face refugee and internal displacement. Moreover, the research analyse the effects of armed conflict on children especially when armed forces attack hospitals and schools and kill them. The research tries to answer the questions, why the children are the purpose? What is the responsibility of children when they participate in hostilities? What is the minimum age of children to participate in hostilities? Is it legal to involve children in armed conflict?"
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Siletti, Elena, Luca Macis, Marco Tagliapietra i Paola Pisano. "Violence Index: a new data-driven proposal to conflict monitoring". W CARMA 2024 - 6th International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2024.2024.17831.

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In this work, we propose a Violence Index (VI), as a comprehensive indicator of violence related to wars, conflicts, and disorders across different countries worldwide. This index is defined by mashing up different data sources: big data represented by the temporal progression of ACLED (Armed Conflict Location and Event Data) variables and an ad hoc dataset defined by our team documenting wars, armed conflicts, civil wars and violent demonstrations since 2010. The purpose is to encapsulate the intensity and impact of such unrest events in a single measure, the VI, to give a simpler, up-to-date, and manageable tool to practitioners and policymakers, for both prevention and strategic planning to let them behave better in future tragic scenarios.
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LOCK, PETER. "ECONOMIC FACTORS OF CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE: THE ECONOMICS OF ARMED CONFLICT". W Proceedings of the International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies — 27th Session. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812705150_0014.

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Golovko, Liudmyla, Olena Gulac i Roman Oleksenko. "INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DURING ARMED CONFLICT AND THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS APPLICATION IN UKRAINE". W 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/5.1/s23.79.

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The purpose of the article is to analyze international legal documents regarding the possibility of their application for the purpose of environmental protection during armed conflict. Special attention was paid to the provisions of international humanitarian law. The gaps that exist in this area were identified. The topic is especially relevant nowadays, when we are witnessing the significant damage caused to the environment during the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. Already now, the damage caused to the environment in Ukraine has reached catastrophic values. Therefore, the issue of holding the Russian Federation accountable for the damage caused to the environment is acute. The article pays special attention to this issue. A comparative analysis of the international legal support of environmental protection during armed conflicts was made. In addition, several legislative acts of Ukraine aimed at monitoring and identification of environmental damage, reports of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine were examined. International legal regulation of bringing states to responsibility for environmental damage during armed conflicts was analyzed. The insufficiency of international legal regulation in this area was revealed. The need for timely recording of damage caused to the surrounding natural environment during armed conflicts, involvement of the widest range of subjects in the collection of evidence has been proven. The article reveals Ukraine's experience in this area, which may be useful for other states.
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van Benthem, Tsvetelina J. "Privatized Frontlines: Private-Sector Contributions in Armed Conflict". W 2023 15th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Meeting Reality (CyCon). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cycon58705.2023.10182177.

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Zukov Gregoric, Andrej, Zhiyuan Luo i Bartal Veyhe. "IBC-C: A Dataset for Armed Conflict Analysis". W Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-2061.

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Salih, Forat. "INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT AND ITS IMPACT ON EDUCATION". W ADVED 2022- 8th International Conference on Advances in Education. International Organization Center of Academic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47696/adved.202224.

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Cal, Nerea M. "Crossing the rubicon: identifying and responding to an armed cyber-attack". W 2016 International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon U.S.). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cyconus.2016.7836612.

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Kudlackova, Ivana, David Wallace i Jakub Harasta. "Cyber Weapons Review in Situations Below the Threshold of Armed Conflict". W 2020 12th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cycon49761.2020.9131728.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Armed Conflict"

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DiMeglio, Richard P., Sean M. Condron, Owen B. Bishop, Gregory S. Musselman, Todd L. Lindquist, Andrew D. Gillman, William J. Johnson i Daniel E. Stigall. Law of Armed Conflict Deskbook. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, styczeń 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada635481.

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Camacho, Adriana, i Catherine Rodriguez. Firm exit and armed conflict in Colombia. UNU-WIDER, sierpień 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii053.

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Idris, Iffat. Children and Armed Conflict: Effects and Interventions. Institute of Development Studies, kwiecień 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4dd.2024.006.

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This review investigates the profound and enduring impacts of armed conflict on children, examining interventions aimed at mitigating these effects. Despite a robust international framework, implementation gaps persist, hindering effective protection and support for conflict-affected children. Key interventions include access to education, support for children associated with armed forces/groups (CAAFAG), and mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS). However, evidence of their impact remains limited, primarily derived from case studies rather than critical and intensive reviews. This rapid evidence review underscores the critical need for contextually relevant and well-resourced interventions to safeguard the well-being and rights of children amidst armed conflict.
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Ruiz-Moreno, Sandra. Representations of the armed conflict in Colombian cinema. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-65-2010-915-503-515-en.

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Fedchenko, Vitaly. Nuclear Security During Armed Conflict: Lessons From Ukraine. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, marzec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/zzsp5617.

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The attacks on nuclear installations in Ukraine by the Russian military in 2022 were unprecedented. Nuclear security aims at prevention, detection and response to malicious or unauthorized acts by non-state actors, not the armed forces of a state. However, an international armed conflict creates new circumstances in which a national nuclear security regime must operate. In March 2022 the director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) highlighted ‘seven indispensable pillars of nuclear safety and security’ in extraordinary circumstances. There are three further areas in which the international nuclear security framework can be strengthened and prepared for extraordinary events, including armed conflict. First, there is a need to further clarify and plan the actions of competent authorities. Second, the IAEA may be able to assist member states in developing guidance for specific scenarios during extraordinary events. Third, there should be further integration of nuclear security with nuclear safety and emergency preparedness and response.
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Lyammouri, Rida. Central Mali: Armed Community Mobilization in Crisis. RESOLVE Network, listopad 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2021.4.

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The proliferation of community-based armed groups (CBAGs) in Mali’s Mopti and Ségou Regions has contributed to transforming Central Mali into a regional epicenter of conflict since 2016. Due to the lack of adequate presence of the state, certain vulnerable, conflict-affected communities resorted to embracing non-state armed groups as security umbrellas in the context of inter-communal violence. These local conflicts are the result of long-standing issues over increasing pressure on natural resources, climate shocks, competing economic lifestyles, nepotistic and exclusionary resource management practices, and the shifting representations of a segregated, historically constructed sense of ethnic identities in the region. This report untangles the legitimacy of armed groups, mobilizing factors, and the multi-level impact of violence implicating CBAGs. It further explores the relations amongst different actors, including the state, armed groups, and communities. The findings provide relevant insight for context-specific policy design toward conflict resolution and hybrid security governance.
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Lewis, Dustin, Gabriella Blum i Naz Modirzadeh. Indefinite War: Unsettled International Law on the End of Armed Conflict. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, luty 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/yrjv6070.

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Can we say, definitively, when an armed conflict no longer exists under international law? The short, unsatisfying answer is sometimes: it is clear when some conflicts terminate as a matter of international law, but a decisive determination eludes many others. The lack of fully-settled guidance often matters significantly. That is because international law tolerates, for the most part, far less violent harm, devastation, and suppression in situations other than armed conflicts. Thus, certain measures governed by the laws and customs of war—including killing and capturing the enemy, destroying and seizing enemy property, and occupying foreign territory, all on a possibly large scale—would usually constitute grave violations of peacetime law. This Legal Briefing details the legal considerations and analyzes the implications of that lack of settled guidance. It delves into the myriad (and often-inconsistent) provisions in treaty law, customary law, and relevant jurisprudence that purport to govern the end of war. Alongside the doctrinal analysis, this Briefing considers the changing concept of war and of what constitutes its end; evaluates diverse interests at stake in the continuation or close of conflict; and contextualizes the essentially political work of those who design the law. In all, this Legal Briefing reveals that international law, as it now stands, provides insufficient guidance to precisely discern the end of many armed conflicts as a factual matter (when has the war ended?), as a normative matter (when should the war end?), and as a legal matter (when does the international-legal framework of armed conflict cease to apply in relation to the war?). The current plurality of legal concepts of armed conflict, the sparsity of IHL provisions that instruct the end of application, and the inconsistency among such provisions thwart uniform regulation and frustrate the formulation of a comprehensive notion of when wars can, should, and do end. Fleshing out the criteria for the end of war is a considerable challenge. Clearly, many of the problems identified in this Briefing are first and foremost strategic and political. Yet, as part of a broader effort to strengthen international law’s claim to guide behavior in relation to war and protect affected populations, international lawyers must address the current confusion and inconsistencies that so often surround the end of armed conflict.
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Camacho, Adriana, i Catherine Rodriguez. Armed conflict characteristics and its effects on firm exit. Universidad de Los Andes, sierpień 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii051.

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Woodhams, George, i John Borrie. Armed UAVs in Conflict Escalation and Inter-state Crises. UNIDIR, listopad 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/caap/18/pacav/07.

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Armed UAVs are rapidly spreading to more states, and future systems are more likely to be survivable. In particular, the use of UAVs could contribute to conflict escalation, particularly in already complex and unstable strategic environments, and in ways that do not yet seem to be considered. The paper Armed UAVs in conflict escalation and inter-state crises presents these challenges and suggests what it would be desirable for States to develop understandings to form the basis for appropriate standards and best practices to reduce risks.
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McFee, Erin, i Jonathan Röders. Research Brief: Conflict, Climate Change and Environmental Degradation. Trust After Betrayal, luty 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59498/99780.

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This research brief examines the interconnected challenges of climate change, environmental degradation (ED), and armed conflict. The brief highlights the complex relationships between natural resources, ED, and organised violence through multi-sited examples of habitat destruction, pollution, water scarcity, oil and gas-related conflicts, and deforestation. Every such fragile setting exhibits an intricate interwovenness of climate change and ED into the tapestry of sociopolitical and economic violence. Effectively addressing the causes of armed conflict influenced by environmental factors necessitates a contextualised understanding of this dynamic. The research brief also acknowledges the differential impacts of ED's consequences on marginalised populations while highlighting the potential for women to play a transformative role in addressing ED and insecurity.
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