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Millot-Richard, Clara. "Les économies du sel et du fer au Premier et Second Âges du fer entre la Lorraine et le Bade-Wurtemberg : marchés et modèles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2022. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/820a2482-79cf-4a23-b0c4-d751d367eca0.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe subject of the present doctoral work is based on the observation made during the research we carried out for the Master’s degree, namely that archaeologists find it difficult to integrate economic approaches into their data. Indeed, they prefer to turn to social science, ethnography and geography than to economics which is not part of the resources they mobilise. Raw materials seemed to us to be a pertinent angle to start with because they make it possible to come to grips with the internal economic circuits of a chrono-cultural space. That is why we chose to study salt and iron in the geographical area encompassing Lorraine and Baden-Württemberg in the first and second Iron Ages (6th-1st centuries BC). Salt and iron are both crucial resources, each in their own way, with precise supply and demand mechanisms which lead to specific markets. We investigated what production and consumption data can reveal about protohistoric economies
Richard, Nathalie. "La préhistoire en France dans la seconde moitié du dix-neuvième siècle (1859-1904)". Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010519.
Pełny tekst źródłaHurel, Arnaud. "L'institutionnalisation de l'archéologie préhistorique en France métropolitaine (1852-1941) et l'Institut de paléontologie humaine Fondation Prince Albert Ier de Monaco". Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040193.
Pełny tekst źródłaContrary to the other human sciences, the institutionalization of the prehistoric archaeology in France, that is its conversion of a social reality in a regulated structure, evolves by stages which, in their nature and their chain, go beyond those whom we hold traditionally for the other scientific disciplines. While, from the end of the first half of the XIXth, the community of the prehistorians begins to be scientifically recognized, it does not find academic position and refuses any rule of the excavations. Nevertheless, since the Revolution, the notion of national interest was led bit by bit as regards the archaeological heritage. In 1910, the French prehistorians oppose even firmly to the first bill conceived in order to protect deposits and they claim an exclusive and own right on their activities. The same year, the creation of the Institute of human paleontology by Prince Albert of Monaco represents the first attempt of professionalization of prehistorian's activity. The Second World War is going to pass beyong these oppositions and to impose the law of September 27th, 1941 as well as an official research structure by the C. N. R. S. And the University
Leroy, Marc. "La sidérurgie ancienne en Lorraine avant le Haut Fourneau : étude du développement historique et des conditions techniques de l'utilisation du minerai oolithique lorrain (La Minette) en metallurgie de réduction directe". Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA1020.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoissinot, Philippe. "Archéologie de l'habitat protohistorique : quelques points méthodologiques (historiographie et épistémologie) examinés à partir de la fouille d'une agglomération de la périphérie massaliète". Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0301.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the process of writing a monograph on the "baou-roux" - a prehistoric and protohistoric site at the periphery of massalia - the author became interested in the status of the various interpretative processes used in studying those archaeological sites which were located near the "historic" (greek) world but where the population did not express itself through writing. By having a first part dealing with questions of interpretation and a second part devoted to matters of knowledge (in the sense given by passeron), it has been possible to oppose, on the one hand, that which creates problems, which is built using our cultural models and cannot be sustained by "evidences" (in the sense given by popper) and, on the other hand, an area of cumulative knowledge agreed upon by the archaeological community (typologies of artifacts and structures, stratigraphic appraoch). By going back to the basis of a semiology of arcaeological traces and introducing the concept of "lieu propre" (de certeau), it can be shown that what is offered by other better informed social sciences, such as history, sociology and ethnology, can be based only on presumptions
Coye, Noël. "Des mythes originels à la recherche archéologique : sources, méthodes et discours de l'archéologie préhistorique en France avant 1950". Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX10012.
Pełny tekst źródłaHuron, Denis. "Le nord-est de la cité des Leuques : aux époques laténienne et gallo-romaine". Nancy 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN21010.
Pełny tekst źródłaHuron, Dominique. "La partie centrale de la cité des leuques : aux époques laténienne et gallo-romaine". Nancy 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN21011.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuichard, Vincent. "Arvernes et Ségusiaves au second âge du fer : contribution à l'étude des sociétés gauloises de France centrale". Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOL019.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is a compilation of studies that consider several aspects of the archaeological evidence available in the north of massif central (France) for the period of the late iron age (3rd-1st centuries B. -C. ) : "typo-chronology" of several categories of artefacts (namely pottery, coins, jewelry), spatial cultural divisions (through funeral practices and pottery), and evolution of the Gallic society subsequent to the appearance of the oppida (at the turn of the 2nd and 1st centuries) and to Romanization. We defend that the most important social change of the period (and the one the bene fit of which was amplified after the roman conquest) for this region is not the one induced by oppida but the slow organization of society started in the 3rd century: the setting up of stable commercial routes and large size open settlements, the stabilization of regional political entities (the Caesar's civitates) and of a political elite
Hecker, Anne. "Quelles réaffectations pour les voies ferrées désafectées? : le cas de la Lorraine". Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040100.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn France, and therefore in Lorraine, the railways network has been contracted during the twentieth century : more than 1200 km open to travellers traffic has disappeared in this only area. Today, the value of those abandoned corridors, frequently damaged through lack of care, is a debatable point for professional of local and regional planning. This point presents a growing keenness and urgency aspect. Are still they as a whole a patrimony ? On the other hand, can we recognize each railway as a capital ? And which part could they play in today’s society ? Several transformations can be observed, and particularly the full of promise “green ways” : those trails, established on various paths, are used for transport and spare times of no-motorized persons. Thanks to their specific qualities, abandoned railroads seem to fit this kind of transformation, which are yet often realized on other paths (towpath, forest road …). Nevertheless, the evolution of each railroad, its geographical, historic or economic environment, just as circumstances of its construction and abandonment are responsible of inequalities between those corridors looking for a conversion. Only detailed studies of Lorraine’s abandoned railways can help concerned professionals to test their patrimonial values and their abilities to be transformed, especially into green ways
Prouteau, Rachel. "La céramique domestique du Premier Moyen âge (VIe-XIIème siècle) : l'exemple du sillon lorrain". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0145.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor twenty-five years preventive archaeology has enabled to find a significant number of rural and urban settlement sites from the Early Middle Ages , which were riche in ceramics.These completely new material has enabled to study for the first time household ceramics in the Moselle Valley. Whereas the essential part of knowledge used to concern funerary ceramic, it began possible to carry out the study of every day crockery. While Late Antique features still remain visible in some rough and smooth clay body vessels, 6th and 7th centuries are characterized by new shapes, probably coming from the Frankish area: carinate shaped vases and bowls, flared wall bowls, cups, flat based slightly decorated globular pots, with or without handle can be compared to the craft production in the outstanding Merovingian workshops such as Mayen, Huy and Maastricht.From the end of the 8th century, a morphological break occurs in domestic ceramic pottery. Closed shapes diversify (pots, pots with handles, with spouts, jugs) as well as in open shapes (skillet, bowls with pedestal base, curved bowls, goblets in the shape of a truncated cone, lids). Pots with handles or perforated neck are very decorated. They evolve towards more globular shapes with rounded bottoms.Stylistic influences introduced in the region from the 8th century reflect a strong impact of Belgium, the Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the Rhine Valley. This could be related to the Carolingian expansion which facilitated exchanges.Whereas the period between the 10th and 12th centuries usually means Revolution in Eastern Europe, it is surprising to find a large technical and morphological continuity in the different kinds of containers.The number of pots with handles decreases, whereas the pots with perforated neck for hanging are more numerous. Open shapes are limited to bowls, curved bowls and lids.Decorated ceramics are barely present, only a few pots and pots with handles can be found. Production is still typical of North-western Europe.It is not until the beginning of 13th century that a real revolution takes place in ceramics, leading to a new chronological and cultural area
Gouédo, Jean-Marc. "Le technocomplexe micoquien en Europe de l'ouest et centrale : exemples de trois gisements du sud-est du basin parisien, Vinneuf et Champlost (Yonne), Verrières-le-Buisson (Essonne)". Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50377-1999-11-1.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaCrabtree, Stefani Allison. "Trade, territoriality, alliances and conflict : complexity science approaches to the archaeological record of the U.S. southwest with a case study from Languedoc, France". Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA1021/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis project utilizes network analysis and agent-based modeling to examine long-standing questions that can only now be asked with the rich data provided in southwestern Coloradoand southern France: how Gauls and colonists established economic partnerships, how violence may have shaped the development of multiple levels of leadership, and how earlyf armers interacted with their environments. Writing a dissertation composed of three distinct case studies, two from the U.S. Southwest and one from the south of France, I use tools developed in complexity science to better address how people in the past dealt with challenges related to resource acquisition. Agent-based modeling and network analysis (both social network analysis and trophic network analysis) will allow me to characterize human decision making processes and discuss how sharing of strategies within a group can lead to greater fitness of those in the in-group
Mathis, Denis. "Géohistoire agraire d’un pays lorrain : le Saulnois". Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN21021/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Saulnois is an ancient part of Lorraine. Its past has always been confused with salt mining and as such is of a unique geo-historical interest. The analysis of the timeless Saulnois scene, from the Halstatt to the present is an exceptionally long story. It allows for a global and multiscale study to match against the ‘long-time’-scaling of historicity. The contemporary landscape census and its interpretation through historical biais, along with hints of recycled ancient sites, are a first step. This stratification gives a reasonably accurate reconstruction of the making, the settling and the evolution of the Saulnois. This study has exposed some of the great self-made landscapes. With time, these have been either abandonned or recycled during evolutionary processes. Their importance along with the mutation of agrarian scenes underline frequent exogenous intrusions which add to the process. The Thirty Years War was the catalyst of a perfect openfield and hamlet diffusion process. It anihilated all preceding agrarian systems. The Saulnois has lived through six principal cycles which include its construction, its climax, and its fall, which is where the new cycle steps-in
Henry, Paul François. "Lanmor et La Hunaudaye : recherches autour de la naissance d'un chateau médiéval des origines au XIIIe siècle". Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20018.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe researches on the origins of La Hunaudaye castle (located in Pledeliac, Cotes d'Armor), destroyed in 1793, show from an archeologic survey (from prehistory to antiquity) and from the study of slopes and roads, an extension of the surrounding forest spaces, coming after the late la tene period. The fact that the nearest roman roads of the early roman empire were going around these territories reveals an avoidance of them. These territories appear to be a probable domain of the imperial tax authorities ; this fact seems to be confirmed by the establishment of the breton primitive parishes and the distribution of hagiotoponyms related to the most ancient bishoprics of the peninsula. The establishment of La Hunaudaye castle, midway from an axis that linked directly Corseul, the capital of coriosolites on the crossroads of Lamballe, with the south of the roman roads which is exposed to the incursions from the coast, on the late empire period, is totally justified by the possibility of intervention, in these two directions, and by the possibility to control the forests. The unearthing of the fortress's walls has permitted the observation of the most ancient states of the monument, and the accomplishment of a typology of ceramics, in relation to stratigraphy. The discovery of some merovingian furniture would confirm the results provided by landscape's survey and hagiotoponymy
Pisella, Régis-Pierre. "Nature et origine des roches et des minéraux taillés issus de niveaux archéologiques préhistoriques corses : étude statistique sur approche typologique et géologique de documents lithiques en place". Corte, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CORT0016.
Pełny tekst źródłaWith the scientific help of geology, the research in corsican prehistoric archaeology gives new working bases. These are the result of an exploration made about the nature and origin of rocks and minerals used in the lithic industry. The collections of objects kept for examination are from the archaeological levels of 6 sites (Carcu, Lavezzu, Monte Lazzu, Monte Grosso, Strette, Terrina). They represent nearly 10 000 documents. The identification of geological nature as well as the typological recognition of each object submitted to analysis entitles to make a statistical study of the data. This study throws light on the state and the evolution of the island lithic industry dating back to 5 thousand years (use of corsican rocks and of surrounding rocks such as obsidian in certain types of designation). Also by bringing out some virtually ways it authorizes an interpretation of the economic phenomena and social cultures. The latter have played a leading role on the set of facts and events that were instrumental in the immigration as well as the movements of prehistoric communities in corsica
Augier, Laurence. "Étude des productions céramiques de l'âge du fer dans le Berry, du Hallstatt C à la Tène B2/C1 : des hommes et des pots". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010584.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoisson, Hugues. "La céramique non tournée du premier age du fer en Languedoc occidental : caractérisation d'un faciès culturel et impacts des premiers échanges méditerranéens". Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30003.
Pełny tekst źródłaSeveral cultural groups are linked to the many geographic territory on Mediterranean coast during Bronze and Iron Ages. In the western part of Languedoc, one of these human community has been distinguished through the vestiges of indigenous potteries made without potter's wheel. During the first Iron Age, the Mediterranean trade is beginning with the indigenous populations. Therefore, many social changes are perceivable through material culture. Indeed, most of these archaeological artefacts had to been studied. The purpose of this work is to complete the typological and chronological sequences of these potteries, as well as ascertaining the technological process of production. This analysis is linked to the problematic of social and technological acculturation process during Early Iron Age in the Western Mediterranean area
Milcent, Pierre-Yves. "Recherches sur le premier âge du fer en France centrale". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010542.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur study is about the first iron age of auvergne and the oriental part of the Centre and Limousin regions. It is based on the thorough inventory of the documentation concerning the isolated finds, the settlements, the hoards and the cimeteries. The objective is to propose a new analysis on the first iron age in France with new data and without focusing more a cultural profile than another one (central France is at the junction of three big cultural areas). We have adopted a chronological plan. It include three parts. The first part is about the transition between the bronze and the iron age (800650/630 bc). This period starts with the changes that appears on 8th bc : full developement of iron metallurgy, transformation of settlement patterns and exchange networks, break in ritual deposit customs. The use of an aristocratic equipement of atlantic origin - espacially hallstatt sword - reveals the extent of strong changes in the elite society. During the middle step of the first iron age (650/630-510 bc), we are more documented on women compare with the previous period when men were preeminent. Rich feminin jewels, sometimes exotics, placed in founder burials, in ritual hoards, are the more visible features of this change. It seems to be the sign of an advantageous place for women in the aristocratic families structures. The increasing importance of the long distance exchange networks characterise the end of the first iron age (510-430 bc). South-west Germany and northern Italy have an influence on the elite evolution. Some of their members started to adopt funeral practices from those areas. The urban centre emergence of bourges is another spectacular consequence of those contacts. Yhe end of this phenomenon coincide with a cultural standardisation process all over Mid-Europe
Bündgen, Sidonie. "Peuplement, cultures et gestion de l'espace dans le Forez, de la préhistoire à l'antiquité". Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA1009.
Pełny tekst źródłaGeographical and historical entity, the Forez is located at the eastern part of the french Massif central and is almost including the whole Loire department. It is composed by a middle mountain and an alluvial plain, towards which flows the Loire river. Through a multiscalar territorial approach, the interactions between men and these differents geographical sectors has been studied. The archaeological map of the department had been updated with the new discoveries of the latest archaeological operations and with the datas of the Prehistory and of the first part of the Protohistory, previously not taken on account. In order to complete the bibliographical ressearch, some pedestrian surveys has been led on the smallest windows of the multiscalar study. Thanks to these works and to the analysis of the numerous lithic industries and potteries, an history of the human settlement in the Loire department can be proposed. They also give an idea of the landscape management and of the cultural aspects in the Forez through the centuries. There are two main results. The first one is the prime importance part played by the river for every men’s cultural aspects. In fact, human implantation is mostly established near the river in the open country, and it’s only during the more intensive periods of settlement that the piedmont and the hills of the monts du Forez are truly colonised. The second point shows the privilegied connections between the Forez and the areas of the North-East of France. That’s the reasons why we can say that the river’s flow had led the whole human settlements during more than 400 centuries
Couchoud, Isabelle. "Étude pétrographique et isotopique de spéléothèmes du sud-ouest de la France formés en contexte archéologique : contribution à la connaissance des paléoclimats régionaux du stade isotopique 5". Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13266.
Pełny tekst źródłaDubois, Sébastien. "Emergence et développement de l'archéologie préhistorique en Midi Toulousain entre 19e et 20e siècle". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690340.
Pełny tekst źródłaMoulis, Cédric. "Bâtir en Lorraine méridionale (XIe-XIIe siècles) : chantier et mise en œuvre des matériaux". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0184/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThanks to steps forward on art history regarding the Romanesque architecture in the Lorraine region, this thesis revisits a number of sites in terms of archaeological issues related to the art of building. Fourteen monographs of churches, abbeys or castles, plus a hundred or so sites explored in the ancient diocese of Toul, make it possible to understand the use of building materials, primarily stone and wood. This can be done along nine themes related to construction: how to define location, proportionate, extract, cut, assemble, build, vault, scaffold, cover. This work highlights the know-how of architects, quarrymen, stonecutters, masons or carpenters involved in projects that have been neglected as they are often too modest to attract the attention of researchers.In fact, this topic has not been so far the subject of substantial studies for the geographical area and the chronological period involved. We have highlighted buildings for which plan and volume vary from one place to the other, although they all fit well with the known Romanesque canons. Specificities are prevalent in the Toul area, the Saintois or the Vallage. They are distinguished first by the density of remains in comparison with the rest of the Lorraine. This testifies to the vitality of these three entities during the 12th century in particular. It seems also related to the lithic resources available in these sectors.Examination of the materials and locations of available resources in the area highlights an economy based on short distribution channels, whereas materials rarely come from more than five kilometers away from the construction site, with the possible exception of pine wood and mortar. Physico-chemical analyzes have completed the research. They have often made it possible to reconsider the datings proposed by art historians, aging the buildings by several tens of years.On the sites themselves, we often provide the first observations in the archeology of buildings carried out so far, especially for rural buildings of low volume or for parts of buildings which are difficult to access, either in ruin or still in use. In light of these explorations, a new field of research is emerging and has to extended: the use of wood in the masonry and the carpentry. More traces remain than thought of at the beginning of the investigation. In a more general way, we notice an evolution in the technicality of the building sites, and their rationalization, which encompasses first the religious buildings at the end of the 11th century, before extending to the castle construction during the 12th century, and later to the small country churches. From a similar perspective, we demonstrate that local know-how is more often used than grand architectural concepts developed on more prestigious buildings and in regions of more political importance.We have also taken special care to put the Man and his gesture back in the center of the construction process. Most of the time, studies in this area are concerned with motivations and consequences of an action, be it political, artistic or editorial. We have focused more on technicality. How to go from motivation (the will to build) to realization (reception of the finished work) ? More than the point of arrival, it is the process that has been at the center of our concerns. Thus, we can imagine the position of the stonecutter in front of his stone, the position of his hand, the movement he infuses to the tool. How to organize the facings and how to differentiate the first stone laid from the last? How to respond to architectural constraints ? How to develop the scaffolding ? Here again, certain local peculiarities have appeared, probably showing a movement of workers to the various sites according to the opening of the construction works. Finally, our work brings new heuristic tools to the attention of researchers making the reading of the wall facings less tedious and more rational
Bernigaud, Nicolas. "Les anthroposystèmes des marais de Bourgoin-La-Verpillière (Isère) du néolithique final à l'antiquité tardive (3000 av. J. C. -600 ap. J. -C. : archéologie du paysage et de l'environnement". Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE2022.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe marshes of Bourgoin-la Verpillière are located in the Isère department, nearly forty kilometers east of Vienne and Lyon. This large and humid depression, used for pastures and mowing fields since the Middle Ages, was drained at the beginning of the 19th century AD. With poplar plantations and cornfields, these ancient marshes are presently cultivated, with a geometric parcel plan organized around the large drainage canals of the Bourbre and the Catelan. The aim of this dissertation is to study, from an « anthroposytemic» perspective, the way in which man has taken advantage of and transformed the marshes ecosystem over the last few millennia. To do so, one has to study simultaneously environmental history and human practices. Surveys were conducted within the marshes in order to map archaeological settlements. This was complemented by the study of aerial photographs to identify fossil traces of old channels, canals and ditches. A backhoe was used to dig trenches across a few of them. Their sedimentary fill was studied, dated and paleobotanical analyses conducted by specialists (palynology, paleoethnobotany, charcoal studies). Results put forward the development and construction of hydraulic structures between the Iron Age and the end of Antiquity (5th century BC-5th century AD). Some of the canal networks, which divert water from natural channels, were defined as gravity irrigation systems, which irrigated grasslands. Others are networks of ditches, which allowed for the farming of parts of the marshes (vineyards, hemp, cereals) during Antiquity. Most of the archaeological settlements recovered in the marsh date from that period. They are interpreted as small settlements specialized in artisanal and agricultural activities
Benard, Alain. "L'art rupestre du sud de l'Île-de-France". Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010620.
Pełny tekst źródłaPoncin, Marie-Dominique. "Le culte des sources dans la Cité gallo-romaine des Leuques". Nancy 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN21007.
Pełny tekst źródłaClassical and Christian literature frequently refer to the worship of springs in the graeco-roman world. It seemed of interest to ascertain the veracity of these accounts through a study of the City of the Leci about which literary texts are conspicuously silent. Collected documentary evidence in the form of iconography and epigraphs, irrefutable evidence of the past, is scarce since the worship of water sources was basically an outdoor cult not involving permanent structures. Archeological evidence has proved difficult to interpret since the presence of ritual apparatus near a spring does not necessarily prove the existence of a cult. This study notes, however, all the listed sites and classes them according to the amount of evidence found, as only archeological excavations carried out with today's scientific precision could prove or refute its hypotheses. To these places presumed sacred have been added those springs known only through Christian tradition where religious practises were seemingly inherited from paganism. After the drawing up of these groups came the study of those divinities identified as healers : Apollo and Mercury, Sirona and Rosmerta ; then the divinities with secondary healing functions : Diana or Dianas, Themmother-Goddesses, then Junos, Neptne and finally, Hercules. Unfortunately, the dedication of many springs remains ananymous. It seems established that in the City of the Leci, the cult of springs flourished and expressed itself in a variety of ways. Its practises seem identical to those observed in other areas of the Empire, the most northern ones in particular. These rites had penetrated far enough into intellectual and cultural attitudes for local populations to have perpetuated them in the Christian tradition
Bouby, Laurent. "Agriculture dans le bassin du Rhône du Bronze final à l’Antiquité : agrobiodiversité, économie, cultures". Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0589.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the Rhône Basin, the period from the Late Bronze Age to the end of the Roman period (c. 1400 BC – 476 AD) is characterized by important economical, political and cultural changes, the most striking resulting from the establishment of Mediterranean contacts during the Iron Age: first, the Greek settlements, later the Roman colonisation. Taking this evolution into account, Archaeobotany is used here as a tool to assess the dynamics of economical plants and agriculture. This work synthesizes the archaeobotanical data available from 104 archaeological sites (approximately 875 assemblages), including 44 original analyses. This synthesis favours the diversity of sources and a multi-stages approach based on the quantitative analysis of data, distinguishing: type of preservation, site / assemblage level, type of assemblage, economical plants and weeds. A morphometric analysis is carried on pips of Vitis vinifera, an exemplary species due to its agricultural, cultural and economic status. The reference collection assembled up to now includes 15 natural locations of wild grapevine, 7 cultivated wild grapevines, and 84 cultivars. In our dataset, the dynamics of economic plants and weeds is first structured according to time. The agricultural model of the Late Bronze Age is characterized by its diversity, with the exploitation of hulled barley, hulled wheat species, millets, oil plants, pulses and different native fruits. In the Mediterranean area, this model, largely sustained by northern-alpine influences, will only become dominant during the Iron Age I. However, it is already around the end of this period that a new dynamic is set in motion leading to specialized farming based on naked wheat, barley and grapevine which will be characteristic of the height of the Empire. From the 6th century BC on, the importance of emmer wheat decreases clearly, replaced by naked wheat, easier to store and transport. The rapid development of vine growing is recorded in the Low Rhône area, corresponding to the appearance of a domestic morphotype of grape. This indigenous vine growing is exploited for wine making in a small scale (for the household). Vines presenting morphological features of the wild subspecies are cultivated and exploited until the end of the roman period, in association with domesticated forms and for the same purposes. During the Late Bronze Age, agriculture is already permanent and quite intensive, with small fields fertilised via animal husbandry. During the Iron Age II, agriculture becomes more extensive, a trend which intensifies during the Roman period: larger areas of land are farmed using a smaller amount of labour and fertilizers. The practise of harvesting by sickle low on the culm spreads around. This new economic reality apparently results from the development of animal traction for ploughing and transport. The Mediterranean influences play an important role in the changes recorded from the 6th century on, but the Greeks are not simple agents of an imported farming model. Many of the agricultural changes happening during the Iron Age II touch both Marseille and the indigenous populations, in such a way that it becomes difficult to identify the causes of these changes
Paolini-Saez, Hélène. "Marmitte, coquillage et grain de quartz : la céramique néolithique de la Corse dans le contexte tyrrhénien aux VIème et Vème millénaires (cal. (B.C.). Analyse comparative à partir d'une étude typologique et technologique". Corte, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CORT0024.
Pełny tekst źródłaFerraresso, Ivan. "La maison en Lorraine, du Moyen Âge à la Renaissance (XIIIe-XVIe siècles)". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0353.
Pełny tekst źródłaUntil now the buildings of the 13th-16th centuries in the Lorraine region have not yet been investigated systematically by modern building research. Only the profane architecture of the city of Metz has been studied occasionally. In the rest of the study region, the domestic building constructed during the late Middle Age is remaining still largely unknown, without any doubt resulting from a lack of its visibility. It is evident that the bad state of conservation is remarkably hampering modern methodological building research. This has forced us to modify our scientific approach by integrating sociological concepts, the architectural language and the evidence of important chrono-historical developments. The regional bibliography dealing with this subject is evidencing that the anthropo-historical approach has largely influenced former studies and analysis. Today, modern research is taking profit from a much more developed scientific documentation, which is based on a systematic inventory, architectural studies and results from archaeological excavations. The stock of the inventoried buildings is without any doubt reflecting the socio-political developments of the Lorraine region between the 13th and the 16th c. AD. In this work the building’s architecture was studied from three different viewpoints to understand their today’s socio-cultural value: the surviving and persisting elements deriving from older architectural practices, the abandonment of practices and techniques and, not to forget, the local architectural and technical Know-how. This approach has allowed identifying the archetype of the domestic building in the Lorraine region between the 13th and 16th centuries and its heritage within the known historical building stock
Georges, Vincent. "Le Forez du 6ème au 1er millénaire av. J. -C. : territoires, identités et stratégies des sociétés humaines du Massif central dans le bassin amont de la Loire (France)". Dijon, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369820.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis heading Territories, identities and strategies in Forez from the sixth at the first front millenium BC in the upstream basin of the Loire, relates to an extent in the north-Eastern part of the Massif central in contact with the Rhodanian corridor. This intramontane sector (current department of Loire 42) has allowed to build a consequent archaeological corpus which clarified behaviours having strong socio-economic and environmental implications. The archaeological study called upon various disciplines: agronomy, anthropology, archeometry (palynology, dating 14C, etc. ), ceramology, geography, geomorphology, petrography, sedimentology, volumetry. It recuts several sets of themes : archaeological cartography, territorial studies, fluvial stratigraphy, the characterization and diffusion of materials, lithic, metallurgical and textile technologies, panoplies, architecture, territoriality and semantic. Principal results obtained :- A analysis of geographical space and archaeological corpus,- A typo-chronological test of classification of vestiges,- The definition of lithic materials with the determination of the accessibility and exploitationof the tectonites foréziennes (set of tools, axes…),- A chronostratigraphic approach of the flood plain of the Loire in Forez,- Identifications of protohistoric territorial constructions,- A analysis of the management of sowing and harvests during Bronze and Iron age and,- A technological and anthropological study of the metallic and textile protocolar ladies'garments between 1500-1000 BC from metallic rings covered
Gehres, Benjamin. "Connaissances des sociétés insulaires armoricaines par l’étude archéométrique du mobilier céramique : les réseaux d’échanges îles-continent : évolution du Néolithique à la période gallo-romaine". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20012/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis proposes to grasp the development of the ceramic productions and exchanges between the islands and the mainland since the Neolithic to the gallo-roman period.Through archaeometric approaches of ceramics, we question the role of the islands Brittany in the development of communication networks and movement of people and products. Thus, determining the local or exogenous nature of a production, it is possible to identify the degree of openness or withdrawal of an occupation and its integration into trade networks.For this, several analytical methods have been implemented at different scales, in relation to the typological datas of the ceramics. Macroscopic observations, on the surface treatments were carried out as microscopic observations in thin sections, which will identify the mineral assemblage in the clay, and to determine the geological and geographical origin of pottery. The study of paste is complemented with analysis by SEM-EDS, XR-D and HH-XRF. At last, a new methodological approach applied to the provenance of archaeological ceramics was developed: the analysis by LA-ICP-MS of natural or artificial inclusions in the potteries.The chronological framework of this study, from the Neolithic to the Gallo-Roman period allows to follow the evolution of the ceramic characteristics, the locations of supply and production.The interpretation of these analysis is put into perspective in a broader considerations on the status of island sites: are they production centers or dependent occupations from continental centers?
Giligny, François. "La variabilité des récipients céramiques au chalcolitique moyen-récent jurassien (3400-2400 av. J. -C. ) : analyse archéologique d'un système d'objets". Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010706.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe morphological, design and technological variability of the vessels of two regional ceramic corpus, coming from lake-dwelling sites of Clairvaux and Chalain in east france, and of delley portalban in west switzerland are studied. Two chrono-cultural sequences are proposed for both area, after discussion of the quality of the sample, and of its stratigraphical context. Phenomenon of cultural discontinuity are pointed out and are explained, wether as alternative influences from the south of france and from east or west switzerland, or as a genesis of local cultures. Social strategies are involved to explain the typological variability in the jura
Čučković, Zoran. "La mémoire du paysage : structuration des espaces protohistoriques de l'interfluve Seine-Yonne (France) et de l’Istrie-Kvarner (Croatie)". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCC002.
Pełny tekst źródłaA space cannot be inhabited without inhabiting its history. Such history is endured as the contingency of historical processes, but it is also handed down as collective memory.This thesis provides an analysis of European Bronze and Iron Age landscapes and territories from the perspective of social memory (end 3rd –1st millennium BC). Four studies, covering two study areas are presented: the interfluve Seine-Yonne (Parisian Basin) and the peninsula of Istria with Kvarner Bay, on the shores of the Adriatic Sea (Croatia).The case studies are grouped under two main themes. The first theme examines memorial landmarks, necropoles in particular. How were these places used and maintained, what was their purpose? It follows that besides commemorating the past, burial places were used to maintain and model social time.The second theme turns to territory, namely its institutionalisation. During the later Prehistory, the appropriation of space must have been intimately related to economic and other everyday practices, but the hold over such space was often expressed through the maintenance of necropoles; as if the hold over present passed through the hold over the past. What was the character of such territories, through which practices were they maintained? Two studies grouped in this section rely on visibility analysis in order to evaluate the visual impact of memorial and landmark structures (burial mounds and hillforts). This approach provides clues on the “landscape discourse”, maintained through various, conspicuous interventions in the landscape
Girard-Millereau, Benjamin. "Le mobilier métallique de l'âge du fer en Provence (VIème siècle - Ier siècle avant J.C) : contribution à l'étude des Celtes de France méditerranéenne". Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOL017.
Pełny tekst źródłaMurail, Pascal. "Biologie et pratiques funéraires des populations d'époque historique : une démarche méthodologique appliquée à la nécropole gallo-romaine de Chantambre (Essonne, France)". Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453414.
Pełny tekst źródłaScrinzi, Maxime. "Archéologie de la vallée du Vidourle : dynamique spatio-temporelle du peuplement de l'âge du Fer à l'an Mil". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30067/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrom its source to the Mediterranean Sea, the Vidourle valley, 95 km long, meets the various landscapes of the low-Languedoc géo-system. Through its journey, the river runs across the Cévennes (a small chain of mountains), the karstik hills, the garrigue and the camargue. This very rich natural environment is a perfect field for spatio-temporal analysis of settlements from the Iron Age to the High Middle Ages. Occupied since millenaries, this valley is of great archaeological wealth and allow us to question the behavior of man towards a river, through his travels and his way to develop the land, but also provides some answers on the roles of streams in this development. Based on many already advanced archaeological works (excavations, surveys, geomorphological analysis), this study was completed by new fieldworks in the upper valley of the river, expanding our knowledge of the settlement and helping us to provide a database of 832 archeological sites on which this analysis is based. Combining archeology, history and geography, along with the use of well known methods of studies (G.I.S, statistics, etc.), this research highlights the desire to offer a review of the issue of dynamics in valley of Vidourle. The broad chronological framework strengthens this desire and gives a more complete picture of the history of human occupation
Mirabaud, Sigrid. "Développements méthodologiques en spectrométrie de masse pour l'analyse des composés organiques amorphes archéologiques : étude du site néolithique de Clairvaux XIV (Jura, France)". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Mirabaud.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaPlutniak, Sébastien. "L’opération archéologique. Sociologie historique d’une discipline aux prises avec l’automatique et les mathématiques. France, Espagne, Italie, 2e moitié du XXe siècle". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0045.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the second half of the 20th century, attempts were made to operationally redefine various social activities, including those related to science, the military, administration and industry. These attempts were aided by scientific and technical innovations developed in the Second World War, and subsequently by the increase in use of automation in various domains. This Ph.D. thesis addresses these attempts from a sociohistorical perspective, focusing on the specific case of archaeology. During this period, the domain of archaeology underwent a process of disciplinarisation and professionalisation. The same occurred in applied mathematics and then computer science: this thesis focuses on the relationships between these three domains. In France, during the 1950's and 1960's, there were significant methodological and conceptual innovations. Their subsequent scientific recognition, was, however, relatively minor. In archaeology, innovations related to applied mathematics and automatics did not lead to the emergence of an archaeological speciality based on computation. This situation was in striking contrast to what happened in other scientific domains and in archaeology in other countries, where new theoretical and methodological Anglophone definitions in ‘New Archaeology’ were spreading worldwide.This thesis explores three collective attempts to redefine the conceptual and methodological basis of archaeology, led by Georges Laplace, Jean-Claude Gardin and Jean Lesage, across France, Spain and Italy. These cases are completed by other people who had significant careers in both engineering and archaeology. In general, this thesis studies a scientific activity by investigating the cognitive and social aspects of peoples’ methodological contributions. Three models of the relationships between experts in a scientific domain and experts in an applied science (here mathematics and computing) are empirically identified and described. The effects of introducing mathematical and automation procedures on the division of labour and the distribution of recognition are analysed. The success or failure of the methodological propositions are discussed with reference to several factors and models of scientific innovation. This thesis generates new information on the development of rescue and preventive archaeology and on the use of digital technologies in human sciences.The analysis draws on 82 interviews, 23 archives and several bibliometric datasets (extracted from pre-existing databases or constructed for the purpose of this research). Mirroring the archaeological propositions under study, this research also intends to illustrate the possible use of computing and formalised procedures in social sciences. The documentation and demonstrative principles underlying this work, implemented by using Wiki, the methods of literate programming and reproducible research, are themselves analysed
Moreau, Clément. "La céramique du Néolithique moyen II de l'Yonne à la Saône entre 4300 et 3400 avant notre ère". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596511.
Pełny tekst źródłaNüsslein, Antonin. "Les campagnes entre Moselle et Rhin dans l'Antiquité : analyse comparative des dynamiques spatiales et temporelles du peuplement de quatre micro-régions du I er s. avant J-C. au V e s. après J-C". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG020.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the Antiquity, the space between the Moselle and the Rhine is an area in which many historical events occured. Those events successively changed its administrative and political organization. This dissertation aims to study, through spatial, model, and comparative approaches, the evolution of the settlement of four micro-regions within a vast space between the I. c. BC to the V c. AD. In these frameworks, the shape and dynamics of the habitat, the structuring spaces they generate, and finally, the establishment choices of the settlements are consecutively studied. The results highlight the diversity of habitat types, spatial patterns and dynamics. The countrysides are not uniform and the mechanisms influencing the formation and the trajectory of the different types of perceived patterns are complex. They equally depend from many local factors and from the global historical phenomenon. The variety of cases described in this dissertation enables us to see that the countrysides are following several long evolution processes. The latter do not begin or finish on the borders of the defined historical periods
Blin, Arnaud. "La gestion des sépultures collectives du bassin parisien à la fin du néolithique". Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100183.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor one century and an half, around four hundred and fifty collective burials had been discovered in the Paris basin. The archeological information is widely lacunar. The knowledge of the chronological and cultural groups of the end of the Neolithic had been enhanced thanks to the burial deposit. It permitted to define a common phase of building and use of a large majority of the collective burials during the recent Neolithic (3350-3000 av. J.-C). A minority of them had been used during the final Neolithic(2900-2550 av. J.-C.), or even till the beginning of the Bronze Age.In spite of a common chronological horizon, the collective burials of the Paris basin presents a suprising architectural diversity. Two main types of monuments had been identified : the sepulchral galleries and the hypogeums. They coexist with a group of burials formerly named “dolmen” or “burial grave”, two names that we could not use any more. Each archictectural type is characterised by his own building technique, geographical distribution, implantation logic, useful life and deposit concentration. Is this diversity reinforced by some differences on burial practices ? Are the different types of collective burials of the Paris basin distinguished between as well by their functioning ? Could they constitue original characteristic cultural ?
Servera-Vives, Gabriel. "Dynamique holocène du paysage et mobilités des pratiques territoriales au mont Lozère (Massif central, France) : Approche paléoenvironnementale multi-indicateurs à haute résolution spatio-temporelle". Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0031/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFive sedimentary sequences have been studied in the Mont Lozère with the aim to reconstruct the landscape dynamics and the land-use through the longue durée. The use of a multi-proxy analysis has allowed us both to identify distinct rhythms of human-induced landscape shift and to establish the local/regional extent of these changes. The use of high spatial, chronological and analytical resolution has enabled a correct integration of the results of this research with those supplied by the PCR-Mont Lozère project. As a result, a series of land-uses in a mountain environment from the Neolithic to present time has been proposed. A long history of socio-environmental interactions in Mont-Lozère is evidenced. A first shepherding phase in Early Neolithic (4550-4400 cal BC) has been evidenced. During Late Neolithic pastoral practices and related slash-and-burn strategies attain its highest activity. In the Iron Age Period a noticeable deforestation of both foothills and higher environments takes place as a consequence of the overall increase farming and metallurgical activities. Forest clearances increase even more during High-Medieval times, at the same time that farming activities reinforce. During the Middle Ages a more complex and diversified land-use system, including farming, metallurgy, mining and charcoal production, is recorded. The development of farming activities in the Late Medieval resulted in a more evident forest clearance of the Massif. This area remained unchanged until the 19th century, when the decay of agriculture and shepherding occurs and forest replanting in Mont Lozère is recorded. The history of highland herb communities of Nardus stricta correctly matches the main phases of land-use and underlines the key-role of farming in the genesis and evolution of this cultural landscape
Se han estudiado cinco secuencias sedimentarias en el Mont Lozère con el objetivo de reconstruir la dinámica paisajística y los usos del suelo en la longue durée. La utilización de un análisis multiproxy ha permitido determinar los principales ritmos de antropización y establecer su carácter regional y/o local. La alta resolución espacial, cronológica y analítica hapermitido la integración de resultados con aquellos obtenidos en el marco del PCR-Mont Lozère y proponer los usos de la montaña que han modelado el paisaje cultural desde el Neolítico hasta la actualidad. Se ha evidenciado una larga historia de las interacciones socioambientales en el Mont Lozère, con una primera fase de carácter agropastoral en el Neolítico Antiguo, en ca. 4550-4400 cal BC. El Neolítico Final es una fase de marcado impacto agropastoral en la que se generalizan las quemas para abrir claros en el bosque. En la Edad del Hierro se inicia una marcada deforestación en el piedemonte y los espacios de altitud, coincidiendo con un desarrollo agropastoral y metalúrgico. En el periodo altomedieval se amplifican las deforestaciones coincidiendo con un marcado incremento de las actividades agropastorales. En la Plena Edad Media se evidencia un sistema diversificado que implica metalurgia, agricultura, pastoreo, minería y carboneo. El desarrollo agropastoral de la Baja Edad Media supone una marcada deforestación en el macizo que se extiende hasta mitad del s. XIX, momento en que se inicia el declive del agropastoralismo y empiezan las reforestaciones en el Mont Lozère. La historia de las formaciones herbosas con Nardus stricta de los espacios somitales sigue estas principales fases de antropización y revela el papel clave del agropastoralismo en la génesis y evolución de este paisaje cultural
Caux, Solène. "Du territoire d'approvisionnement au territoire culturel : pétroarchéologie et techno-économie du silex Grain de mil durant l’Aurignacien dans le Sud-ouest de la France". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0153/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaCharacterising lithic raw materials is an important means of studying palaeolithic territories, allowing modes of mobilityand the organisation of human groups to be deduced. The Aquitaine Basin is one of the best-documented archaeologicalregions of Europe. However, certain materials have long been recognised within archaeological collections without theirgeographic origin or even their uniqueness being clearly demonstrated. This is particularly the case with a specific type offlint, which prehistorians call “Grain de mil”. In order to address these shortcomings, this work was carried in two phases:- a cross-disciplinary study of this material, focusing on its petroarchaeological characterisation and its geographicand geological origins. This initial phase of analysis lead to the definition of Grain de mil flint as a material typical ofthe Charente-Maritime as its formation is tied to the Jonzac anticline. It also shows that criteria for itscharacterisation, which stem mainly from the sedimentological analysis, can be applied to the petro-technoeconomicstudy of an archaeological assemblage.- a techno-economic characterisation of the management of this material during the Early and Late Aurignacian,from northern Aquitaine sites. During the Early Aurignacian, groups move seasonally across the Aquitaine Basin;exploitation of Grain de mil flint seems to indicate little circulation in the north-west of the Basin. In contrast, duringthe Late Aurignacian, provisioning territories centre to the north of the Aquitaine Basin, but open to the west andalso to the north. Grain de mil then appears to be at the heart of large-scale networks of circulations. Finally, theunderlying forces driving these strategic changes in mobility patterns are discussed, evaluating the role of bothenvironmental and human factors
Houbre, Aurélie. "Styles céramiques et groupes régionaux dans le Néolithique ancien danubien occidental (bassins du Rhin, de la Meuse et de la Seine) : une approche systémique". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG011.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is dedicated to the analysis of the decorated pottery of the early Danubian Neolithic (Lbk) in the basins of the Rhine, the Meuse and the Seine (western Lbk). The application of a systemic approach to all the reconstructible decorations discovered in this area permitteded the elaboration of a decorative grammar for the western Lbk area. This grammatical analysis, which was applied to all the regional groups of this area, constitutes a totally new work.The center of our research focuses with the regionalisation process. In the middle Lbk phase, a northern block spreads over the Escaut to the Neckar, whereas in the south the “middle Lbk from Haute-Alsace” goes from the valley of the Marne to the Hegau via the southern part of the higher Rhine plain. Only the Basse-Alsace region occupies an isolated place within the western Lbk. In the second half of the Lbk (steps IV and V) this area is divided into three complexes: the Northwest Lbk, from the Escaut to the Main, the central Lbk, comprising the Palatinat and the Neckar regions and the southern Lbk, which includes the south of the higher Rhine plain (Basse- and Haute-Alsace) and the Paris basin