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Essomba, Joseph-Marie. "Le Fer dans le passé des sociétés du Sud-Cameroun : archéologie et histoire". Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010517.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe history of iron technology has contributed to the knowledge of technical, economic and sociocultural activities in many ancient societies in the world. Indeed, the study of iron in south-Cameroon is intended to increase our knowledge on the ancient history of this part of the country which an be considered as unknowm. This thesis shows that iron technology appeared in south-caleroon almost three thousand years ago, at the beginning of the first millenium bc. The appearance of iron production in this region can be considered as an indigenous feata of civilization initiated by proto-bantu populations, not as a consequence of borrowing. The main data from archaelogical research at Oliga, Obobogo, Nkometou, have brought a new light on the chronology of iron age in this region, from the end of the second millenium bc. This technology have been facilitated by the aboundance of raw materials such as ore and wood in fact, iron in south-Cameroon ancient societies has been and indigenous feata of local populations in their effort to adapt to the environment and to build and important civilization in agricultural production, and n many socio-cultural exchanges
Millot-Richard, Clara. "Les économies du sel et du fer au Premier et Second Âges du fer entre la Lorraine et le Bade-Wurtemberg : marchés et modèles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2022. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/820a2482-79cf-4a23-b0c4-d751d367eca0.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe subject of the present doctoral work is based on the observation made during the research we carried out for the Master’s degree, namely that archaeologists find it difficult to integrate economic approaches into their data. Indeed, they prefer to turn to social science, ethnography and geography than to economics which is not part of the resources they mobilise. Raw materials seemed to us to be a pertinent angle to start with because they make it possible to come to grips with the internal economic circuits of a chrono-cultural space. That is why we chose to study salt and iron in the geographical area encompassing Lorraine and Baden-Württemberg in the first and second Iron Ages (6th-1st centuries BC). Salt and iron are both crucial resources, each in their own way, with precise supply and demand mechanisms which lead to specific markets. We investigated what production and consumption data can reveal about protohistoric economies
Chouinard, Alain. "L'habitation Loyola en Guyane, archéologie de la forge et étude archéométallurgique des objets en fer". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ43802.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDurost, Sébastien. "Dendrochronologie et dendroclimatologie du 2e âge du fer et de l'époque romaine dans le nord et l'est de la France : datations, système de références et modélisations". Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA1039.
Pełny tekst źródłaMilcent, Pierre-Yves. "Recherches sur le premier âge du fer en France centrale". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010542.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur study is about the first iron age of auvergne and the oriental part of the Centre and Limousin regions. It is based on the thorough inventory of the documentation concerning the isolated finds, the settlements, the hoards and the cimeteries. The objective is to propose a new analysis on the first iron age in France with new data and without focusing more a cultural profile than another one (central France is at the junction of three big cultural areas). We have adopted a chronological plan. It include three parts. The first part is about the transition between the bronze and the iron age (800650/630 bc). This period starts with the changes that appears on 8th bc : full developement of iron metallurgy, transformation of settlement patterns and exchange networks, break in ritual deposit customs. The use of an aristocratic equipement of atlantic origin - espacially hallstatt sword - reveals the extent of strong changes in the elite society. During the middle step of the first iron age (650/630-510 bc), we are more documented on women compare with the previous period when men were preeminent. Rich feminin jewels, sometimes exotics, placed in founder burials, in ritual hoards, are the more visible features of this change. It seems to be the sign of an advantageous place for women in the aristocratic families structures. The increasing importance of the long distance exchange networks characterise the end of the first iron age (510-430 bc). South-west Germany and northern Italy have an influence on the elite evolution. Some of their members started to adopt funeral practices from those areas. The urban centre emergence of bourges is another spectacular consequence of those contacts. Yhe end of this phenomenon coincide with a cultural standardisation process all over Mid-Europe
Fabre, Jean-Marc. "Sidérurgie ancienne au Sahel : archéologie d'un district métallurgique de la fin de l'âge du Fer (Markoye, province de l'Oudalan, Burkina Faso)". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20085/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe surveys carried out in the extreme north of Burkina Faso have led to the identification of more than 150 metallurgical sites.Two production periods have been distinguished, based on the type of slag-pit furnaces. During the first one (7th–10th c.), the production was probably restricted to the local market. During the second period (11th–13th c.), it multiplied by 25.Most of workstations are situated in the Beli River’s valley, in the North zone, but there are very tight links with settlements of the South zone, where the iconographic themes of rock engravings help to characterize the local population. It was a hybrid society, basically Sudanian with Berber influence and a Muslim varnish. The geographic distribution of a specific type of slag-pit furnace allows to locate its territory between the Niger River’s valley and the ancient springs of the Beli River.Arab-Muslim texts allude regularly to a limit of the Islam World at bilād al-Sūdān. It is argued that his symbolic boundary was situated south from Kukia / Bentia. It overlaps with geologic, climatic and cultural limits. Beyond is the world of animism, the land of gold and iron.Situated precisely in between those two worlds, this society could have been both a strategic and commercial go-between
Boisson, Hugues. "La céramique non tournée du premier age du fer en Languedoc occidental : caractérisation d'un faciès culturel et impacts des premiers échanges méditerranéens". Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30003.
Pełny tekst źródłaSeveral cultural groups are linked to the many geographic territory on Mediterranean coast during Bronze and Iron Ages. In the western part of Languedoc, one of these human community has been distinguished through the vestiges of indigenous potteries made without potter's wheel. During the first Iron Age, the Mediterranean trade is beginning with the indigenous populations. Therefore, many social changes are perceivable through material culture. Indeed, most of these archaeological artefacts had to been studied. The purpose of this work is to complete the typological and chronological sequences of these potteries, as well as ascertaining the technological process of production. This analysis is linked to the problematic of social and technological acculturation process during Early Iron Age in the Western Mediterranean area
Scrinzi, Maxime. "Archéologie de la vallée du Vidourle : dynamique spatio-temporelle du peuplement de l'âge du Fer à l'an Mil". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30067/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrom its source to the Mediterranean Sea, the Vidourle valley, 95 km long, meets the various landscapes of the low-Languedoc géo-system. Through its journey, the river runs across the Cévennes (a small chain of mountains), the karstik hills, the garrigue and the camargue. This very rich natural environment is a perfect field for spatio-temporal analysis of settlements from the Iron Age to the High Middle Ages. Occupied since millenaries, this valley is of great archaeological wealth and allow us to question the behavior of man towards a river, through his travels and his way to develop the land, but also provides some answers on the roles of streams in this development. Based on many already advanced archaeological works (excavations, surveys, geomorphological analysis), this study was completed by new fieldworks in the upper valley of the river, expanding our knowledge of the settlement and helping us to provide a database of 832 archeological sites on which this analysis is based. Combining archeology, history and geography, along with the use of well known methods of studies (G.I.S, statistics, etc.), this research highlights the desire to offer a review of the issue of dynamics in valley of Vidourle. The broad chronological framework strengthens this desire and gives a more complete picture of the history of human occupation
Guichard, Vincent. "Arvernes et Ségusiaves au second âge du fer : contribution à l'étude des sociétés gauloises de France centrale". Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOL019.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is a compilation of studies that consider several aspects of the archaeological evidence available in the north of massif central (France) for the period of the late iron age (3rd-1st centuries B. -C. ) : "typo-chronology" of several categories of artefacts (namely pottery, coins, jewelry), spatial cultural divisions (through funeral practices and pottery), and evolution of the Gallic society subsequent to the appearance of the oppida (at the turn of the 2nd and 1st centuries) and to Romanization. We defend that the most important social change of the period (and the one the bene fit of which was amplified after the roman conquest) for this region is not the one induced by oppida but the slow organization of society started in the 3rd century: the setting up of stable commercial routes and large size open settlements, the stabilization of regional political entities (the Caesar's civitates) and of a political elite
Andrieux, Philippe. "Prolégomènes à une étude tracéologique sur les structures d'élaboration thermique et les parois argilo-sableuse : application à la paléométallurgie du fer". Besançon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BESA1021.
Pełny tekst źródłaMorin, Denis. "Les systèmes d'exploitation du minerai de fer sédimentaire en Franche-Comté (XVIé-XIXé siècles) : Archéologie, Typologie et Dynamique des systèmes". Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA1022.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoulibaly, Pon Jean-Baptiste. "Archéologie en pays tusian (Burkina Faso) : vestiges anciens et actuels de l'occupation humaine". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H005/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis proposes a synthesis of the archaeological data in Tusian space (Western Burkina Faso). Its purpose is to study material linked to the human presence in this area. Based on an approach that combines archeology, ethnography and anthropology this study is organized around the analysis and interpretation of archaeological remains. The sources used are: written documents, oral and archaeological sources. The issue revolves around two questions: the archaeological record of the tusian country and the contribution of the artifacts to the history of the people and the territory. The work is divided into ten chapters divided between three parts. The first situates the methodological framework and the study area. The second part is devoted to the study of archaeological sites and the third part presents archaeological objects. This thesis highlights new materials for the history of tusian space. It also contributes to the improvement of the archaeological and historical knowledge of this area. The study identified caves and shelters, anthropic mounds, sites for specific activities (metallurgy, Wickerwork, burial). The archaeological objects consists of potteries, polished stone axes and adzes analyzed from the morphological, typological and functional point of views. To these tools are added grinding wheels and other grinders still in use. The study of the rock art of the area is characterized by an attempt to locate sites of engravings, the identification of the different shapes and the techniques of engravings. Concerning the ancient metallurgy of iron, the study proposes an inventory of the main artifacts based on typology, chronology and spatial distribution
NUNINGER, Laure. "Peuplement et territoires protohistoriques du VIIIe au Ier s. av. J.-C. en Languedoc oriental (Gard-Hérault)". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002981.
Pełny tekst źródłaLeblanc, Jean-Claude. "Sur l'identification de la chaîne opératoire de forgeage du fer antique, associée à l'archéométrie des battitures". Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30061.
Pełny tekst źródłaGaslain, Céline. "Archéologie de l’ambre en Méditerranée et en Orient ancien, aux âges du Bronze et du Fer : contextes de découverte, productions et destinations". Rennes 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN20051.
Pełny tekst źródłaMany amber items have been released by the Archaeological Searches in the East and Mediterranean World. Far more than a source for Jewelry History, they contribute to enlarge our knowledges and considerations regarding technical know-how, artscraft and exchanges during the proto-historic times (from IIIrd millennium to Ist millenium B. C. ). This inquiry has enabled to gather many archaeological data. The first part of this thesis emphasizes on amber origin and the european and eastern deposits where it could come from. Then the thesis analyses the written datas with a historiography of amber researches. In the second part, the thesis sets out places like necropolis, sanctuaries, treasures, wreckages, where amber beads and ornaments, combined with golden, ivory, lapis lazuli or bronze, were found. In this part, we find datas belonging to the Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Aegean World, Greece, Magna Grecia, Etrury. This work is in the prism of many social and scientific sciences, since it combines archaeometrical and paleo-environnemental datas, this in order to put into more light the nature of exhumated amber. The last part analyses production, circulation and destination of amber statues and jewels. The typologic study reveals mediterranean and eastern productions
Pagès, Gaspard. "La métallurgie du fer en France méditerranéenne de l'Antiquité au début du Moyen Age : jalons d'une approche interdisciplinaire". Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30054.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD work in archaeology proposes a panorama on the iron metallurgy in Mediterranean France from Roman Antiquity to the beginning of the Middle Ages. It is based on an archaeological step assimilating an archaeometric approach especially adapted to the analysis of the ancient iron artefacts: metallography and petrography. Precise bibliographical inventories are drawn up to globally consider the problem and to make a state of the art of knowledge acquired in the past, moreover the present work is mainly anchored on the new and detailed studies of twelve significant metallurgical contexts with specific topics – said, pilot archaeological site. Those are documented by the completeness of archaeological data and, especially, by a rigorous description of installations, sorting of practically 28000 metallurgical materials – objects and slags – and archaeometric analysis of 169 of them. This thesis is structured around the three great activities which emerge from iron bloomery process: the production of the metal – the direct reduction of the ore –, the manufacture of the objects – their forging – and the trade of ferrous artefacts in a semi-finished form – the circulation of the semi-products. Thus, through the evolution of these three economic types of activity, it is possible to highlight the choices and the behaviors which were adopted for the same exercise to finally contribute to a better knowledge of the society to the Roman Antiquity at the beginning of the Middle Ages in the south of Gaul
Augier, Laurence. "Étude des productions céramiques de l'âge du fer dans le Berry, du Hallstatt C à la Tène B2/C1 : des hommes et des pots". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010584.
Pełny tekst źródłaL'Heritier, Maxime. "L'utilisation du fer dans l'architecture gothique : les cas de Troyes et de Rouen". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00295179.
Pełny tekst źródłaGateau, Fabienne. "La chaîne de la Nerthe et son piémont nord (Bouches-du-Rhône) : archéologie de l'espace rural du premier âge du fer au Moyen Age". Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX10031.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoullier, Claire. "Recherches méthodologiques sur la sculpture en terre cuite africaine : application à un corpus de sculptures archéologiques - en contexte et hors contexte - de la culture Nok (Nigéria)". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010591.
Pełny tekst źródłaBelard, Chloé. "Les femmes en Champagne pendant l’Age du fer et la notion de genre en archéologie funéraire : (derniers tiers du Vie – IIIe siècle av. J.-C.)". Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPHE4042.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study intends to develop a new method based on the notion of gender for the analysis of funerary sets. First, this notion leads to reconsider archaeological categories of « female » or « male » graves. Indeed, the use of these categories is not justified from the mortuary material data of Champagne area, owing to the fact that whole deceased people cannot be linked to these two appointments, the evidence being the significant amount of « undefined » deceased people. The notion of gender also allows to highlight diversified characteristics of the social identity of deceaseds realized into graves and sets of objects. Funeral representation of a deceased is realized according to his/her community recognition as gendered, aged and social classed individual. Therefore, the impact of these different factors on the mortuary practices must be looked for. The establishment of a new graphic tool, la représentation semi-logarithmique, allowed to enhance the significance of the mortuary hierarchical category of deceased people, which come in all sorts of several hierarchical levels in objets and jewels sets. In fact, all deceased people can be considered through the development of a method of analysis taking an interest in hierarchical mortuary organization; All women can be taked taken into account, wether they were buried without any object, with jewels sets or in a wagon wave
Bertholon, Régis. "La limite de la surface d'origine des objets métalliques archéologiques". Phd thesis, Paris 1, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00331190.
Pełny tekst źródłaPopiolek-Dupond, Rénata. "Les fibules arquées (geschweifte Fibeln) : contribution à l'étude typo-chronologique de La Tène finale en Europe centrale". Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30076.
Pełny tekst źródłaDieudonné-Glad, Nadine. "La métallurgie du fer chez les Bituriges à l'époque gallo-romaine". Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010526.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe investigation of aerial photographs, toponymy, the use of interviews and land surveys, led to the discovery of numerous slag heaps, remains of iron oxydes direct reduction, in the counties of Cher and Indre (France). A few particularly important zones have been showed off and studied. The excavation of a slag heap in Maillet (Indre) and the chemical analysis of metallurgical vestiges allowed to explicit the ore reduction technics used there in roman times
Valette, Romain. "La métallurgie du fer sur la façade atlantique de la France et de la péninsule Ibérique, du second âge du Fer à la fin du premier siècle de notre ère". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30045/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objectives of this work are twofold. First, to characterize the technical, economic and social organization of iron metallurgy within a vast geographical area. Secondly, to verify the existence of permanence or chronological and geographical breaks in this system. A broad chronology (450 BC - 100 p.c.) including the Roman conquest of the territories concerned, makes it possible to verify the influence of political changes in iron production. First, the study of production structures, as well as iron working tools and waste, provides elements for restoring the technical processes used by metallurgists. It was thus possible to demonstrate that some blacksmiths were specialized in the manufacture of a reduced panel of objects, while others had a much larger activity. In a second step, work on the organisation of production spaces made it possible to demonstrate the existence of several types of structural arrangements within the workshops. These elements, added to those on manufacturing techniques, lead to the determination of the existence of technical lines: people using similar structures to carry out similar productions. Finally, the reintegration of these data into their social context, in particular by associating each production with the status of the site on which it is carried out, shows strong regional and chronological variations in the organisation of the metallurgical process on the Atlantic coast. At the beginning of the second Iron Age, metallurgy was not very widespread. It produces little waste and is carried out in a rural context. The largest quantities of metal are processed in the elite domains. The end of Protohistory is marked by an increase in the quantity of iron produced and by the ever more marked specialisation of activities, demonstrating a strong separation of the various phases of work. In addition, the amount of smithing works increase in urban areas. Around the change of era, the quantity of iron produced increased further, as did the number of specialized workspaces. This reflects the continuing trends initiated in previous periods
Watteaux, Magali Sylvia. "La dynamique de la planimétrie parcellaire et des réseaux routiers en Vendée méridionale : études historiographiques et recherches archéogéographiques". Paris 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00421955.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbrahao, Amancio Rosa Carolina, i Amancio Rosa Carolina Abrahao. "Chemins de fer : voies de l’histoire et de la mémoire". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37731.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa précarité du patrimoine ferroviaire et le manque de compréhension de cette ressource culturelle de la société ont motivé l’enquête sur le contexte du chemin de fer au Paraná. Il est analysé de sa construction à son déclin, puis, de son abandon à sa conservation. L’évolution du chemin de fer paranaense nous apprend entre autres sur son importance politique, sociale, économique et culturelle pour la société. À la lumière de l'évolution des théories et des pratiques dans le domaine de la conservation et de l'analyse des processus de tombamento (classement), nous identifions comment le patrimoine ferroviaire de l’État est appréhendé, valorisé et préservé. L’accent quasi exclusif sur la valeur historique montre une tendance à la muséalisation et un décalage du contexte international de la conservation par l’organisme de préservation du Paraná, la Coordination du patrimoine culturel (CPC). Pour attirer l'attention sur l'ampleur de l’importance du patrimoine ferroviaire, nous avons élaboré pour ce patrimoine un tableau de valeurs qui s'étend au-delà de la valeur historique. Sur la base de ce tableau, l’analyse de l’importance du patrimoine ferroviaire tombado au Paraná est mise enévidence. Par conséquent, une vision plus large du patrimoine était nécessaire pour mieux le comprendre. Une méthode d'interprétation du paysage culturel ferroviaire du chemin de fer Paranaguá-Curitiba, le premier chemin de fer construit au Paraná, nous montre une vision globale du patrimoine ferroviaire en tant que ressource culturelle pour la conservation et en tant que potentiel pour le développement local. Avec l’adoption de cette perspective, certaines valeurs, incluses dans le tableau de valeur du patrimoine ferroviaire, mais qui étaient jusque-là ignorées dans l'analyse du patrimoine entreprise par l'État, apparaissent et renforcent son importance au Paraná. Avec la méthode d'analyse du paysage, nous avançons dans la compréhension et la valorisation du patrimoine ferroviaire, en analysant les éléments essentiels du paysage ferroviaire et certaines bonnes pratiques, ces dernières qui présentent la conservation du patrimoine ferroviaire et industriel surtout à l’international. Nous apprenons également des façons d’utiliser le paysage ferroviaire du chemin de fer Paranaguá-Curitiba comme vecteur du développement local.
The precarious condition of the railway heritage and the lack of understanding of this cultural resource motivated the investigation into the context around the Paraná railway. The railway heritage is analyzed from its construction to its decline, then, from its abandonment to its conservation. The evolution of the paranaense railway teaches us, among other things, about its political, social, economic and cultural importance for the society. In the light of developments in the field of conservation and analysis of the processes of tombamento (heritage designation), the way that the state's railway heritage is understood, valued and preservedare identified. The almost exclusive emphasis on historical value shows a tendency towards musealization and a lag from the international conservation context by the Paraná conservation organization, the Cultural Heritage Coordination. To draw attention to the importance of railroad heritage, a Railway Heritage Value Table that extends values beyond historicalvalue was developed. The analysis of the importance of the tombado railway heritage in Paraná is completed based on this table. In consequence of the extended values, a broader vision of heritage was needed to better understand the heritage. A method of interpreting the Paranaguá-Curitiba railroad cultural landscape, the first railway built in Paraná, shows us a global vision of railway heritage as a cultural resource for conservation and as a potential for the future local development. Certain values –that were included on the Railway Heritage Value Table –were ignored in the heritage analysis undertaken by the state. These values however are found in Paraná railway heritage and they reinforce its importance. The understanding and valorization of the railway landscape from the analysis of essential elements and good practices is advanced. The good practices present the preservation of the railway and industrial heritage especially the international ones. It is also learned ways to use the Paranaguá-Curitiba railway landscape as a vector for local development.
The precarious condition of the railway heritage and the lack of understanding of this cultural resource motivated the investigation into the context around the Paraná railway. The railway heritage is analyzed from its construction to its decline, then, from its abandonment to its conservation. The evolution of the paranaense railway teaches us, among other things, about its political, social, economic and cultural importance for the society. In the light of developments in the field of conservation and analysis of the processes of tombamento (heritage designation), the way that the state's railway heritage is understood, valued and preservedare identified. The almost exclusive emphasis on historical value shows a tendency towards musealization and a lag from the international conservation context by the Paraná conservation organization, the Cultural Heritage Coordination. To draw attention to the importance of railroad heritage, a Railway Heritage Value Table that extends values beyond historicalvalue was developed. The analysis of the importance of the tombado railway heritage in Paraná is completed based on this table. In consequence of the extended values, a broader vision of heritage was needed to better understand the heritage. A method of interpreting the Paranaguá-Curitiba railroad cultural landscape, the first railway built in Paraná, shows us a global vision of railway heritage as a cultural resource for conservation and as a potential for the future local development. Certain values –that were included on the Railway Heritage Value Table –were ignored in the heritage analysis undertaken by the state. These values however are found in Paraná railway heritage and they reinforce its importance. The understanding and valorization of the railway landscape from the analysis of essential elements and good practices is advanced. The good practices present the preservation of the railway and industrial heritage especially the international ones. It is also learned ways to use the Paranaguá-Curitiba railway landscape as a vector for local development.
A condição precária do patrimônio ferroviário e a incompreensão deste recurso cultural motiva a investigação do contexto das estradas de ferro do Paraná. A herança ferroviária do estado é analisada da construção das ferrovias ao seu declínio e do seu abandono à sua conservação. A evolução das ferrovias paranaenses nos ensina, entre outras coisas, sobre a sua importância política, social, econômica e cultural para a sociedade. À luz da evolução das teorias e práticas no campo da conservação e da análise dos processos de tombamento do patrimônio ferroviário paranaense identificamos como o estado entendeu, valorizou e conservou estepatrimônio. A ênfase quase que exclusiva no valor históricodo patrimônio ferroviáriomostra uma tendência à musealização e um atrasodo organismo do estado, a Coordenação do Patrimônio Cultural (CPC), com relação aocontexto internacional da conservação. Para chamar a atenção para a importância do patrimônio ferroviário foi desenvolvida a Tabela de Valor do Patrimônio Ferroviário que estende os valores deste patrimônio para além do valor histórico. A análise da importância do patrimônio ferroviário tombado no Paraná é concluída com base nesta tabela. Consequentemente, era necessária uma visão mais ampla deste patrimônio para melhor compreendê-lo. Um método de interpretação da paisagem cultural ferroviária aplicado aestrada de ferro Paranaguá-Curitiba, a primeira ferrovia construída no Paraná, nos apresenta uma visão mais ampla do patrimônio ferroviário como recurso cultural para a conservação, considerando o seu potencial para o desenvolvimento local. Com a adoção dessa perspectiva, alguns valores apresentados na Tabela de Valor do Patrimônio Ferroviário que estavam, até então, ignoradosna análise, quando destacados, reforçaram a importância deste patrimônio. Avançamos nacompreensão e na valorização da paisagem ferroviária a partir da análise de elementos essenciais e de boas práticas, estas últimas, apresentando exemplos de conservação do patrimônio ferroviário e industrial, principalmente em outros países. Aprendemos maneiras de utilisara paisagem da estrada de ferro Paranaguá-Curitiba como vetor para o desenvolvimento local.
A condição precária do patrimônio ferroviário e a incompreensão deste recurso cultural motiva a investigação do contexto das estradas de ferro do Paraná. A herança ferroviária do estado é analisada da construção das ferrovias ao seu declínio e do seu abandono à sua conservação. A evolução das ferrovias paranaenses nos ensina, entre outras coisas, sobre a sua importância política, social, econômica e cultural para a sociedade. À luz da evolução das teorias e práticas no campo da conservação e da análise dos processos de tombamento do patrimônio ferroviário paranaense identificamos como o estado entendeu, valorizou e conservou estepatrimônio. A ênfase quase que exclusiva no valor históricodo patrimônio ferroviáriomostra uma tendência à musealização e um atrasodo organismo do estado, a Coordenação do Patrimônio Cultural (CPC), com relação aocontexto internacional da conservação. Para chamar a atenção para a importância do patrimônio ferroviário foi desenvolvida a Tabela de Valor do Patrimônio Ferroviário que estende os valores deste patrimônio para além do valor histórico. A análise da importância do patrimônio ferroviário tombado no Paraná é concluída com base nesta tabela. Consequentemente, era necessária uma visão mais ampla deste patrimônio para melhor compreendê-lo. Um método de interpretação da paisagem cultural ferroviária aplicado aestrada de ferro Paranaguá-Curitiba, a primeira ferrovia construída no Paraná, nos apresenta uma visão mais ampla do patrimônio ferroviário como recurso cultural para a conservação, considerando o seu potencial para o desenvolvimento local. Com a adoção dessa perspectiva, alguns valores apresentados na Tabela de Valor do Patrimônio Ferroviário que estavam, até então, ignoradosna análise, quando destacados, reforçaram a importância deste patrimônio. Avançamos nacompreensão e na valorização da paisagem ferroviária a partir da análise de elementos essenciais e de boas práticas, estas últimas, apresentando exemplos de conservação do patrimônio ferroviário e industrial, principalmente em outros países. Aprendemos maneiras de utilisara paisagem da estrada de ferro Paranaguá-Curitiba como vetor para o desenvolvimento local.
Hashemi, Zahra. "La culture du Luristan à l'âge du Fer : étude de cas de site de Sangtarashan". Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H019.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation is focused on the archaeological site of Sangtarashan located on the western Iran, in Luristan. Discovered in 2002 and excavated during six campaigns from 2005 to 2011, the site had revealed, more than two thousand objects particularly several hundreds of "Bronzes of Luristan", in a circular architectural structure, in stone, overlapped by several other structures. Some of them were deposit as packages and others were isolated between stone blocks of walls or scattered over the entire surface of the site. The aim of this study was to propose a function and a dating for the site and then, to contextualize it in its geographical and historical environment. The architectural study and the analysis of spatial organization of objects led us to suggest that Sangtarashan was a ritual place where the act of deposition of metal objects was a custom by prayers, potentially travelers or nomads. The typo-chronological study of the objects allowed us to date the occupation of the site to the Iron Age with two consecutive phases: the Iron age 1-Il for the first phase and the Iron age Il-III (even IV?) for the second phase. lt seems that the form of dedication change from the first phase to the second one. In the first phase objects are dedicated as deposits in packages of arms and vessels. While in the second phase, they take the form of deposit of isolated objects of smaller size and of a more varied nature. The richness of the Sangtarashan's finds makes this site as a reference base for the next studies on the Bronzes of Luristan. It also allowed us to propose some dating for several types of objects till todays only attested among the objects provide from the illegal diggings
Bendezu-Sarmiento, Julio. "Archéologie de la mort, nécropoles, gestes funéraires et anthroplogie biologique des populations Andronovo et Saka de l'âge du bronze à l'âge du fer au Kazakhstan : IIe et Ier millénaire av. J.-C". Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010581.
Pełny tekst źródłaDa, Silva Domingos Sonia Ludmila. "Productions céramiques de la région de Luanda et Kibaxe (Angola) : contribution à l'étude de la préhistoire récente angolaise". Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20021.
Pełny tekst źródłaThrough the techno-typological study of ceramic series resulting from shell middens situated on the coast in the South of Luanda (Angola), and outdoor deposits in the Northern part of the country (Kibaxe-Dembos region), this work tried to restore the dynamics of evolution of cultural traditions in this part of southern Africa, from the first centuries AD up to our contemporary period. The corpus was constituted by series resulting from ancient excavations but also stemming from recent works, in particular those realized since 2005 on the deposit of Cabolombo to Benfica. The analysis notably concerned the variability of decorations (sets) and their layout, and it allowed identifying five ceramic styles, which seem to have a chronological meaning and thus provide a chronocultural frame which can serve as reference for future works. That chronological frame covers all the Iron Age and also concerns the first centuries of colonial period. In parallel to this work of archaeology two ethnological inquiries were conducted. The first one in the region of Luanda among shell fishermen who perpetuate an ancient practice to collect "Mabangas "; the other one in the Namibe desert, among Kwissis and Kwepes( khoisan type) populations, belonging to the old pre-Bantu collection. These two inquiries had a double vocation: collect on the ground possibly rare data that could provide information on lifestyles, threatened today by the evolution of the Angolan society, and at the same time, initiate an ethno-archaeological step, to enlighten certain situations met in the various archaeological contexts
Blondel, François. "Approvisionnement et usages du bois en Auvergne, du Second âge du Fer au Moyen Âge". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH021/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWaterlogged woods are rare discoveries in archeology because of the conditions inherent in their conservation. When they reach us, they give a lot of data on the importance of this material for past populations.Auvergne is a privileged context for their conservation. Thousands of woods from fortuitous discoveries or archaeological excavations are dated from the Neolithic to the modern era, however the corpus covers mostly the Second Iron Age until the Middle Ages.The diversity of the woods enables a better understanding of different uses according to their respective destination.The state of conservation of many elements gives information about the different stages of shaping, from the felling of the tree to its implementation.Each wood is detailed specifically by field and category to be compared with the remains of other regions. The technological and typological approach is treated as exhaustively as possible.Taxonomic diversity documents collection practices and their evolution in a forest area impacted by humans.The contribution of dendrochronology informs the evolutions of supplies, mainly for the construction, and releases certain features of the silvicultural practices in the exploited forest stands
Birba, Noaga. "La sidérurgie ancienne dans la province du Bam (Burkina Faso) : approches archéologique, archéométrique et ethno historique". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H212.
Pełny tekst źródłaBurkina Faso, like other African countries, experienced a primary iron metallurgy millennia ago. In the current researches, the earliest date is around the eighth century BC, in the Bwamu at Douroula, in western Burkina Faso. In almost all regions of the country, vestiges relating to the former iron production are visible and are now tangible witnesses of knowledge and the ability of ancient metallurgists. Bam province, our study area is located in the region of north-central Burkina Faso and covers an area of 3931 km2. Our archaeological surveys have enabled to identify more than a hundred sites and remains resulting directly from the steel production. Ethno historical, archaeological and archaeometric investigations of these remains have elucidated the origins of the steel industry in this part of Burkina Faso and permitted to characterize the technical traditions that were used by the ancient metallurgists. Thus, five technical traditions have been identified and described (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5). They have been developed at different times. Besides the technical aspects, socio-cultural and economic implications caused by the local iron industry were apprehended to better understand the place occupied by the iron artisans in the traditional society of Bam province
Čučković, Zoran. "La mémoire du paysage : structuration des espaces protohistoriques de l'interfluve Seine-Yonne (France) et de l’Istrie-Kvarner (Croatie)". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCC002.
Pełny tekst źródłaA space cannot be inhabited without inhabiting its history. Such history is endured as the contingency of historical processes, but it is also handed down as collective memory.This thesis provides an analysis of European Bronze and Iron Age landscapes and territories from the perspective of social memory (end 3rd –1st millennium BC). Four studies, covering two study areas are presented: the interfluve Seine-Yonne (Parisian Basin) and the peninsula of Istria with Kvarner Bay, on the shores of the Adriatic Sea (Croatia).The case studies are grouped under two main themes. The first theme examines memorial landmarks, necropoles in particular. How were these places used and maintained, what was their purpose? It follows that besides commemorating the past, burial places were used to maintain and model social time.The second theme turns to territory, namely its institutionalisation. During the later Prehistory, the appropriation of space must have been intimately related to economic and other everyday practices, but the hold over such space was often expressed through the maintenance of necropoles; as if the hold over present passed through the hold over the past. What was the character of such territories, through which practices were they maintained? Two studies grouped in this section rely on visibility analysis in order to evaluate the visual impact of memorial and landmark structures (burial mounds and hillforts). This approach provides clues on the “landscape discourse”, maintained through various, conspicuous interventions in the landscape
Picavet, Paul. "Les meules rotatives de la fin de l'Âge du Fer au haut Moyen Âge entre la Seine et le Rhin". Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H005.
Pełny tekst źródłaMillstones, as the centerpieces and the best preserved elements of mills, are characteristic of the questions relating to the history of techniques and economics.Of economics, because analysis of the rocks from which they are made reveal a complex chain including their research, extraction, shaping, distribution and use. The factors on which this chain depends don’t only concern querns and millstones but can be applied to all types of craft production that answer to primary needs of subsistence.Of techniques because the improving of milling processes is due to a transmission of technical savoir-faire, mixed with a constant research for the best solution to evolving food needs. This notion of technical progress is observed both over a long time scale (1000 years) and during brief political and cultural transitions (the Roman conquest of Gaul, and the Germanic migrations). This evolution is the basis of deep social and economic changes.Based on field surveys, artifact analysis (querns and millstones) and a literature survey, this thesis presents a regional synthesis on a modest but structuring element of ancient societies and their economies
Linlaud, Mathieu. "Les systèmes d'ouverture et de fermeture de l'ameublement et de l'architecture : archéologie, iconographie et restitution (France et ses abords, IXe - XIIIe siècles)". Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT5017.
Pełny tekst źródłaVarious opening and closing systems existed in medieval architecture and furniture : Locks, hinges, padlocks, strap hinges,. . . Historiography has neglected this subject for a long time, leaving it to metalwork collectors and locksmithing enthusiasts. This study has defined some new research tools, including the writing of a glossary revealing a french vocabulary of under-estimated richness. In order to trace the technical development of these objects, emphasis was placed on archaeological and iconographic sources. This redefining of the subject is done with the aid of graphic reconstruction showing how these mechanisms worked, as well as a new typological classification which puts the history of forms aside in order to focus on the technical aspects. These objects are a pretext to the understanding and examination of the medieval society that designed, manufactured, used, improved, replaced, discarded and depicted them. It also appears that some of these utilitarian objects had a strong symbolic function
Moret, Pierre. "Architecture, urbanisme et organisation du territoire dans l'Ibérie de l'âge du Fer et de l'époque républicaine (VIIe - Ier siècle avant J.-C.)". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00365271.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa première partie jette quelques éclairages sur la longue période qui va du VIIe au IVe siècle, en mettant l'accent sur les mutations de l'Ibérique Ancien (autour du VIe siècle), tant du point de vue des fortifications que de l'architecture domestique. La deuxième partie aborde la transition des IIIe et IIe siècles, d'abord sous le rapport des modèles architecturaux hellénistiques et de leurs voies de diffusion, avant et après la conquête romaine, avec l'examen d'un cas particulier (les tours pentagonales) ; puis à propos des enceintes urbaines des cités pérégrines du IIe siècle. Centrée sur le Bas Aragon entre le VIIe et le IIIe siècle, la troisième partie envisage une forme d'habitat particulière : les maisons-tours isolées, qui ouvre des perspectives sur les rapports entre aristocratie et architecture de prestige, et sur la hiérarchie des types d'établissement. La quatrième partie traite d'un autre dossier spécifique, celui des maisons fortes isolées qui se multiplient dans le sud de l'Hispanie à partir du milieu du Ier siècle av. J.-C. Cette forme originale d'habitat rural pose la question d'un mode de romanisation sui generis qui mêle des traits italiques, puniques, hellénistiques et ibériques.
Leroy, Marc. "La sidérurgie ancienne en Lorraine avant le Haut Fourneau : étude du développement historique et des conditions techniques de l'utilisation du minerai oolithique lorrain (La Minette) en metallurgie de réduction directe". Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA1020.
Pełny tekst źródłaBousquet, Margaux. "Musique à Suse et en Elam aux âges du Bronze et du Fer". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2001.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe music from earliest societies is a fascinating but poorly explored archaeological field of research. This ephemeral and intangible art par excellence leaves meager remains for archaeologists’ scrutiny. However, the remarkable discoveries of extant instruments dated from the third millennium onward, excavated in the 1920s at the Royal Cemetery of Ur, have ignited a significant interest for ancient Near-Eastern music researchers, further contributing to the emergence of an innovative perspective that came to be known as archaeomusicology.This study is devoted to the land of Elam in South-Western Iran, a region that has been neglected in Near-Eastern archaeomusicology. The main objective of this work is to propose a restitution of the Elamite instrumentarium and to identify both its evolution and its specificities while considering features with which it relates to the Near-Eastern context.Firstly, in order to set the chrono-cultural framework of this research, we have proposed a historiographic synthesis running concurrently with the current status of our knowledge about Elam. This rests on the exploration of data from early and more recent excavations, as well as from epigraphic sources. Then, the theoretical framework of the study will be defined through a presentation of the research history of ancient music, and more particularly in the Near-East, highlighting themes addressing to the musical phenomenon. This review and the assessment of the nature of the musical data available for the region – heterogeneous and disparate – permits a definition of our archaeomusicological approach. Thus, the collected corpus, mainly consisting of musical representations, led us to adopt a cross and comparative approach, combining the analysis of these iconographic sources, but also of the few remains of documented instruments, and textual sources from this region, between the Chalcolithic and the Iron Age (late 5th - mid 1st millennium BC). Most of the documentation originates from Susa, but other sites have provided musical data, which were included in our analysis (Chogha Mish, Haft Tappeh, Chogha Zanbil, Tall-i Malyan, Kul-e Farah, Arjān and Nineveh).An important part of our organological analysis lies in the classification, definition and identification of the types of instruments documented in the material culture of these sites. The detailed inventory and analysis of Susan-Elamite artifacts related to the musical sphere have therefore led to the production of a richly illustrated catalogue, which constitutes a strong basis for the study of the musical phenomenon in this cultural area. Finally, the synthesis resulting from the crossing of iconographic and historical data, and the comparison with Near-Eastern sources has lead to a restitution of the Susan-Elamite instrumentarium, highlighting its specificities and potential borrowings. These results have provided food for thought about the evolution of these instruments from a broader perspective, discussed at the end of this research. In addition to these results, and in order to contribute in a concrete way to a better understanding of the musical phenomenon in ancient Elam, we have also proposed the experimental reconstruction of a lute, the objective of which being not only the testing of hypotheses about the materials and techniques used, but also providing a reliable way to address the matter of instrumental sound dimensions in the past
Siafi, Soraya. "Organisation spatiale du peuplement dans les monts de la Tolfa et le littoral de Civitavecchia du Bronze moyen au début de l’âge du Fer (Latium, Italie)". Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/SIAFI_Soraya_2011_1.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe presentation developed in this work focuses on the organization of settlements in the Tolfa-Allumiere region at the Final bronze age and the beginning of the Iron age (Lazio, Italy). This follows a study on the occupation of La Castellina del Marangone, located about five kilometers south of Civitavecchia, and its immediate environment. The description and understanding of the land in this region and its local particularities are our main research axis. Many authors have already worked on this topic in Italy, but the originality of the present work is in the use of tools developed in geographic information systems (GIS) to describe the spatial organization of this central Italy region. Each site is located on a digital elevation model (DEM), providing a view 2D or 3D view of the landscape. From this digital elevation model a set of dynamic maps has been created detailing the conditions of landscape. The analysis of the topography, in particular, allows to evaluate the exposure in a given direction and work on notions of distance and costs of travel in order to define the possible existence of networks. The rivers have certainly played a key role in the establishment of major trade routes and communication channels between the coastline and the most rugged Tolfa area. Following this analysis and the creation of mapping funds, it has been possible to answer the question of motivations leading people to change their lifestyle and occupy the space throughout the Bronze Age. This work helps to define some tracks for future researches and tries to explain what has determined the installation of populations in the Tolfa-Allumiere region
Pagès, Gaspard. "La métallurgie du fer en France méditerranéenne de l'Antiquité au début du Moyen Âge : jalons d'une approche interdisciplinaire". Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00357391.
Pełny tekst źródłaDes inventaires bibliographiques précis sont dressés pour envisager le problème dans son ensemble et faire état des connaissances acquises par le passé, mais cette thèse s'ancre principalement sur les études inédites et détaillées de douze contextes métallurgiques dits témoins et significatifs de problématiques propres. Ces derniers sont documentés par l'ensemble des données archéologiques et, spécialement, sur la base d'une description rigoureuse des aménagements, du tri de près de vingt-huit mille pièces métallurgiques – objets et scories – et de l'analyse archéométrique de cent soixante-neuf d'entre elles.
Cette thèse est structurée autour des trois grandes activités qui se dégagent de la chaîne opératoire de la métallurgie du fer directe : la production du matériau fer – la réduction directe du minerai –, la fabrication des objets – leur forgeage – et le commerce du matériau fer sous une forme semi-finie – la circulation des demi-produits. Ainsi, à travers l'évolution de ces trois types d'activités économiques, il est possible de mettre en évidence les choix et les comportements qui ont été adoptés pour un même exercice des cadres antiques à l'orée de la réforme carolingienne pour, au final, contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de la société de l'époque romaine au début du Moyen Âge en Gaule du Sud.
Fassion, Franck. "Occupation humaine et interactions sociétés-milieu dans les massifs du Livradois-Forez ( massif central, France) de la fin du second Âge du fer au haut Moyen âge". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30459/30459.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of this thesis is to identify human occupation and exploitation of the environment of marginal territories in the Livradois-Forez, which include the cities of Arverne, Segusiave, and Vellave, and to investigate the regional integration of these localities from the second Iron Age to the Early Middle Age. This thesis is conducted from a dynamic, diachronic, and systemic perspective, and utilizes a landscape archaeology approach to explore the relations between societies, in particular their economies, and the environment. The research presented crosses archaeology and the environmental sciences in order to increase knowledge of the setting in which these societies evolved and the possible human influences on it, but it also identifies social-economic and cultural processes. The completion of this project required three stages: first, the integration of research and syntheses developed from research programs in which I collaborated; second, the synthesis of the archaeological data; third, the acquisition of new data through archaeological field surveys and through the analysis of plant macrofossils from peatlands. Four sectors that reflect key components of the landscape have been used. As far as possible, research in each sector included archaeological surveys and paleoenvironmental research. Interdisciplinary archaeological, paleoecological, and geoarchaeological studies, combined with GIS, exhibit a heterogenous development that can be seen in two economic cycles: the first, from the Second Iron Age to the High Roman Empire; the second, from the Late Roman Empire to the Early Middle Age. For each economic cycle, human land use and the exploitation of the environment reflect strategies and social-economic choices driven by topography, climate, and available resources (particularly agricultural resources, but also the presence of wood and ore). The proximity of routes of communication reflects important pools of population and the centers of the three cities. Each stage of environmental exploitation is marked by an increase of erosion, peat initiation, and changes in the use of the oldest peatland. Finally, this border area seems to be integrated into the regional economy.
Andrieux, Jean-Yves. "Pour une archéologie industrielle de la Bretagne : recherches sur les forges (du XVIIe au milieu du XXe siècle) dans le département des Côtes-du-Nord". Rennes 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986REN20011.
Pełny tekst źródłaConsidering industrial archaeology, its evolution in the last 30 years and its connection with both archaeology and history, the text proposes a methodology adapted to studying former industrial sites: using all existing scientific investigations, it consists in reaching vestiges as the monumental witnesses of several histories that a permanent comparison between excavation techniques and documentary sources help understand. This methodology is then applied to the corpus of traditional charcoal forges in the Côtes-du-Nord department, from the renewal of siderurgy at the beginning of the 17th century to the death of plants which developed and lived until mid 20th century. It relies on the preliminary and systematic list of all historical, technical, economical,. . . , criterions which characterize this kind of manufactures. A first approach via toponymy shows how rich metallurgical traces are throughout central Brittany. Topography is an ideal aid to finding back the structure of the old Poulancre forges. The Vaublanc factory is observed from the angle of history while smelting works at le Pas are analysed in long term by resorting to the site. Consistency of natural resources and their processing in all plants of the described area are examined again by comparison : typology of mining for iron, forest environment and hydraulic subsisting systems. Such are productive and vital spaces. Some aspects linked to history of techniques are tackled, especially blast furnaces and their functional buildings, manufacturing registers still stored in the salles forges, physical and chemical tests done on slag samples. Finally, surveying the different places of residence and forms of setting gives enlightenment on the way management and dynasties of qualified workers used to live. The conclusions sum up the question of Avaugour forges, explain the potential archaeological resources of sites and suggest the extensions a precise knowledge of siderurgy would introduce in the history of Brittany
Vannier, Émilie. "Pratiques funéraires au second âge du Fer dans la "province médio-atlantique"". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAG007/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis doctoral thesis presents the funerary practices of a large cross-Channel area, called “Medio-Atlantic province”. This work focuses on the second Iron Age or La Tène period (mid-5th century – last quarter of the 1st century BC) and the British Iron Age (late 5th century BC – mid-1st century AD). The analyses of the data on the treatments of the bodies, the funerary architecture and the grave-goods highlight six “Medio-Atlantic” funerary groups and expose their spatial and temporal evolution. This study allows to understand the main funerary features of Cross-Channel areas, as well as other funerary groups in theirs eastern margins
Cabanillas, de la Torre Gadea. "Arts et sociétés celtiques du second âge du Fer en Europe occidentale : la céramique à décor estampé". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010619.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this work is to analyse the decorative systems of the main stamped pottery production areas in western Europe in order to investigate the factors explaining its simultaneous adoption in several distant regions. The first part of the thesis consists of an analysis of Iron Age stamped decoration in the Armorican peninsula, the Middle Rhine and the south and north-western Iberian Peninsula. Regional inventories and typochronologies of the decorations are presented. The inclusion of context studies and the use of statistical analyses bring new insights to the body of work which has previously engaged with this subject. In the second part, the data are interpreted in order to put forward hypotheses on the distribution, evolution and social function of stamped decoration. The comparison of decorative elements and structures, pottery shapes and practical functions of stamped items in each region suggests three axes of coherence: Atlantic, Continental and Iberian. Stamped styles are interpreted as regional systems connected to multipolar networks reaching far beyond the study area. Their evolution is linked to social changes visible through other material evidence - settlement patterns, funerary customs, other art items – between the 5th and 2nd c. BC. Between codification and variability, stamped decorations owe their success to their inclusion in networks where each object references and stands for its users’ overlapping social identifications
El objetivo de la tesis es analizar los principales focos de creación de cerámica estampillada de Europa occidental en la Edad del Hierro. El trabajo se centra en el estudio de las cuatro zonas donde la densidad de hallazgos es más importante: el Suroeste y el Noroeste de la Península Ibérica, la península armoricana y el valle medio del Rin. El estudio incluye los recipientes cerámicos decorados mediante impresión por estampillas entre mediados del s. V y finales del s. II a. C. Este tipo de hallazgos aparecen prácticamente en toda Europa en este período, siendo los focos más importantes los estudiados en este trabajo, junto con Bohemia y Moravia y el valle medio del Danubio en la actual Baviera. La elección de las cuatro zonas de estudio, por tanto, responde a la importancia cuantitativa y la variedad cualitativa de los conjuntos de cerámica estampillada que de ellas proceden, que las convierten en representativas del fenómeno y su variabilidad geográfica y cronológica. Las cuestiones planteadas por estas observaciones sirven de hilo conductor del trabajo: - La discontinuidad geográfica de los focos de producción de cerámica estampillada sugiere la posibilidad tanto de desarrolos independientes convergentes como de contactos entre las diferentes zonas. Este problema justifica la dimensión a la vez regional y continental del análisis. - La utilización de esta técnica durante prácticamente toda la Segunda Edad del Hierro requiere una revisión de los datos que permita establecer cronologías precisas y sincronías entre las diferentes áreas. - La elección estética y técnica del estampillado como medio de expresión artística distingue a algunas regiones del Occidente europeo. ¿Qué factores técnicos, estéticos y sociales pudieron influir en esta preferencia? Esta pregunta implica plantear la cuestión de la multiplicidad del “arte celta”. El estampillado sobre cerámica se aborda, por lo tanto, como técnica artística. Su desarrollo en la Edad del Hierro europea se encuadra en el denominado “arte celta” en la medida en que todas las zonas pertenecen a dicha familia lingüística y cultural. Sin embargo, la inclusión del mundo de La Tène y de la Península Ibérica plantea preguntas sobre esta categoría. Adoptando una definición del arte como una categoría funcional, el estudio de la función social del estilo estampillado debe permitir aclarar esta y otras cuestiones
Bonnabel, Lola. "Approche Anthropologique de la société Aisne-Marne à partir de ses pratiques mortuaires dans le cadre de l'archéologie préventive : (Champagne-Ardenne, VIe-IIIe siècle avant notre ère)". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010722.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is based on a corpus of 600 deceased, buried in a grave or placed into grains silos, foun during preventive excavations in Champagne-Ardenne between 1997 and 2008. The archaeological culture mainly concerned in the Aisne-Marne that developed between these two rivers during the Late Iron Age. This thesis is divided into four parts. The first part puts the corpus back in its historical, archaeological and geographical context. This is an opportunity to highlight a smaller, concentrated geographical entity, interpreted as a territory within the geographical area where Aisne-Marne material cultural expands. The second part fosuses on the places where the deceases are buried : necropoles, small groups of tombs or grain storage areas. It shows time and regional variations. The third part is dedicated to identifying the treatment of corpses. The fourth part is an anthropological interpretation of the results from the previous parts. It tries to explain the quantitative variations of the buried depending on the period, to decipher ways of managing funerary spaces and to consider the treatment of dead bodies as a testimony of concepts of death. The crossing of biological data and the kinds of artefacts placed in the graves is an opportunity to consider social function and status. A proposal for defining the characteristics of genres is issued. Finally, a first hypothesis of a political ruling of the Aisne-Marne society by a government is formulated
Mantenant, Julien. "Montagnes métallifères de Gaule méditérranéenne : approche archéologique et historique de la production des métaux en Languedoc occidental du début du second âge du Fer à la fin de la période romaine (IVe s. av. n. è. - Ve s. de n. è.)". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20011.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis Ph-D thesis is focuses on the study of the production of metal (extraction and processing of ores). Its aim is to specify the evolution of the metal production (copper, lead, silver, iron) between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AC in Languedoc occidental (Aude, Hérault, south of Aveyron). We want to wonder more particularly on the situation of mining economy during the second Iron Age and the technical and economical impact of the Roman conquest on this activity from the end of the 2nd century BC. This thesis includes three parts. At first, an analysis of the bibliography (1960-2000) give a new perspective about the documentation and its problems. It shows the necessity to engage a new archaeological study in two of most importants mining region of Languedoc occidental : the south hillside of the Montagne Noire and the Corbières (Aude). Introduced in the second part of the Ph-D thesis, this study combine an extensive approach, based on a large scale survey, and an archaeological and archaeometrical analysis of some production sites. This study specify the chronology and the organisation of mining and metallurgical activities, the technical methods of miners and metallurgists and the metals produced. In a third part, the confrontation of the results with the economical and political evolution of the Languedoc occidental between the 4th century BC and 5th century AC allows to propose a global scenario of the history of the metal production in the considered area
Georges, Vincent. "Le Forez du 6ème au 1er millénaire av. J.-C.Territoires, identités et stratégies des sociétés humaines du Massif central dans le bassin amont de la Loire (France)". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369820.
Pełny tekst źródła- une analyse d'un espace géographique et d'un corpus archéologique,
- un essai de classification typo-chronologique des vestiges,
- une définition des matériaux lithiques avec leurs conditions d'accessibilité et d'exploitation dont les tectonites foréziennes (outillages, haches...),
- une approche chronostratigraphique de la plaine alluviale de la Loire en Forez,
- l'identification de constructions territoriales,
- une analyse de la gestion des semences et des récoltes aux âges des Métaux et,
- une étude technologique et anthropologique des habits protocolaires féminins métalliques et textiles entre 1500 et 1000 av. J.-C., à partir des bracelets métalliques à incisions.
Constantin, Thibaud. "Les parures du sud-ouest de la France et du nord-ouest de l'Espagne au Premier âge du Fer (VIIIe-Ve s. a.C.)". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30041/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis proposes to re-evaluate our knowledge on ornamental furniture dated to the Early Iron Age (800-400 BC) in an area between southwest France and northwest Spain. The wide geographical scope of this work, taking place between two countries with distinct research traditions, is determined by previous results that had been able to highlight several typological similarities between these two regions without precisely drawing their outlines. The objective is to fill this gap and to provide an analysis that is chronological, spatial, cultural and social of the ceremonial furniture. To do this, this thesis is based on a corpus of ornaments from ancient and recent excavations gathered in a relational database. The first stage of analysis is reserved for the implementation of typologies. The taphonomic relationships of these objects and comparisons with similar remains from regions outside our study allow us to update the chronologies known until then. During a second stage, the typo-chronological synthesis of the corpus discovered in the funeral context leads to the recognition of a general chronological phasing. This phasing, which divides the selected interval into three horizons, is marked on the one hand by its proximity to what is knows in south-eastern France, and on the other hand by a slight discrepancy between the phenomena observed on the sites established to the north and south of the Pyrenees. Based on this chronological framework, the spatial analysis of the corpus makes it possible to account for the territorial hold of local movable facies and their evolution over time. The identification of a "Pyrenean" facies and its expansion at the end of the Early Iron Age is one of the major contribution of this study. Finally, during a third and last stage, this thesis proposes an analysis on the wearers of ornamentals. The use of correspondence factor analysis (CFA) allows the recognition of various funeral costumes for which the ornamentals plays a predominant role in the representation of an organized and complex social system
Arribet-Deroin, Danielle. "Fondre le fer en gueuses au XVIe siècle : le haut fourneau de Glinet en pays de Bray (Normandie)". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010603.
Pełny tekst źródłaDunyach, Ingrid. "La place du Roussillon dans les échanges en Méditerranée aux âges du Fer : Étude d’une organisation territoriale, sociale et culturelle (VIe-IIIe siècle avant J.-C.)". Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0033.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Roussillon is a place located between mountains and sea, at the crossroad of the extreme south Gaule and North-East Iberia. A global approach of this territory and its population dynamics is realized in this work to understand the evolution and the spatial and qualitative repartition of archaeological remains through the centuries. The available Archaeological data has been studied again through to the latest field investigation data (obtained by prospection and excavation) to present a report of this knowledge. This data brings information about people occupation and the use of available resources in coastal and mountain areas. Thanks to the geographical information system, the data analysis shows the connections between natural resources, occupied spaces and economical exchange areas. These dynamics are confronted with the reception and the diffusion of imported ceramics coming from the Mediterranean trade. Commercial flows resulting from the new ceramic studies allow to understand, during this period, the population’s commercial and cultural diversities and how were their relationships with other populations. Exchanges and relationships between Greek, Iberian and local populations are developed through 6 case studies on coastal (Ruscino, Elne), port (Collioure) and hinterland cities (Teixonères, Escatiro). Finally, the study of a Greco-Roman cult place (la Fajouse) gives the opportunity to experiment an archaeology of cults in order to approach ritual behaviors as well as human and religious landscape of a mountain area located at the crossroad of Gaul and Iberia axes