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Portier, Eric. "Lien entre environnement de dépôt et diagenèse précoce : importance dans la prédiction des qualités réservoir". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS548.
Pełny tekst źródłaReservoir quality distribution in subsurface, within an aquifer, storage or a hydrocarbon bearing reservoir, is largely variable and hence, difficult to predict. This study focuses on the early diagenetic processes, which are considered as key in the next steps of the diagenesis of deeply buried reservoir. Based on the examples of sandstones deposited in glacial setting during Ordovician of a gas field in Algeria and tidal sandstones from a Permian formation in Australia, the objective is to show the role and control exerted by the depositional environment on early diagenesis, and especially the major role of sediment reworking to predict reservoir quality distribution. The studied reworking processes are responsible of clay incorporation into sand deposits, as clay coats around detrital gains or as pore linings. The nature of clay is then determinant in the diagenetic processes, as these coatings may enhance chemical compaction if illitic in nature, or reversely, may inhibit cementation and help preserving reservoir quality if they are made of ferrous chlorite. These reworkings are associated to fluid overpressure within the sediment in glacial settings, whilst they are associated to the permanent reworking of sands by tidal currents, enabling the agglomeration of clay flocs to detrital grains with biofilm elements acting as natural glue
Abidi, Nejib. "Interactions argiles naturelles-effluents teinturiers : influence des propriétés de surface des argiles et mécanismes d'adsorption des colorants". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH005.
Pełny tekst źródłaIndustrial effluents from textile activities often have a high pollution load readily biodegradable. Previous work has shown the potential of natural untreated clays to clean up these dyers effluents although anionic dyes are not easily absorbable on these media. The effluents also contain other chemical compounds used in the different stages of the dyeing process, and which are of various natures (salts, acids, bases, detergents, enzyme derivatives, etc ...). It appears that these auxiliary products play a role in the adsorption of anionic dyes on untreated clay. However, no currently known study has examined the effect of the additives from the dyeing process on the adsorption of dye onto clay. This is the first study to focus on the dye-clay-additive system. Adsorption / desorption batch tests were conducted considering different dye additive-clay systems. The tests’ results show that the enzyme like additives enhance the adsorption of anionic dye on the clay by neutralizing the negative charges and reinforcing clay-dye links. Other additives have the opposite effect, but do not offset the positive effect of enzyme like additives when mixed in the effluent. Assumptions of interactions involved in dye adsorption were made with the help of the results of infrared and mass spectrometry, zetametry and the modeling of adsorption isotherms
Poussardin, Victor. "Utilisation d'argiles et de marnes calcinées dans le développement de ciments composés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0040.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe use of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) as a substitute for clinker is a well-known technology that can reduce the environmental cost of cement. Among the SCMs widely used today are fly ash, blast furnace slag and glass powder. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of calcined clays as SCMs, particularly due to their high reactivity and availability.This thesis project focuses on the use of calcined clays and marlstones as supplementary cementitious materials. The main aim is to identify new materials that could be of interest for use as SCMs. To this end, a multi-scale macro/micro approach is used to study the calcination, pozzolanic reactivity and performance in cementitious systems of these new materials. It was possible to demonstrate that marlstones (despite their complex mineralogical composition) have the potential to be used as supplementary cementitious materials after calcination, even with a low proportion of clays. Subsequently, it was shown that palygorskite is a high potential clay for use as a supplementary cementitious material after calcination, and can be considered as a viable alternative to metakaolin. The extensive study of the use of calcined palygorskites as SCMs has also provided new fundamental insights into the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the calcination of this type of material
Sani, Rababe. "Étude des transformations microstructurales de mélanges argile/Combustibles Solides de Récupération (CSR) lors de la cuisson : relations entre propriétés physico-chimiques, mécaniques et thermiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018EMAC0005.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe valorization of co-products rich in organic and inorganic materials as additives in formulations based on clay matrix can improve both the mechanical and thermal performances of ceramic materials as well as the energy balance of the manufacturing processes of these products. This study focused on the incorporation of Solid Recovered Fuels (SRF) into the clay ceramics for civil engineering in close collaboration with TERREAL as part of the ANR funded LabCom RESPECTc project. Firstly, two SRF were selected and used as additives to improve the properties of ceramic materials from to clay mixture deposits named ML and MC from TERREAL. The influence of the nature, the amount of SRF, the grain size of SRF and the nature of clay matrix on the physico-chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of the clay/SRF mixtures were studied between 30°C and 1100°C. In all cases, the addition of SRF into the clay mixture (ML or MC) has enhanced the insulating nature of the ceramic materials by reducing their thermal conductivity. The addition of SRF has also improved the mechanical properties of the ceramic materials, depending on the nature and the amount of SRF added, the rate and the nature (shape, size and distribution) of the porosity created. The study demonstrated that interactions between clay minerals and inorganic elements of SRF have a significant effect on mechanical and thermal properties. The results showed that the addition of 4 wt.% of SRF15-1 containing an ash content of 65.7 wt.% into clay matrix ML led to increase the mechanical strength of the material based on the clay matrix ML of the order of 32%. Then, a kinetic model of thermal sintering based on the dimensional variations of ceramic materials between 650°C and 1000°C was developed from thermomechanical analysis (TMA) of the clay mixtures (with or without SRF). The main objective is to better understand the mechanism of the thermal sintering involved. The model developed showed a good adequacy with the experimental data. The results showed that the thermal sintering step of these mixtures is carried out by the presence of a liquid phase and that the addition of SRF has accelerated the densification of ceramic materials. This has led to decrease the usual firing temperature of ceramic materials, allowing a significant energy savings. Finally, an environmental assessment was carried out during the firing of clay/SRF mixtures. This study was particularly focused on the contribution of SRF to the energy balance and impact of critical gas emissions such as CO2, CO and HCl. The results showed that CO2 and CO emissions during firing of clay/SRF mixtures increased due to the thermal decomposition of the organic matter of SRF and that less than 50 wt.% of chlorine was converted to HCl (18-31 ppm). The energy balance showed that the addition of SRF into the ML matrix compensates for a significant part of the natural gas usually used as fuel during firing of these ceramic materials. This was reflected by a thermal energy saving and reduction of CO2 emissions from the decarbonatation of the clay matrix
Zangué, Adjia Henriette. "Adsorption des métaux lourds des eaux usées par les argiles alluviales de l'Extrême-Nord Cameroun". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0389.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe industrial and urban development increases the water pollution in Cameroon. It becomes imperative to develop inexpensive and easy to manage remediation methods. This work aimed at eliminating heavy metals (Cu2+, Pb2+, Hg2+, Cr3+) from water by adsorption on raw or heat treated clay. The alluvial clay sampled in the far North of Cameroon mainly contains smectite (46%), kaolinite (38%), interlayers (10%) and quartz (5%). The structural formulas are : (Si3,42Al0,58)(Al0,87Fe0,96Mg0,17)O10(OH)2(C+)0,75 for the smectite and Si2Al1,95Fe0,05O5(OH)4 for the kaolinite. The heavy metals cations fastly adsorb on raw clay, the temperature and the pH have not much influence on their adsorption. The clay affinity in relation to Cu2+, and Pb2+ is very strong whereas it is low for Hg2+, Cr3+. For the adsorption of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cr3+ the proposed mechanisms are the cation exchange and the complexation while for the Hg2+, a mechanism of speciation is involved. The pellets obtained by thremic treatment of the clay above 500°C are stable in solution and they have a good capacity for heavy metals adsorption. Performances of the pellets are lower than those of raw clay, however, their use is easier since they do not need solid-liquid separation after adsorption
Strechie-Sliwinski, Claudia. "Enregistrement sédimentaire des changements environnementaux récents dans la zone Nord-Ouest de la Mer Noire". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112178.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of this study is to investigate the processes and the recent environmental changes stored in the sediments from the North-Western part of the Black Sea in the last 30,000 years. We used sedimentary cores extracted from water depths ranging from 55 to 2100 m. In order to obtain information about the depositional environment and the chronology of the events, we used different methods: clay mineralogy analysis, sedimentology, environmental magnetism, organic matter characteristics and AMS radiocarbon chronology. Radiocarbon dating of the organic matter and fossil shells was used to obtain a precise chronology of the past events. It was difficult to correct the 14C data, because of the differences between the ages of organic matter and shells that varied significantly from one sample to another. This difficulty comes from the fact that the Black Sea basin contained in some periods oxygenated fresh water and in some periods stratified salty water. The correlation between the 14C data and the carbonate content allowed us to set up a chronology of the sediments. The clay mineralogy pointed out that the sediments containing smectite were carried into the basin mainly from the North and not from the South of the drainage basin, as previous studies indicated. The environmental magnetism study helped us to determine the significant variations in the oxygenation of the sediment and of the water column (i. E. , changes between oxygenated and anoxic conditions). The magnetism study together with the organic matter characteristics also indicates changes in the salinity of the water. Our study reveals the environmental changes that have occurred during the last 30,000 years
Berez, Amor. "Dépollution par l'argile naturelle d'effluents teinturiers : étude expérimentale et modélisation du processus d'adsorption / désorption en réacteur fermé et colonne de percolation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH007.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of the work is to study the adsorption-desorption process of an azo dye on natural clay from two Tunisian deposits. The laboratory experiment was conducted in a closed reactor (batch) and percolation column. In the first step, two types of clay were used. The kinetic study shows that the adsorption and desorption follow the pattern of a pseudo first order phenomenon. A Langmuir isotherm is fitted to the adsorption process, while the desorption isotherm is characterised by hysteresis. The adsorption capacity of the Gafsa clay is more pronounced than that of the Borj Chekir clay. The percolation column studies were conducted on a mixture of of Borj Chekir clay and medium sand H2F. Hydrodynamic parameters were determined using an inert tracer (fluorescein). The reactive transport study showed that an increase in clay percentage will increase retention, but, on the other hand when using a constant percentage of the clay-sand mixture, increasing the injection rate will decrease the retention capacity of the mixture. The output curves were then compared with the numerical results of a 1D reactive transport model incorporating two reversible and irreversible adsorption sites
Blanchet, François. "Etude géomécanique de glissements de terrain dans les argiles glacio-lacustres de la vallée du Drac". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10117.
Pełny tekst źródłaSmati, Abdenasser. "Contribution à l'étude des transferts de chaleur et de masse dans le matériau de remplissage d'un stockage de déchets haute activité". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066143.
Pełny tekst źródłaAit, Saadi Lotfi Didier Gérard Kastner Richard. "Méthodologie de contrôle de l'homogénéité et de la perméabilité des barrières argileuses". Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=ait_saadi.
Pełny tekst źródłaClement, Corinne. "Etude de coulis hydrauliques pour la retention des cations polluants pb, cd, hg, sr, cs". Paris, ENMP, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENMP0091.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbidi, Nejib. "Interactions argiles naturelles-effluents teinturiers : influence des propriétés de surface des argiles et mécanismes d'adsorption des colorants". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH005/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIndustrial effluents from textile activities often have a high pollution load readily biodegradable. Previous work has shown the potential of natural untreated clays to clean up these dyers effluents although anionic dyes are not easily absorbable on these media. The effluents also contain other chemical compounds used in the different stages of the dyeing process, and which are of various natures (salts, acids, bases, detergents, enzyme derivatives, etc ...). It appears that these auxiliary products play a role in the adsorption of anionic dyes on untreated clay. However, no currently known study has examined the effect of the additives from the dyeing process on the adsorption of dye onto clay. This is the first study to focus on the dye-clay-additive system. Adsorption / desorption batch tests were conducted considering different dye additive-clay systems. The tests’ results show that the enzyme like additives enhance the adsorption of anionic dye on the clay by neutralizing the negative charges and reinforcing clay-dye links. Other additives have the opposite effect, but do not offset the positive effect of enzyme like additives when mixed in the effluent. Assumptions of interactions involved in dye adsorption were made with the help of the results of infrared and mass spectrometry, zetametry and the modeling of adsorption isotherms
Drouin, Sylvain. "Rôle des argiles dans la préservation et la fossilisation de la Matière Organique ±pétroligène±". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00259467.
Pełny tekst źródłaAit, Saadi Lotfi. "Méthodologie de contrôle de l'homogénéité et de la perméabilité des barrières argileuses". Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0043/these.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaNowadays, waste management, as water management, constitutes a major concern for the environmental protection. Many fundamental and applied works were carried out these last years in order to develop concrete solutions to improve the prevention of the impact of the domestic waste storage centers on the underground medium. Usually, the establishment of the permeability control points of clay barrier of waste storage center is done in a random or statistical way, which always does not enable us to detect the possible anomalies of the argillaceous barriers. A heterogeneity can cause the principal escapes in the natural or compacted layer, whose sealing is its principal function. This thesis has for main goal the characterization of the hydraulic performances homogeneity of the passive safety barriers of the domestic waste storage centers, based on the use of geophysical methods. We present an original methodology for the determination of the permeability control points location, according to the resistivity contrasts observed on the resistivity maps of the clay barrier. To this end, we carried out geophysical prospections of several clay barriers in the bottom and the coverage of storage centers, by using various methods (electric, electrostatic and electromagnetic). The permeabilities were measured in situ on the surface and in drilling, and in the laboratory on taking away intact samples. In this research, we also define a new permeability test procedure in the laboratory, in drillings and on the surface using the pulse test method, allowing to qualify the compacted layer quickly and thus not to delay in an excessive way compaction work
Cazaux, David. "Mesure et contrôle in situ de la perméabilité des matériaux utilisés dans les dispositifs d'étanchéité pour la protection de l'environnement : état de l'art et développements". Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0066.
Pełny tekst źródłaField permeability measurement of soils and materials used in containment system for protection of soils et groundwater is now a obligation in French regulation. These materials have a permeability generally Jess than 1. 10-6 m/s and need specific test methods. We distinguish traditionally two families that are shallow methods with ting infiltrometers and borehole methods more common for characterization of deeper materials. We wrote a State of the Art about the main methods used in France and abroad trying, with the help of comparative tests, to determinate their respective field of application and eventual restrictions. We propose a precise analysis of constant head test methods which was chosen for French standardization with the new apparatus we conceived from passed experiences. Experimental studies are performed on clayey soils which have different physical properties and permeability: silt, clay, sand bentonite mixtures, and also geosynthetic clay liners. Our work deal with an original analysis of infiltration data during the first hours of infiltration. We compare different unsaturated and saturated approach with the traditional methods. To manage short term tests to qualify soil liners, we propose some developments on the pressure pulse technique applied to boreholes. This method can lead to estimation of perm abilities less than 1. 10-9 m/s in a few hours what provide a great interest for permeability control during construction of soil liners
Thollot, Patrick. "Etude de l'altération de la surface de Mars par imagerie hyperspectrale : minéralogie des régions de Noctis Labyrinthus et Valles Marineris". Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=9acd64cb-c9e6-489a-9bb5-a5c7fcac0dc8.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlteration minerals preserved on Mars in ancient terrains seem to indicate environments where liquid water was relatively perennial 3. 5 to 4 billion years ago. However the exact nature of these environments is still debated, notably for the most primitive. Was liquid water stable globally at the surface or were deeper hydrothermal settings often involved ? Because of subsequent modifications of altered terrains, the recognition of exact geological settings is impeded. Alteration minerals were recently detected in the relatively recent terrains of Tharsis magmatic province, in the region of Noctis Labyrinthus, terrains which show fairly well preserved morphological features. The parallel analysis of the morphology, mineralogy and geological context of these outcrops at the local scale lead us to propose a scenario based on hydrothermal alteration, which is also relevant at the regional scale, and allows us to recognize mineralogical associations that may be distinctive, on Mars, of such environments. Also equivocal, the origin of sulfates found in the layered deposits of Valles Marineris was also considered in this thesis. On one hand we built an updated map of these sulfates using OMEGA data and on another hand we estimated their abundance using an empirical approach: we took laboratory spectra of intimate mixtures of pure materials in various, controlled, relative amounts. While the resulting estimate of sulfur mass balance in itself is consistent with hydrothermal alteration, this approach also opens interesting possibilities for future studies
Bentahar, Yassine. "Caractérisation physico-chimique des argiles marocaines : application à l’adsorption de l'arsenic et des colorants cationiques en solution aqueuse". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4081/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaToday drinking water resources are greatly reduced due to population increase accompanied by high industrialization and intensive agricultural development. Releases of varying micropollutants (pesticides, dyes, phenols ...) in the environment are increasing. These pollutants, toxic and poorly degradable, are usually the source of many harmful health effects. They also directly affect the balance of ecosystems following the deterioration of the quality of various environmental medium (soil, water, air). Hence the concern to develop methods that work to preserve water resources against pollution by treating polluted sources. The application of natural and abundant adsorbents like clay in the water treatment is a legitimate way to preserve the water capital. That is why my research is articulated around the physicochemical characterization of a series of natural clays sampled in the northern region of Morocco. Several techniques have been sought: XRD, XRF, FTIR, TGA, The BET-N2 specific surface area, electrophoresis. Furthermore the determination of some physicochemical properties such as CEC and TOC. This allowed us to establish a database with the different properties of these materials. This database may be sought to guide the use of these materials according to their nature. In a second step, we studied the adsorption of arsenic and organic contaminants (methylene blue and methylene violet) by clays. The kinetics of equilibrium adsorbent / adsorbate is an essential step to optimize the conditions for determination of adsorption isotherms
Zangué, Adjia Henriette. "Adsorption des métaux lourds des eaux usées par les argiles alluviales de l'Extrême-Nord Cameroun". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0389/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe industrial and urban development increases the water pollution in Cameroon. It becomes imperative to develop inexpensive and easy to manage remediation methods. This work aimed at eliminating heavy metals (Cu2+, Pb2+, Hg2+, Cr3+) from water by adsorption on raw or heat treated clay. The alluvial clay sampled in the far North of Cameroon mainly contains smectite (46%), kaolinite (38%), interlayers (10%) and quartz (5%). The structural formulas are : (Si3,42Al0,58)(Al0,87Fe0,96Mg0,17)O10(OH)2(C+)0,75 for the smectite and Si2Al1,95Fe0,05O5(OH)4 for the kaolinite. The heavy metals cations fastly adsorb on raw clay, the temperature and the pH have not much influence on their adsorption. The clay affinity in relation to Cu2+, and Pb2+ is very strong whereas it is low for Hg2+, Cr3+. For the adsorption of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cr3+ the proposed mechanisms are the cation exchange and the complexation while for the Hg2+, a mechanism of speciation is involved. The pellets obtained by thremic treatment of the clay above 500°C are stable in solution and they have a good capacity for heavy metals adsorption. Performances of the pellets are lower than those of raw clay, however, their use is easier since they do not need solid-liquid separation after adsorption
Rousseau, Christelle. "Étude du dépôt calco-magnésien formé sous protection cathodique : influence des sédiments marins en eau de mer naturelle, influence des argiles en eau de mer artificielle, impact environnemental de l'utilisation d'anodes sacrificielles". Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2001.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn marine environment, protection against corrosion is generally applied by cathodic protection. This technique induces the formation of an insulating deposit, named calcareous deposit, which improves protection efficiency. But, the tests realised in natural sea water indicate that the calcareous deposit formation is highly delayed when marine sediments are present, whereas the energy required for the cathodic protection are reduced. This delay might be explained by sediments presence that reinforces the Mg deposit, which initializes the calcareous deposit formation. The influence of three clays (main sediments constituents) on calcareous deposit formation in artificial sea water was studied. The results obtained depend on the clay’s nature. The affinity of montmorillonite for Mg2+ delays calcareous deposit formation by in situ Mg deposit reinforcement. Kaolinite favours this Mg deposit too and prevents the calcium carbonate deposition. Finally, the affinity of chlorite for Ca2+ speeds up the calcareous formation. Investigations in semi natural conditions show that the sacrificial anodes used induces zinc sea water contamination. The solubilized zinc can be transferred to surface sediments, which then become a secondary pollution source, as the sorbed labile zinc can be mobilized to sea water
Esnault, Loïc. "Réactivité géomicrobiologique des matériaux et minéraux ferrifères : impact sur la sureté d'un stockage de déchets radioactifs en milieux argileux". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10139/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis sought to describe the dynamic concept of a viable and sustainable microbiological activity under deep geological disposal conditions and to assess its impact on containment properties and storage components. Thus, in this study, a model based on the bacterial ferric reduction was chosen for its sustainability criteria in the system and its ability to alter the materials in storage conditions. The main results of this work demonstrated the capability of the environment to stand the iron-reducing bacterial activity and the conditions of its development in the deep clay environments. The bio-availability of structural Fe (III) in clay minerals and iron oxides produced during the process of metal corrosion was clearly demonstrated. In this system, the corrosion appears to be a positive factor on bacterial activities by producing an energy source, hydrogen. The iron-reducing bacterial activities can lead to a resumption of metallic corrosion through the consumption of iron oxides in the passive film. The direct consequence would be a reduction of the lifetime of metal containers. In the case of ferric clay minerals, the consequences of such an activity are such that they can have an impact on the overall porous structure both in terms of chemical reactivity of the materials or physical behavior of the clayey barrier. One of the most significant results is the crystallization of new clay phases at very low temperatures, below 40°C, highlighting the influence of the anaerobic microbial activity in the mineralogical transformations of clay minerals. Furthermore, these experiments also allowed to visualize, for the first time, a mechanism of bacterial respiration at distance, this increases the field of the availability of essential elements as Fe3+ for bacterial growth in extreme environment. In conclusion, these results clearly showed the impact of the microbiological factor on the reactivity of clay and metal minerals, while relying on control parameters on bacterial activity. The relevance of taking into account these microbiological activities in the case of safety assessments of a repository is then established
Couture, Geneviève. "Étude de l'Hydrolyse acide des herbicides atrazine, simazine et diuron en solution dans l'eau et à la surface de minéraux argileux déshydratés à l'air libre, au voisinage de 0 et 22 C". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/27028/27028.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSani, Rababe. "Étude des transformations microstructurales de mélanges argile/Combustibles Solides de Récupération (CSR) lors de la cuisson : relations entre propriétés physico-chimiques, mécaniques et thermiques". Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018EMAC0005/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe valorization of co-products rich in organic and inorganic materials as additives in formulations based on clay matrix can improve both the mechanical and thermal performances of ceramic materials as well as the energy balance of the manufacturing processes of these products. This study focused on the incorporation of Solid Recovered Fuels (SRF) into the clay ceramics for civil engineering in close collaboration with TERREAL as part of the ANR funded LabCom RESPECTc project. Firstly, two SRF were selected and used as additives to improve the properties of ceramic materials from to clay mixture deposits named ML and MC from TERREAL. The influence of the nature, the amount of SRF, the grain size of SRF and the nature of clay matrix on the physico-chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of the clay/SRF mixtures were studied between 30°C and 1100°C. In all cases, the addition of SRF into the clay mixture (ML or MC) has enhanced the insulating nature of the ceramic materials by reducing their thermal conductivity. The addition of SRF has also improved the mechanical properties of the ceramic materials, depending on the nature and the amount of SRF added, the rate and the nature (shape, size and distribution) of the porosity created. The study demonstrated that interactions between clay minerals and inorganic elements of SRF have a significant effect on mechanical and thermal properties. The results showed that the addition of 4 wt.% of SRF15-1 containing an ash content of 65.7 wt.% into clay matrix ML led to increase the mechanical strength of the material based on the clay matrix ML of the order of 32%. Then, a kinetic model of thermal sintering based on the dimensional variations of ceramic materials between 650°C and 1000°C was developed from thermomechanical analysis (TMA) of the clay mixtures (with or without SRF). The main objective is to better understand the mechanism of the thermal sintering involved. The model developed showed a good adequacy with the experimental data. The results showed that the thermal sintering step of these mixtures is carried out by the presence of a liquid phase and that the addition of SRF has accelerated the densification of ceramic materials. This has led to decrease the usual firing temperature of ceramic materials, allowing a significant energy savings. Finally, an environmental assessment was carried out during the firing of clay/SRF mixtures. This study was particularly focused on the contribution of SRF to the energy balance and impact of critical gas emissions such as CO2, CO and HCl. The results showed that CO2 and CO emissions during firing of clay/SRF mixtures increased due to the thermal decomposition of the organic matter of SRF and that less than 50 wt.% of chlorine was converted to HCl (18-31 ppm). The energy balance showed that the addition of SRF into the ML matrix compensates for a significant part of the natural gas usually used as fuel during firing of these ceramic materials. This was reflected by a thermal energy saving and reduction of CO2 emissions from the decarbonatation of the clay matrix
Emmanuel, Tertre. "Modélisation des propriétés d'adsorption des minéraux argileux gonflants vis-à-vis de cations inorganiques". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Poitiers, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984348.
Pełny tekst źródłaBerez, Amor. "Dépollution par l'argile naturelle d'effluents teinturiers : étude expérimentale et modélisation du processus d'adsorption / désorption en réacteur fermé et colonne de percolation". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH007/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of the work is to study the adsorption-desorption process of an azo dye on natural clay from two Tunisian deposits. The laboratory experiment was conducted in a closed reactor (batch) and percolation column. In the first step, two types of clay were used. The kinetic study shows that the adsorption and desorption follow the pattern of a pseudo first order phenomenon. A Langmuir isotherm is fitted to the adsorption process, while the desorption isotherm is characterised by hysteresis. The adsorption capacity of the Gafsa clay is more pronounced than that of the Borj Chekir clay. The percolation column studies were conducted on a mixture of of Borj Chekir clay and medium sand H2F. Hydrodynamic parameters were determined using an inert tracer (fluorescein). The reactive transport study showed that an increase in clay percentage will increase retention, but, on the other hand when using a constant percentage of the clay-sand mixture, increasing the injection rate will decrease the retention capacity of the mixture. The output curves were then compared with the numerical results of a 1D reactive transport model incorporating two reversible and irreversible adsorption sites
Abdulanova, Saya. "Etude de la terminaison méridionale de l'Oural (Mougodjar, Kazakhstan) : évolution tectonique et stratigraphique du bassin d'avant-pays au Paléozoïque (Dévonien à Permien)". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066643/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is dedicated to the study of the foreland basin of southern Ural in Kazakhstan (Mougodjar). Sedimentological data have been collected from field investigations, and sub-surface data (seismic profiles, wells) have been studied. A sedimentological investigation of the turbidites, Carboniferous to Early Permian in age, has been performed. It allowed to characterize the environments of deposition of the turbidites and to evidence the long-term succession from uppermost Carboniferous to early Permian. The analysis of turbides indicates that the long-term sequences are controlled by global sea-level changes controlled by glacio-eustatism. The Early Permian orogeny, associated to the uplift of the Ural chain, controlled the quantity and quality of the sedimentary input sourcing the foreland basin. Important variations in the conglomeratic levels reflect (1) the erosion of material from the volcanic arc and carbonate platforms constituting the margins of the basin, and (2) local reorganizations of sub-marine slopes (changes in paleo-current directions). The smectitic minerals are the most frequent in the clay minerals assemblages reported in the uppermost Carboniferous to Early Permian sequences. Illite, Kaolinite, and chlorite are less frequently observed. This assemblage of clay minerals shows a permanence of detrital sources filling the basin. This pattern is thought to reflect a sorting effect of the clay particles along a proximal-distal transect, either than a direct paleoclimatic control. The distribution of the organic matter, mainly marine from the Middle Devonian to the Carboniferous indicates that the paleoenvironments were looked favourable to high surface paleoproductivities associated to a dysoxy/anoxy of all, or part, of the water column in the context of a restricted marine basin. The highest values of COT (20 %) found in the Kiya section (Fammenian) may be associated to a major Devonian OAE, the Hangenberg event. However, the accuracy of available biostratigraphic data does not allow to ensure such correlation. Indeed, OAE events may have favoured the accumulation and preservation of the organic matter in the Mougodjar, in addition to physiographical effects (e.g., the relative closure of the basin toward the south). The high concentration in organic carbon (COT 20%) of the Devonian sediments shows good potential source rocks. The content in organic matter, mainly from terrestrial origin, of the Permian turbidites are lower (COT reaching up to 4%), but quite high in some stratigraphic levels. The proximal silty-sandy deposits display the higher COT values. These Permian turbidites may be good reservoirs. They could also be potential gas-prone source rocks. The study of the sub-surface data allowed us to determine the structure of the foreland basin at the scale of southern Ural. It is constituted of folds and west-vergent thrusts resulting from a polyphased tectonic evolution. The folds gradually disappear toward the west passing westward either to the stable Russian platform in the north or to the eastern Pre-Caspian basin to the south. We have reconstructed the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the western Mougodjar through paleogeographic maps. Five key periods have been selected between the Devonian to early Permian period. Our reconstructions evidence two main orogenic events: (1) a first collision between the European continent and the Magnitogorsk volcanic arc in Middle Devonian, and (2) the major uralian orogeny during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian times resulting from the collision of the European continent with the Kazakh and Siberian plates. This event originated the foreland basin, which is almost completely fulfilled by a thick detrital sequence. In Kungurian, the foreland basin is almost completely isolated and a thick evaporitic sequence deposited
Cardinaud, Guillemette. "Liants ternaires à base d'argile calcinée : Etude des mécanismes de structuration, optimisation mécanique et durabilité". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ECDN0018.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe reduction of carbon dioxide emissions related to cement production is a key point for industry today. About 60% of these emissions are chemical and issued from a crucial step in cement production: clinkerization. One of the solutions to reduce carbon dioxide emissions associated with concrete is the substitution of clinker by other materials. Since some decades, scientific community is particularly interested to the use of calcined clays (and specifically metakaolin) as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). The combination of such materials with limestone filler is very promising in terms of mechanical properties. This study aims at demonstrate that the results obtained with a clay composed of illite and kaolinite before calcination are equivalent to those observed with a clay containing only kaolinite. Through a multi-scale approach, this work shows that the use of a pure clay is not necessary. In the case of ternary binders, hydrate assemblage is similar with one or the other clay. Performance-based approach is adopted for the qualification of durability indicators for concrete containing such binders and carbonation of these concretes must be given attention. Results in this study are encouraging and promising for the industrial use of composite calcined clays in cements
Abdulanova, Saya. "Etude de la terminaison méridionale de l'Oural (Mougodjar, Kazakhstan) : évolution tectonique et stratigraphique du bassin d'avant-pays au Paléozoïque (Dévonien à Permien)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066643.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is dedicated to the study of the foreland basin of southern Ural in Kazakhstan (Mougodjar). Sedimentological data have been collected from field investigations, and sub-surface data (seismic profiles, wells) have been studied. A sedimentological investigation of the turbidites, Carboniferous to Early Permian in age, has been performed. It allowed to characterize the environments of deposition of the turbidites and to evidence the long-term succession from uppermost Carboniferous to early Permian. The analysis of turbides indicates that the long-term sequences are controlled by global sea-level changes controlled by glacio-eustatism. The Early Permian orogeny, associated to the uplift of the Ural chain, controlled the quantity and quality of the sedimentary input sourcing the foreland basin. Important variations in the conglomeratic levels reflect (1) the erosion of material from the volcanic arc and carbonate platforms constituting the margins of the basin, and (2) local reorganizations of sub-marine slopes (changes in paleo-current directions). The smectitic minerals are the most frequent in the clay minerals assemblages reported in the uppermost Carboniferous to Early Permian sequences. Illite, Kaolinite, and chlorite are less frequently observed. This assemblage of clay minerals shows a permanence of detrital sources filling the basin. This pattern is thought to reflect a sorting effect of the clay particles along a proximal-distal transect, either than a direct paleoclimatic control. The distribution of the organic matter, mainly marine from the Middle Devonian to the Carboniferous indicates that the paleoenvironments were looked favourable to high surface paleoproductivities associated to a dysoxy/anoxy of all, or part, of the water column in the context of a restricted marine basin. The highest values of COT (20 %) found in the Kiya section (Fammenian) may be associated to a major Devonian OAE, the Hangenberg event. However, the accuracy of available biostratigraphic data does not allow to ensure such correlation. Indeed, OAE events may have favoured the accumulation and preservation of the organic matter in the Mougodjar, in addition to physiographical effects (e.g., the relative closure of the basin toward the south). The high concentration in organic carbon (COT 20%) of the Devonian sediments shows good potential source rocks. The content in organic matter, mainly from terrestrial origin, of the Permian turbidites are lower (COT reaching up to 4%), but quite high in some stratigraphic levels. The proximal silty-sandy deposits display the higher COT values. These Permian turbidites may be good reservoirs. They could also be potential gas-prone source rocks. The study of the sub-surface data allowed us to determine the structure of the foreland basin at the scale of southern Ural. It is constituted of folds and west-vergent thrusts resulting from a polyphased tectonic evolution. The folds gradually disappear toward the west passing westward either to the stable Russian platform in the north or to the eastern Pre-Caspian basin to the south. We have reconstructed the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the western Mougodjar through paleogeographic maps. Five key periods have been selected between the Devonian to early Permian period. Our reconstructions evidence two main orogenic events: (1) a first collision between the European continent and the Magnitogorsk volcanic arc in Middle Devonian, and (2) the major uralian orogeny during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian times resulting from the collision of the European continent with the Kazakh and Siberian plates. This event originated the foreland basin, which is almost completely fulfilled by a thick detrital sequence. In Kungurian, the foreland basin is almost completely isolated and a thick evaporitic sequence deposited
Strechie-Sliwinski, Claudia. "ENREGISTREMENT SEDIMENTAIRE DES CHANGEMENTS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX RECENTS DANS LA ZONE NORD-OUEST DE LA MER NOIRE". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00399227.
Pełny tekst źródłaLopez, Gonzalez Téodolina. "La convection des fluides dans le sol de Mars et les échanges induits avec l'atmosphère et la paléo-hydrosphère de la planète". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608618.
Pełny tekst źródłaMerrot, Pauline. "Géochimie, spéciation et mobilité des éléments traces métalliques (Fe, Ni, Cr et Mn) au sein des sédiments du lagon de Nouvelle-Calédonie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS551.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaNew Caledonia is covered on 33% of ultramafic rocks enriched in trace metals elements (Fe, Ni, Cr, Mn and Co). The erosion of these massifs represents an important source of these trace metals towards the lagoon, partially registered on the World List Heritage by UNESCO for its biodiversity. Understanding the geochemical cycle of these toxic trace metals is essential to evaluate the potential impacts on the biodiversity of this ecosystem. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has shown that the contribution of iron sulfides is low, Ni and Fe are bearing by goethite and clays. These latter minerals representing the major phase for the Fe and Ni speciation were identified as chrysotile and green clays: a smectite (nontronite), a mica (glauconite) and a serpentine like a greenalite/berthierine. The clay minerals cycle and the green clay plays a major role in the Fe and Ni cycle, but also in Mn and to a lesser extent in the Cr cycles. The Mn speciation is shared by the clay minerals and the carbonates species whereas Cr is bearing by goethite and chromite inherited of laterite and in lesser extent by clay minerals. Cr is totally present under the reduced form which is the less toxic form. This absence of Cr(VI) is linked to the absence of Mn oxides in sediments avoiding the oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) and thus limits the impact on the environment. Finally, the chemical extractions of these metals show a relatively low bioavailability of trace metals except for Mn implying an effective long-term trapping for trace metals and thus limiting the environmental impacts even if the concentrations extracted are not negligible and can be threaten the biodiversity of the lagoon