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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Arab Author"
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Ahmedov, Vladimir M. "The Role of Nationalism in Arab-Iranian Relations: Historical and Ideological Dimensions". Oriental Courier, nr 4 (2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310023831-2.
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For the last decades Iran has been playing significant role in Middle Eastern politics. Tehran’s rooted involvement in Arab’s political environments provokes tensions and hostilities in Arab-Iranian relations. The author believes that historical legacy of Arab-Iranian interactions has been still determined some important characteristics of Arab-Iranian relations. In this article the author investigates the role of nationalism and national building process in Arab countries and Iran. He shows that the rise of national movement and emergence of new nation-states based on different ideological principals and theoretical models politicized historical Arab-Iranian ethnic and sectarian differences and cultural rivalries. The author studies how developments of various forms of nationalism in Arab countries and Iran, their approaches to national state building affected their relations. The author considers that both Arabs and Iran have been challenged the internal political dynamics and regional transformations were forced to instrumentalized nationalism as a protective tool to secure and legitimize their state suzerainty, establish their presence and provide their interests in the region. In practice, regards their historical territorial, ethnic, religious disputes, both Arabs and Iran frequently exaggerated Iranian threats to Arabism and overestimated Arab nationalism, pan-Arabism as Arab’s ambitions for regional leadership. These fears converted into real politic have spoiled Arab Iranian relations. The author stresses that emphasizing on Islamic feelings at the expense of particular nationalism in Iran after Islamic revolution in 1979 and giving up secular ideas in favor of Islamism in Arab countries after the “Arab Spring” brought neither reconciliation, nor normalization in the Arab-Iranian relations. The author pays special attention to the dynamic of Iranian nationalism in view of the developments in power mechanism of Tehran’s politics in the Middle East.
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Toubasi, Salem, Ahmad Alzubaidi i Mushir Abahra. "The Problems of Arab Solidarity and the Impact of Arab Spring on It: Study on the Model of the GCC Security". Journal of Politics and Law 13, nr 3 (20.08.2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n3p160.
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The author presents a brief study of the Arab solidarity. Furthermore, From the point of view of the author the Arab cooperation is one of the most controversial topics in the Arab world, whereas this idea extends to the first history of the Arab countries, we can also mention the creation of the Gulf Cooperation Council, and then the Maghreb Union of Arab Countries. In this article, the topic of Arab solidarity will be presented, through the views of many thinkers, and based on many analytical researches of Arab public opinion, the view of Arab solidarity and analysis of many ideas put forward for this project. There are new positive ideas possibly can be implemented to achieve the Arab solidarity, which is still a very important project for a wide sector of Arabs, this analytical study will present the case of the Gulf Cooperation Council states as example of positive implementation of Arab solidarity. This article includes the results of Arab public opinion and shed the light on the Arab spring which affected many international and local events. The author asks if Arab solidarity will a real case in the future. This study will investigate these issues and provide the readers with a modern perspective on this topic, furthermore this research approaches this subject from three different areas of discussion: the realism approach, the functionalism approach, and the idealism approach.
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Bishara, Azmi. "The minutiae of racism*". Contemporary Arab Affairs 1, nr 4 (1.10.2008): 539–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550910802391001.
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This article tackles the historical basis and development of the issue of anti-Semitism and examines its perception and impact in the Arab world. The author argues persuasively that anti-Semitism is specific to European racism against Jews. He does not attempt to deflect the term by arguing, as some have done, that Arabs are a Semitic people, but rather unequivocally condemns anti-Semitism and racism of any sort. The author debunks major myths or misconceptions about anti-Semitism and deals frankly with questions of its political utility with regard to Zionism, Israel and Palestine. In the present day, Holocaust denial is unconscionable and, in the end, is not only morally unacceptable, but in the words of the author ‘just plain stupid’. The author castigates Arab and Muslim groups which may take such a stance, arguing that the correct response and Arab reaction to the Holocaust was the simple, straightforward and rational one – a European tragedy, but not one for which the Arabs should assume responsibility.
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Akhmedov, Vladimir M. "DOMESTIC ORIGINS OF IRAN’S MID-EAST POLITICS". Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, nr 4 (18) (2021): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2021-4-41-45.
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In the last decades Iran has become one of the most powerful states in the Middle East. Iran plays a significant role in political, economic, social, religious and ideological issues of the region. An author considers that Iran’s politics shapes major developments in regional security and international relations in the Middle East. Iran’s involvement in the depth of Arab countries; their societies, security affaires and politics strengthens tensions and hostility between Arabs an Iran. The author believes that the search for domestic security serves as the main driver for Arab-Iranian relations and Iranian policy in the Arab World. In his article the author discusses the role of Islam and clergies that dominate Iran’s politics after the Islamic revolution of 1979 The paper stresses that emphasizing Islamic feelings at the expense of nationalism did not contribute to the Arabs’ amicability towards Iran. In this study the author focuses on the fundamental principles of Iranian policy, proclaimed at the beginning of the Islamic revolution and demonstrating its dynamics in the following decades. The paper concludes that many of Iran’s actions in Arab World, including Syria, were dictated by considerations of an internal order and the desire to achieve the status of a nuclear power like Israel and Pakistan by any means.
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Zhukovskyi, I. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE IDEA OF ARAB NATIONALISM IN THE WORKS OF SATI' AL-HUSRI". Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, nr 143 (2019): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2019.143.3.
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The article is dedicated to the influence of Sati’ al-Husri philosophical, political and scientific heritage on the formation of Arab Nationalism and Pan-Arabism movements. The author analyzed main Sati’ al-Husri’s works and noted direct citations and references to his ideology. As a synonym of the European word nation Sati’ al-Husri used Arabic term al-ummah. By this concept he understood common language, culture, believes, state, history and common hopes for the future. His theory of Arab nationalism was formed under the influence of European examples, primarily German and Polish national ideas. He was especially interested in the history of nations divided between several states. Thus, Arabs could claim their national identity without united Arab state. According to Sati’ al-Husri, Arab nation was formed even before the emergence of Islam and the main features of Arab national identity are Arabic language and common history. Even more, Sati’ al-Husri argued that religious ties are weaker than cultural ones, therefore Islam should not be a core of the Arab nationalism. Such approach allowed him to include non-Muslim Arabs into the Arab nation. In accordance with the theory of Sati’ al-Husri, Arab identity should be above personal liberty. Anyone should be ready to sacrifice himself for the benefit of national idea: “Patriotism and nationalism are above all”. Rejecting personal freedom, Sati’ al-Husri proposed to impose the Arab identity by force among Arabs with another identity – Syrian or Libyan etc. There should not be any other identity except of Arabian – as states Sati’ al-Husri. During the reign of Faisal I of Iraq Sati’ al-Husri was holding high offices in the ministry of education. His main goal was to educate patriotic and nationalist feelings among students in purpose of making them faithful to the idea of Arab unity. In conclusions the author states that nationalist ideas of Sati’ al-Husri were authoritarian and manipulative. Despite the long existence of separate Arab states, the idea of Arab unity still remains relevant.
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Handriawan, Dony. "Mempertegas Kembali Arah Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab". al Mahāra: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab 1, nr 1 (15.12.2015): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/almahara.2015.011-03.
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The historical development of the Arabic language in Indonesia can not be separated from the spread of Islam which is the most dominant followed by Indonesian society itself. This has an impact on the development of Arabic learning today, that look is still far from the expected. It seems that view of the cultural and religious patterns of Indonesia in the early 19th century that are still at the level of mythic and theological, less positive effect on the future of Arabic learning in today’s contemporary world. How is the relationship between religion and its influence on the development of the Arabic language, especially in Indonesia will be described in this paper? By using the theory of van Peursen culture and Comte as theoretical analysis, the author tries to find a possible alternative solution of some negative effects in the mythic dimensions of such view, by emphasizing the positive aspects.
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Melkumyan, Elena S. "The League of Arab States: Utopia or Reality?" Oriental Courier, nr 4 (2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310023824-4.
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The article attempts to examine the question of the reasons that led to the League of Arab States (LAS) to be in crisis, and to what extent the ideological basis — Arab unity — was realistic. The author analyses the various elements that define the concept and show their contradictory nature. The author examines the activities of the LAS, which did not achieve its main goal — the Arab unity, and only realized a relative consolidation of the Arab member states on the basis of confrontation with Israel and upholding the rights of the Arab people of Palestine. Noting the gradual weakening of the LAS role, the author considers it as a result of the inefficiency demonstrated by this organization during the aggravation of the Middle East situation after “the Arab Spring”. According to the author, the normalization of relations between a number of Arab states and Israel, as well as the conclusion of The Abraham Accords, was the blow that finally undermined its prestige.
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Akhmedov, Vladimir M. "IRAN’S POLITICS IN THE MIDDLE EAST: POLITICAL AND MILITARY DIMENSIONS". Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, nr 4 (14) (2020): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2020-4-247-256.
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The article explores the core components of Iran’s politics in the Middle East and its latest developments achieved in the region since the 1990s. The author focuses on the Iranian activity in some Arab countries, mainly in Syria, showing why and how Iranian influence managed to ground so deeply in the social fabric of the Syrian society. The author briefly characterizes historic background of Arab-Iranian relations, showing the place and role of Iranian politics in Arab society and political institutions on the eve of ‘Arab Spring’. The article studies the influence of ‘Arab Spring’ on Arab-Iranian relations and shows the challenges, caused by this popular uprising on its early stages in some Arab countries, for Iran and its relations with Middle Eastern states. The stand of the Arab authorities with regards of the given situation and its ability to influence its development are demonstrated as well. The author explores the latest actions of IRI to create structures under Iranian control in some Arab countries, showing the latest developments of Iranian penetration into Arab countries, first of all into Syria. The author analyzes the actions of Iranian diplomacy in concerning the above mentioned goals to strengthen Iranian positions in the Middle East. The article shows the main spheres of Iranian, Israeli, Turkish and Russian contradictions in some Arab countries, first of all in Syria, paying special attention to the development of Russian-Iranian relations in the Middle East. The author estimates Iran’s chances to safeguard its present position in the Middle East in the contexts of latest developments in the region and with regards to Iran’s relations with Russia and Turkey. The author tries to predict transformations in Iran’s Middle Eastern politics in view of further political developments in the region, sharing his views about reconsidering Russian-Iranian relations aiming to improve it, considering the upcoming challenges in the region, where Moscow pursues today an active policy.
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Sarabiev, Aleksei. "PULL FACTORS OF LABOR MIGRATION FROM THE ARAB WORLD TO EUROPEAN COUNTRIES". Eastern Analytics, nr 3 (2020): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2227-5568-2020-03-202-213.
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Pull factors (“attracting”) of labor migration to Europe are considered in application to migrants from Arab countries. Features of Arab labor migration and socioeconomic adaptation of Arabs in Europe are given. According to the author’s classification of pull factors, they are grouped into three groups: selection stage factors, conditional dominants, and extra- economic factors. Each of the groups, or levels, is preferred for a certain category of potential migrants. Special characteristics of Arab Diaspora business networks in European countries are revealed. The author describes an approach to labor migrants, in which they are considered not only as a labor force, but as social capital, which is in demand, first of all, within these networks. The problems of socio- cultural adaptation and economic integration are presented in the light of changes in the pull factors of migration. The key to solving a number of problems along this path is, according to the author, moving towards the withdrawal of business networks of Arab diasporas from their objective self-isolation, their focus on themselves and the business networks of their countries of origin as well in response to the unfamiliar and sometimes closed business environment in the host countries.
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Wien, Peter. "COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST: GERMAN ACADEMIA AND HISTORICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE ARAB LANDS AND NAZI GERMANY". International Journal of Middle East Studies 42, nr 2 (13.04.2010): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743810000073.
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The books that are the subject of this review essay comprise three new contributions and one revised edition about a topic that has become paradigmatic in defining scholarly and political approaches to key areas of Middle Eastern history. It has shaped studies of the historical and ideological roots of Arab nationalism, the Arab–Israeli conflict, and the emergence and perseverance of authoritarian regimes in the modern Middle East. The ways that politicians, intellectuals, political movements, and the Arab public related to Nazism and Nazi anti-Semitism have been used to contest the legitimacy of 20th-century Arab political movements across the ideological spectrum. Historians have theorized about the involvement of individuals such as Grand Mufti Amin al-Husseini in the crimes of Adolf Hitler, Heinrich Himmler, and Adolf Eichmann; the roots of Arab nationalist doctrine in German Volk ideas; the mimicry of Nazism in organizations such as the Iraqi al-Futuwwa and Antun Saadeh's Syrian Social Nationalist Party; and Arab public sympathies for Nazi anti-Semitism dating from the 1930s or even earlier. Until recently, European and Anglo-American research on these topics—often based on a history of ideas approach—tended to take a natural affinity of Arabs toward Nazism for granted. More recent works have contextualized authoritarian and totalitarian trends in the Arab world within a broad political spectrum, choosing subaltern perspectives and privileging the analysis of local voices in the press over colonial archives and the voices of grand theoreticians. The works of Israel Gershoni have taken the lead in this emerging scholarship of Arab nationalism. This approach was also the common denominator of a research project on “Arab Encounters with National Socialism,” which the Berlin Center for Modern Oriental Studies (Zentrum Moderner Orient) hosted from 2000 to 2003. Its members included the author of this review and the authors of two of the books under review (Nordbruch and Wildangel). The project used indigenous Arabic sources, especially local newspapers, for a close scrutiny of Arab reactions to the challenge of Nazism in a period when Arabs, especially nationalists, perceived that quasicolonial regimes undermined the ostensibly democratic and liberal ethos of the British and French Mandate powers.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Arab Author"
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Embaló, Birgit. "Palästinenser im arabischen Roman Syrien, Libanon, Jordanien, Palästina 1948-1988 /". Wiesbaden : Reichert, 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/47694365.html.
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Lunt, Lora G. "Mosaique et memoire : paradigmes identitaires dans le roman feminin tunisien". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37768.
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Mosaique et memoire studies paradigms that contribute to the construction of identity in the writings of thirteen Tunisian women novelists writing in French: Emna Bel Haj Yahia, Aicha Chaibi, Annie Fitoussi, Behija Gaaloul, Annie Goldmann, Souad Guellouz, Jelila Hafsia, Souad Hedri, Turkia Labidi Ben Yahia, Alia Mabrouk, Nine Moati, Katia Rubenstein, and Fawzia Zouari. Drawing upon post-colonial and feminist perspectives, this thesis analyzes texts through their poetics and in linguistic, cultural and literary contexts. Novels by women offer an inside view of women's evolution through a variety of characters representing three generations, just as they explore alternate ways of entering modernity based upon harmonizing traditional values (cultural roots, family, faith, community solidarity, a Mediterranean warmth of spirit, thinking "in Arabesques") with 'modern' values such as sexual equality and individual freedom.Multiple women's voices protest patriarchal and colonial or racist discourse, but also reveal spaces of happiness in women's lives. Jewish voices at times reinforce views by Muslim authors but at others present opposing viewpoints, deconstructing concepts such as 'Arab identity' and questioning nationalist claims to Islamic tolerance and multiculturalism.
In these French-language novels, images and metaphors, as well as expressions in dialectical Arabic, recall the rich cultural heritage underlying national consciousness, the memory and the mosaic which form both individual and national identities. The juxtaposition of Arabic and French suggests both the cross-fertilization of cultures and the impossibility of naming the inexpressible, just as it contributes to deconstructing identity through the medium of the novel.
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Lebœuf, Yvette Katherine. "The Diasporic Writer in the Post-colonial Context: The Case of Ahdaf Soueif". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20668.
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The purpose of this study of Anglo-Egyptian writer Ahdaf Soueif’s two novels, In the Eye of the Sun (1999), first published in 1992, and The Map of Love (2000), first published in 1999, is to examine how they are arenas for hybrid politics in the post-colonial Egyptian context and the Arab diasporic context. This thesis examines how Soueif deals with residual colonial logics by using Post-colonial theories of transculturation. These theories reveal, through an analysis of Soueif’s use of Pharaonicism and her depiction of social and religious divides, that Soueif sometimes legitimizes and sometimes contests the results of transculturation by using products of this very process of transculturation. In the diasporic context, Soueif’s work deterritorializes these hybrid politics of legitimation and contestation by collapsing disparate temporalities and emphasizing continuity between them. To do this she deterritorializes and reterritorializes Pharaonicism, as well as Western literary tradition, the English language and political activism, to emphasize the cultural affinities between Egyptians/Arabs and Western culture. In this manner, she composes an integration strategy designed to facilitate her incorporation into her Western society of settlement, Great-Britain. This allows her to build a political platform from which she can contest and influence politics in her homeland, her society of settlement and the shape of Western cultural and political hegemony on a global scale. She is consequently able to transcend residual colonial logics through the very hybrid politics that they have created. Moreover, in the process, through the political agency that she exercises in her writing and activism, she builds a deterritorialized diasporic identity based on integration into many spheres of belonging that problematizes the victim model of diaspora in Diaspora studies.
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Chodkiewicz, Cyrille. "Les premières polémiques autour d'Ibn 'Arabī : Ibn Taymiyya (661-728/1263-1328)". Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040102.
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Al-Bahar, Ali H. "A study of the insurance market with special reference to the price system for auto insurance in Kuwait". Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340579.
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Zouini, Imane-Sara. "Les langues d’Abdelhak Serhane, un métissage arabo-français chez un romancier marocain, suivi d’une traduction intégrale, en langue arabe, du roman Les Temps noirs, écrit en français par le même auteur". Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INAL0005.
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Cette thèse présente une étude assez complète du roman Les Temps noirs d’Abdelhak Serhane en vue de mettre en avant son esthétique littéraire. Après un travail de contextualisation de la littérature maghrébine d’expression française, le travail de recherche se prolonge par une analyse littéraire du roman Les Temps noirs, ensuite par une étude du métissage arabo-français qui sous-tend l’écriture littéraire de cet écrivain marocain dans son roman. Enfin, c’est à l’analyse de la traduction intégrale du roman Les Temps noirs en langue arabe, que se consacre le travail de recherche, en vue d’étudier le passage des figures du métissage dans le texte traduit par l’auteure de la thèse, tout en s’appuyant sur l’apport théorique et critique d’Antoine BermanThe aim of this thesis is to present a rather complete study of Abdelhak Serhane’s novel Les Temps noirs, in order to highlight its literary aesthetic. After contextualizing the Maghrebi literature of French expression, the research is prolonged by a literary analysis of Les Temps noirs, then by a study of the Arab-French hybridity which underlies the literary writing of the Moroccan novelist. Finally, it is to the analysis of Les Temps noirs’s translation in arabic that this research work is dedicated, in order to study the passage of figures of hybridity in the text translated by the author of this thesis while relying on the theoretical and critical contribution of Antoine Berman
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Alrashidi, Badriyah. "Un problème de terminologie médicale au Koweït : la vulgarisation autour du diabète". Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUEL020.
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Face à l’augmentation croissante des pathologies dites modernes (cancer, diabète, etc. ), l’accès à une information médicale de qualité est devenu un enjeu majeur de santé publique dans tous les pays. Or on peut admettre que les pratiques linguistiques liées à la construction des savoirs, à leur transmission et leur appropriation passent par l’acquisition et la mise en application des terminologies. Cette thèse propose d’aborder la question de la vulgarisation de la terminologie médicale au Koweït. Nous nous intéressons principalement à la pathologie du diabète. Après avoir rappelé le contexte de cette recherche, nous posons la problématique efficiente doit prendre en considération la vulgarisation. Dans une approche socioterminologie, nous analysons les données terminologiques issues d’ouvrages de vulgarisation et recueillies auprès des acteurs médicaux. Les résultats de cette recherche contribueront à une meilleure prise en compte des questions liées à la vulgarisation de la terminologie médicale au KoweïtWith growing increase of modern diseases (such as cancer, diabetes, etc. ), access to understandable health information has become a major concern and a public health issue in all countries. We can therefore admit that language related to the development of knowledge, its transmission and appropriation are definitely needed for the implementation of terminology. This theses proposes to address the issue of popularization of medical terminology in Kuwait. We are primarily focus on the pathology of diabetes. After recalling the context of the research, we tackle the main issue of the Arabization of sciences. From a terminological point of view, we stress the paramount importance of popularization in the framework of terminological policy. With socioterminological tools, we analyze terminological data picked from medical popularization books, but also collected from actors. Our results aime at making proposals and paving ways for a better popularization of medical terminology in Kuwait
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Khoury, Nicole Michelle. "Hybrid identity and Arab/American feminism in Diana Abu-Jaber's Arabian Jazz". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2862.
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In her novel Arabian Jazz, Diana Abu-Jaber attempts to explore the Arab American identity as something new; as an identity that exists related to, but ultimately separate from, the Arab and American identities from which it was originally created. This thesis discusses the emergence of the depiction of the Arab American female identity in the novel, examining how the characters explore issues of race, class, imperialism, and sex within both the Arab and the American cultures as those issues shape female identity. The thesis also presents a rhetorical analysis of the speeches that allow the characters a voice with respect to how identity is shaped and reshaped throughout the novel.
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Ocampo, Fernanda. "L’ontologie de Dietrich de Freiberg, dans le contexte de la dispute arabo-latine autour de la « distinction réelle »". Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040043.
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Cette thèse poursuit une étude de l’ontologie de Dietrich de Freiberg, à la lumière du débat arabo-latine autour de la « distinction réelle » entre l’être et l’essence. L’enjeu principal est de montrer comment la doctrine du maître allemand, défendant vigoureusement les principes de l’ontologie aristotélico-averroïste, s’offre comme alternative aux doctrines ancrées sur la thèse de la distinction réelle de la fin du XIIIème siècle, à l’Université de Paris. La première partie analyse le contexte historique et doctrinal dans lequel s’inscrit la réflexion de Dietrich : d’abord, la critique averroïste à la conception « avicennienne » de l’étant aristotélicien, et ensuite, le premier jalon de la dispute latine, constitué par la critique de Siger de Brabant aux défenseurs de la distinction réelle (parmi eux, Thomas d’Aquin). La deuxième partie étudie, en premier lieu, un des arguments centraux dans la discussion, à savoir, l’argument de l’« intellectus essentiae », et s’occupe ensuite de l’examen de son refus de la part de Dietrich. Finalement, la troisième partie considère l’ontologie de Dietrich dans ses traits fondamentaux, à la lumière de sa vision critique envers les thèses centrales des défenseurs de la distinction réelleThis thesis pursues a study of Dietrich of Freiberg’s ontology, in the light of the Arabian-Latin debate about “real distinction” between existence and essence. The main concern is to show how the doctrine of the german master, defending strongly the principles of the Aristotelian-Averroïst ontology, offers itself as an alternative to the doctrines fixed on the thesis of real distinction at the end of the XIIIth century, at the University of Paris. The first part analyzes the historic and doctrinal background in which the reflection of Dietrich is placed: first, Averroes’ criticism to Avicenna’s conception of Aristotelian being, and then, the first milestone of the Latin quarrel, constituted by Siger’s criticism to the defenders of the real distinction (among them, Thomas Aquinas). The second part examines, first of all, one of the central arguments in the discussion, namely, the “intellectus essentiae” argument, and then deals with the examination of Dietrich’s refusal of it. Finally, the third part considers the ontology of Dietrich in its fundamental features, in the light of its critical vision regarding the main theses of the defenders of real distinction
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Mamelouk, Douja. "Redirecting al-nazar contemporary Tunisian women novelists return the gaze /". Connect to Electronic Thesis (ProQuest) Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2010. http://worldcat.org/oclc/649823780/viewonline.
Pełny tekst źródłaKsiążki na temat "Arab Author"
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Dajani, Marwan. Uprooted: Author. Beirut: Arab Scientific Publishers, 2016.
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Hijjawi, Reem. You don't live the moment twice. Lewes: Book Guild, 2003.
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Najīb, ʻAṭwī ʻAlī, ʻAṭwī ʻAlī Najīb, Farrān Muḥammad Yūsuf, Jaffāl ʻAlī, Murūwah Muḥammad Riḍā, Murūwah Muḥammad Riḍā, Nūr al-Dīn Ḥasan Jaʻfar i in., red. [Biographies of classical Arab authors]. Bayrūt, Lubnān: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 1990.
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Ḥannā, Abū Ḥannā. Ẓill al-ghaymah: Sīrah. Bayrūt: al-Muʾassasah al-ʻArabīyah lil-Dirāsāt wa-al-Nashr, 2001.
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Qaddūrah, Walīd Saʻīd. Ramād al-dhākirah. London: al-Intishār al-ʻArabī, 1999.
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Qāḍī, Maḥmūd. Shayʾ min al-dhākirah. Dimashq, Sūrīyah: Dār Kanʻān, 1995.
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Ḥannā, Abū Ḥannā. Ẓill al-ghaymah. Wyd. 2. Al-Nāṣirah: Ḥannā Abū Ḥannā, 1997.
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Ḥūrānī, Fayṣal. al- Waṭan fī al-dhākirah: Durūb al-manfá : shahādah. Dimashq: Kanʻan, 1994.
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Ḥannā, Abū Ḥannā. Ẓill al-ghaymah: Sīrah. Bayrūt: al-Muʼassasah al-ʻArabīyah lil-Dirāsāt wa-al-Nashr, 2001.
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Noble, Frances Khirallah. The Situe stories. [Syracuse, N.Y.]: Syracuse University Press, 2000.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Arab Author"
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Dayeh, Islam. "20. Ḥasan Tawfīq al-Adl (d. 1904) - Arabic Tutor and Author at the Seminar für Orientalische Sprachen in Berlin, 1887-1892". W Arab Berlin, 263–94. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839462638-021.
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Hegasy, Sonja. "5. Hermeneutic Chicanery". W Arab Berlin, 83–102. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839462638-006.
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In a move away from the fierce reactions in Germany against Jewish intellectuals and artists partaking in various discussions around multi-directional memory, this chapter investigates the atmosphere of witch-hunt that developed over the last years. It specifically asks how guarantees for non-repetition, an important cornerstone of West-German commemoration to prevent future persecution, play out? The author puts forward the thesis that Muslim-Jewish networks of solidarity have developed in the wake of ongoing neo-Nazi attacks. These links of solidarity have become the target of "hermeneutical chicanery" and consequential misreading.
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Ari, Nisa. "Competition in the Cultural Sector: Handicrafts and the Rise of the Trade Fair in British Mandate Palestine". W European Cultural Diplomacy and Arab Christians in Palestine, 1918–1948, 213–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55540-5_11.
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AbstractOn the eve of Palestine’s violent ethno-national clashes of the 1930s, two simultaneous, competing trade fairs were mounted in Palestine: the Levant Fair in Tel Aviv (1932) and the First National Arab Fair in Jerusalem (1933). This chapter sketches a lineage of trade fairs in Palestine in the decades immediately prior to the debut of these duelling “national” fairs to investigate the roots of this typology within Palestine and its rise as a space for political action and debate. Undergirding the evolution of the trade fair in Palestine, the author argues, was the formation of a “cultural sector”—a conglomerate of institutions delimited by a distinct regional focus, furthering cultural development as part of both economic and political missions.
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Taylor, Claire. "The Production of Knowledge and Preservation of Self-identity: William of Rubruck and Ibn Battuta in Contact with Mongols". W Palgrave Series in Asia and Pacific Studies, 29–57. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0124-9_2.
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AbstractThe chapter discusses the perceptions and constructions of Asia in the Mongol period, focusing on two travellers going eastward in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries: William of Rubruck and Ibn Battuta. By reconstructing the context and motivations for their voyages, the author traces European and Arab perceptions of East Asia and Inner Asia as they emerge from two key travel reports. Particular attention is given to the scope and limit of their curiosities, exploring similarities and differences in both mental attitude and perception of Asian spaces. The scholarly concept of othering so often applied to travellers entering the East is here questioned and problematized. Interestingly, social imageries of Asia often went beyond quoting ancient authorities and repeating known tropes of classical and holy texts. This finding in turn sparks questions about the relationship between changing narratives, mobilities, and agendas behind the production of knowledge.
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Pannewick, Friederike. "The Year 1979 as a Turning Point in Syrian Theatre: From Politicization to Critical Humanism". W Re-Configurations, 277–87. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31160-5_18.
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Abstract This chapter investigates a crucial turning point in the writing of Syrian dramatist Saadallah Wannous (1941–1997) in the late 1970s. This internationally acclaimed author belonged to a generation of Arab intellectuals and artists whose political and artistic identities were strongly shaped by the question of Palestine. After the Camp David Accords of 1978 and the resulting Egypt-Israel peace treaty, signed in 1979, Wannous attempted suicide and stopped writing plays for more than ten years. This chapter shows how the plays he published after this self-imposed silence moved away from a didactic, political theater and towards psychological studies focusing on individuals as well as minority and gender issues. This chapter asks whether the significant aesthetic and conceptual turn in Wannous’s work from the early 1990s onwards might go beyond the concerns of a specific individual artist. To what extent does it mark a generational shift in regard to the meaning and connotations of political art?
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Omaren, Abdolrahman, i Julia Gerlach. "3. Amal, Berlin! Arab media, Berlin-style". W Arab Berlin, 55–62. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839462638-004.
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Amal, Berlin! is a news platform providing local reporting about Berlin in three languages: Arabic, Dari/Farsi and Ukrainian. The two authors of the chapter Julia Gerlach and Abdolrahman Omaren are describing their experience from their two different perspectives. Julia Gerlach is co- founder of the project. She and her sister came up with the Idea and started it in 2016. Abdolrahman Omaren is editor in chief of the Arabic section, and in the chapter, he shares his thoughts on the journalistic experiment that writing in Arabic for the exiled Arab community offers.
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Tausch, Arno. "The Scientific Background to Our Own Empirical Study". W Political Islam and Religiously Motivated Political Extremism, 19–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24854-2_3.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we amply debate the contributions on “political Islam” in the leading peer-reviewed journals of social science. We discuss contributions by Francois Burgat, but also Jocelyne Cesari, John Esposito, Gilles Kepel and Oliver Roy clearly outline which important value patterns the adherents of political Islam represent (five items from the Arab Barometer) and which political movements and governments of countries are to be assigned to the extension of the phenomenon. Of special importance is the study by Harvard Professor Melanie Cammett (Cammett et al., 2020), which deals explicitly with political Islam and political values in the Arab world using data from the Arab Barometer. The empirical analyses of Cammett et al. (2020), use longitudinal data from the Arab Barometer as well as data from the World Values Survey 2015. We also debate the contributions by such authors as Fox et al. (2016), Achilov (2016); as well as empirical contributions by Driessen (2018), Kucinskas and Van Der Does (2017); a highly interesting Iranian paper, authored by Rahbarqazi and Mahmoudoghli (2020); and the Tessler (2010), study. All these studies were very valuable in the formation of our own empirical research.
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"About the Author". W Arab America, 310. New York University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814759202.003.0014.
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"About the author". W Online Arab Spring, xi. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-84334-757-6.00011-5.
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"About the author". W Arab New York, 199. New York University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479897650.003.0011.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Arab Author"
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"Author Index". W 2018 International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acit.2018.8672708.
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Almanie, Tahani, Nora Alshewaier, Reema Alnowaiser, Manar Alnassar, Ebtihal Almutairi i Duna Bin Suwaidan. "Little Author: An Interactive Edutainment Application Designed to Assist Arab Children in Story Writing". W 2018 International Conference on Computer and Applications (ICCA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comapp.2018.8460348.
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Nová, Monika. "Majority society and its coexistence with Arab and Muslim neighbors in the city of Teplice". W XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-54.
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Writing this paper, the author wished to define problems that stem from the process of integrating Arab immigrants into the wider contemporary society of Teplice, not least because the city has often been mentioned in Czech media as a place where the foreigners are allegedly ill-adjusted to the local culture. Relying on the methods of qualitative research and on specifically constituted focus groups, we tried to find out what makes the process of integration in the city so troubled. In so doing, we considered the views presented by the representatives of municipal authorities, the non-profit sector and charity & church organizations - all more or less professionally engaged in the subject of our interest. Our results confirmed that Teplice is an illustrative example of the suitable practice.As mentioned in the Conclusion below, the Arab and Muslim societies follow certain rules and try hard to make them understood and tolerated.
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Koltsova, N. "ON THE QUESTION OF THE SYMBOLISM OF THE VELD IN RUSSIAN PROSE OF THE FIRST THIRD OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE STORIES OF PLATONOV AND PRISHVIN)". W VIII International Conference “Russian Literature of the 20th-21st Centuries as a Whole Process (Issues of Theoretical and Methodological Research)”. LCC MAKS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m3707.rus_lit_20-21/122-125.
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The article is devoted to the study the features of “spatial form” in the stories of M. Prishvin and A. Platonov. The space itself acts as a hero in them, while the central character (or characters) are interesting to the author rather as a focus of perception. The shift of emphasis from a person to “thinking matter”, or “the substance of existence” (Platonov), predetermines a change in all levels of artistic structure - from the organization of the plot, which is relegated to the background or is completely absent, to types of psychologism, often taking the form of “anti-psychologism”. The “floating point of view” of Platonov’s later stories evokes associations with the cinematic technique of the wandering camera, or “subjective camera.” In Prishvin’s story, the effect of “depersonalization” is achieved by updating the traditional technique of duality: the black Arab is the shadow of the hero, declaring itself before the latter appears and remaining in the story (and in the desert world) after him. Despite the fact that national exoticism predominates in Prishvin’s story, it, introducing the reader to the world of oriental legends and culture in general, does not cancel the Russian “prehistory” of Prishvin’s method, prepared both by the traditions of Russian classical literature of the 19-th century and by the discoveries of neorealism of the 20-th century.
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"Authors Index". W 2021 22nd International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acit53391.2021.9677277.
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"Authors Index". W 2023 24th International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acit58888.2023.10453905.
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Abdelhafez, Momin, Ghaydaa Khateeb i Adnan Yahya. "Efficient Arabic Query Auto-Completion for Question Answering at a University". W 2022 International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acit57182.2022.9994190.
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Ahmad, Mohammad Imran, Mohammad Najib Jaffar, Ahmad Syukri Adnan i Naqibah Mansor. "THE EVALUATION OF USABILITY OF I-REHLAH PROTOTYPE BASED ON EXPERTS’ CONSENSUS USING FUZZY DELPHI ANALYSIS". W GLOBAL TOURISM CONFERENCE 2021. PENERBIT UMT, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/gtc.2021.11.002.
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To verify a product’s usefulness, each application must go through a testing or evaluation phase. The usability evaluation is described as a test performed on a real user to assess how easy it is to use an application. In this study, the respondents must use the developed prototype and evaluate it by answering the questionnaire provided in order to determine the usability of the i-Rehlah prototype. Since the evaluation of usability could not be applied to Arab tourists as the main respondents, the authors decided to appoint professionals in academia, industry and government as respondents. For the initial phase of construction for the real application, the choice of this technique and a target group of experts is deemed appropriate.
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Abbas, Naqaa, i Hend Taher. "Celebrating Culture - Literary Communities of Practice in Doha". W Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0264.
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Our paper focuses on the role of arts and culture in Doha. More specifically, we examine literary circles in Doha (both Arab and English speaking) and regard them as ‘communities of practice.’ According to Etienne Wenger, communities of practice are “groups of people who share a concern or a passion for something they do and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly.” Moreover, such communities are seen as promoting innovation, developing social capital, facilitating and spreading knowledge within a group, and spreading existing knowledge. Recently, there has been a surge of active literary communities presenting their creative work in both English and Arabic attracting a variety of audiences and fans. For instance, young authors such as Kumam Al Maadeed, Eissa Abdullah, Buthaina Al-Janahi and Abdullah Fakhro not only have a huge online following, but they also have a significant fan base attending their events throughout the city. Besides these communities, there are also numerous organizations with which these celebrity authors are associated such as Qalam Hebr, Qatari Forum for Authors, and Outspoken Doha – we argue that such organizations can also be regarded as communities of practice. Our contention is that these ever-growing communities provide a performative space in which poets, singers, authors and artists can experiment with the fluidity of their assigned identities, cultures and traditions.
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Shah, Virali, Shiven Bhardwaj, Mingchen Kao, Joshua Willet i Edward J. Williams. "Simulation Supports Improvement And Expansion Of Auto Detailing Service". W 37th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2023-0019.
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When, some decades ago now, discrete-event process simulation first expanded from academic research into the commercial arena, its first and very enthusiastic users were manufacturing enterprises. From there, simulation has deservedly expanded into other realms: Health care, warehousing, supply chain and transshipment improvement, public transport (improvements to airports, highway networks, and railroad operations), and service industries. We provide here an example of simulation applied to a service industry – the detailing of privately owned vehicles. Such detailing, properly and thoroughly done, can make a vehicle “like new” – shining headlights, restored upholstery, “squeaky clean” inside and out, and all surfaces vigorously polished. In the simulation analysis examined in this paper, a recently established (2021) auto detailing service in the United Arab Emirates, experienced significant increase in customer demand. The entrepreneur, having established an excellent reputation for service quality, sought the most cost-effective ways to accommodate the increased demand with no degradation of (indeed, even improvement to) its service: Short waiting times and “delivery when promised.”
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Arab Author"
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. MODERN MEDIA TEXT: POLITICAL NARRATIVES, MEANINGS AND SENSES, EMOTIONAL MARKERS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11411.
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The article examines modern media texts in the field of political journalism; the role of information narratives and emotional markers in media doctrine is clarified; verbal expression of rational meanings in the articles of famous Ukrainian analysts is shown. Popular theories of emotions in the process of cognition are considered, their relationship with the author’s personality, reader psychology and gonzo journalism is shown. Since the media text, in contrast to the text, is a product of social communication, the main narrative is information with the intention of influencing public opinion. Media text implies the presence of the author as a creator of meanings. In addition, media texts have universal features: word, sound, visuality (stills, photos, videos). They are traditionally divided into radio, TV, newspaper and Internet texts. The concepts of multimedia and hypertext are related to online texts. Web combinations, especially in political journalism, have intensified the interactive branching of nonlinear texts that cannot be published in traditional media. The Internet as a medium has created the conditions for the exchange of ideas in the most emotional way. Hence Gonzo’s interest in journalism, which expresses impressions of certain events in words and epithets, regardless of their stylistic affiliation. There are many such examples on social media in connection with the events surrounding the Wagnerians, the Poroshenko case, Russia’s new aggression against Ukraine, and others. Thus, the study of new features of media text in the context of modern political narratives and emotional markers is important in media research. The article focuses review of etymology, origin and features of using lexemes “cмисл (meaning)” and “сенс (sense)” in linguistic practice of Ukrainians results in the development of meanings and functional stylistic coloring in the usage of these units. Lexemes “cмисл (meaning)” and “сенс (sense)” are used as synonyms, but there are specific fields of meanings where they cannot be interchanged: lexeme “сенс (sense)” should be used when it comes to reasonable grounds for something, lexeme “cмисл (meaning)” should be used when it comes to notion, concept, understanding. Modern political texts are most prominent in genres such as interviews with politicians, political commentaries, analytical articles by media experts and journalists, political reviews, political portraits, political talk shows, and conversations about recent events, accompanied by effective emotional narratives. Etymologically, the concept of “narrative” is associated with the Latin adjective “gnarus” – expert. Speakers, philosophers, and literary critics considered narrative an “example of the human mind.” In modern media texts it is not only “story”, “explanation”, “message techniques”, “chronological reproduction of events”, but first of all the semantic load and what subjective meanings the author voices; it is a process of logical presentation of arguments (narration). The highly professional narrator uses narration as a “method of organizing discourse” around facts and impressions, impresses with his political erudition, extraordinary intelligence and creativity. Some of the above theses are reflected in the following illustrations from the Ukrainian media: “Culture outside politics” – a pro-Russian narrative…” (MP Gabibullayeva); “The next will be Russia – in the post-Soviet space is the Arab Spring…” (journalist Vitaly Portnikov); “In Russia, only the collapse of Ukraine will be perceived as success” (Pavel Klimkin); “Our army is fighting, hiding from the leadership” (Yuri Butusov).
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Hotsur, Oksana. SOCIAL NETWORKS AND BLOGS AS TOOLS PR-CAMPAIGN IMPLEMENTATIONS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, marzec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11110.
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The article deals with the ways in which social networks and the blogosphere influence the formation and implementation of a PR campaign. Examples from the political sphere (election campaigns, initiatives), business (TV brands, traditional and online media) have revealed the opportunities that Facebook, Telegram, Twitter, YouTube and blogs promote in promoting advertising, ideas, campaigns, thoughts, or products. Author blogs created on special websites or online media may not be as much of a tool in PR as an additional tool on social media. It is noted that choosing a blog as the main tool of PR campaign has both positive and negative points. Social networks intervene in the sphere of human life, become a means of communication, promotion, branding. The effectiveness of social networks has been evidenced by such historically significant events as Brexit, the Arab Spring, and the Revolution of Dignity. Special attention was paid to the 2019 presidential election. Based on the analysis of individual PR campaigns, the reasons for successful and unsuccessful campaigns from the point of view of network communication, which provide unlimited multimedia and interactive tools for PR, are highlighted. In fact, these concepts significantly affect the effectiveness of the implementation of PR-campaign, its final effectiveness, which is determined by the achievement of goals. Attention is drawn to the culture of communication during the PR campaign, as well as the concepts of “trolls”, “trolling”, “bots”, “botoin industry”. The social communication component of these concepts is unconditional. Choosing a blog as the main tool of a marketing campaign has both positive and negative aspects. Only a person with great creative potential can run and create a blog. In addition, it takes a long time. In fact, these two points are losing compared to other internet marketing tools. Further research is interesting in two respects. First, a comparison of the dynamics of the effectiveness of PR-campaign tools in Ukraine in 2020 and in the past, in particular, at the dawn of state independence. Secondly, to investigate how/or the concept of PR-campaigns in social networks and blogs is constantly changing.
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HEFNER, Robert. IHSAN ETHICS AND POLITICAL REVITALIZATION Appreciating Muqtedar Khan’s Islam and Good Governance. IIIT, październik 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47816/01.001.20.
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Ours is an age of pervasive political turbulence, and the scale of the challenge requires new thinking on politics as well as public ethics for our world. In Western countries, the specter of Islamophobia, alt-right populism, along with racialized violence has shaken public confidence in long-secure assumptions rooted in democracy, diversity, and citizenship. The tragic denouement of so many of the Arab uprisings together with the ascendance of apocalyptic extremists like Daesh and Boko Haram have caused an even greater sense of alarm in large parts of the Muslim-majority world. It is against this backdrop that M.A. Muqtedar Khan has written a book of breathtaking range and ethical beauty. The author explores the history and sociology of the Muslim world, both classic and contemporary. He does so, however, not merely to chronicle the phases of its development, but to explore just why the message of compassion, mercy, and ethical beauty so prominent in the Quran and Sunna of the Prophet came over time to be displaced by a narrow legalism that emphasized jurisprudence, punishment, and social control. In the modern era, Western Orientalists and Islamists alike have pushed the juridification and interpretive reification of Islamic ethical traditions even further. Each group has asserted that the essence of Islam lies in jurisprudence (fiqh), and both have tended to imagine this legal heritage on the model of Western positive law, according to which law is authorized, codified, and enforced by a leviathan state. “Reification of Shariah and equating of Islam and Shariah has a rather emaciating effect on Islam,” Khan rightly argues. It leads its proponents to overlook “the depth and heights of Islamic faith, mysticism, philosophy or even emotions such as divine love (Muhabba)” (13). As the sociologist of Islamic law, Sami Zubaida, has similarly observed, in all these developments one sees evidence, not of a traditionalist reassertion of Muslim values, but a “triumph of Western models” of religion and state (Zubaida 2003:135). To counteract these impoverishing trends, Khan presents a far-reaching analysis that “seeks to move away from the now failed vision of Islamic states without demanding radical secularization” (2). He does so by positioning himself squarely within the ethical and mystical legacy of the Qur’an and traditions of the Prophet. As the book’s title makes clear, the key to this effort of religious recovery is “the cosmology of Ihsan and the worldview of Al-Tasawwuf, the science of Islamic mysticism” (1-2). For Islamist activists whose models of Islam have more to do with contemporary identity politics than a deep reading of Islamic traditions, Khan’s foregrounding of Ihsan may seem unfamiliar or baffling. But one of the many achievements of this book is the skill with which it plumbs the depth of scripture, classical commentaries, and tasawwuf practices to recover and confirm the ethic that lies at their heart. “The Quran promises that God is with those who do beautiful things,” the author reminds us (Khan 2019:1). The concept of Ihsan appears 191 times in 175 verses in the Quran (110). The concept is given its richest elaboration, Khan explains, in the famous hadith of the Angel Gabriel. This tradition recounts that when Gabriel appeared before the Prophet he asked, “What is Ihsan?” Both Gabriel’s question and the Prophet’s response make clear that Ihsan is an ideal at the center of the Qur’an and Sunna of the Prophet, and that it enjoins “perfection, goodness, to better, to do beautiful things and to do righteous deeds” (3). It is this cosmological ethic that Khan argues must be restored and implemented “to develop a political philosophy … that emphasizes love over law” (2). In its expansive exploration of Islamic ethics and civilization, Khan’s Islam and Good Governance will remind some readers of the late Shahab Ahmed’s remarkable book, What is Islam? The Importance of Being Islamic (Ahmed 2016). Both are works of impressive range and spiritual depth. But whereas Ahmed stood in the humanities wing of Islamic studies, Khan is an intellectual polymath who moves easily across the Islamic sciences, social theory, and comparative politics. He brings the full weight of his effort to conclusion with policy recommendations for how “to combine Sufism with political theory” (6), and to do so in a way that recommends specific “Islamic principles that encourage good governance, and politics in pursuit of goodness” (8).