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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Ara4N"
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Yan, Aixin, Ziqiang Guan i Christian R. H. Raetz. "An Undecaprenyl Phosphate-Aminoarabinose Flippase Required for Polymyxin Resistance in Escherichia coli". Journal of Biological Chemistry 282, nr 49 (10.10.2007): 36077–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m706172200.
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Modification of lipid A with the 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (l-Ara4N) moiety is required for resistance to polymyxin and cationic antimicrobial peptides in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. An operon of seven genes (designated pmrHFIJKLM in S. typhimurium), which is regulated by the PmrA transcription factor and is also present in E. coli, is necessary for the maintenance of polymyxin resistance. We previously elucidated the roles of pmrHFIJK in the biosynthesis and attachment of l-Ara4N to lipid A and renamed these genes arn-BCADT, respectively. We now propose functions for the last two genes of the operon, pmrL and pmrM. Chromosomal inactivation of each of these genes in an E. coli pmrAc parent switched its phenotype from polymyxin-resistant to polymyxin-sensitive. Lipid A was no longer modified with l-Ara4N, even though the levels of the lipid-linked donor of the l-Ara4N moiety, undecaprenyl phosphate-α-l-Ara4N, were not reduced in the mutants. However, the undecaprenyl phosphate-α-l-Ara4N present in the mutants was less concentrated on the periplasmic surface of the inner membrane, as judged by 4-5-fold reduced labeling with the inner membrane-impermeable amine reagent N-hydroxysulfosuccin-imidobiotin. In an arnT mutant of the same pmrAc parent, which lacks the enzyme that transfers the l-Ara4N unit to lipid A but retains the same high levels of undecaprenyl phosphate-α-l-Ara4N as the parent, N-hydroxysulfosuccinimidobiotin labeling was not reduced. These results implicate pmrL and pmrM, but not arnT, in transporting undecaprenyl phosphate-α-l-Ara4N across the inner membrane. PmrM and PmrL, now renamed ArnE and ArnF because of their involvement in l-Ara4N modification of lipid A, may be subunits of an undecaprenyl phosphate-α-l-Ara4N flippase.
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Zamyatina, Alla, Ralph Hollaus, Markus Blaukopf i Paul Kosma. "Synthesis of lipid A and inner-core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ligands containing 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose units". Pure and Applied Chemistry 84, nr 1 (19.11.2011): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-11-08-01.
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Attachment of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (Ara4N) to phosphates or sugar hydroxyl groups of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contributes to bacterial resistance against common antibiotics. For a detailed study of antigenic properties and binding interactions, Ara4N-containing inner-core ligands related to Burkholderia and Proteus LPS have been synthesized in good yields. Glycosylation at position 8 of allyl glycosides of oct-2-ulosonic acids (Ko, Kdo) has been accomplished using an N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate 4-azido-4-deoxy-L-arabinosyl glycosyl donor followed by azide reduction and global deprotection. The β-L-Ara4N-(1 → 8)-α-Kdo disaccharide was further extended into the branched β-L-Ara4N-(1 → 8)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide via a regioselective glycosylation of a protected triol intermediate. Synthesis of Ara4N-modified lipid A part structure occurring in the LPS of Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiellla strains was accomplished using the H-phosphonate approach. The stereocontrolled assembly of the phosphodiester linkage connecting glycosidic centers of two aminosugars was elaborated employing an anomeric H-phosphonate of cyclic silyl-ether protected 4-azido-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose, which was coupled to the hemiacetal of the lipid A GlcN-disaccharide backbone. Conditions for global deprotection, which warrant the integrity of “double anomeric” phosphodiester linkage, were successfully developed. Introduction of thiol-terminated spacer at the synthetic ligands allows both coupling to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and immobilization on gold nanoparticles as well as generation of glycoarrays.
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Ortega, Ximena P., Silvia T. Cardona, Alan R. Brown, Slade A. Loutet, Ronald S. Flannagan, Dominic J. Campopiano, John R. W. Govan i Miguel A. Valvano. "A Putative Gene Cluster for Aminoarabinose Biosynthesis Is Essential for Burkholderia cenocepacia Viability". Journal of Bacteriology 189, nr 9 (2.03.2007): 3639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00153-07.
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ABSTRACT Using a conditional mutagenesis strategy we demonstrate here that a gene cluster encoding putative aminoarabinose (Ara4N) biosynthesis enzymes is essential for the viability of Burkholderia cenocepacia. Loss of viability is associated with dramatic changes in bacterial cell morphology and ultrastructure, increased permeability to propidium iodide, and sensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate, suggesting a general cell envelope defect caused by the lack of Ara4N.
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Gunn, John S., Sara S. Ryan, Jennifer C. Van Velkinburgh, Robert K. Ernst i Samuel I. Miller. "Genetic and Functional Analysis of a PmrA-PmrB-Regulated Locus Necessary for Lipopolysaccharide Modification, Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance, and Oral Virulence of Salmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium". Infection and Immunity 68, nr 11 (1.11.2000): 6139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.11.6139-6146.2000.
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ABSTRACT The two-component regulatory system PmrA-PmrB confers resistance ofSalmonella spp. to cationic antimicrobial peptides (AP) such as polymyxin (PM), bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein, and azurocidin. This resistance occurs by transcriptional activation of two loci termed pmrE and pmrHFIJKLM. BothpmrE and pmrHFIJKLM produce products required for the biosynthesis of lipid A with 4-aminoarabinose (Ara4N). Ara4N addition creates a more positively charged lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and thus reduces cationic AP binding. Experiments were conducted to further analyze the regulation of the pmrHFIJKLM operon and the role of this operon and the surrounding genomic region in LPS modification and antimicrobial peptide resistance. ThepmrHFIJKLM genes are cotranscribed and over 3,000-fold regulated by PmrA-PmrB. The pmrHFIJKLM promoter bound PmrA, as determined by gel shift analysis, as did a 40-bp region of the PmrA-PmrB-regulated pmrCAB promoter. Construction of nonpolar mutations in the pmrHFIJKLM genes showed that all except pmrM were necessary for the Ara4N addition to lipid A and PM resistance. The flanking genes of the operon (pmrG and pmrD) were not necessary for PM resistance, but pmrD was shown to be regulated by the PhoP-PhoQ regulatory system. BALB/c mice inoculated withpmrA and pmrHFIJKLM mutant strains demonstrated virulence attenuation when the strains were administered orally but not when they were administered intraperitoneally, indicating that Ara4N addition may be important for resistance to host innate defenses within intestinal tissues.
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Tamayo, R., B. Choudhury, A. Septer, M. Merighi, R. Carlson i J. S. Gunn. "Identification of cptA, a PmrA-Regulated Locus Required for Phosphoethanolamine Modification of the Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Lipopolysaccharide Core". Journal of Bacteriology 187, nr 10 (15.05.2005): 3391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.10.3391-3399.2005.
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ABSTRACT In response to the in vivo environment, the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is modified. These modifications are controlled in part by the two-component regulatory system PmrA-PmrB, with the addition of 4-aminoarabinose (Ara4N) to the lipid A and phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) to the lipid A and core. Here we demonstrate that the PmrA-regulated STM4118 (cptA) gene is necessary for the addition of pEtN to the LPS core. pmrC, a PmrA-regulated gene necessary for the addition of pEtN to lipid A, did not affect core pEtN addition. Although imparting a similar surface charge modification as Ara4N, which greatly affects polymyxin B resistance and murine virulence, neither pmrC nor cptA plays a dramatic role in antimicrobial peptide resistance in vitro or virulence in the mouse model. Therefore, factors other than surface charge/electrostatic interaction contribute to resistance to antimicrobial peptides such as polymyxin B.
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Novem, Vidhya, Guanghou Shui, Dongling Wang, Anne K. Bendt, Siew Hoon Sim, Yichun Liu, Tuck Weng Thong i in. "Structural and Biological Diversity of Lipopolysaccharides from Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia thailandensis". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 16, nr 10 (19.08.2009): 1420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00472-08.
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ABSTRACT Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent of melioidosis, is a facultative intracellular pathogen. As B. pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium, its outer membrane contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules, which have been shown to have low-level immunological activities in vitro. In this study, the biological activities of B. pseudomallei LPS were compared to those of Burkholderia thailandensis LPS, and it was found that both murine and human macrophages produced levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10 in response to B. pseudomallei LPS that were lower than those in response to B. thailandensis LPS in vitro. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the low-level immunological activities of B. pseudomallei LPS, its lipid A moiety was characterized using mass spectrometry. The major lipid A species identified in B. pseudomallei consists of a biphosphorylated disaccharide backbone, which is modified with 4-amino-4-deoxy-arabinose (Ara4N) at both phosphates and penta-acylated with fatty acids (FA) C14:0(3-OH), C16:0(3-OH), and either C14:0 or C14:0(2-OH). In contrast, the major lipid A species identified in B. thailandensis was a mixture of tetra- and penta-acylated structures with differing amounts of Ara4N and FA C14:0(3-OH). Lipid A species acylated with FA C14:0(2-OH) were unique to B. pseudomallei and not found in B. thailandensis. Our data thus indicate that B. pseudomallei synthesizes lipid A species with long-chain FA C14:0(2-OH) and Ara4N-modified phosphate groups, allowing it to evade innate immune recognition.
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Hollaus, Ralph, Paul Kosma i Alla Zamyatina. "Stereoselective Synthesis of α- and β-l-Ara4N Glycosyl H-Phosphonates and a Neoglycoconjugate Comprising Glycosyl Phosphodiester Linked β-l-Ara4N". Organic Letters 19, nr 1 (23.12.2016): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03358.
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Shimomura, Hirofumi, Motohiro Matsuura, Shinji Saito, Yoshikazu Hirai, Yasunori Isshiki i Kazuyoshi Kawahara. "Unusual Interaction of a Lipopolysaccharide Isolated from Burkholderia cepacia with Polymyxin B". Infection and Immunity 71, nr 9 (wrzesień 2003): 5225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.9.5225-5230.2003.
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ABSTRACT We have demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) obtained from Burkholderia cepacia, an important opportunistic pathogen, has unique characteristics in both structure and activity. One of the structural characteristics is that the B. cepacia LPS has 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (Ara4N) in its inner core region. Polymyxin B (PmxB) is known to act as an LPS antagonist, but LPS with Ara4N is suggested to be PmxB resistant by decreasing the binding capability of PmxB. Interaction of B. cepacia LPS with PmxB was investigated and compared with that of a reference LPS of Salmonella enterica serovar Abortusequi, referred to hereafter as the reference LPS. B. cepacia LPS suffered no suppressive effect of PmxB in its activity to stimulate murine peritoneal macrophages for induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 even when the activity of the reference LPS was completely suppressed. A characteristic of B. cepacia LPS is that it has selectively weak interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-inducing activity while activity to induce TNF-α and IL-6 has been shown to be as strong as that of the reference LPS. Remarkably, PmxB augmented the IL-1β-inducing activity of B. cepacia LPS to the level of that of the reference LPS and, in contrast, completely suppressed the strong activity of the reference LPS. Using PmxB-immobilized beads, the adsorbances of these LPSs to the beads were compared, and it was found that B. cepacia LPS bound to PmxB with a high affinity similar to that of the reference LPS. These results indicate an unusual interaction of B. cepacia LPS with PmxB whereby B. cepacia LPS not only allows the binding of PmxB with high affinity, even though it contains Ara4N, but also suffers no suppressive effect of PmxB on its activity. Moreover, a remarkable increase in its IL-1β-inducing activity was also observed.
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Cervoni, Matteo, Davide Sposato, Alessandra Lo Sciuto i Francesco Imperi. "Regulatory Landscape of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phosphoethanolamine Transferase Gene eptA in the Context of Colistin Resistance". Antibiotics 12, nr 2 (18.01.2023): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020200.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa has the genetic potential to acquire colistin resistance through the modification of lipopolysaccharide by the addition of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N) or phosphoethanolamine (PEtN), mediated by the arn operon or the eptA gene, respectively. However, in vitro evolution experiments and genetic analysis of clinical isolates indicate that lipopolysaccharide modification with L-Ara4N is invariably preferred over PEtN addition as the colistin resistance mechanism in this bacterium. Since little is known about eptA regulation in P. aeruginosa, we generated luminescent derivatives of the reference strain P. aeruginosa PAO1 to monitor arn and eptA promoter activity. We performed transposon mutagenesis assays to compare the likelihood of acquiring mutations leading to arn or eptA induction and to identify eptA regulators. The analysis revealed that eptA was slightly induced under certain stress conditions, such as arginine or biotin depletion and accumulation of the signal molecule diadenosine tetraphosphate, but the induction did not confer colistin resistance. Moreover, we demonstrated that spontaneous mutations leading to colistin resistance invariably triggered arn rather than eptA expression, and that eptA was not induced in resistant mutants upon colistin exposure. Overall, these results suggest that the contribution of eptA to colistin resistance in P. aeruginosa may be limited by regulatory restraints.
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Rubin, Erica J., Carmen M. Herrera, Alexander A. Crofts i M. Stephen Trent. "PmrD Is Required for Modifications to Escherichia coli Endotoxin That Promote Antimicrobial Resistance". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, nr 4 (20.01.2015): 2051–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.05052-14.
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ABSTRACTInSalmonella enterica, PmrD is a connector protein that links the two-component systems PhoP-PhoQ and PmrA-PmrB. WhileEscherichia coliencodes a PmrD homolog, it is thought to be incapable of connecting PhoPQ and PmrAB in this organism due to functional divergence from theS. entericaprotein. However, our laboratory previously observed that low concentrations of Mg2+, a PhoPQ-activating signal, leads to the induction of PmrAB-dependent lipid A modifications in wild-typeE. coli(C. M. Herrera, J. V. Hankins, and M. S. Trent, Mol Microbiol 76:1444–1460, 2010,http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07150.x). These modifications include phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) and 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (l-Ara4N), which promote bacterial resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) when affixed to lipid A. Here, we demonstrate thatpmrDis required for modification of the lipid A domain ofE. colilipopolysaccharide (LPS) under low-Mg2+growth conditions. Further, RNA sequencing shows thatE. colipmrDinfluences the expression ofpmrAand its downstream targets, including genes coding for the modification enzymes that transfer pEtN andl-Ara4N to the lipid A molecule. In line with these findings, apmrDmutant is dramatically impaired in survival compared with the wild-type strain when exposed to the CAMP polymyxin B. Notably, we also reveal the presence of an unknown factor or system capable of activatingpmrDto promote lipid A modification in the absence of the PhoPQ system. These results illuminate a more complex network of protein interactions surrounding activation of PhoPQ and PmrAB inE. colithan previously understood.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Ara4N"
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Beltran, Costa Oriol. "Es aranesi adaptació a l'entorn i organització social al Pirineu central /". Barcelona : Publicacions universitat de Barcelona, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39178017w.
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Garcia, Ernesto. ""Necessary Contempt" : an analysis of Martin McDonagh's Aran Island trilogy". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33714.
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In a narrative sense, how does a point of view create imaginable space in Martin McDonagh’s Aran Island Trilogy? And what role does bricolage, selective intertextuality, and postmodern pastiche play in the construction of imaginable space? McDonagh’s Aran Island Trilogy is a complex postmodern construction. It is not simply an appropriation of an iconic location, even though that is part of it, but something more of a subjective response which depends for its strength on a conviction that representation on stage is a form of truth. My research utilizes scholarship on the Aran Islands in conjunction with poets, filmmakers, and playwrights who engaged with these particular islands imaginatively. I illustrate how their diverse points of view created imaginable space that builds from a special place in western Irish imagery, a place that owes much to the late nineteenth century. Also, my examination focuses on McDonagh’s Aran Island Trilogy. These plays represent a new mix of messages, symbols, and cultures that reflect the postmodern condition. I employ two important postmodern thinkers to analyse McDonagh’s work through a postmodern filter: Umberto Eco for his theory of intertextuality, and Charles Jencks’ argument that postmodernism involves double coding the representation of modernism with something else----some Other. My research makes use of Robert Warshow and Carol Clover’s analysis of film genres: the Western and the slasher film. Also, I interrogate John Waters’ evaluation of McDonagh as a punk rock playwright in conjunction with the punk rock aesthetics of Shane MacGowan and the Pogues. These studies offer a methodological framework for my analysis of McDonagh’s style of representation: I argue that McDonagh’s punk-inspired mockery hollows out the primitivist representation of the Aran Islands and fills it with a postmodern plurality. Furthermore, the unsettling effect in McDonagh’s Aran Island Trilogy is due largely to the fact that he yokes the screen to the stage, and he fuses elements from the classical canon of Irish drama with popular genres from American cinema.
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Burke, Anne Catherine. "Performing ethnography : the photograph as a measure of difference on the Aran Island". Thesis, University of Ulster, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529555.
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Teixeira, Renato Augusto. "An?lise clad?stica de Titidius Simon, 1895 (Thomisidae: Thomisinae: Tmarini)". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/184.
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Previous issue date: 2010-02-19A monofilia de Titidius Simon, 1895, que atualmente possui 21 esp?cies descritas, foi testada atrav?s de uma an?lise clad?stica. A matrix de dados foi composta de 31 t?xons e 73 caracteres, que resultaram em seis ?rvores igualmente parcimoniosas de 134 passos (IC = 65; IR= 85; ICR=55). A ?rvore de consenso foi utilizada para discutir a rela??o de Titidius e dos outros g?neros de Tmarini, assim como para propor dois g?neros novos: Lystrarachne gen. nov. e Somatochromus gen. nov.. Titidius rubrosignatus (Keyserling), T. galbanatus (Keyserling), T. quinquenotatus Mello-Leit?o, T. rubescens Caporiacco, T.caninde Esm?rio & Lise,, T. guripi Esm?rio & Lise e Titidius urucu Esm?rio & Lise s?o mantidas em Titidius. A f?mea de T. galbanatus (Keyserling) ? descrita pela primeira vez neste trabalho. Duas esp?cies s?o transferidas de Titidius para Lystrarachne gen. nov.: L. curvilineata (Mello-Leit?o) comb. nov. e L. multifasciata (Mello-Leit?o) comb. nov. Outras duas esp?cies s?o descritas para este novo g?nero: Lystrarachne minima sp. nov., do sudeste e sul do Brasil, e L. similaris sp. nov., de S?o Paulo, Brasil. Oito esp?cies s?o transferidas de Titidius para Somatochromus gen. nov.: S. albifrons (Mello-Leit?o) comb. nov., S. difficilis (Mello-Leit?o) comb. nov., S. dubius (Mello-Leit?o) comb. nov., S. marmoratus (Mello-Leit?o) comb. nov., S. uncatus (Mello-Leit?o) comb. nov., S. albiscriptus (Mello-Leit?o) comb. nov., S. haemorrhous (Mello-Leit?o) comb. nov. e S. pauper (Mello-Leit?o) comb. nov.. Uma esp?cie nova ? descrita para Somatochromus gen. nov.: S. unciferus sp. nov., do sudeste e sul do Brasil. A esp?cie Titidius brasiliensis Mello-Leit?o ? considerada um lapsus calami, referindo-se ? Titiotus brasiliensis (Tengeliidae). As esp?cies Titidius ignestii Caporiacco e T. longicaudatus Mello-Leit?o s?o foram inclu?das na an?lise por serem jovens e, portanto, permanecem em incertae sedis. Titidius dubitatus Soares & Soares, 1947 ? considerada incertae sedis, pois n?o est? monofileticamente relacionada ? Titidius. Esta esp?cie constituiu um clado com duas esp?cies neotropicais de Tmarus, T. elongatus e T. polyandrus. O cladograma sugere que Tmarus seja polifil?tico, pois a esp?cie-tipo do g?nero Tmarus, T. piger, apresentou-se como esp?cie basal de todos os Tmarini, n?o estando monofileticamente relacionada ao clado dos Tmarus neotropicais. Lystrarachne e Somatochromus aparecem como g?neros irm?os e derivados em rela??o ? Acentroscelus, o qual ? basal aos dois g?neros novos. Titidius ? irm?o deste clado que relaciona Acentroscelus + (Lystrarachne + Somatochromus).
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Francisco, Rafael Carlo. "An?lise clad?stica de Philodromidae thorell, 1870 (Arachnida: Araneae)". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6126.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq
This work is a cladistic study of Philodromidae Thorell, 1870 at genera level. The family currently have 549 species in 30 genera. Its distribution covers the temperate and tropical regions. Although many authors have studied the family and proposing a systematic classification, no cladistic analysis yet studied the internal relations of the family with a wide sampling of genres. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the genera of Philodromidae and test its monophyly. In the analysis were included 73 species, with representatives of 22 genera of the 30 total family genera and seven species from four families included as outgroups, which were respectively Salticidae, Thomisidae and Sparassidae with two species and representatives for rooting was selected one spiceie of Selenopidae. Where analyzed 130 characters somatic at 80 terminals via heuristic search with equal weighing of characters. The analysis resulted in 61 maximally parsimonious trees of 720 steps, with equal weights. The results at the two analyses have found thath the family is monophyletic. The analysis also indicated three groups of genres that are proposed in this study as subfamilies: Pedinopisthinae, Thanatinae and Philodrominae. Two subfamilies (Thanatinae and Philodrominae) partially match tribes previously proposed in other studies. Many of the diagnostic characters of the show are homopl?sicos genres. Cleocnemis and Philodromus shown to be paraphyletic and some monotypic genera were sinonimizados. This result allowed the development of a dichotomous key to genus, which is accompanied by the diagnosis and illustrations of the genera and species used in cladistic analysis.
Este trabalho ? um estudo clad?stico de Philodromidae Thorell, 1870 ao n?vel de g?nero. A fam?lia atualmente agrupa 549 esp?cies em 30 g?neros. Sua distribui??o abrange as regi?es temperadas e tropicais. Apesar de v?rios autores terem estudado a fam?lia propondo uma sistem?tica, nenhuma an?lise cladistica at? o momento estudou as rela??es internas da fam?lia com uma amostragem ampla dos g?neros. O presente trabalho visou analisar as rela??es entre os g?neros de Philodromidae. Na an?lise foram inclu?das 73 esp?cies, com representantes de 22 g?neros, dos 30 g?neros da fam?lia, e sete esp?cies de quatro fam?lias inclu?das como grupo externo, sendo elas respectivamente Salticidae, Thomisidae e Sparassidae com duas esp?cies representantes de cada fam?lia. Para o enraizamento foi selecionado uma esp?cie de Selenopidae. Foram analisados 130 caracteres som?ticos em 80 terminais atrav?s de busca heur?stica com pesagem igual dos caracteres. A an?lise resultou em 61 ?rvores maximamente parcimoniosas de 720 passos, com pesos iguais dos caracteres. Os resultados recuperam a monofilia da fam?lia. A an?lise tamb?m indicou tr?s agrupamentos de g?neros que s?o propostos neste estudo como subfam?lias: Pedinopisthinae, Thanatinae e Philodrominae. Duas subfam?lias (Thanatinae e Philodrominae) correspondem parcialmente a tribos propostas anteriormente por outros autores. Muitos dos caracteres diagn?sticos dos g?neros demonstram serem homopl?sicos. Cleocnemis e Philodromus demonstram ser parafil?ticos e alguns g?neros monot?picos foram sinonimizados. Este resultado permitiu a elabora??o de uma chave dicot?mica ao n?vel de g?nero, que ? acompanhada da diagnose e ilustra??es dos g?neros e das esp?cies que foram utilizadas na an?lise clad?stica.
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Silva, Miguel Machado da. "An?lise clad?stica e revis?o taxon?mica de Tobias Simon, 1895 (Araneae, Thomisidae, Stephanopinae)". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6658.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Since the original proposition of Thomisidae, much has been discussed about its taxonomy and intra-family relations. The subfamily Stephanopinae comprises individuals characterized by the presence of cheliceral teeth and by the anterior legs stronger and larger than the posterior ones, however, the monophyly of this group has not been corroborated due their dubious diagnostic characters and by the lack of revisional studies on several of its component genera. A phylogenetic analysis followed by a morphological revision of the spider genus Tobias Simon, 1895 are performed. The analysis is based on a matrix with 29 terminal taxa (7 in ingroup and 22 in outgroup) scored for 87 morphological characters. The implied weighting analysis resulted in one most parcimonious tree with 294 steps obtained in 16 distortion groups, which support that Tobias is paraphyletic with Epicadus Simon, 1895, and considered its junior synonym. Onocolus Simon, 1895 emerge as the sister group of Epicadus. Epicadus pulcher Mello-Leit?o, 1929 comb. nov. is considered senior synonym of Epicadus epicadoides Mello-Leit?o comb. nov., 1944 and Epicadus regius Birab?n, 1955 comb. nov., Epicadus granulatus Banks, 1909 is proposed as senior synonym of Epicadus inermis Mello-Leit?o, 1929 comb. nov., Epicadus camelinus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) comb. nov. is considered senior synonym of Epicadus martinezi Birab?n, 1955 comb. nov. and Epicadus trituberculatus (Taczanowski, 1872) comb. nov. is considered senior synonym of Epicadus paraguayensis Mello-Leit?o, 1929 comb. nov. and Epicadus planus Mello-Leit?o, 1932. New distribution records and redescriptions are provided. The species latter described in Tobias, Epicadus caudatus Mello-Leit?o, 1929 comb. nov., Epicadus pustulosus Mello-Leit?o comb. nov., 1929, and also the original species Epicadus heterogaster (Gu?rin, 1829) and Epicadus rubripes Mello-Leit?o, 1924 were recently revised, thus, they were not described in the present study. After the cladistics analysis, Epicadus now comprises 9 species.
Desde a proposi??o original de Thomisidae, muito se tem discutido a respeito de sua taxonomia e rela??es intrafamiliares. A subfam?lia Stephanopinae ? formada por indiv?duos caracterizados pela presen?a de dentes nas quel?ceras e pernas anteriores maiores e mais robustas que as posteriores, no entanto, a monofilia deste grupamento n?o tem sido corroborada em fator dos caracteres diagn?sticos d?bios e pelo grande n?mero de g?neros que ainda n?o foram submetidos a estudos revisivos. No presente trabalho s?o apresentadas uma an?lise clad?stica e uma revis?o taxonomica do g?nero Tobias Simon, 1895. A an?lise ? baseada em uma matriz com 29 t?xons terminais (7 no grupo interno e 22 no grupo externo) e 87 caracteres morfol?gicos. A an?lise de pesagem impl?cita resultou em uma ?rvore mais parcimoniosa obtida em 16 grupos de distor??o e com 294 passos, que suportam Tobias como um grupo parafil?tico com Epicadus Simon, 1895, e seu sin?nimo j?nior. Onocolus Simon, 1895 surgiu como grupo irm?o de Epicadus. Epicadus pulcher Mello-Leit?o, 1929 comb. nov. ? considerado sin?nimo s?nior de Epicadus epicadoides Mello-Leit?o comb. nov., 1944 e Epicadus regius Birab?n, 1955 comb. nov., Epicadus granulatus Banks, 1909 ? proposto como sin?nimo s?nior de Epicadus inermis Mello-Leit?o, 1929 comb. nov., Epicadus camelinus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) comb. nov. ? considerado sin?nimo s?nior de Epicadus martinezi Birab?n, 1955 comb. nov. e Epicadus trituberculatus (Taczanowski, 1872) comb. nov. ? considerado sin?nimo s?nior de Epicadus paraguayensis Mello-Leit?o, 1929 comb. nov. e Epicadus planus Mello-Leit?o, 1932. Novos registros de distribui??o e redescri??es s?o apresentados para as esp?cies supracitadas. As esp?cies anteriormente descritas em Tobias, Epicadus caudatus Mello-Leit?o comb. nov., 1929 e Epicadus pustulosus Mello-Leit?o, 1929 comb. nov., juntamente com Epicadus heterogaster (Gu?rin, 1829) e Epicadus rubripes Mello-Leit?o, 1929 foram redescritas recentemente e portanto n?o foram inclu?das no presente estudo. Ap?s a an?lise clad?stica, Epicadus agora compreende 9 esp?cies.
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Silva, Estevam Lu?s Cruz da. "Sistem?tica e filogenia de Trechaleidae (Araneae, Lycosoidea)". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/226.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-09The first revised genus of Trechaleidae was Trechalea Thorell, 1890, by Carico (1993), after this revision, the systematic of this spider family started to be know for the Neotropical region. The cladistic analysis of the Trechaleidae genera used 64 taxa and 79 characters, including all genera formerly assigned to Trechaleidae Simon, 1890, all exemplars of all families currently placed in higher lycosoids sensu Griswold (1993), and an array of potential Lycosoid outgroups, resulted in a single most parsimonious tree of 380 steps (FIT = 56.08, K = 6, Ci = 0.26, Ri = 0.65). This analysis suggests that Psechridae is sister to an Oxyopidae + Senoculidae lineage. Ctenidae, only represented here by Ancylometes Bertkau, 1880 showed to be more related to Pisauridae. The subfamily Rhoicininae Simon, 1898 is sister group of Lycosidae and is promoted to family rank (Rhoicinidae, New Status). Shinobius orientalis (Yaginuma, 1967) is confirmed as a true member of Rhoicinidae and closely related to Heidrunea Brecovit & H?fer, 1994. Neoctenus Simon, 1897 also does not fall within Trechaleidae and is transferred to Zoridae. The family Trechaleidae is now divided in three subfamilies: Dosseninae (Dossenus Simon, 1898, New Subfamily), Enninae (Enna O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897, New Subfamily) and Trechaleinae Simon, 1890. The cladogram shows detailed resolution within the newly delimited Trechaleidae. Two new genera, Paradyrines gen. nov. and Neotrechalea gen. nov., are described and illustrated for the first time. Caricelea Silva & Lise, 2007 is synonymized with Enna O. Pickard- Cambridge, 1897. Trechalea Thorell, 1869 is sister to the clade fromed by Syntrechalea F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902. The Rhoicininae Simon, 1898 was recently removed from Trechaleidae Simon, 1869 and promoted to family rank based on the results of a morphological study made by Silva et al. (2011). The family was revised and illustrated. Rhoicinidae is composed by four genera: Barrisca Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936, Heidrunea Brescovit & H?fer, 1994, Rhoicinus Simon, 1898 and Shinobius Yaginuma, 1991. Barrisca nannella Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 (type-species) and B. kochalkai Platnick, 1978 are redescribed and illustrated. The male of B. kochalkai and a new species from Peru are described and illustrated for the first time. The types of Heidrunea Brescovit & H?fer, 1994 (H. arijana Brescovit & H?fer, 1994, H. irmleri Brescovit & H?fer, 1994 and H. lobrita Brescovit & H?fer, 1994) were photographed and illustrated. The genus Rhoicinus comprises 10 known species and all known species are redescribed and illustrated. Rhoicinus weyrauchi Exline, 1960 is a junior synonym of R. wapleri Simon, 1898. Rhoicinus cashiari sp. nov. is described and illustrated from material collected in Peru. The monotypic genus Shinobius Yaginuma, 1991 is redescribed and illustrated. Maps with the distribution of the representatives of the family are presented. Since 2008, 14 papers were published based on review papers and several new species were described and illustrated from Central and South America. The genera Enna O. P.-Cambridge, 1897 and Dyrines Simon, 1903 were revised by Silva et al. (2008) and Carico & Silva (2008), respectively. After the revision of Enna, in 2008, 13 new species were described. A new species of Dyrines was described by Silva & Lise (2010). Syntrechalea F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902 was revised by Carico (2008) and after that work, three new species were described by Silva & Lise (2008, 2010) (two from Northern Brazil and one from Colombia). Based on material from Peru, two new species of Caricelea Silva & Lise, 2007, were proposed. The male of Hesydrus caripito Carico, 2005 and a new species of Enna (Enna echarate Silva & Lise, 2009) were described. Dossenus was revised by Silva et al. (2007), and the male of Dossenus guapore Silva, Lise & Carico, 2007 and a new species from Northern Brazil (Par?) were described. The male of Paratrechalea longigaster Carico, 2005 was described and illustrated and new records of the distribution of Paratrechalea were registered to Brazil. The last trechaleid genus to be revised was Paradossenus F.O.P.- Cambridge, 1903. Carico & Silva (2010) described and illustrated six new species and Silva & Lise (2011) described the female of Paradossenus macuxi from Roraima, Brazil. And the nuptial gift behavior of the male of Trechalea amazonica F. O. Pickard- Cambridge was recorded for the first time to Par?, Brazil.
O primeiro g?nero de Trechaleidae a ser revisado foi Trechalea Thorell, 1890, trabalho este feito por Carico (1993), desde ent?o a sistem?tica desta fam?lia de aranhas foi sendo enfocada e descrita para a regi?o Neotropical. Desde 2008, 14 artigos foram publicados a partir de trabalhos revisivos e muitas esp?cies novas foram descritas nas Am?ricas Central e do Sul. A an?lise clad?stica dos g?neros de Trechaleidae foi realizada com 64 t?xons a partir de 79 caracteres morfol?gicos obtidos a partir do exame de esp?cimes, atualmente alocados em Trechaleidae (sensu Griswold 1993), resultou em uma ?nica ?rvore mais parcimoniosa, com 394 passos (FIT = 56,08, K = 6, Ci = 0,26, Ri = 0,65). A partir desta an?lise, observou-se que Psechridae agrupou-se com o clado Oxyopidae + Senoculidae. Ctenidae, representado pelo g?nero Ancylometes Bertkau, 1880, mostrou-se mais pr?ximo de Pisauridae. A subfam?lia Rhoicininae ? grupo irm?o de Lycosidae, n?o pertencendo ? Trechaleidae, e ? promovida aos status de fam?lia (Rhoicinidae). Shinobius orientalis (Yaginuma, 1967) foi confirmado como membro de Rhoicinidae e relacionado ? Heidrunea Brescovit & H?fer, 1994. Neoctenus Simon, 1897 n?o pertence ? Trechaleidae e ? transferido para Zoridae. A fam?lia Trechaleidae agora ? dividida em tr?s subfam?lias: Dosseninae (Dossenus Simon, 1898, Nova Subfam?lia), Enninae (Enna O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897, Nova Subfam?lia) e Trechaleinae Simon, 1890. Dois novos g?neros foram propostos: Paradyrines gen. nov. e Neotrechalea gen. nov., descritos pela primeira vez. Caricelea Silva & Lise, 2007 foi sinonimizado com Enna O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897. O g?nero-tipo, Trechalea Thorell, 1869, ? mais relacionado ao clado formado por Syntrechalea F. O. Pickard- Cambridge, 1902. Rhoicininae Simon, 1898 foi promovida ao status de fam?lia ap?s a an?lise filogen?tica de Trechaleidae Simon, 1869 feita por Silva et al. (in press). Rhoicinidae ? atualmente compostra por quatro g?neros: Barrisca Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936, Heidrunea Brescovit & H?fer, 1994, Rhoicinus Simon, 1898 e Shinobius Yaginuma, 1991. Barrisca nannella Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 (esp?cie-tipo) e B. kochalkai Platnick, 1978 foram redescritas e ilustradas. O macho de B. kochalkai e uma nova esp?cie do Peru foram descritas e ilustradas pela primeira vez. Os representantes de Heidrunea Brescovit & H?fer, 1994 (H. arijana Brescovit & H?fer, 1994, H. irmleri Brescovit & H?fer, 1994 e H. lobrita Brescovit & H?fer, 1994) foram fotografados e ilustrados. Rhoicinus ? composto por 10 esp?cies conhecidas e todas foram redescritas e ilustradas. Rhoicinus weyrauchi Exline, 1960 foi considerado sin?nimo j?nior de R. wapleri Simon, 1898. Rhoicinus cashiari sp. nov. ? descrito e ilustrado com base em material proveniente do Peru. O g?nero monot?pico Shinobius Yaginuma, 1991 ? redescrito e ilustrado. Mapa com a distribui??o dos representantes de Rhoicinidae ? apresentado. A partir do material obtido por empr?stimo para ser utilizado na an?lise filogen?tica de Trechaleidae, muitas esp?cies novas e novos registros foram observados. Esse novo material foi descrito a partir de trabalhos revisivos previamente publicados e reunidos em uma compila??o de artigo publicaods durante o per?odo de desenvolvimento desta Tese de Doutorado. Os g?neros Enna O. P.-Cambridge, 1897 e Dyrines Simon, 1903 foram revisados por Silva et al. (2008) e Carico & Silva (2008), respectivamente. Ap?s a revis?o de Enna, em 2008, foram descritas 13 novas esp?cies. Uma nova esp?cie de Dyrines foi descrita por Silva & Lise (2010). Syntrechalea F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1902 foi revisada por Carico (2008) e foram descritas tr?s esp?cies novas, Silva & Lise (2008, 2010) descreveram tr?s novas esp?cies (duas no norte do Brasil e uma da Col?mbia). Com base em material proveniente do Peru foram descritas duas novas esp?cies de Caricelea Silva & Lise, 2007, o macho de Hesydrus caripito Carico, 2005 e uma esp?cie nova de Enna (Enna echarate Silva & Lise, 2009). Dossenus foi revisado por Silva et al. (2007), e o macho de Dossenus guapore Silva, Lise & Carico, 2007 foi descrito e uma esp?cie nova do norte do Brasil (Par?). O macho de Paratrechalea longigaster Carico, 2005 foi descrito e ilustrado e novos registros de distribui??o do g?nero no Brasil foram efetivados. O ?ltimo g?nero de Trechaleidae a ser revisado foi Paradossenus F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1903. Carico & Silva (2010) descreveram seis esp?cies novas e Silva & Lise (2011) descreveram a f?mea de Paradossenus macuxi de Roraima, Brasil. O comportamento de presente nupcial do macho de Trechalea amazonica F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1903 foi registrado no Par?, Brasil.
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Mungu?a, Williams Paredes. "Phylogenetic relationships of the wolf spider genus Orinocosa Chamberlin, 1916 : (Araneae, Lycosidae)". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2013. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/249.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-27There are few studies that have tried to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of Lycosidae until now. The current studies on phylogeny used genes to discover and explain the intergeneric relationships of the family. In this work, all the Orinocosa species distributed worldwide and poor little known genus of Lycosidae was studied. Orinocosa species were analyzed to discover their internal and external phylogenetic relationships. A total of 27 taxa were placed as internal group and 23 taxa belonging to 17 genera, which formed the outgroup were analyzed. A total of 114 characters were obtained in this analysis, most binary and discrete, between sexual and non-sexual. The out-group was represented by at least two species of four subfamilies considered in this study, making a total of 52 taxa analyzed. Agalenocosa was one of the genera included in a data matrix phylogenetic here for the first time. The construction of the data matrix was made in the program Mesquite and the resulting trees, as well as the consensus tree have been edited in Winclada. Data were analyzed by heuristic search and then the new technologies included in the software ASADO that uses the algorithms of TNT and NONA. This analysis resulted in a total of five most parsimonious trees, each fully resolved, with the following values for consensus: L = 884, C = 18 and R = 40. The value of Bremmer support to Orinocosa was two; for the rest of the branches varied between one and three. Orinocosa sensu stricto emerged as a polyphyletic group. The new proposal of Orinocosa was supported by two non-homoplasious characters: absence of stridulatory organ and ventral keel of Median Apophysis straight. From all species belonging and revised to the group of Orinocosa, 60% of them do not belong to the genus. In conclusion, the merely female of Orinocosa aymara correspond to the original description, the other species did not fit with the concept of Orinocosa and will be transferred based on the diagnostic generic characters in a future proposal. Of the 21 morphospecies of Orinocosa, only 16 were grouped within the genus. The remaining morphospecies were allocated outside the genre, probably because the only female in each terminal. Trochosa proved to be the sister group of Orinocosa. It is suggested in the future to include more Trochosa species to get wider and complete resolution.
Poucas foram ?s pesquisas que tentaram resolver as rela??es filogen?ticas de Lycosidae ate agora. Os estudos mais atualizados sob filogenia de Lycosidae usaram genes para descobrir e explicar as rela??es inter-gen?ricas das mesmas. Neste trabalho, se estudaram as esp?cies de Orinocosa, um g?nero pouco conhecido da fam?lia Lycosidae distribu?da mundialmente. As esp?cies de Orinocosa foram analisadas para descobrir suas rela??es filogen?ticas internas e externas. Analisaram-se um total de 27 t?xons colocados como grupo interno e 25 t?xons pertencentes a 16 g?neros, que formaram o grupo externo. Extra?ram-se um total de 114 caracteres nesta an?lise, a maioria deles bin?rios e discretos, entre sexuais e n?o sexuais. O grupo externo foi representado por pelo menos duas esp?cies das quatro subfam?lias consideradas neste estudo, perfazendo um total de 52 t?xons analisados. Agalenocosa foi um dos g?neros inclu?do numa matriz de dados filogen?ticos aqui pela primeira vez. A constru??o da matriz de dados foi feita no programa Mesquite e as ?rvores resultantes, assim como a ?rvore de consenso, foram editadas no Winclada. Os dados foram analisados usando buscas heur?sticas e posteriormente as Novas Tecnologias do software ASADO que usa os algoritmos de TNT e NONA juntos. Esta analise resultou em um total de cinco ?rvores mais parcimoniosas, cada uma totalmente resolvida, com os seguintes valores para o consenso: L = 884, Ci = 18 e Ri = 40. O valor de suporte de Bremmer para Orinocosa foi de dois; para o resto dos ramos variaram entre um e tr?s. Orinocosa sensu estricto emergiu como um grupo polifil?tico. A nova proposta de Orinocosa ? suportada por dois caracteres n?o-homopl?sicos: aus?ncia de ?rg?o estridulatorio e a quilha ventral da Ap?fise Media reto. De todas as esp?cies revisadas que pertencem ao elenco de Orinocosa, o 60% delas n?o pertenceriam ao g?nero. Em conclus?o, apenas a f?mea de Orinocosa aymara corresponderia com a descri??o original; as demais esp?cies n?o se encaixaram com o conceito de Orinocosa e ser?o transferidos baseando se nos caracteres gen?ricos diagn?sticos. Das 21 morfoesp?cies de Orinocosa, somente 16 se agruparam dentro do g?nero. As morfoespecies restantes se alocaram fora do g?nero provavelmente por ter somente a f?mea em cada terminal. Trochosa resultou ser o grupo irm?o de Orinocosa. Sugere-se no futuro, incluir mais esp?cies de Trochosa para obter resolu??es mais amplas e completas.
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Lo, Man Hung Nancy Fran?a. "An?lise clad?stica das subfam?lias de Hahniidae Bertkau, 1878 : (Arachnida, Araneae)". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2013. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/264.
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Previous issue date: 2013-06-28The present work aimed to study the phylogenetic relationships and test the monophyly of the subfamilies of Hahniidae. Thus, this study was divided into two parts: the first is an introduction consisting of a brief literature review on Hahniidae and, the second part is written manuscript for publication in English: Article: Cladistic analysis of the subfamilies of the comb-tailed spider (Araneae: Hahniidae), manuscript will be submitted to Zoologica Scripta (Factor 2913 - A1). In the manuscript we performed a parsimony analysis with heuristic search, characters unordered and with equal weights for all characters, resulting in relationship hypothesis (L = 412, CI = 37, RI = 53) between 30 terminals and 106 morphological characters, 63 somatic, 42 sexual and one from behavior. This is the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the family based on morphological characters and composed of members of all three subfamilies of Hahniidae. The ingroup was composed of 14 species of Hahniinae, five species of Cybaeolinae, five species of Cryphoecinae, two species incertae sedis, and the outgroup composed of members of Dictynidae, Cybaeidae, Agelenidae and Amaurobidae. In this hypothesis, Hahniidae as is currently defined, is not a monophyletic group, Cryphoecinae is monophyletic and related with Cybaeidae and Dictynidae, other hahniids appear as the sister group to Dictynidae. Both, Cybaeolinae and Hahniinae are not a monophyletic group. Cybaeolinae seems to be composed only by gender Cybaeolus, while for Hahniinae more studies are needed to define the relationships between the genera that comprise this subfamily, especially an extensive review of the genus Hahnia.
O presente trabalho visou estudar as rela??es filogen?ticas e testar o monofiletismo das subfam?lias de Hahniidae. Sendo assim, este trabalho foi dividido em duas partes: a primeira ? uma apresenta??o geral composta por uma breve revis?o liter?ria sobre Hahniidae e a segunda parte ? um artigo, redigido em ingl?s, e em formato de artigo para publica??o: Artigo: Cladistic analysis of the subfamilies of the comb-tailed spider (Araneae: Hahniidae), artigo ser? submetido para a revista Zoologica Scripta (Fator 2.913 A1). No artigo foi realizada uma an?lise de parcim?nia com buscas heur?sticas, caracteres n?o ordenados e com pesos iguais para todos os caracteres, resultando em uma hip?tese de relacionamento (L= 412, CI= 37, RI= 53) entre 30 terminais e 106 caracteres morfol?gicos, sendo 63 som?ticos, 42 sexuais e um comportamental. Esta ? a primeira hip?tese filogen?tica para a fam?lia baseada em caracteres morfol?gicos e composta por integrantes das tr?s subfam?lias de Hahniidae. O grupo interno foi composto por 14 esp?cies de Hahniinae, cinco esp?cies de Cybaeolinae, cinco esp?cies de Cryphoecinae, duas esp?cies incertae sedis e, o grupo externo composto por integrantes de Dictynidae, Cybaeidae, Agelenidae e Amaurobidae. Nesta hip?tese, Hahniidae como est? atualmente delimitada, n?o ? um agrupamento monofil?tico, Cryphoecinae ? monofil?tico e parece relacionada com Cybaeidae e Dictynidae, os demais hahniideos aparecem como grupo irm?o de Dictynidae. Tanto Cybaeolinae quanto Hahniinae n?o formam um grupo monofil?tico. Cybaeolinae parece ser composta apenas pelo g?nero Cybaeolus, enquanto que para Hahniinae s?o necess?rios mais estudos para definir os relacionamentos entre os g?neros que comp?em esta subfam?lia, especialmente uma revis?o extensiva do g?nero Hahnia.
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Braul, J?nior Augusto. "Revis?o sistem?tica das esp?cies de Vinnius Simon, 1902 e a proposi??o de dois novos g?neros (Araneae, Salticidae)". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 1998. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/268.
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Previous issue date: 1998-12-28The genus Vinnius was proposed by Simon in 1902. The species included in it up to now are: Vinnius subfasciatus (C. L. Koch, 1846), Vinnius maculaticeps Simon, 1902, Vinnius uncatus Simon, 1902, Vinnius carinatus Simon, 1902, Vinnius calcarifer Simon, 1902, Vinnius lartiguei Simon, 1903, Vinnius petropolis (MeIlo-Leit?o, 1943), Vinnius reticulatus Mello-Leit?o, 1943 and Vinnius paranaensis Mello-Leit?o, 1947, all from the Neotropical Region. After the examen of the types of all species it was possible to evidence that Vinnius calcarifer Simon, 1902 and Vinnius carinatus Simon, 1902 are not congeneric with Vinnius maculaticeps Simon, 1902, the type-species selected by him for the new proposed genus. Supported by this fact, two new genera are proposed. The genus Arnoliseus, with two species, A. caicarifer (Simon, 1902), a new combination and A. graciosa sp.n. and the genus Frespera also with two species, F. carinata (Simon, 1902), new combination and F. meridionalis sp.n. Vinnius maculaticeps is consideres a junior synonym of Vinnius subfasciatus (C.L.Koch, 1846), Vinnius Iartiguei Simon, 1903 of Vinnius uncatus Simon, 1902 and Vinnius paranaensis Mello-Leit?o, 1947 of Vinnius calcarifer. Vinnius reticulatus Mello-Leit?o, 1942 is transfered to the genus Chira. Vinnius petropolis is considered a species Inquirenda. After this study the genus Vinnius remains with only four species: Vinnius subfasciatus (C. L. Koch, 1846), Vinnius uncatus Simon, 1902, and the two new ones herein proposed Vinnius buzius sp.n. and Vinnius camacan sp.n. The females of Arnoliseus calcarifer (Simon, 1902) and, F. carinata (Simon, 1902) are described for the first time.
O g?nero Vinnius Simon, 1902, apresenta nove esp?cies: V. subfasciatus (C. L. Koch, 1846), Vinnius maculaticeps Simon, 1902, V. Uncatus Simon, 1902, V. carinatus Simon, 1902, V. calcarifer Simon, 1902, V. Iartiguei Simon, 1903, V. petropolis (Mello-Leit?o, 1943), V. reticulatus Meio-Leit?o, 1943, V. paranaensis Mello-Leit?o, 1947 todas Neotropicais. Com o estudo dos tipos, p?de- se comprovar que Vinnius calcarifer Simon, 1902 e V. carinatus Simon, 1902 n?o s?o congen?ricas com V. maculaticeps Simon, 1902, esp?cie-tipo do g?nero, o que torna possivel a proposi??o de dois novos g?neros. Prop?e-se o g?nero Arnoliseus para abrigar A. calcarifer (Simon, 1902) comb. nov, e mais uma nova esp?cie; A. graciosa sp.n e o g?nero Frespera para abrigar F. carinata (Simon, 1902) comb. nov e Frespera meridionalis sp.n. Vinnius maculaticeps ? considerado sin?nimo j?nior de Vinnius subfasciatus; V. lartiguei de V. Uncatus, V. paranaensis Mello-Leit?o de A. calcarifer, e V. reticulatus ? transferido para Chira. Vinnius petropolis ? considerado species Inquirenda. O g?nero Vinnius fica restrito ? apenas quatro esp?cies; V. subfasciatus, V. uncatus e duas novas; V. buzius sp.n. e V. camacan sp.n. Descreve-se pela primeira vez, as f?meas de A. calcarifer (Simon, 1902) e Frespera carinata (Simon, 1902).
Książki na temat "Ara4N"
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Parkhutik, Vera. Tierra y Arán. Madrid: Transversal, 2004.
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Aran knitting. Mineola, N.Y: Dover Publications, 2010.
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Aran knitting. Loveland, Colo: Interweave Press, 1997.
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Canter, John. Aran song. Indreabhán, Connemara: Cló Iar-Chonnachta, 1995.
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An Aran keening. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2002.
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Synge, J. M. The Aran Islands. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
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Synge, J. M. The Aran Islands. Evanston, Ill: Marlboro Press/Northwestern, 1999.
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Window on Aran. Ennis, Ireland: Book Gallery, 2003.
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Synge, J. M. Les îles Aran. Rennes: Terre de brume, 2000.
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An Aran keening. Dublin: Lilliput Press, 2001.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Ara4N"
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Grene, Nicholas. "Synge’s Aran". W Synge, 19–40. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07672-7_2.
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Flaherty, Robert. "Man of Aran". W 100 Documentary Films, 130–32. London: British Film Institute, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84457-551-0_54.
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Ahmed, Ishtiaq. "Shyama's Arain Roots in Lahore". W Pre-Partition Punjab’s Contribution to Indian Cinema, 83–85. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003406266-16.
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Schäfer, Wilfried, i Rein A. Zondergeld. "Vos, Jan: Aran en Titus". W Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_20484-1.
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McCourt, John. "Into the West: Joyce on Aran". W Joyce’s Non-Fiction Writings, 127–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72242-9_7.
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Suils, Jordi, i Àngel Huguet. "5. The Occitan Speech Community of the Aran Valley". W Multilingualism in Spain, redaktor M. Teresa Turell, 141–64. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781853597107-008.
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Gilmartin, Elizabeth. "“Magnificent Words and Gestures”: Defining the Primitive in Synge’s The Aran Islands". W Irish Modernism and the Global Primitive, 63–76. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230617193_4.
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Movahedi, M., E. Chitgari, M. Yazdi i A. Khakzad. "Geochemical exploration in igneous rocks of the Tootyzar area, Aran, central Iran". W Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 1019–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27946-6_260.
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Slater, Eamonn. "5. Constructing an Exotic ‘Stroll’ through Irish Heritage: The Aran Islands Heritage Centre". W Irish Tourism, redaktorzy Michael Cronin i Barbara O’Connor, 104–21. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781873150559-007.
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"∞arain". W The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles. Fairchild Books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365072.612.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Ara4N"
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Gong, Chuanqi, Sheng Wu i Yanmin Jing. "ARAN protocol analysis and improvement". W 2012 3rd International Conference on System Science, Engineering Design and Manufacturing Informatization (ICSEM). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icssem.2012.6340883.
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Ahn, Se-Jin, Woo-Seong An, Tak-Kee Lee i Kyungsik Choi. "An Analysis on the Change of Ship Speed According to Ice Load Signal in Continuous Icebreaking and Ramming". W ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77638.
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Recently, the research activities by domestic and overseas researchers using the Korean ice-breaking research vessel, ARAON have been actively conducted. The ARAON regularly operates for research activities in the Antarctic and the Arctic Ocean every year. She conducts many scientific and engineering tasks including ice load measurement, investigation of the properties of material strength for sea ice, and icebreaking performance test during her voyages. Such tests provide important data for studying icebreaker. Ice-breaking mode is determined by conditions of sea ice and ice field, and it is divided into ramming and continuous icebreaking. When the icebreaker meets thick ice or icebergs, the ramming is conducted. At that time, the ship speed is generally slower than that of the continuous icebreaking. The ARAON conducted icebreaking performance tests at the Amundsen Sea in Antarctica in 2012. Many strain data were measured in the ramming and the continuous icebreaking. This study was based on the strain gauge signals measured by the ARAON during the research voyage in 2012 in the Antarctic and 2010 in the Arctic. The signals measured from repetitive ramming under the heavy ice condition in 2012 in the Antarctic Ocean were classified into the five profiles. And the classified ice load signals were analyzed with a focus on raising time, half-decaying time and total time duration. Also, the signals measured from continuous icebreaking in 2010 in the Arctic Ocean were analyzed in the same way as the ramming data. Finally, the time histories of ice load signals were summarized from the viewpoint of speed change at the time of ice load, and two data sets were compared.
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Kim, Sungchan, Insik Nho, Takkee Lee i Kyungsik Choi. "Study of Ship-Ice Collision on Ice Breaker ARAON". W ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24420.
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The interaction between a ship and sea ice is a complex process depending on the ice properties, the ice geometry and the relative velocity between the ship and the ice. The effect of important parameters such as ship speed and ice thickness on the impact force are studied by means of finite element model. Idealized ice element types are applied to finite element model in order to survey the impact force and the structural response of icebreaker ARAON subjected to sea ices. Interaction behaviors obtained by finite element model considering the varying parameters are also discussed to compare the numerical results with the design data of ARAON.
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Kim, Hyun Soo, Chun-Ju Lee i Kyungsik Choi. "The Study on the Ice Sea Trial in Chukchi Sea Using Korean Icebreaker “Araon”". W ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49482.
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The ice sea trial measurement in Chukchi Sea using research vessel Araon was performed on July 2010. It was the first voyage to the Arctic Sea. The latitude of the route was between 73 degree north to 80 degree north. Araon is the first Korean Ice breaking research vessel. The principle dimension is 110m length, 19m beam and 7.3m draft. Araon was designed to break 1.0m level ice of 630 kPa flexible ice strength. Four attempts to know the performance of the ship in Arctic region were carried out and the results were summarized in this paper. The basic datum for the sea trial such as ship speed, power of engine, wind speed, location of the ship, air temperature, drafts, heading of the ship etc., were measured during the trail in every second by the video recording. Simultaneously the ice information such as ice thickness, compressive strength, temperature of ice, snow depth, free board of ice floe were measured in each field by the coring tool, auger and compression test equipment. The ice sea trial was performed in large ice floes rather than level ice because the sea ice condition on July and August in Chukchi Sea has no uniform level ice and starts to melt. The size of four ice floes is about 100m to 300m length and 100m to 200m wide beam. It was some second year ice and most of first year ice floes. The mean flexible strength of ice was less than 250 kPa. The analysis result of the ice sea trial shows the relation between the ice thickness, ice strength, ship speed and power of engine. Araon is possible to operate at 1.5 knots in 2.5m ice thickness with 5 MW engine power when the strength of ice floe is 250 kPa. The speed reaches 3.1 knots at same ice condition if the power is increasing up to 6.6 MW. She has good performance compare to the design target (3 knots in 1.0m level ice and 630 kPa of flexible strength) but it’s come from the different ice types and low flexible ice strength. The more detail analysis result was discussed in this paper.
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Kim, Hyun Soo, Kyungsik Choi i Chun-Ju Lee. "Performance of the Korean Research Icebreaker Araon Based on Full-Scale Ice Trials in the Amundsen Sea". W SNAME 10th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice. SNAME, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2012-105.
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A speed sea trial was performed in the Amundsen Sea in February and March of 2012. The Korean ice breaking research vessel “Araon” was used to check speed performance on the big floes. Two ice trials were carried out. The time history of location, engine power & RPM(Revolution per minute) etc. during the ice trial and the trajectory of the ship are described in this paper. The measured ice properties are also discussed. The ice trial results were analyzed at different ice thicknesses, ice strengths, and power and speed levels of the ship. The analysis results are compared with model test results and ice trial results. A correction to the target ice thickness was used to compare the power and speed relation in the same ice thickness because it is very easy to know the relative speed performance of ship. The Hamburgische Schiffbau-Versuchs Anstalt (HSVA) method was applied for the correction. The speed of the Araon in big floes is higher than the speed in level ice. The speed after the correction at 10 MW of power and 103 cm of ice thickness was 5.4 knots based on analysis results.
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VanBlunk, Alexis, Andrew B. Kennedy i Rónadh Cox. "DISTRIBUTION OF COASTAL BOULDER DEPOSITS ON THE ARAN ISLANDS, IRELAND". W GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-355805.
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Mahmoud, Abdalla, Ahmed Sameh i Sherif El-Kassas. "Reputed authenticated routing for ad hoc networks protocol (reputed-ARAN)". W the 2nd ACM international workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1089803.1089999.
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Benetti, Davide, Massimo Merro i Luca Vigan. "Model Checking Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols: ARAN vs. endairA". W 2010 8th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods (SEFM 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sefm.2010.24.
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John, Alabi Ayodele, Olulope Paul Kehinde, Frank A. Ibikunle i Kareem Sunday Babatunde. "Reliability Assessment of Omu-Aran 132/33kV Transmission Substation feeders". W 2022 5th Information Technology for Education and Development (ITED). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ited56637.2022.10051618.
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Kurkure, A. M., i Bhakti Chaudhari. "Analysing credit based ARAN to detect selfish nodes in MANET". W 2014 International Conference on Advances in Engineering and Technology Research (ICAETR). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaetr.2014.7012851.
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Jin, Y. K., M. Riedel, J. K. Hong, S. I. Nam, J Y Jung, S. Y. Ha, J Y Lee i in. Overview of field operations during a 2013 research expedition to the southern Beaufort Sea on the RV Araon. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/295856.
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Riedel, M., M. Ulmi, K. W. Conway, G. Standen, A. Rosenberger, J. K. Hong, Y K Jin, H. S. Kim i S R Dallimore. Ocean bottom seismometer experiment on the Beaufort shelf and slope region conducted during Expedition ARA04C on the IBRV Araon. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/295550.
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Riedel, M., M. Ulmi, K. W. Conway, G. Standen, A. Rosenberger, J. K. Hong, Y K Jin, H. S. Kim i S R Dallimore. Ocean bottom seismometer experiment on the Beaufort shelf and slope region conducted during Expedition ARA04C on the IBRV Araon. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/295720.
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Jin, Y. K., M. M. Côté, C. K. Paull i E. L. King. 2017 Korea-Canada-U.S.A. Beaufort Sea (offshore Yukon and Northwest Territories) research program: 2017 Araon expedition (ARA08C) cruise report. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/308396.
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Riedel, M., J. K. Hong, Y. K. Jin i H. S. Kim. Refraction seismic velocity analyses from multichannel seismic data acquired during Expedition ARA04C on the IBRV Araon in the Beaufort Sea. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/295549.
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Riedel, M., J. K. Hong, Y. K. Jin, K. M. M. Rohr i M M Côté. First results on velocity analyses of multichannel seismic data acquired with the icebreaker RV Araon across the southern Beaufort Sea, offshore Yukon. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298840.
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