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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Aquatic Theme Parks"
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Zelko, Frank. "From Blubber and Baleen to Buddha of the Deep: The Rise of the Metaphysical Whale". Society & Animals 20, nr 1 (2012): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853012x614387.
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Abstract Human attitudes to various nonhuman animals have varied considerably across cultures and throughout time. While some of our responses are undoubtedly instinctive and universal—a visceral fear of large carnivores or the feeling of spontaneous warmth for creatures exhibiting high degrees of neoteny—it is clear that our attitude toward specific species is largely shaped by our innate anthropomorphism: that is, when we think about animals, we are also thinking about ourselves. There are few better examples of this than the shifting attitudes toward whales and dolphins throughout the 20th century, particularly among citizens of Western democracies. This article narrates the cultural history of this development and demonstrates how the current enchantment with whales and dolphins is primarily the result of two broad—and related—cultural developments: the modern entertainment complex, particularly cinema, television, and aquatic theme parks; and the 1960s counterculture, with its potent blend of holistic ecology, speculative neuroscience, and mysticism. The result was the creation of what we might think of as the “metaphysical whale,” a creature who has inspired the abolitionist stance toward whaling.
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Kikuda, Renata, Raylane Pereira Gomes, Aline Rodrigues Gama, Junilsom Augusto De Paula Silva, Adailton Pereira Dos Santos, Keliane Rodrigues Alves, Poliana Nascimento Arruda i in. "Evaluation of Water Quality of Buritis Lake". Water 14, nr 9 (28.04.2022): 1414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14091414.
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The implementation of natural parks in cities is a current and controversial theme. Therefore, in Lake Buritis, which is a leisure area for the population of the city of Goiatuba, Goiás, Brazil, the quality of the water was analyzed, carrying out quantitative tests of the water samples at six different points between the source and the outlet of the lake that flows into the stream, Chico À Toa. Physical–chemical tests (turbidity, pH, alkalinity, electrical conductivity, color, nitrate and hardness parameters), microbiological tests for species identification, analysis of the antimicrobial susceptibility profile, metals analysis and Allium cepa test, were performed. The total coliforms number in water samples was higher than the maximum value established by Brazilian legislation, demonstrating high fecal contamination during the spring in samples from an artesian well. The bacterial diversity found was large and there were many pathogenic bacteria. The A. cepa test demonstrated a cytotoxic potential for water from the source and outlet of Buritis Lake. Statistical tests were applied to verify existing correlations between parameters. Among the analyzed data, the highest correlation was between the color and turbidity parameters and the grouping between the metals (lead, iron, cadmium and magnesium).
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Cazcarro, Ignacio, i Naci Dilekli. "Developing the Food, Water, and Energy Nexus for Food and Energy Scenarios with the World Trade Model". Water 13, nr 17 (27.08.2021): 2354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172354.
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The food, energy, and water (FEW) nexus has gained increased attention, resulting in numerous studies on management approaches. Themes of resource use, and their subsequent scarcity and economic rents, which are within the application domain of the World Trade Model, are ripe for study, with the continuing development of forward- and backward-facing economic data. Scenarios of future food and energy demand, relating to supply chains, as well as direct and indirect resource uses, are modelled in this paper. While it is possible to generate a substantial number of economic and environmental scenarios, our focus is on the development of an overarching approach involving a range of scenarios. We intend to establish a benchmark of possibilities in the context of the debates surrounding the Paris Climate Agreement (COP21) and the Green New Deal. Our approach draws heavily from the existing literature on international agreements and targets, notably that of COP21, whose application we associate with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP). Relevant factor uses and scarcity rent increases are found and localized, e.g., on the optimal qualities of water, minerals, and land. A clear policy implication is that, in all scenarios, processes of energy transition, raw material use reduction, and recycling must be strengthened.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Aquatic Theme Parks"
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Nelson, Silvia Azevedo, i N/A. "Making Fun: Work and Organisational Practices in Australian Aquatic Theme Parks". Griffith University. Department of Management, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070823.153208.
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The Australian aquatic theme park segment is a vibrant and significant part of the Australian tourism industry because as a tourism generator it is a direct contributor to the economy and to employment growth. Research in this area can provide a deeper understanding of the complexities of the industry and its future effectiveness. Tourism organisations, such as aquatic theme parks, need to rely on the commitment and performance of a well-trained, multi-skilled workforce in order to achieve a competitive position, especially in terms of providing high quality customer service. This suggests that tourism organisations need to adopt effective organisational practices that enhance the motivation of employees and improve organisational effectiveness by providing the level of quality customer service required to become and remains competitive. Although the tourism industry in general and the theme park segment in particular make an important contribution to the Australia economy, minimal research has been undertaken to determine the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of organisational practices that influence work-related outcomes (commitment, job satisfaction and employee performance). As a related issue, no research has been undertaken to examine the perception of professionalism of employees undertaking marine science activities within Australian aquatic theme parks. Accordingly, one of the objectives of the present research was to examine the impact of organisational practices (training and communication) on affective commitment, job satisfaction and employee performance within the Australian aquatic theme park segment. The second objective was to examine whether the impact of such organisational practices on these work-related outcomes varies between employees designated to undertake marine science related activities and other theme park employees (salespersons, food and beverage and administrative). The final objective of this research was to examine whether employees designated to undertake marine science related activities perceive themselves as professionals. The Meaning of Working Theoretical Framework (based on the Meaning of Working (MOW) model developed by Westwood and Lok, 2003) is used in this research as a conceptual framework to enable a better understanding of the meanings and significance that aquatic theme park employees attach to their work roles. Understanding the basic meanings that individuals attach to their work roles provides relevant insights into the nature of employee commitment, job satisfaction and employee performance, given the apparent impact of perceived work significance on employee attitudes and behaviours. Application of the Meaning of Working Theoretical Framework therefore broadened the conceptual framework of the present research to include and clarify the central constructs of commitment, job satisfaction and employee performance in Australian aquatic theme park workplaces. The present study was undertaken with employees from three Australian aquatic theme park companies, including 'marine science employees' and 'other theme park employees', with a particular emphasis on the former group of employees. The nature of the current study suggested the value of using both quantitative and qualitative methods (mixed methods methodology) and so, the adoption of the pragmatist paradigm was appropriate in framing and answering the thesis research questions. Quantitative and qualitative methods in this study were conceptualized, designed and implemented sequentially. Quantitative methods (e.g. survey) were conducted first in order to develop a level of generalisation that not only added knowledge to the theory but also enabled a prediction in understanding levels of commitment, job satisfaction and employee performance. Qualitative methods (indepth interviews and focus group discussions) then provided in-depth information and insights into the link between organisational practices (e.g. training and communication) and work-related outcomes and perceptions of professionalism for marine science employees. The findings of this study have broadened the scope of the MOW model developed by Westwood and Lok (2003) in a number of significant and original ways. In particular, consideration of the relationship between employees and customers and analysis of the values maintained by the organisational culture and their influence on the particular subcultures within the organisations studied proved to be essential in understanding the work meanings patterns in this study. The present study further developed the MOW model by clearly demonstrating the critical role played by training and communication in influencing patterns of work meanings. In addition, this study also expanded the Westwood and Loks (2003) MOW model by including issues related to professionalism. The findings of the present study highlighted the pivotal role played by a key HRM practice (on-the-job training), which is more relevant in influencing work-related outcomes than the impact of communication processes, as demonstrated in the study data and analysis. Contrary to expectations, the findings suggested that communication processes play an indirect role in influencing organisational effectiveness, in terms of providing high quality service because of an identified gap in beliefs and behaviours regarding customer service. Both training and communication processes appeared to be relatively ineffective in reducing this ambiguity regarding customer service for both group of employees within the aquatic theme parks studied. This should lead to a re-thinking of both training and communication practices to enhance the focus on, and delivery of quality customer service. A number of suggestions are canvassed. Another major finding of this thesis indicates that marine science employees not only perceive themselves as professionals but their status (job/occupation) within the tourism community supports a perception of emerging professionalism. The results revealed in the present study have the potential to impact positively on the tourism industry in general and on the aquatic theme park segment in particular. However, it is clear from the present research that the vibrancy of the tourism industry and the aquatic theme park segment can only be enhanced with more attention to communication and training, with an emphasis on improving employee self-efficacy, especially in the area of customer service.
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Nelson, Silvia Azevedo. "Making Fun: Work and Organisational Practices in Australian Aquatic Theme Parks". Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365292.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The Australian aquatic theme park segment is a vibrant and significant part of the Australian tourism industry because as a tourism generator it is a direct contributor to the economy and to employment growth. Research in this area can provide a deeper understanding of the complexities of the industry and its future effectiveness. Tourism organisations, such as aquatic theme parks, need to rely on the commitment and performance of a well-trained, multi-skilled workforce in order to achieve a competitive position, especially in terms of providing high quality customer service. This suggests that tourism organisations need to adopt effective organisational practices that enhance the motivation of employees and improve organisational effectiveness by providing the level of quality customer service required to become and remains competitive. Although the tourism industry in general and the theme park segment in particular make an important contribution to the Australia economy, minimal research has been undertaken to determine the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of organisational practices that influence work-related outcomes (commitment, job satisfaction and employee performance). As a related issue, no research has been undertaken to examine the perception of professionalism of employees undertaking marine science activities within Australian aquatic theme parks. Accordingly, one of the objectives of the present research was to examine the impact of organisational practices (training and communication) on affective commitment, job satisfaction and employee performance within the Australian aquatic theme park segment. The second objective was to examine whether the impact of such organisational practices on these work-related outcomes varies between employees designated to undertake marine science related activities and other theme park employees (salespersons, food and beverage and administrative). The final objective of this research was to examine whether employees designated to undertake marine science related activities perceive themselves as professionals. The Meaning of Working Theoretical Framework (based on the Meaning of Working (MOW) model developed by Westwood and Lok, 2003) is used in this research as a conceptual framework to enable a better understanding of the meanings and significance that aquatic theme park employees attach to their work roles. Understanding the basic meanings that individuals attach to their work roles provides relevant insights into the nature of employee commitment, job satisfaction and employee performance, given the apparent impact of perceived work significance on employee attitudes and behaviours. Application of the Meaning of Working Theoretical Framework therefore broadened the conceptual framework of the present research to include and clarify the central constructs of commitment, job satisfaction and employee performance in Australian aquatic theme park workplaces. The present study was undertaken with employees from three Australian aquatic theme park companies, including 'marine science employees' and 'other theme park employees', with a particular emphasis on the former group of employees. The nature of the current study suggested the value of using both quantitative and qualitative methods (mixed methods methodology) and so, the adoption of the pragmatist paradigm was appropriate in framing and answering the thesis’ research questions. Quantitative and qualitative methods in this study were conceptualized, designed and implemented sequentially. Quantitative methods (e.g. survey) were conducted first in order to develop a level of generalisation that not only added knowledge to the theory but also enabled a prediction in understanding levels of commitment, job satisfaction and employee performance. Qualitative methods (indepth interviews and focus group discussions) then provided in-depth information and insights into the link between organisational practices (e.g. training and communication) and work-related outcomes and perceptions of professionalism for marine science employees. The findings of this study have broadened the scope of the MOW model developed by Westwood and Lok (2003) in a number of significant and original ways. In particular, consideration of the relationship between employees and customers and analysis of the values maintained by the organisational culture and their influence on the particular subcultures within the organisations studied proved to be essential in understanding the work meanings patterns in this study. The present study further developed the MOW model by clearly demonstrating the critical role played by training and communication in influencing patterns of work meanings. In addition, this study also expanded the Westwood and Lok’s (2003) MOW model by including issues related to professionalism. The findings of the present study highlighted the pivotal role played by a key HRM practice (on-the-job training), which is more relevant in influencing work-related outcomes than the impact of communication processes, as demonstrated in the study data and analysis. Contrary to expectations, the findings suggested that communication processes play an indirect role in influencing organisational effectiveness, in terms of providing high quality service because of an identified ‘gap’ in beliefs and behaviours regarding customer service. Both training and communication processes appeared to be relatively ineffective in reducing this ambiguity regarding customer service for both group of employees within the aquatic theme parks studied. This should lead to a re-thinking of both training and communication practices to enhance the focus on, and delivery of quality customer service. A number of suggestions are canvassed. Another major finding of this thesis indicates that marine science employees not only perceive themselves as professionals but their status (job/occupation) within the tourism community supports a perception of emerging professionalism. The results revealed in the present study have the potential to impact positively on the tourism industry in general and on the aquatic theme park segment in particular. However, it is clear from the present research that the vibrancy of the tourism industry and the aquatic theme park segment can only be enhanced with more attention to communication and training, with an emphasis on improving employee self-efficacy, especially in the area of customer service.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Department of Management
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Książki na temat "Aquatic Theme Parks"
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Theme and amusement parks. New York, NY: Arco for Hearst Books International, 1997.
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Wylson, Anthony. Theme parks, leisure centres, zoos, and aquaria. Harlow, Essex: Longman, 1994.
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Cerver, Francisco Asensio. Theme and Amusement Parks. Whitney Library of Design, 1997.
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Wylson, Anthony, i Patricia Wylson. Theme Parks, Leisure Centres, Zoos and Aquaria (Longman Building Studies). Addison-Wesley, 1994.
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Ruxton, Graeme D., William L. Allen, Thomas N. Sherratt i Michael P. Speed. Transparency. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199688678.003.0005.
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We begin this chapter by considering the ecological distribution of transparent organisms and, in particular, how they are found predominantly in one particular habitat type (open waters); we aim to explain this trend. A perfectly transparent organism (or part of an organism) will not absorb or scatter incident light. Superficially, transparent might seem like a synonym for visually undetectable, but this is not quite true: we discuss how transparent organisms can still be visually detected by their predators or prey. Conversely, there are circumstances where a little transparency can go a long way to reducing an organism’s visibility. Some body parts cannot be made transparent, but we argue that opaque body parts need not always significantly increase the detectability of a generally transparent organism. We will then consider the distribution of transparency among natural organisms. The distributional observations we seek to explain are: the greater prevalence of transparency among aquatic than terrestrial organisms, and the particular prevalence among midwater species. An alternative but related strategy to transparency, adopted by some midwater fish, and considered later in this chapter, is silvering of the body to provide crypsis by broadband reflection.
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Romanowski, Nick. Living Waters. CSIRO Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643107571.
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Wetlands are often seen as the ultimate symbol of beauty and tranquillity, their clear waters sheltering mysterious animals in a world where change is gentle and slow, from dragonflies skimming above their own reflections to the fishes glimpsed briefly below. Yet Australian wetlands are among the most varied and changeable habitats found anywhere, and the many creatures that live out their lives in and around water are superbly adapted to some of the most unpredictable ecosystems in the world.
This book follows the diverse common themes and patterns that link inland waters from Tasmania to the tropics. It shows how cycles of change, the ways that different wetland animals travel through and between wetlands, and the interactions of the animals themselves create an ever-changing ecological kaleidoscope. Drawing on what is known of the biology, ecology and even the genetics of many of the most abundant, widespread and successful groups of animals, the author shows similarities to wetlands in other parts of the world, as well as some of the more extreme environments and specialised animals that are unique to this continent.
Far more than a natural history, Living Waters explains the underlying forces that drive ecological change and movement in Australian wetlands, from the particular needs and habits of some specialised waterbirds to swarms of dragonflies and damselflies that may flourish for a few months before disappearing for years, and fishes found gasping in drying pools far from the nearest permanent water just hours after a desert deluge.
2014 Whitley Award Commendation for Aquatic Biology.
Części książek na temat "Aquatic Theme Parks"
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"Case Study F Aquatic Theme Park Project". W Managing Project Risks, 421–24. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119489719.oth6.
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"Advances in Understanding Landscape Influences on Freshwater Habitats and Biological Assemblages". W Advances in Understanding Landscape Influences on Freshwater Habitats and Biological Assemblages, redaktorzy Meghan L. Allerton, Nicholas E. Jones, Stephanie J. Melles i Bastian J. Schmidt. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874561.ch7.
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<i>Abstract.</i>—Lakes are common features on the landscape in many regions of the world and have important impacts on the ecological function and habitat conditions of connected rivers and streams. Yet lakes are rarely incorporated in studies of river and stream network structure. Using stream and lake spatial data of catchments in Ontario, metrics can be developed that quantify the spatial structure of complex stream–lake networks. This case study represents the initial step in a larger project to develop a complete, parsimonious set of metrics that would make the link between stream–lake network structure and aquatic ecosystem function at the landscape scale. We present three new metrics that capture essential information about the spatial distribution and size of lakes in aquatic networks. These metrics can be used as descriptive measures to understand differences among catchments and as explanatory variables in predictive modeling. Developing stream–lake network measures is an important first step towards integrating lakes and streams for aquatic assessments, improving our ability to effectively manage and conserve aquatic ecosystems in many parts of the world.
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"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation". W Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation, redaktorzy Stephan J. Magnelia, Kevin B. Mayes, Megan G. Bean, Cindy L. Loeffler i David D. Bradsby. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874578.ch12.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—The Colorado River of Texas originates in the northwest portion of the state and runs southeasterly across the environmentally sensitive Edwards Plateau ecoregion, eventually emptying into Matagorda Bay on the Gulf of Mexico. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) and other conservation partners have worked for decades to conserve native fishes in the river and its associated estuary. The river and its tributaries are also the major water source for millions of people, and portions of the watershed are undergoing unprecedented human population growth and a concomitant increased demand for water. Drought, which is a frequent occurrence in Texas, exacerbates these effects. Providing adequate streamflow and water quality to conserve aquatic species while still fulfilling obligations for municipal, industrial, agricultural, hydropower, and recreational water use is increasingly challenging. Since the 1980s, the TPWD has promoted water management policies in the watershed to benefit aquatic life, conducted research to maintain a sound ecological environment for fish and other aquatic taxa, provided technical guidance and financial incentives to private landowners to improve land practices that benefit water quality and quantity, and improved public access to foster increased stewardship of the river. The TPWD has also collaborated with researchers to study the potential impacts of altered hydrology on two endemic, flow-dependent fish species, Guadalupe Bass <em>Micropterus treculii </em>and Blue Sucker <em>Cycleptus elongatus</em>. Two portions of the Colorado River watershed have been identified as native fish conservation areas in part for persistence of populations of these native fishes. Outcomes from these activities are now being leveraged using federally funded research and conservation delivery programs to further advance the conservation of native fish populations and other aquatic life in native fish conservation areas of the Colorado River watershed.
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Selinus, O. "Biogeochemical Monitoring in Medical Geology". W Geology and Health. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162042.003.0029.
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How can we determine the distribution of metals and other elements in our environment? The Geological Survey of Sweden started an innovative monitoring of metals in a monitoring/mapping program in 1980. Before 1980, traditional inorganic stream sediments were used, a method still employed all over the world, but not really suitable for medical work. A new method is used, whereby metal concentrations are determined in organic material consisting of aquatic mosses and roots of aquatic higher plants. These are barrier-free with respect to trace metal uptake and reflect the metal concentrations in stream water (Brundin 1972, 1988, Kabata-Pendias,1992, Selinus 1989). Aerial parts of many plant species do not generally respond to increasing metal concentrations in the growth medium because of physiological barriers between roots and above-ground parts of plants. These barriers protect them from uptake of toxic levels of metals into the vital reproductive organs. The roots and mosses, however, respond closely to chemical variations in background levels related to different bedrock types in addition to effects of pollution. The biogeochemical samples provide information on the time-related bioavailable metal contents in aquatic plants and in the environment. One great advantage of using biogeochemical samples instead of water samples is also that the biogeochemical samples provide integrated information of the metal contents in the water for a period of some years. Water samples suffer from seasonal and annual variations depending on, for example, precipitation. The mapping program now covers about 65% of the land area of Sweden (40,000 sample sites, one sample every 6 km²), where about 80% of the population of Sweden is living. This means that there is now available an extensive analytical data base for use in environmental and medical research (Freden 1994). One example of the use of biogeochemical monitoring concerns high cadmium contents in Sweden. In noncontaminated, noncultivated soils, Cd concentration is largely governed by the amount of Cd in the parent material (Thornton 1986). If the substrate concentration is higher than in background concentrations, Cd is readily taken up by roots and is distributed throughout the plants.
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Rathee, Rupa, i Pallavi Rajain. "Experiential Marketing". W Breaking Down Language and Cultural Barriers Through Contemporary Global Marketing Strategies, 113–27. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6980-0.ch007.
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Customers no longer seek a product just for its features or benefits, rather they look for unique experiences. This is provided by experiential marketing where experiences broadly are divided into five categories that include consumer, product & service, off-line & online, consumption and brand experiences. Most of the previous research in this area has focused on consumer experiences. However, nowadays product and services too are aligned according to multisensory environments. One of the upcoming industries that focuses on the experiential marketing is the leisure industry or leisure services. These services include businesses focused on recreation, entertainment, sports and tourism which include theme parks, adventure parks, adventure sports, concerts, etc. Some of the examples of the leisure services in top cities of the country include Adlabs Imagica in Mumbai, Kingdom of Dreams in Gurugram, Worlds of Wonder in Noida, and Aquatica in Kolkata. The chapter aims to study the growth of this sector in an experiential economy along with strategies used by the leisure industry.
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T, Dr Suneetha, Dr Ramanamma T, Dr Ramana Reddy G i Dr Sailaja V. "Short-Term and Long-Term Effect of Acidic and Alkaline pH on the Mortality, pH Tolerance, Growth and Development Pattern of Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei)". W Holistic Research Perspectives Vol.5, 28–40. Centivens Institute of Innovative Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/ciir/bp20002/03.
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In recent years, drastic alterations in hydrogen ion concentrations of the aquatic systems leading to environmental acidity and alkalinity, posing a severe problem to aquatic life causing decline and disappearance of many inhabitants in different parts of the globe, especially sustenance of shrimp culture. Hence, Short-term (24 hours) and long-term (90 days) effect of acidic and alkaline pH on the mortality, pH tolerance, growth and development pattern of Litopenaeus Vannamei has been studied. The sub-lethal limit was determined after exposing Litopenaeus Vannamei for 168 hours in all pH media. Furthermore, from the experimental results, it has been observed that sub-lethal limit was from 6.5pH to 8.5pH. The growth of shrimp was studied from 10 days up to 90 days period at different ranges, wherein the maximum reduction has been found in the first ten days only. However, at the end of the experiment there has been 12.41 percent decrease in the body weight at 8.5pH and in total 16.58 percent productivity get decreased.
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Larson, Rhett B. "Water Security and Mass Migration". W Just Add Water, 145–64. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190948009.003.0008.
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The world faces an unprecedented human migration crisis, as hundreds of thousands flee famine, poverty, and violence in many parts of the globe. While the movement of these people from one country to another can appear, on the surface, as a response to current events, these migrations can perhaps be best understood with an ancient explanation. People are doing what they have done for thousands of years: they are moving to find water. While many of these refugees and immigrants would say they are seeking peace or prosperity, peace and prosperity are in part functions of water security. If we examine the movement of immigrants and refugees in recent decades, we will see a mass migration away from water insecure states and toward water secure states. This chapter discusses the role of water in migration, including how large dams both displace people and protect them from displacement, the unexpected role that protecting aquatic ecosystems has on addressing migration in urban coastal communities, and the challenge of water stress in refugee host communities.
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Vladetić, Srđan. "O TERMINU „AQUARII“ U FRONTINOVOM DELU „DE AQUIS URBIS ROMAE“". W XXI vek - vek usluga i uslužnog prava : Knj. 10, 155–61. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xxiv-10.155v.
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In his peace "De Aquis Urbis Romae" on several places, Frontin mentions term aquarii. This termhas been used to mark the members of the water supply service. They have been mentioned in the parts of text where he writes about measures for measuring water usage and sizes of water pipes or aqueduct's capacity. Particularly he mentions them in the parts of text dedicated to the problems of losing the water due to stealing or other misconducts. However, some other sources and texts are giving some other meaning to this term, so this work will be dedicated to determining on which groups of persons this term is related to.
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"Propagated Fish in Resource Management". W Propagated Fish in Resource Management, redaktorzy WILLIAM C. PROVINE, RICHARD W. LUEBKE, ROGER L. MCCABE, DAVID R. TERRE, ROBERT K. BETSILL, BOBBY FARQUHAR i TODD ENGELING. American Fisheries Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569698.ch15.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Two hundred years ago, Texas had 118,000 km of streams and rivers flowing unimpeded to the Gulf of Mexico—and one natural lake. Now there are more than 800 impoundments and few unregulated stretches of river. Reservoir construction increased the amount of aquatic habitat in the state, while dramatically changing most of the original habitat. These altered environments present challenges and opportunities to fishery managers charged with maximizing recreational fishing. Water level, flow, thermal regimes, and nutrient dynamics typically reflect human needs for flood control, water supply, and electrical power rather than natural weather patterns or seasonal cycles. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department has used propagated fishes to meet the challenges of these altered systems while diversifying fishing opportunities in Texas. Management of these environments necessitated decisions regarding the use of native sport fishes or fishes that were not native to the state but may, because of their habitat requirements or life histories, be more functionally suited to the newly created environments. This agency has created successful and in many cases extremely popular sport fisheries with the use of such fishes as Florida largemouth bass <em>Micropterus salmoides floridanus</em>, northern largemouth bass <em>M. s. salmoides</em>, smallmouth bass <em>M. dolimieu</em>, channel catfish <em>Ictalurus punctatus</em>, striped bass <em>Morone saxatilis</em>, palmetto bass (white bass <em>Morone chrysops </em>× <em>M. saxatilis</em>), walleye <em>Sander vitreus</em>, rainbow trout <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>, and red drum <em>Sciaenops ocellatus</em>. As this agency continues its work to maintain healthy aquatic ecosystems and fishing opportunities with increased demand, we expect that the use of propagated fishes may become even more important in the future. This paper discusses the various altered environments we have been charged to manage, the consideration of various sport fishes for these environments and the resulting sport fisheries created through our use of native and nonnative fishes.
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Niţă, Mihai Răzvan, Mihăiţă Iulian Niculae, Diana Andreea Onose, Maria Pătroescu, Gabriel Ovidiu Vânău i Cristiana Maria Ciocănea. "Recommendations for Natural Resources Conservation in the Influence Areas of Cities". W Smart Cities and Smart Spaces, 671–94. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7030-1.ch030.
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As urban development has become an increasing problem, urban planning is required to integrate social and economical needs with the sustainable use of natural resources. Since the urban development is favoured by the amount and diversity of the natural resources (land, mineral resources, green areas, aquatic surfaces) available in the area of influence of the cities and its negative externalities aren't limited inside the urban limits the conservation of those resources became an important issue in the scientific circles. Lately planners have been using GIS techniques and remote sensing, based on international and local databases, in finding the most probable scenarios and the best available solutions in order to promote a sustainable development of urban areas. Four models of natural resources conservation have proved effective in the influence areas of cities: protected areas, yellow-green belts, regional parks and oxygen generating surfaces. The establishment and management of these can be better realised by GIS techniques, because of their efficiency and ease of use, the suitability and general availability of data.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Aquatic Theme Parks"
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Mihai, Carmen, Madalina Alice Rus, Alexandra Gabriela Ene i Razvan Scarlat. "Digital construction of the signaling/ rescue system located in coastal aquatic areas". W The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.i.12.
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For signaling and rescue, at international level, modular systems made of composite structures are used, which ensure the maintaining at the water surface of them, in a fixed point, in any meteorological conditions etc. According to the diversity of activities carried out in the marine and/ or river sector and depending on them, worldwide signaling systems are applied: for the safety of navigation, for data recording and processing activities and for the marking of ecological protection areas (National Strategy for Sustainable Development of Romania 2030, 2017; La Depeche, 2014). For this last category, the signaling of the navigable channel is made in accordance with the "Basic Regulations for Navigation on the Danube" edited by the Danube Commission, 1991 edition, Budapest, while for the maritime buoyage system the IALA agreement is used, concluded in Paris, on the 15th April 1982 and involves the use of floats and buoys made of composite materials. The work aims to create a digital signaling/ rescue system applied in the coastal aquatic area (Council Regulation (EC) No. 509/2006; Decision No. 1600/2002/EC). In this respect, using FEM modelling, the geometric domain was defined, the composite structure of which the system is made was modeled, the structure with finite elements was generated (discretization, properties modelling, specific finite elements obtaining), the constraints and loads were modeled and finally, in the post-processing stage, the results (deformation, Von Mises stress, displacements) were visualized and studied
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Sánchez, Yuly, Mehrab Mehrvar, Lynda McCarthy, Édgar Quiñones, Luis Cheu, Jairo Romero, Alexander Reub, Rocío González i Jairo Chacón. "IMPACT OF THE SEWAGE DISCHARGE FROM HOT SPRINGS TO WATER SOURCES". W Mujeres en ingeniería: empoderamiento, liderazgo y compromiso. Asociacion Colombiana de Facultades de Ingeniería - ACOFI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26507/ponencia.1691.
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Hot springs have traditionally been a tourist attraction in many parts of the world, such as Japan, Canada, Taiwan among others. During the peak tourist season, it is usually discharged into streams without treatment, which can affect the quality of the receiving water, causing negative impacts to the aquatic ecosystems. Downstream ecological impacts of several major spa recreational sites in different parts of the world have been studied, and it has been found that wastewater discharges of hot springs have adverse ecological effects. The mineral composition in hot springs, derived mainly from groundwater, is usually greater than that of stream water. Studies carried out with models such as QUAL2K (or Q2K), the modernized version of the QUAL2E (or Q2E), simulate the effect of the hot spring discharges on surface water sources, mainly negative in nature. Despite the negative consequences of the impacts on ecosystems derived from hot springs’ wastewater, it is interesting to note that there are regulations for wastewater discharges – including backwash water from swimming pools – into rivers and sewers (e.g., Germany and Canada), but not specifically for hot springs discharge. Nonetheless, this evidence indicates a necessity for the authorities to increase the control of the use of hot springs and the discharge of their untreated waters. In Colombia, Resolution 631 of 2015 regulates the discharge of wastewater into rivers and sewers. Yet, it does not consider parameters for the discharge of hot springs. However, the authors deem it necessary to advance in the investigation on the contamination of the wastewaters coming from hot springs, and think about a sustainable tourism of hot springs.
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Barnett, Ralph L. "Anti-Evisceration Rings: Proof of Concept". W ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88131.
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Domed suction entrapment covers (grates) are generally mounted on cylindrical sumps or frames (mud rings) that are permanently installed in the bottoms or sidewalls of swimming or wading pools. These covers constitute a first-line-of-defense against the danger of evisceration by preventing children from sealing the sumps and drains with their buttock. When the covers are missing, loose, or broken, sealing a sump with their backsides exposes their bowels to dangerous levels of suction that cause disembowelment in a fraction of a second. There is an emerging paradigm shift in the aquatic’s industry that calls for equivalent protection for covered and uncovered sumps and frames. Using a simple concept patented by Barnett (2001) [1], the planar circle formed by the inside edge of a sump is replaced by a non-planar edge, e.g., scalloped or castellated. Edge geometry is chosen that will not conform to human body parts to preclude sealing. Testing inexpensive prototypes demonstrated that the proposed anti-evisceration rings reduce the body removal force from 324 lb. to 10 to 17 lb. Further, they lower the maximum pump vacuum from −14.3 psi to −1 to −2 psi.
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Burns, J. M., D. C. Burns i J. S. Burns. "Retrofitting Cooling Towers: Estimates Required to Achieve the Next Level of CWA 316(b) Compliance". W ASME 2004 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2004-52051.
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Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act regulates the potential environmental impacts of cooling water intakes in order to mitigate the adverse entrainment and impingement effects on aquatic organisms. The recently proposed EPA regulations require that power plants currently using once-through cooling systems at the very minimum, evaluate the cost and environmental benefits of retrofitting to wet or dry cooling towers for their next permit application. However, a sound cooling tower retrofit assessment cannot be confined to cooling tower issues alone. Cooling tower backfits significantly affect the entire cooling system and generating capacity. Though the industry still awaits the EPA’s February 2004 final action ruling to clarify the regulations for existing plants, it is clear that acceptable methods of plant compliance with 316(b) regulations will be decided based upon the costs of new technology available, including cooling tower retrofits. A plant not able to meet the tight impingement and entrainment reduction percentages required under 316(b) will be required to consider the cost of retrofitting technologies versus the expected environmental benefit. The EPA has complied standard costs for retrofitting cooling towers that are extremely optimistic and limited in their scope, and thus tend to be far lower than a plant would actually accrue during a retrofit. These EPA costs of compliance are accepted by default in the cost-benefit analysis unless a plant can make a compelling case that their site-specific costs are much higher than EPA’s estimate or are wholly disproportionate to the environmental benefits accrued by such a retrofit. In either case, an overly simplistic and non-comprehensive tower retrofit cost estimate will increase the chances of a plant being required to implement a closed-cooling system retrofit, which in nearly all cases is the most costly and difficult alternative. In addition to constructing a tower, a cooling tower retrofit also alters many parts of the existing cooling system. Typically, a once-through condenser is designed to operate in a siphon circuit using low pressure buried piping under the turbine building. The condenser, along with its piping, would likely have to be modified to be compatible for a conversion to a higher pressure closed-loop system. The retrofit would require installation of new circulating water pumps to provide the additional required head. Portions of the plant’s large diameter circulating water piping systems and intakes must be decommissioned or redesigned to accommodate the retrofit. The critical parts of any retrofit evaluation will be to identify the site-specific modifications required for a conversion with a reasonably accurate estimate of capital costs. An accurate retrofit evaluation must reflect the impacts on all of the circulating water system components along with the adjusted overall performance. Obtaining accurate cost data on the full scope of a retrofit project is difficult due to many factors. There have been only a handful of cooling tower retrofits in the U.S. The experiences from these are mostly inapplicable due to either their small size or unique factors that facilitated the cooling system conversion. The site-specific nature of each retrofit, including the interpretation of a matrix of environmental siting issues, makes cooling system retrofit estimates very complex. Developing an accurate estimate requires a thorough review the existing cooling system design equipment, features & layout. These data are best obtained from a site visit and interviews with key system and operations personnel. Retrofit budgets for this evaluation should not be based on very “generic” cases prepared without regard to site-specific design & operating limitations. Instead, a realistic turnkey retrofit budget is based on a well planned project that confronts the broad scope of a retrofit including the range of site-specific factors. This paper will summarize the art of the retrofit and provide considerations to develop more reliable and meaningful closedcycle retrofit cooling system cost estimates. It will describe the critical characteristics of cooling towers, pumps, circulating water piping, and condenser modifications. It will provide recommendations to produce reasonably accurate evaluations of the seasonal and peak period (energy penalty) effects of the retrofitted cooling system on plant generation. In fact, those conversion costs and the negative effects on plant generation are the key to determining the realistic effects of a proposed retrofit. Finally, it will present the major consequences of trading-off the adverse aquatic environmental impacts with airborne ones from a retrofitted wet cooling tower.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Aquatic Theme Parks"
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Dodd, Hope, David Peitz, Gareth Rowell, Janice Hinsey, David Bowles, Lloyd Morrison, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor i Jefrey Williams. Protocol for Monitoring Fish Communities in Small Streams in the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network. National Park Service, kwiecień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284726.
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Fish communities are an important component of aquatic systems and are good bioindicators of ecosystem health. Land use changes in the Midwest have caused sedimentation, erosion, and nutrient loading that degrades and fragments habitat and impairs water quality. Because most small wadeable streams in the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) have a relatively small area of their watersheds located within park boundaries, these streams are at risk of degradation due to adjacent land use practices and other anthropogenic disturbances. Shifts in the physical and chemical properties of aquatic systems have a dramatic effect on the biotic community. The federally endangered Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) and other native fishes have declined in population size due to habitat degradation and fragmentation in Midwest streams. By protecting portions of streams on publicly owned lands, national parks may offer refuges for threatened or endangered species and species of conservation concern, as well as other native species. This protocol describes the background, history, justification, methodology, data analysis and data management for long-term fish community monitoring of wadeable streams within nine HTLN parks: Effigy Mounds National Monument (EFMO), George Washington Carver National Monument (GWCA), Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (HEHO), Homestead National Monument of America (HOME), Hot Springs National Park (HOSP), Pea Ridge National Military Park (PERI), Pipestone National Monument (PIPE), Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve (TAPR), and Wilson's Creek national Battlefield (WICR). The objectives of this protocol are to determine the status and long-term trends in fish richness, diversity, abundance, and community composition in small wadeable streams within these nine parks and correlate the long-term community data to overall water quality and habitat condition (DeBacker et al. 2005).
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Michalak, Julia, Josh Lawler, John Gross i Caitlin Littlefield. A strategic analysis of climate vulnerability of national park resources and values. National Park Service, wrzesień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287214.
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The U.S. national parks have experienced significant climate-change impacts and rapid, on-going changes are expected to continue. Despite the significant climate-change vulnerabilities facing parks, relatively few parks have conducted comprehensive climate-change vulnerability assessments, defined as assessments that synthesize vulnerability information from a wide range of sources, identify key climate-change impacts, and prioritize vulnerable park resources (Michalak et al. In review). In recognition that funding and planning capacity is limited, this project was initiated to identify geographies, parks, and issues that are high priorities for conducting climate-change vulnerability assessments (CCVA) and strategies to efficiently address the need for CCVAs across all U.S. National Park Service (NPS) park units (hereafter “parks”) and all resources. To help identify priority geographies and issues, we quantitatively assessed the relative magnitude of vulnerability factors potentially affecting park resources and values. We identified multiple vulnerability factors (e.g., temperature change, wildfire potential, number of at-risk species, etc.) and sought existing datasets that could be developed into indicators of these factors. To be included in the study, datasets had to be spatially explicit or already summarized for individual parks and provide consistent data for at least all parks within the contiguous U.S. (CONUS). The need for consistent data across such a large geographic extent limited the number of datasets that could be included, excluded some important drivers of climate-change vulnerability, and prevented adequate evaluation of some geographies. The lack of adequately-scaled data for many key vulnerability factors, such as freshwater flooding risks and increased storm activity, highlights the need for both data development and more detailed vulnerability assessments at local to regional scales where data for these factors may be available. In addition, most of the available data at this scale were related to climate-change exposures, with relatively little data available for factors associated with climate-change sensitivity or adaptive capacity. In particular, we lacked consistent data on the distribution or abundance of cultural resources or accessible data on infrastructure across all parks. We identified resource types, geographies, and critical vulnerability factors that lacked data for NPS’ consideration in addressing data gaps. Forty-seven indicators met our criteria, and these were combined into 21 climate-change vulnerability factors. Twenty-seven indicators representing 12 vulnerability factors addressed climate-change exposure (i.e., projected changes in climate conditions and impacts). A smaller number of indictors measured sensitivity (12 indicators representing 5 vulnerability factors). The sensitivity indicators often measured park or landscape characteristics which may make resources more or less responsive to climate changes (e.g., current air quality) as opposed to directly representing the sensitivity of specific resources within the park (e.g., a particular rare species or type of historical structure). Finally, 6 indicators representing 4 vulnerability factors measured external adaptive capacity for living resources (i.e., characteristics of the park and/or surrounding landscape which may facilitate or impede species adaptation to climate changes). We identified indicators relevant to three resource groups: terrestrial living, aquatic living (including living cultural resources such as culturally significant landscapes, plant, or animal species) and non-living resources (including infrastructure and non-living cultural resources such as historic buildings or archeological sites). We created separate indicator lists for each of these resource groups and analyzed them separately. To identify priority geographies within CONUS,...
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Weissinger, Rebecca. Trends in water quality at Bryce Canyon National Park, water years 2006–2021. Redaktor Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, listopad 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294946.
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The National Park Service collects water-quality samples on a rotating basis at three fixed water-quality stations in Bryce Canyon National Park (NP): Sheep Creek, Yellow Creek, and Mossy Cave Spring. Data collection began at Sheep Creek and Yellow Creek in November 2005 and at Mossy Cave in July 2008. Data on in-situ parameters, fecal-coliform samples, major ions, and nutrients are collected monthly, while trace elements are sampled quarterly. This report analyzes data from the beginning of the period of record for each station through water year 2021 to test for trends over time. Concentrations are also compared to relevant water-quality standards for the State of Utah. Overall, water quality at the park’s monitoring stations continues to be excellent, and park managers have been successful in their goal of maintaining these systems in unimpaired condition. Infrequent but continued Escherichia coli exceedances from trespass livestock at Sheep and Yellow creeks support the need for regular fence maintenance along the park boundary. High-quality conditions may qualify all three sites as Category 1 waters, the highest level of anti-degradation protection provided by the State of Utah. Minimum and maximum air temperatures at the park have increased, while precipitation remains highly variable. Increasing air temperatures have led to increasing water temperatures in Sheep and Yellow creeks. Sheep Creek also had a decrease in flow across several quantiles from 2006 to 2021, while higher flows decreased at Yellow Creek in the same period. Surface flows in these two creeks are likely to be increasingly affected by higher evapotranspiration due to warming air temperatures and possibly decreasing snowmelt runoff as the climate changes. The influx of ancient groundwater in both creek drainages helps sustain base flows at the sites. Mossy Cave Spring, which is sampled close to the spring emergence point, showed less of a climate signal than Sheep and Yellow creeks. In our record, the spring shows a modest increase in discharge, including higher flows at higher air temperatures. An uptick in visitation to Water Canyon and the Mossy Cave Trail has so far not been reflected by changes in water quality. There are additional statistical trends in water-quality parameters at all three sites. However, most of these trends are quite small and are likely ecologically negligible. Some statistical trends may be the result of instrument changes and improvements in quality assurance and quality control over time in both the field sampling effort and the laboratory analyses. Long-term monitoring of water-quality stations at Bryce Canyon NP suggests relatively stable aquatic systems that benefit from protection within the park. To maintain these unimpaired conditions into the future, park managers could consider: Regular fence checks and maintenance along active grazing allotments at the park boundary to protect riparian areas and aquatic systems from trespass livestock. Developing a springs-monitoring program to track changes in springflow at spring emergences to better understand bedrock-aquifer water supplies. These data would also help quantify springflow for use in water-rights hearings. Supporting hydrogeologic investigations to map the extent and flow paths of groundwater aquifers. Working with the State of Utah to develop groundwater-protection zones to protect groundwater aquifers from developments that would affect springs in the park. Prioritizing watershed management with proactive fire risk-reduction practices. Explicitly including watershed protection as a goal in plans for fire management and suppression. Using additional data and analyses to better understand the drivers of trends in water quality and their ecological significance. These could include higher-frequency data to better understand relationships between groundwater, precipitation, and surface flows at the sites. These could also include watershed metrics...
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Salcido, Charles, Patrick Wilson, Justin Tweet, Blake McCan, Clint Boyd i Vincent Santucci. Theodore Roosevelt National Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, maj 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293509.
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Theodore Roosevelt National Park (THRO) in western North Dakota was established for its historical connections with President Theodore Roosevelt. It contains not only historical and cultural resources, but abundant natural resources as well. Among these is one of the best geological and paleontological records of the Paleocene Epoch (66 to 56 million years ago) of any park in the National Park System. The Paleocene Epoch is of great scientific interest due to the great mass extinction that occurred at its opening (the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event), and the unusual climatic event that began at the end of the epoch (the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, an anomalous global temperature spike). It is during the Paleocene that mammals began to diversify and move into the large-bodied niches vacated by dinosaurs. The rocks exposed at THRO preserve the latter part of the Paleocene, when mammals were proliferating and crocodiles were the largest predators. Western North Dakota was warmer and wetter with swampy forests; today these are preserved as the “petrified forests” that are one of THRO’s notable features. Despite abundant fossil resources, THRO has not historically been a scene of significant paleontological exploration. For example, the fossil forests have only had one published scientific description, and that report focused on the associated paleosols (“fossil soils”). The widespread petrified wood of the area has been known since at least the 19th century and was considered significant enough to be a tourist draw in the decades leading up to the establishment of THRO in 1947. Paleontologists occasionally collected and described fossil specimens from the park over the next few decades, but the true extent of paleontological resources was not realized until a joint North Dakota Geological Survey–NPS investigation under John Hoganson and Johnathan Campbell between 1994–1996. This survey uncovered 400 paleontological localities within the park representing a variety of plant, invertebrate, vertebrate, and trace fossils. Limited investigation and occasional collection of noteworthy specimens took place over the next two decades. In 2020, a new two-year initiative to further document the park’s paleontological resources began. This inventory, which was the basis for this report, identified another 158 fossil localities, some yielding taxa not recorded by the previous survey. Additional specimens were collected from the surface, among them a partial skeleton of a choristodere (an extinct aquatic reptile), dental material of two mammal taxa not previously recorded at THRO, and the first bird track found at the park. The inventory also provided an assessment of an area scheduled for ground-disturbing maintenance. This inventory is intended to inform future paleontological resource research, management, protection, and interpretation at THRO. THRO’s bedrock geology is dominated by two Paleocene rock formations: the Bullion Creek Formation and the overlying Sentinel Butte Formation of the Fort Union Group. Weathering of these formations has produced the distinctive banded badlands seen in THRO today. These two formations were deposited under very different conditions than the current conditions of western North Dakota. In the Paleocene, the region was warm and wet, with a landscape dominated by swamps, lakes, and rivers. Great forests now represented by petrified wood grew throughout the area. Freshwater mollusks, fish, amphibians (including giant salamanders), turtles, choristoderes, and crocodilians abounded in the ancient wetlands, while a variety of mammals representing either extinct lineages or the early forebearers of modern groups inhabited the land. There is little representation of the next 56 million years at THRO. The only evidence we have of events in the park for most of these millions of years is isolated Neogene lag deposits and terrace gravel. Quaternary surficial deposits have yielded a few fossils...
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LeDuc, Jamie, Ryan Maki, Tom Burri, Joan Elias, Jay Glase, Brenda Moraska Lafrancois, Kevin Peterson, David Vandermeulen i Ben Vondra. Voyageurs National Park interior lakes status and impact assessment. National Park Service, luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289923.
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Voyageurs National Park (VNP) is a water-based park that includes part or all of four large lakes and twenty-six smaller lakes commonly referred to as “interior lakes”. The 26 interior lakes of VNP are important aquatic resources with differing size and depth, water chemistry, trophic status, fish communities, and visitor use. Despite the remote location of these lakes, they have been impacted by multiple stressors, including contaminants and non-native species. This assessment provides key information in support of a science-based management plan for these lakes. The objectives of this assessment were to: 1) assess the status of each of the interior lakes and categorically rank the lakes from least to most impacted; 2) use the results to make specific science-based management and restoration recommendations for the most impacted lakes; and 3) make general recommendations that may be useful in managing all of Voyageurs National Park’s interior lakes. When all factors considered in this analysis (water quality, fish mercury concentrations, and fish community characteristics) were combined and assessed, thirteen lakes were classified as most impacted, nine as moderately impacted, and three as least impacted. Although nearly half of the lakes were classified as most impacted in this assessment, many of these lakes are in excellent condition compared to other lakes in the region. The factor-by-factor impact status of the lakes was considered to help describe the condition of the lakes and the potential for restoration. No local management options were identified to mitigate the mercury contamination in these lakes as research has shown the sources of the contamination to arrive from regional and global sources. Similarly, no management actions were identified to reduce nutrient concentrations in the lakes ranked most impacted for nutrient conditions as these are remote lakes with minimal or no development within their watersheds, and it was also noted that paleolimnological studies have shown that the nutrient status of the interior lakes was relatively unchanged from pre-European settlement conditions. Finally, for the lakes in which presumed introduced fish species are present, piscicides were considered as a potential management action. Piscicides were not recommended as a strategy to eradicate introduced fish species as it was determined that genetic conservation of the populations of native fish species still present in these lakes was more valuable than eradicating the introduced species.