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1

Ropp, Steve C. "Panama". Current History 90, nr 554 (1.03.1991): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1991.90.554.113.

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Pitti, Carreira. "Panama". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 9, nr 2 (1994): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180894x00115.

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de Rojas, D. B. "Panama". Trusts & Trustees 11, nr 5 (1.04.2005): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/11.5.73.

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V.C.P. "Panama". Americas 51, nr 2 (październik 1994): 244–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500022124.

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Owens, R. "Panama". Trusts & Trustees 13, nr 8 (25.06.2007): 476–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttm078.

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Lees, John D. "Panama odyssey". International Affairs 61, nr 2 (kwiecień 1985): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2617559.

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Ropp, Steve C., i William J. Jorden. "Panama Odyssey." Hispanic American Historical Review 65, nr 3 (sierpień 1985): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2514858.

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Yacher, Leon. "Photojournal: Panama". Focus on Geography 51, nr 1 (czerwiec 2008): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8535.2008.tb00217.x.

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9

Ropp, Steve C. "Panama Odyssey". Hispanic American Historical Review 65, nr 3 (1.08.1985): 583–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-65.3.583.

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Caradepiedra, Beto. "Panama Disease". Pleiades: Literature in Context 43, nr 2 (wrzesień 2023): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plc.2023.a912964.

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Wagner, Lisa, i Regina Roebuck. "Apologizing in Cuernavaca, Mexico and Panama City, Panama". Spanish in Context 7, nr 2 (31.12.2010): 254–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.7.2.05wag.

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This comparative study of naturally occurring apologies in Cuernavaca and Panamanian Spanish investigates the apology strategies community members employ most often, and the types of positive- and negative-politeness strategies they use to perform this speech act. The authors calculate the frequency with which speakers use positive- and negative-politeness strategies in their apology acts and investigate whether members of these two speech communities demonstrate a preference for positive or negative politeness when apologizing. Instead of using a language-specific parameter such as “Spanish Language” and assuming that all native speakers of this language have and will use a closed set of linguistic strategies in the same way when they apologize, the authors argue that speech acts, politeness and face are socio-culturally sensitive variables whose values and effects vary between communities of practice. To support this claim, they show how the communities of Cuernavaca, Mexico and Panama City, Panama differ from previous findings on apologizing within different communities of practice in the Spanish-speaking world.
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12

International Monetary Fund. "Panama: Statistical Annex". IMF Staff Country Reports 95, nr 90 (1995): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451830774.002.

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International Monetary Fund. "Panama: Statistical Annex". IMF Staff Country Reports 98, nr 10 (1998): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451830798.002.

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Ropp, Steve. "General Noriega’s Panama". Current History 85, nr 515 (1.12.1986): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1986.85.515.421.

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15

Major, John, Barbara Trent, Joanne Doroshow, Nico Panigutti i David Kasper. "The Panama Deception." Journal of American History 81, nr 3 (grudzień 1994): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2081639.

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International Monetary Fund. "Panama: Selected Issues". IMF Staff Country Reports 15, nr 238 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513550862.002.

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International Monetary Fund. "Panama: Selected Issues". IMF Staff Country Reports 16, nr 338 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781475550863.002.

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International Monetary Fund. "Panama: Selected Issues". IMF Staff Country Reports 17, nr 106 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781475597721.002.

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International Monetary Fund. "Panama: Selected Issues". IMF Staff Country Reports 13, nr 89 (2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484344477.002.

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W., G. "Panama Forges Ahead". Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 40, nr 1 (luty 1999): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001088049904000118.

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W., G. "Prospects for Panama". Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 41, nr 2 (kwiecień 2000): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001088040004100222.

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22

Pérez, Orlando J. "PANAMA TURNS 100!" Latin Americanist 47, nr 1-2 (28.06.2008): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-203x.2003.tb00003.x.

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Tribaldos, R. "The Panama Foundation". Trusts & Trustees 2, nr 5 (1.04.1996): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/2.5.20.

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Major, John. "F.D.R. and Panama". Historical Journal 28, nr 2 (czerwiec 1985): 357–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00003150.

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Historians of United States policy towards Latin America in the first half of the twentieth century have paid remarkably little attention to Washington's dealings with the republic of Panama. The failure to explore this terra incognita is all the more surprising in the light of the fact that those dealings hinged round one of America's vital interests, the Panama Canal, which runs through the heart of the country and has given Panama an importance unique in U.S. diplomacy. Yet much of the detailed history of the relationship remains unknown.
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25

Montero Llácer, Francisco J. "Panama Canal Management". Marine Policy 29, nr 1 (styczeń 2005): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2004.02.001.

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Llacer, Francisco J. Montero. "The Panama Canal:". Marine Policy 29, nr 3 (maj 2005): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2004.05.002.

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Russell QC, David, i Toby Graham. "The Panama Papers". Trusts & Trustees 22, nr 5 (16.05.2016): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttw089.

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Call, Wendy. "Plan Puebla-Panama". NACLA Report on the Americas 35, nr 5 (marzec 2002): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10714839.2002.11722532.

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29

Ashton, Mark S., i Jennifer L. O'hara. "Panama Canal Watershed". Journal of Sustainable Forestry 8, nr 3-4 (wrzesień 1999): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j091v08n03_14.

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30

Barrios, Luis S. Mon. "Surgery in Panama". Archives of Surgery 138, nr 1 (1.01.2003): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.138.1.105.

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31

P�rez, Orlando J. "Panama Turns 100!" Latin Americanist 47, nr 1-2 (wrzesień 2003): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tla.2003.0001.

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32

Pratama, Fikri Surya Pratama. "MINORITAS MUSLIM PANAMA: MENUJU HARMONI KEBERAGAMAN PASCA PROYEK KANAL PANAMA". Khazanah 12, nr 1 (28.04.2022): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/khazanah.v12i1.501.

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Despite being a minority, Panamanian Muslims have the longest historical history of any Central American region. Based on this, this article aims to explain the process of the entry of Islam into Panama, and explain how the development of da'wah civilization and the Muslim community in Panama, especially after the construction of the Panama Canal mega project. This type of research is qualitative research using historical research methods, with the following steps: 1) Heuristics or source collection through library research; 2) Source Criticism, namely comparison activities and selecting the validity of sources; 3) This interpretation or analysis stage has occurred either at the beginning of the research or during the post-research analysis process; 4) historiography or the last stage of this research in the form of historical scientific writings. The results of the study show that Islam entered Panam through Mandika slaves brought during the Spanish colonization there, but the development of Islamic da'wah only began to be intense during and after the construction of the canal, this da'wah was intensively carried out by Arab and South Asian immigrants, and reached its peak in 1850-1860's. Panama's constitution provides for religious freedom. Catholicism, Islam, Judaism, and several traditional Panamanian religions coexist in harmony. So far, Panama has given a positive picture of the Central America region which is very conducive and open to religious differences, especially in Islam. Keywords: Central America, Minority, Muslim, Panama.
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33

Bermúdez C., Sergio E., Angélica Castro, Helen Esser, Yorick Liefting, Gleydis García i Roberto J. Miranda. "Ticks (Ixodida) on humans from central Panama, Panama (2010–2011)". Experimental and Applied Acarology 58, nr 1 (28.04.2012): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-012-9564-7.

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34

Migdał, Anna, Małgorzata Żuk, Dorota Jagiełłowicz-Kowalska, Zuzanna Powichrowska i Grażyna Brzezińska-Rajszys. "Which Functional Classification Scale is Optimal for Children with Pulmonary Hypertension (PAH)?" Pediatric Cardiology 41, nr 8 (9.08.2020): 1725–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00246-020-02434-8.

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AbstractFunctional status assessed by the WHO-FC scale derived from adults is a known prognostic factor for pulmonary hypertension. Data on the usefulness of the Panama-FC scale in assessing children with pulmonary hypertension are limited. The study was performed to compare functional status results (WHO-FC and Panama-FC) and to assess the usefulness of these scales in various clinical situations. The reliability of the Panama-FC questionnaire method for facilitating patient evaluation was also examined. 26 functional status assessments (7 in disease progression/after treatment intensification) in both scales were analyzed in 19 patients with PAH confirmed in RHC. WHO-FC, Panama-FC scales, and questionnaire-based on Panama-FC were conducted independently by three different physicians. Results of assessments were compared with each other and with 6MWD, NTproBNP level, and echo parameters (TAPSE, RV/LV ratio). The Panama-FC scale results obtained using the medical interview method and questionnaire did not differ. Both WHO-FC and Panama-FC classes well-reflected disease advancement confirmed by non-invasive parameters (NTproBNP, 6MWD, TAPSE, RV/LV ratio). Differences between grading the class in both scales were observed: 5pts were classified to II (Panama-FC) vs I (WHO-FC), 2pts were in lower risk group in WHO-FC (II) vs Panama (IIIa). Worsening or improvement after treatment intensification in functional status in both scales was connected with the significant change of NTproBNP level. The 6-min walking distance did not change. TAPSE, RV/LV ratio changed significantly in 3pts with IPAH, accordingly to change in WHO-FC and Panama-FC. WHO-FC and Panama-FC well reflect the disease advancement. The questionnaire method simplified the use of the Panama-FC scale. The Panama-FC scale appears to be better for assessing functional status during long-term follow-up, while the WHO-FC scale was more useful in short-term treatment monitoring.
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35

Prasetya, Muhammad Aji, i Yayuk Anggraini. "Keputusan Panama Meratifikasi Konvensi Ballast Water Management". Interdependence Journal of International Studies 5, nr 1 (14.05.2024): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54144/ijis.v5i1.70.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa dan menjelaskan mengenai faktor apa saja yang melatar belakangi Panama untuk meratifikasi konvensi Ballast Water Management pada tahun 2016. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah deskriptif eksplanatif dengan jenis data berupa data sekunder. Teknik analisis yang akan digunakan adalah teknik kualitatif. Teori yang digunakan selanjutnya menggunakan teori Kepentingan Nasional dan Kebijakan Luar Negeri oleh KJ Holsti. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa diratifikasinya konvensi Ballast Water Management oleh Panama pada tahun 2016 didasari pada kepentingan nasional dan juga dari kebijakan luar negerinya yang melalui faktor internal dan eksternalnya. Yang menjadi Kepentingan Nasional Panama pertama adalah mempertahankan lingkungan perairan Panama, Yang kedua adalah untuk menstabilkan ekonomi Panama dan menambah lapangan pekerjaan, ketiga adalah meningkatkan citra positif di dunia internasional, keempat untuk memperluas pengaruh Panama sebagai negara Flag State, Coastal State dan Port State, dan yang kelima adalah untuk mencapai visi-misi SDG’s Panama. Dan faktor yang mendorong kebijakan luar negerinya yaitu secara internal seperti kondisi geografis nya , adanya dorongan ekonomi, hingga atribut nasional Panama sedangkan secara eksternal seperti posisi Panama dalam IMO, Permasalahan air ballast yang menjadi masalah regional dan global hingga opini dari masyarakat internasional
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36

ANDERSON, ROBERT S. "The Dryophthoridae of Costa Rica and Panama: Checklist with keys, new synonymy and descriptions of new species of Cactophagus, Mesocordylus, Metamasius and Rhodobaenus (Coleoptera; Curculionoidea)". Zootaxa 80, nr 1 (17.10.2002): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.80.1.1.

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The Dryophthoridae of Costa Rica and Panama are reviewed. A checklist is presented of the 127 species in Costa Rica and 103 species in Panama. Keys are presented to genera and species. Twenty-four new species are described as follows: Mesocordylus redelmeieri Anderson (type locality; Guanacaste, Costa Rica), Cactophagus dragoni Anderson (type locality; Chiriqui, Panama), C. gasbarrinorum Anderson (type locality; Chiriqui, Panama), C. lineatus Anderson (type locality; San Jose, Costa Rica), C. lingorum Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), C. morrisi Anderson (type locality; Chiriqui, Panama), C. riesenorum Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), C. silron Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), C. sunatoriorum Anderson (type locality; Chiriqui, Panama), Metamasius atwoodi Anderson (type locality; Cocos Island, Costa Rica), M. bellorum Anderson (type locality; Chiriqui, Panama), M. burcheri Anderson (type locality; Cartago, Costa Rica), M. gallettae Anderson (type locality; Darien, Panama), M. hooveri Anderson (type locality; Limón, Costa Rica), M. leopardinus Anderson (type locality; Guanacaste, Costa Rica), M. murdiei Anderson (type locality; Cartago, Costa Rica), M. richdeboeri Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), M. shchepaneki Anderson (type locality; Panama, Panama), M. vaurieae Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), M. wolfensohni Anderson (type locality; Guanacaste, Costa Rica), Rhodobaenus howelli Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), R. labrecheae Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), R. patriciae Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), and R. tenorio Anderson (type locality; Limón, Costa Rica). New country records are as follows: Toxorhinus grallarius (Lacordaire) (Costa Rica), Alloscolytoproctus peruanus Hustache (Panama), Cactophagus aurofasciatus (Breme) (Panama) and Metamasius scutiger Champion (Costa Rica). The genera Toxorhinus Lacordaire and Cosmopolites Chevrolat are transferred from Sphenophorini to Litosomini. Notes about the natural history and plant associations for all new species are given where available.
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Baldini, Riccardo Maria, i Orlando Oriel Ortiz. "Cryptochloa stapfii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae), a new neotropical herbaceous bamboo from Panama". Phytotaxa 203, nr 3 (25.03.2015): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.203.3.6.

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Cryptochloa stapfii, a new herbaceous bamboo species from Panama is described. This new bambusoid grass inhabits semi-shaded lowland forests in Bocas del Toro (Panama) and is related to C. dressleri Soderstr., an endemic species from Panama. This new taxon increases the number of species in Cryptochloa to eight, most of them present in Panama.
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FLYNN, DAWN J. "Checklist of treehoppers of Panama (Hemiptera: Membracidae) with a list of checklists and keys to the Nearctic and Neotropical fauna". Zootaxa 3405, nr 1 (1.08.2012): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3405.1.2.

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A checklist of treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae) of Panama is provided with known province distribution data. The worldcatalogue of Membracoidea, through 1996, lists 68 genera, 162 species, and 1 subspecies from Panama (McKamey, 1998).New research in Panama has documented range extensions for 29 genera, 107 species, and 1 subspecies previously unknownfrom Panama. With these adjustments and additions, the total treehopper fauna from Panama includes 97 genera, 269 species, and 2 subspecies. Tables listing published checklists and keys for Nearctic and Neotropical treehoppers are presented.
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Ho, Javier, i Paul Bernal. "UNDERSTANDING THE THERMAL COAL MOVEMENTS FROM COLOMBIA TO CHILE THROUGH THE PANAMA CANAL USING LOGIT MODELS- LOOKING AHEAD". Journal of Maritime Logistics 2, nr 1 (31.08.2022): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jml.2022.08.001.

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This study attempted to specify logit models for bulkers transporting mostly thermal coal from the East Coast of Colombia to Chile through the Panama Canal compared to the alternative route. The preliminary proposed predictors for the logit models included voyage cost variables and Canal's attributes. For the route choice of coal from the East Coast of Colombia to Chile, voyage cost factors such as Panama Canal cost, distance difference between Panama versus alternative route, post arrival of vessel to the next port and the maximum transit draft were important factors in this choice, as well as Panama Canal attributes such as vessel arrivals at the Panama Canal and the Panamax Plus requirement to transit the neopanamax locks. The route choice involved the Panama Canal and Cape Horn/Magellan Strait in the Southern tip of South America. This study analyzed coal traffic between October 1, 2016, and September 30, 2020, and briefly discussed the future of coal movements through Panama, given Chile's long term plans to generate electricity using renewanable energy sources and hydrogen. This paper is a contribution to the discrete choice literature and attempted to provide insights into route choice factors involving the Panama Canal, proposing new preliminary explanatory variables to better understand route choices that may apply in future Panama Canal studies. The study will be a contribution to the universal maritime coal transportation literature, and it is a continuation on research related to the Panama canal, particularly on route choices using AIS information.
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40

Elgert, Laureen, i Aaron R. Sakulich. "Establishing Undergraduate Project Centers in Cuenca, Ecuador, and Panama City, Panama". Council on Undergraduate Research Quarterly 37, nr 3 (1.03.2017): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18833/curq/37/3/2.

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Uribe, Alvaro. "Integration of the former Panama Canal Zone into Metro Panama City". Ekistics and The New Habitat 69, nr 415-417 (1.12.2002): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200269415-417337.

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The author, an architect-planner, Urbio, S.A., Panama, graduate of the School of Architecture, University of Panama, the Institut d'Urbanisme, University of Paris, and Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, has held key positions in a variety of public and private planning agencies as a consultant and specialist in Geographic Information Systems (G.I.S.) for major development projects in Panama such as Land Use and Traffic Study of the Port of Balboa; Development Plan for Sherman-San Lorenzo; La Cuenca Hidrográfica del Canal de Panamá: Posibilidades de un Desarrollo Sustentable (The Hydrographical Basin of the Panama Canal: Possibilities for Sustainable Development); Metodologías de Avalúo de los Terrenos Revertidos del Area del Canal (Methodologies for the Valuation of Reverted Land of the Area of the Canal); and Estudio Urbanístico y Demográfico del Area Metropolitana de Panamá (Urban and Demographic Study of the Metropolitan Regionof Panama). Alvaro Uribe has also published La Ciudad Fragmentada (The Fragmented City), an essay on urban development in Panama City (Panama City, CELA, Ediciones Formato Dieciséis, 1989), and a considerable number of papers and a study report on the subject of this paper and other related projects. He is a member of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE). The text that follows is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001. It was kindly translated from the Spanish by Professor Lawrence D. Mann, also a member of the WSE and a participant at the Symposion.
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Smartt, Dorothea. "Panama Canal — Death by Harassment; Found Poems — On the Panama Canal". Wasafiri 31, nr 4 (październik 2016): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690055.2016.1216301.

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Moreno, A. J., i Amanda J. Rowan. "A comparative study of Norinyl versus Brevicon in Panama City, Panama". Contraception 36, nr 6 (grudzień 1987): 615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-7824(87)90034-5.

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Aguilar-Samaniego, Kayra, Luis F. De León i Celestino Aguilar. "New record of the Gray-capped Cuckoo, Coccyzus lansbergi (Bonaparte, 1850) (Cuculiformes, Cuculidae), on the southwest coast of Panama". Check List 16, nr 4 (17.07.2020): 883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/16.4.883.

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This note presents the first record of Coccyzus lansbergi (Bonaparte, 1850) for the southwest coast of Panama. This new record was made on July 11, 2018, in the rural community of Juan Hombrón, Coclé province, Panama. The species has been previously observed in eastern Panama, but this is the first record for the southwestern region of the country. Our record is at least 142 km southwest of its nearest reports in eastern Panama. Overall, this record indicates that the species is likely a vagrant from its known range, given that no other records have been documented south of Coclé, in Panama. In addition, the increasing number of records from eastern Panama over the last 30 years suggests a recent expansion in the northern range of the species.
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ARCE-PÉREZ, ROBERTO, i MIGUEL ÁNGEL MORÓN. "Review of the species of Macrodactylus Dejean (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from Costa Rica and Panama". Zootaxa 4462, nr 3 (28.08.2018): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4462.3.5.

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Fifteen species of Macrodactylus Dejean (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Macrodactylini) from Costa Rica and Panama are described and illustrated, including eight new species: M. latreillei new species., M. pseudothoracicus new species. and M. dejeani new species from Costa Rica; M. solisi new species from Costa Rica and Panama; M. martinezi new species from Costa Rica and Venezuela; M. chiriquiensis new species and M. kunayalaensis new species from Panama; and M. moroni new species from Costa Rica, and Panama. Diagnosis for seven species previously recorded in Costa Rica and Panama are included, and a key to all known species of Macrodactylus in these countries is provided.
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46

Shen, Jiang, i Yun Tao Wang. "Pre-Arrange Trim Method on Panamax Vessel when Transit through the Panama Canal". Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (maj 2011): 4115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.4115.

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The Panama Canal Authority has special requirements on “Size and Draught Limitation of vessels” when a vessel transit through the Panama Canal. This paper based on requirements from the Panama Canal Authority and characteristics of the Panamax vessel, represents a pre-arranged trim method on making optimum cargo plan so as to fully utilize the Panamax vessel’s carrying capacity and ensure smooth transit through the Panama Canal, it has been proved efficient and reliable.
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47

Suarez, José Antonio, Dianik Moreno, Juan Miguel Pascale, Lorena Romero, Nestor Sosa, Fergie Ruiz, Rodrigo DeAntonio, Alberto Cumbrera, Carlos Franco-Paredes i José Anel González. "Detection of Mansonella ozzardi in peripheral blood in two malaria-endemic areas in Panama". Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease 9 (styczeń 2022): 204993612211225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20499361221122582.

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Introduction: Studies conducted in 1984 demonstrated the presence of Mansonella ozzardi in the Darien and Colon provinces. Since then, there have not been further reports of this parasitic infection in Panama. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional assessment of peripheral blood samples of individuals across Panama over a 4-year period (2013–2016) as part of malaria surveillance activities. Results: We identified microfilaria in 96 cases. Most of these cases were found in East Panama (78%) followed by the Darien region (22%). Mansonella ozzardi was the filarial parasite identified by morphological features in all cases. Conclusion: After 36 years of epidemiological silence, we identified human cases of Mansonella ozzardi infection in Panama. This is, however, the first report of this filarial parasite’s presence in the Eastern region of Panama. There is a need for further surveillance efforts to elucidate the epidemiology associated with Mansonella infections in Panama.
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48

PRENA, JENS. "The Middle American species of Peridinetus Schönherr (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae)". Zootaxa 2507, nr 1 (16.06.2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2507.1.1.

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The weevil genus Peridinetus Schönherr is reviewed for mainland Middle America. Conophoria Casey is included in Peridinetus as a new junior synonym. Twenty-six species are recognized. Peridinetus ecuadoricus Casey stat. res., P. frontalis Chevrolat and P. pictus Kirsch are newly recorded for the study area. Newly described are P. illabes sp. n. (Panama), P. imperialis sp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador), P. lugubris sp. n. (Costa Rica, Ecuador), P. notabilis sp. n. (Costa Rica), P. odone sp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama), P. pena sp. n. (Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama), P. rubens sp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama) and P. wyandoti sp. n. (Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador). The overlooked precedence of P. jelskii Chevrolat over P. maculiventris Chevrolat is reestablished. Conophoria cana dispersa Casey is a new junior synonym of P. canus Champion. Habitus images for most species and an identification key are provided.
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49

BLAHNIK, ROGER J., i RALPH W. HOLZENTHAL. "Revision of the Mexican and Central American species of Mortoniella (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae: Protoptilinae)". Zootaxa 1711, nr 1 (22.02.2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1711.1.1.

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The genus Mexitrichia Mosely, 1937 (27 described species) is synonymized with Mortoniella Ulmer, 1906 (22 described species) and a revised generic description is provided for the genus. These species are placed in 4 recognized species groups. Mexican and Central American species of Mortoniella are revised to include 6 species formerly placed in Mexitrichia and 22 new species from Costa Rica, Panama, and Mexico. New species combinations for these regional species include: Mortoniella florica (Flint, 1974), M. leroda (Mosely, 1937), M. meralda (Mosely, 1954), M. pacuara (Flint, 1974), M. rancura (Mosely, 1954), and M. rovira (Flint, 1974). New species of Mortoniella described here (followed by the country of provenance) include M. akantha (Costa Rica) M. anakantha (Costa Rica) M. aviceps (Costa Rica, Panama) M. brachyrhachos (Mexico), M. buenoi (Mexico), M. carinula (Costa Rica), M. caudicula (Costa Rica), M. falcicula (Mexico), M. mexicana (Mexico) M. munozi (Costa Rica, Panama), M. opinionis (Costa Rica), M. panamensis (Panama), M. papillata (Costa Rica), M. pectinella (Panama), M. propinqua (Costa Rica), M. redunca (Costa Rica), M. rodmani (Costa Rica), M. sicula (Costa Rica), M. stilula (Costa Rica), M. tapanti (Costa Rica, Panama), M. taurina (Costa Rica, Panama), and M. umbonata (Panama). Males of all known Mexican and Central American species are illustrated or reillustrated and a key is provided for males of the species.
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Kwiatkowska, Katarzyna. "Manuel Noriega and his impact on the events in Panama from 1981 to 1989". Ameryka Łacińska Kwartalnik analityczno-informacyjny, nr 116 (30.06.2022): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/20811152.2022.116.03.

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Manuel Noriega shaped the fate of the Panamanians for eight years. After the death of Omar Torrijos, Noriega became the de facto ruler of Panama. He was not the elected leader, notwith-standing his policy affected every citizen. His illicit activities led to social and political unrest in Panama and were the causes for the American intervention in the country in December 1989. The aim of the article is analyse if it was really necessary for the Americans to apply military action in Panama and why, for many years, the USA accepted the activities of Noriega. It is essential to know whether Panama itself could deal with the internal problems and why the people were dissatisfied with the rule of Manuel Noriega. The 1980s in Panama can be treated as a lost decade. The economic measures employed by the United States managed to deteriorate the industry of Panama. The outcome of the invasion is also significant – the loss of lives, homelessness and lootings. The article presents, step by step, what led to the American interven-tion in Panama and how Manuel Noriega deceived both the Panamanians and the American authorities to remain in power
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