Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Argilite COx”
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Yuan, Haifeng. "Caractérisation expérimentale des propriétés de poromécaniques et de transfert de l’argilite du COx". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0030/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaCOx argillite has been selected as the host rock for the storage of high-activity long-live (HALL) radioactive waste in France. It will suffered the gas and water intrusion, sometimes suffered the severe thermal conditions during the sealing process. Therefore, in order to evaluate the safety of this natural barrier, it is very important to understand the poromechanical properties and transport properties of this material as well as the thermal effects. This work use gas to measure Biot’s coefficient and shows that it is nearly equal to 1 in humid conditions. However, there is a gas adsorption and induced an additional swelling deformation on dry material, this effect also has a significant effect on the transport properties of the gas according to its nature. The transport and saturation properties were examined by gas technique and compared with the usual measurements. The tests also show that the permeability of in situ water is about 10-20-10-21 m² and much lower than gas. Lastly, it is found that Biot’s coefficient is not significantly affected by the thermal effect, but the relative gas permeability of argillite is significantly affected by this effect
Song, Yang. "Rétention d'eau et microstructure fine de l'argilite de Bure". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECLI0008/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the context of deep underground storage of radioactive nuclear waste, it is important to identify the saturation hysteresis of the host rock, i.e. of Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone, and its porosity and pore size distribution. Firstly, six different cycles of relative humidity are applied for saturation hysteresis, which is not observed in the cycles with low magnitude. Secondly, a new method is proposed for measuring porosity, which uses injection of gas to evaluate the pore volume. In contrast to porosity given by water adsorption, the gas injection method provides larger porosity values of around 5%. The gas injection method is also used to quantify the sorption-desorption isotherms of COx claystone, which are significantly different from those obtained by the gravimetric method, with a bigger pore volume accessible to gas in relative humidities < 43%. Finally, by Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB/SEM), we obtain 2D image stacks and 3D reconstructed pore volumes, by which porosity and pore size distribution are quantified down to 20nm, as well as pore orientation and anisotropy. At a higher resolution (below 1nm), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) imaging reveals significant amounts of smaller pores (of a few nm) between clay aggregates
Xi, Chen. "Etude expérimentale du comportement poromécanique des argilites du COx : influences de l’anisotropie initiale et du chemin de chargement". Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I071.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone has been selected as a potential host rock for underground radioactive waste repository in France. The present thesis is devoted to experimental investigation of the poro-mechanical behavior of COx claystone. The emphasis is put on the study of influences of structural anisotropy and loading path. Both instantaneous and time dependent behaviors are considered. For this purpose, a series of laboratory investigations including axial extension creep tests with different loading orientations, shear creep tests on fractured samples with gas permeability evolution measurement, tests for determination of Biot’s and Skempton’s coefficients, lateral decompression and axial extension tests with poroplastic cycles and oedometric tests under different drainage conditions. From the results obtained, it is found that the poromechanical behavior of COx claystone is strongly affected by structural anisotropy, loading path and water saturation degree. The time-dependent deformation is also an important property of the COx claystone. The gas permeability evolution of fractured samples is influenced by various factors including confining pressure and self-sealing ability of clayey rock
Coarita, Tintaya Ever-Dennys. "Modélisation du comportement élastoplastique anisotrope et endommageable des argilites : application au stockage des déchets radioactifs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0245.
Pełny tekst źródłaDeep clay formations such as Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) are one of the options currently being considered for the storage of radioactive waste disposal in France by the National Radioactive Waste Management Agency. Observations (deformation, pore pressure, ...) carried out on the scale of in situ structures at the Meuse/Haute-Marne underground research laboratory have, however, revealed complex hydromechanical behaviour with highly anisotropic induced fracturing that is difficult to capture and to reproduce using classical constitutive models. The work of this thesis focused on the formation of the connected fractured zone and discrete fractured zone induced by excavation and their consequences on transport properties. Based on experimental results and the recently developed rheological models of this rock, a macroscopic anisotropic, elastoplastic and damage constitutive model was proposed that describes the key mechanisms of the short-term (pre- and post-peak) behaviour of COx claystone. This model was implemented in Comsol Multiphysics®. The application of the proposed model was carried out on the GCS gallery of the LS M/HM by hydromechanical simulations under saturated conditions. The numerical results were successfully compared with in situ observations and measurements in terms of, in particular, pore pressure distribution, ZFC/ZFD extension (approached by the plastic zones in post-peak and pre-peak, respectively) and horizontal and vertical convergences. Finally, the operational character of the model for thermo-hydro-mechanical modelling applications of HA cells (Cigéo project) was investigated on a geometry reduced to a micro-tunnel of cells
Ly, Bui Quoc Huy. "Contribution à l’étude des soutènements compressibles pour les ouvrages souterrains : Validation du modèle rhéologique SC2D pour l’argilite du COx et construction d’un modèle rhéologique Coqcéram pour le matériau compressible". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0036/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe studies presented in this manuscript are part of Andra's CIGEO project concerning the construction and development of a new tunnel support for the gallery of the radioactive waste repository. The structure is located at a depth of approximately 500m at the site Meuse/Haute-Marne at Bure. The first part of this work concerns the establishment of a rheological model of Callovo-Oxfordian claystone named SC2D (Swelling Creep Diagenesis Damage). Traditionally, the calibration of rheological models for clay materials is based on laboratory tests from core samples. These samples are dàmaged by the hydromechanical discharge during sampling. This damage cannot be repaired by reconsolidation under in situ stress. This damage durably allers the hydromechanical characteristics of the claystone and generate new elasto-plastic mechanisms that do not exist on in situ claystone. The originality of the work in this first phase concerns the validation of the SC2D model of Callovo-Oxfordian healthy claystone from the simulation of the laboratory tests on core samples taking into account the whole loading history since the sampling until rupture. Then, the SC2D model "integrated" in the CLEO code is applied to the numerical simulations of the tunnel excavations of the Bure underground laboratory. The second part of the thesis concerns the participation in the qualification and the implementation of Andra (patent Andra and CMC) of a new compressible support allowing to absorb the anisotropie convergences of the tunnels excavated in the Callovo-Oxfordian claystone. This is a new support by segmental ring. Each segment is a sandwich comprising: • The reinforced concrete stiff lining. • The compressible material surmounting the stiff lining.• The protective shell to allow its transport and handling.The manufacture of compressible segments requires the addition of slurry (cernent doped with sand) for the holding of this compressible layer. This compressible support had to meet mechanical requirements defined by Andra. The tests presented in this thesis concern the analysis of consolidation tests carried out at EGC concerning the mechanical characterization at the level of the compressible layer. Different variables were studied, as well as tests of uniform loading on mode! reduced of the segmental ring. These tests will be presented and commented. A rheological model is established for the compressible material based on the Ganta Gravel model named Coqceram. The mechanical parameters of the Coqceram model are obtained from consolidation tests. The validation of the Coqceram model is carried out by comparing numerical simulations with model tests of a segmental ring. This numerical modeling required the "integration" of the Coqceram rheological model into the CLEO finite element code. After this validation, the modeling has been applied to two types of real size segmental rings set up in the Meuse/Haute-Marne underground laboratory. The first modeling focused on a classic segmental ring without compressible material set up immediately alter excavation. This modeling shows a very anisotropic ring stress distribution associated with a continual increase of the stresses. On the other hand, the modeling carried out with compressible segments shows a stress distribution much lower than the classic segment, especially more uniform
Hassan, loni Yahaya. "Ablation laser couplée à l'ICP-MS-HR : outil pour l'étude du comportement d'élément d'intérêt dans l'environnement". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0157.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) coupled to a laser ablation system (LA) is known as a powerful analytical technique for the determination of major, minor and trace elements in solid materials due to its multiple advantages. Within the framework of this thesis, specific developments have been made, such as the set up of a 2D quantitative elemental mapping method and the quantification method using the sum normalization strategy by summation of the element oxides to 100% (w/w). This work includes sample preparation, data acquisition and processing. The analytical developments carried out during this thesis were applied to two scientific projects,the quantification of uranium in oak tree rings (Quercus petraea) dated for the chronological monitoring of contamination related to mining and the analysis of elements in Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone necessary to understand its retention properties as part of the assessment of the safety of deep geological radioactive waste storage. The development of 2D elemental mapping has shown a heterogeneous distribution of uranium at the surface of tree rings that does not allow precise quantification; HR-ICP-MS in solution mode has proved to be more appropriate. The analysis of the distribution of elements naturally present in COx and their "lability" made it possible to evaluate "in situ" Kd values that could be compared to data determined by the "batch" or "bottom-up" approaches. The LA-HR-ICP-MS was also used to characterize COx retention capacities on intact samples doped with europium
Verron, Heloïse. "Étude expérimentale des interactions matériau cimento-bentonitique / argilite / fer et acier (MREA/COx/Fe ou acier) à 90°C en conditions de stockage géologique profond des déchets radioactifs (CIGEO)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0205.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the current concept of radioactive waste deep geological disposal planned by Andra (CIGEO project), waste containers are stored into disposal cells drilled into the Callovo-Oxfordian claystone (COx) and encircled by a carbon steel liner. COx and in particular its pyrites, can be oxidized during the drilling of cells. Thanks to an original experimental set-up, involving several pyrite/mineral mixtures and a reactor coupled to a micro gas chromatograph, it is demonstrated, based on the measured O2 consumption that at 100°C in presence of calcite, less than 50% of the pyrite is oxidized. This oxidation induces a transient acidic plume and consequently the corrosion of the steel liner. Andra has developed and patented a low-pH (9
Zhang, Wang. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale du comportement mécanique des argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien : effets du chemin de chargement et de la température". Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2021/2021LILUN037.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaCallovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone has been investigated for several decades in France in the context of geological disposal of radioactive waste. A large number of laboratory tests and in-situ experiments have been conducted for the characterization of short and long thermo-hydromechanical behavior as well as gas flow diffusion property of this clayey rock. However, some aspects still need further investigation, among others, effects of loading paths and temperature on short and long-term mechanical responses. This thesis brings a new contribution to previous works on these open aspects. It is composed of three parts.In the first part, the influence of the loading path on the short-term mechanical behavior of COx claystone is considered. Based on theoretical analysis of stress path around the underground cavity, two particular loading paths with two different values of Lode angle are selected, namely lateral decompression and axial extension under constant mean stress. A series of tests with different values of mean stress are performed. Unloading-reloading cycles are involved in the tests. The obtained results are then analyzed and the emphasis is put on the influences of loading path (Lode angle) on the failure strength and induced damage process.The second part is devoted to studying the thermal effect on the short-term mechanical behavior of COx claystone. For this purpose, a series of laboratory tests, with both loading paths (axial extension and lateral decompression) and different values of temperature are performed. Based on the obtained results, the effects of temperature on the elastic property and failure strength are discussed for the two loading paths.In the third part, we are interested in investigating the effect of loading paths and temperature on the long-term mechanical behavior of COx claystone. A series of creep tests are then performed under two loading paths and with different values of temperature. The obtained test results are analyzed and discussed by putting the emphasis on the influences of loading path and temperature on creep deformation kinetics
Tyri, Danai Panagiota. "Contribution à l'étude de mélange en pellets composé d'argilite COx et de bentonite MX80 pour le remplissage des stockages géologiques". Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSEI001.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe safe operation of the geological disposal facilities for radioactive waste indicates the galleries progressive closure, by installing sealing and backfill materials. The French disposal concept examines the crushed excavated Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone with bentonite additive (MX80) as backfill material. One of the ongoing studied backfill solutions considers the pelletized implementation of the mixture, due to potential set-up advantages. The pelletized mixture is emplaced inside the galleries at dry state, presenting initially a granular structure, gradually homogenised, due to swelling upon hydration from the groundwater of the surrounding rock. Objective of the PhD thesis is the determination and manufacturing of the pelletized mixture, as well as the analysis of its hydro-mechanical behaviour. The pelletized granulometry is selected to result in the highest possible packing density, defining the optimum grain size distribution (GSD). The implemented COx/MX80 backfill needs to present hydro-mechanical properties capable of limiting the voids after the saturation on the drift as well as blocking the concrete movement when liners cracking will occur in the long-term. Numerical and experimental gravitational deposits are conducted, to study the compactness of a granular material, without mechanical compaction. Simulations using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) investigate the granulometric effect on the granular material’s packing state, determining an optimum GSD. Supplementary experiments are used to evaluate and finalise the granulometric selection maximising the resulting density. Both studies investigate the effect of additional parameters (implementation protocol, inter-particle friction, deposit height,…) on the packing state. The pelletization of the selected GSD is performed for the first time on COx/MX80 powdered mixtures, by applying the compression method on a reconditioned tablet machine. The process is analysed to successfully fabricate pellets and optimise the challenging pellet production. COx/MX80 mixtures hydro-mechanical behaviour is experimentally investigated by performing infiltration tests under free and confined volume conditions. A parametric study on various powdered mixtures is conducted to characterise the materials physicochemical properties and evaluate their swelling capacity at densities expected on the backfill implementation. On the other hand, the finalised pellets assembly on various compositions is directly tested in terms of swelling pressure and hydraulic conductivity
Berthe, Guillaume. "Évolution des propriétés de confinement des roches-couvertures type argilite soumises à des fluides enrichis en CO2 : impact des discontinuités naturelles et artificielles". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795668.
Pełny tekst źródłaBotan, Alexandru. "Modélisation moléculaire d'argile en contact avec un réservoir de CO2". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066233.
Pełny tekst źródłaDe, Pietri Tonelli Davide. "Produzione e caratterizzazione di compositi a base geopolimerica per l’assorbimento di anidride carbonica". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18166/.
Pełny tekst źródłaMaia, Flávia Marina Serafim. "Impact de l'élévation de la temperature jusqu'à 80ºC sur le comportement des radionucléides dans le callovo-oxfordien : application à l'uranium". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0078/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this study was to understand and quantify the behaviour of U(VI) on the Callovo-Oxfordian(COx) clay which is envisioned to host high-level radioactive waste in France. The temperature effect up to 80°C on this behaviour was particularly studied. The first part of the work focussed on the thermodynamic properties of the calcium uranyl carbonate aqueous complexes which govern U(VI) speciation in solution. They were measured indirectly by sorption-based methodologies under controlled pCO₂ and pH. The results indicate that the temperature does not favour the formation of CaUO₂(CO₃)₃²⁻ (log₁₀ βº₁₁₃ = 27,3 ± 0,3 ; ΔrHº = -27,4 ± 8 kJ/mol) and does not affect the formation of Ca₂UO₂(CO₃)₃(aq)(log₁₀ βº₂₁₃ = 29,7 ± 0,3 ; ΔrHº = 0 ± 2 kJ/mol). A bottom-up approach with the published “2SPNE SC/CE”model was used for describing the sorption processes, with the assumption that the clay fraction of the COx (Illite, andI/S) governs U(VI) sorption.The model was successfully applied to reproduce a wealth of experimental data obtained with illite, the COₓ clay fractionand the COₓ clay rock as a function of key parameters (pH, pCO2, [U(VI)], [Ca]) at 20 °C. The sorption on COₓ conditions is mainly governed by the sorption of U(VI)-CO3 complexes and a new sorption constant is proposed for illite. An increase in temperature to 80 °C leads to an in-crease of U(VI) retention on COx. This increase is ac-companiedby a change of both pCO₂ and pH. The sorption model developed at 20 °C, together with the thermodynamic parameters describing U(VI) speciation in solution, can explain this increase but without obtaining a good agreement with the experiment. The model is improved by considering ΔrHº values for sur-face complexation reactions obtained for the U(VI))/illite system
Vita, Alessandro. "Studio di una frana in terreni strutturalmente complessi: interazione con le opere di imbocco di una galleria stradale". Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242486.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the construction of the south portal of the tunnel Baldaia I along the SS106 motorway in Calabria, unexpectedly large and continuous displacements of the earth retaining structures occurred leading to a precautionary suspension of the excavation works. The geological area involved is the so called “Catanzaro Basin” which is apparently constituted by the uniform marine formations belonging to the pliocenic cycle; however, these formations are characterized by the marked presence of tectonic structures. The lithotype found is constituted of the alternation of stiff overconsolidated silty clays and clayey silts with silty sandy strata, rich in microfossils, from 0.1 m to 1 m thick. The dip direction of the strata in the landslide area is 120-140° and their inclination is about 20°. The main geological structures are associated to extensional type tectonics. To study the kinematics of the observed instability phenomenon, inclinometer probes were used together with the topographic monitoring of the portal structures; it was found that the unstable mechanism was deep-seated, block-type and extending over the entire slope. In this work, the site investigation activities carried out to understand the origin of the instability process are presented. Being the mass stability strictly related to shear strength along the discontinuities, discontinuity characterization was carried out on different outcrops located close to the site and laboratory shear tests were carried out on samples containing either pre-existing discontinuities or artificially created sliding planes. The residual strength was determined using three different procedures. Regardless of the shearing procedure, the residual friction angle always resulted close to 20°. This value is coherent with the values of residual angle that can be inferred from classical correlations, for plasticity index. A closer look at the displacement vs. time shows the tendency of displacements to accelerate during periods of heavy rain. This fact, together with the established presence of open tension cracks, suggests the hypothesis that the cleft pressure exerted by water penetration into the open fissures may act as the triggering external force. To interpret the monitored behaviour of the slope, three numerical schemes have been implemented using FEM commercial codes: the first in plane strain conditions by means of PLAXIS V8, the second in plane strain conditions by means of MIDAS GTS and the third using the three-dimensional MIDAS GTS. The interpretation of the observed behaviour is then given together with the description of the remedial measures. The link between the time evolution of the instability and the sequence of the excavation works is discussed in some detail.
Hubert, Gaëtan. "Réactivité expérimentale au CO2 de roches d'une couverture argileuse et d'un réservoir carbonaté du bassin de Paris". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00390771.
Pełny tekst źródłaSun, Yufeng. "Time-dependent hydromechanical behaviour of callovo-oxfordian claystone by anatytical and multiscale numerical methods". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vaulx-en-Velin, École nationale des travaux publics de l’État, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENTP0009.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the context of radioactive waste repository, the time-dependent hydromechanical behaviour of the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone is investigated to ensure the safety conditions required for long-term repository of radioactive wastes.The first two parts of the study are based on the phenomenological approach carried out directly at the macroscale. Firstly, a quasi-analytical model for the hydromechanical behaviour of a deep spherical cavity excavated in a dilatant poro-viscoplastic rock mass is presented, considering three stages of a simplified life cycle: excavation, free convergence and post-closure. Subsequently, the sensitive and probability analyses are carried out using the finite element code Cast3M toinvestigate the time-dependent extent of the Excavation Damaged Zone (EDZ) which refers to a region characterized by significant and mainly irreversible changes in geochemical and hydromechanical properties. In the following, a multiscale numerical approach is employed to investigate its creep and damage behaviour under mechanical condition. Firstly, a micromechanics-based model within the finite element square (FE2) framework is developed to model the short-term and long-term behaviours of saturated COx claystone. For the viscous behaviour, two microscale mechanisms have been introduced: the viscoplasticity of the clay aggregates and the viscoelasticity of their contacts. Then, the creep model of COx claystones developed at small scale is applied to model the large-scale creep behaviour at laboratory and gallery scales. From simulation results of laboratory scale, a clear three-stage creep process is reproduced, including the primary creep stage, second creep stage and tertiary creep stage. At the gallery scale, the long-term effect of viscosity on the gallery convergences, the evolution of EDZ, and the long-term drainage and pore pressure around a gallery are investigated. Finally, the above developed double-scale creep model used to simulate saturated cracked medium is extend to partial saturated case to study the interaction between rock and the atmosphere occurs through air circulation within underground galleries. The emphasis is to study the effect of the gallery air ventilation on hydromechanical behaviour of host rock. The model predictions reproduce the drainage and desaturation kinetics of undisturbed and damaged rock
Liu, Hongrui. "CO2 Chemical Utilization through Dry Reforming of Methane : Development of Non-Noble Metals Catalysts Supported on Natural and Synthetic Clays". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS480.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe development strategy of “growth-at-any-cost” has not been applied to the current development with the increased attention of various countries to environmental issues. But the dependence on fossil fuels such as petroleum will be still high in a short period of time based on the consideration of economic and social development. Thus, the focus on the production of hydrogen, syngas or other products using CO2 and/or CH4 that has attracted more attention in chemical products is the process of dry reforming of methane. Thus, this research focuses on proposing new supports loaded with different promoters to enhance the catalytic selectivity and stability of nickel-based catalysts for dry reforming of methane, and analyze the catalytic performance of prepared catalysts by associating temperature effects with multiple characterizations such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray diffraction, and CO2-temperature programmed desorption. First, different promoters with nickel are impregnated on natural clay or Fe/Cu-modified clay from Tunisia. Second, the synthetic clay derived catalysts are prepared by co-precipitation method to research the influences of structure on the DRM. In the end, the catalysts having the same composition as excellent Ni-hydrotalcite derived catalysts are further synthesized by ball milling to compare the effect of rotational speed and preparation
Mazot, Agnès. "Activité hydrothermale des volcans Kelud et Papandayan (Indonésie) et évaluation des flux de gaz carbonique". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210971.
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Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation géologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished