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Arvind, Pala Prashant. "Approche écologique de la mémoire épisodique dans le vieillissement normal et les neuropathologies". Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00920530.
Pełny tekst źródłaLangevin, Sabine. "Fausses reconnaissances et vieillissement cognitif : vers une approche écologique". Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21413.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe research was focused on the accuracy of memories and effects of cognitive aging. According the constructive memory, our research addressed on the aged effects on false recognition (distinguishing semantic vs. Source-based false recognition). According to this, three main aims were investigated; 2/ to demonstrate a higher age-related susceptibility for source-based false recognitions with naturalistic material or not; 3/ to demonstrate the multi-processes origin (constructive encoding / source monitoring processes) of false recognition susceptibility with age due to a dysexecutive difficulties (according to the frontal aging hypothesis) for both types of false recognition. The results obtained were discussed in the light of various theories, and allowed us to establish an integrated model of aging effects on false recognition phenomenon
Fenianos, Johnny. "Entre Psychologie et Ecologie : approche psycho socio écologique de la restauration des carrières en région méditerrannéenne (cas du Liban)". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30024/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIf the future of our planet depends indeed on the mastering of the « young discipline” that is ecological restauration, as confirmed in Roberts et al. (2009), it is our duty to invest in the preservation and improvement of ecosystem services, ecological connectivity and biological cycles that rely on the functioning of corrupted ecosystems. Mediterranean ecosystems knowledge and the mastering of ecological engineering techniques have made substantial progress during the last decades. Unfortunately, the transfer of these techniques on the field and their implementation are still sparse, and notably in environments where consistent interactions with human communities require the appropriation and adoption of intervention methods. The Mediterranean basin, which is considered a hotspot for diversity, evolves in tense and often unstable sociopolitical conditions, along with huge demographic increase, poorly-planned urbanization and a long history of coevolution of men and landscapes dating back to the Neolithic period. This makes this transfer of techniques yet more complex. In this context, how can we overcome the resistance and win acceptance on the proposed technical solutions? How can we bring people to better accept modifications relating to their life environments? Is it possible to initiate an attitude and behavioral change towards the proposed solutions? In other words, can we induce acceptance for the intervention techniques and methods on an environment/ecosystem when these are met with the stereotypes disseminated by the concerned human communities? Starting from these questions, this thesis wishes to address a specific problematic: how can we change the behaviors of individuals towards the modifications of their close environment? The original hypothesis is the following: by influencing the processes underlying behavioral change, we can improve the acceptation of the principle and intervention techniques relating to environmental action. Should we wish to initiate a change in attitude, we need to modify the “action to object” relations, which are mainly slowed down by the consistency of individuals. We therefore need to modify, not only their cognitive flexibility, but also their emotional experience and affordance. Thus, the operational hypotheses break down as follows: H1: Cognitive flexibility and attitude change: by improving cognitive flexibility, it is possible to increase acceptability towards the principle and techniques of intervention relating to environmental action. H2: Emotional experience and attitude change: A person’s emotional experience and their space perception can induce a change in attitude towards the principle and techniques of intervention relating to environmental action. H3: Affordance and attitude change: A change in affordance can contribute to initiate a change in attitude in a person towards the principle and techniques of intervention relating to environmental action. These hypotheses will be tested on the example of quarries rehabilitation in Lebanon – in a Mediterranean context
Dupré, Lisa. "Usage de la tablette tactile par les personnes âgées : une approche écologique de l'évaluation et de l'aide à l'apprentissage". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH028/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn modern society, use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is critical in order to avoid exclusion from many common modern day activities. Furthermore, longer life expectancy presents a major challenge to support dependent seniors, or those at risk of losing their independence but wish to continue living in their own home. ICTs seem particularly relevant in this context. Indeed, they promote social engagement, facilitate access to social networks, and provide a gateway to a wide range of information. Of particular interest in the present study are landline or mobile phones, and tablet computers, which are more readily portable, offer simpler functionality than most computers, and therefore are potentially very useful for aging people, included people with neurocognitive disorders. Broadly, such ICTs help to maintain and improve autonomy. Despite these potential benefits, seniors do not commonly use ICTs. Age-related physical and cognitive decline may affect the ability of older people to use ICTs. Therefore, it is essential to promote education and learning. However, an adapted and effective support could not exist without a fine evaluation of the nature of the difficulties and of the efficient cues. Consequently, we wanted to study the particular difficulties of older people in using these technologies, but also the conditions of the assistance they can benefit from. The objectif of this thesis project was to determine whether elderly encountered specific difficulties in using new ICT, in order to offert them an adapted support. A performance-based assessment and a comparison of the capacity of ICT ise of young and old adults has shown that older adults are characterized by a greater number of commission errors and a need for more precise and explicit cues, especially for the use of mobile technologies. Exploring the link between the nature of errors produced in the use of ICTs and cognitive skills indicated the determinent factor of inhibition abilities as well as episodic memory, in particular the spontaneous recovery process. These abilities were related to commission errors and not to omissions. Structuring the informative environment and automation of some basic procedures essential to the use of ICTs therefore appear as a very probable orientation to alleviate the difficulties of the elderly. Finally, participation in a tablet computer training program using the errorless learning and spaced-retrieval techniques, allowed to improve attitudes towards technologies as well as the performance when they are used
Giomi, Andrea. "La pensée sonore du corps : Pour une approche écologique à la médiation technologique, au mouvement et à l'interaction sonore". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2041/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the last years, motion sensing technologies have radically transformed the universe of the artistic practice. This dramatic change has recently inspired new perspectives in scientific research. Music is actually among the most affected domaines by this expressive and epistemological renewal. The interactive relation between mediation technology, movement and sound, seems to be declined into two main modalities : on one hand, movement analysis’ technologies allow to study mutual connections between acoustic phenomenon and sensorimotor system, on the other hand, embodied understanding of musical experience can help to devise an holistic approach to interactive systems conception and development. Given this background scenario, this thesis focuses on how movement’s qualities transformation into sound allows the performer to become aware of physiological and imaginative processes in gesture composition. In this framework, sound feedback-movement relation is analyzed from an ecological point of view. According to this approach, mediation technology seems to elicit an autopoietic process of extension and intensification of corporeality. Especially in the artistic performance, sound interaction offers to performer a new sensorial geography that allows him/her to renew his/her perceptive organization and thereby rethink expressive composition of movement
Dejos, Marie. "Approche écologique de l'évaluation de la mémoire épisodique et de la navigation spatiale dans la maladie d'Alzheimer". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21950/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThese last years, taking account of everyday difficulties has largely improved and is at the core of preoccupations of clinicians and researchers.Particularly, everyday difficulties hold a special place in aging because of their potential value as a diagnostic criterion, but also as a risk factor, for dementia, even in the absence of cognitive impairment. However, despite being taken into consideration and their major interest, their assessment is being questioned, especially regarding their inconsistent relationships with cognitive impairments assessed by traditional neuropsychological tests and subjects’ complaints. The purpose of ecological approaches, particularly those using virtual reality technologies, in which our work is framed, is to assess the “daily” cognition, by which we hope providing measures that are accurate, specific and reflecting the one’s daily functioning. The use of two virtual environments, an apartment and a residential district, has allowed us identifying specific cognitive patterns of episodic memory and spatial navigation associated with normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. These patterns are discussed according to the multifactorial model of aging and the objective assessment of daily difficulties.The application of this research to the development of aids for the autonomy of the elderly is proposed as a work perspective
Prashant, Arvind pala. "Approche ecologique de l’’evaluation de la memoire episodique dans le vieillissement normal et les neuropathologies". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22121/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo this day, very little is known about the way aging affects everyday episodic memory, which is a visually and contextually rich and complex memory. However, episodic memory is traditionally assessed using verbal tasks which are lacking such complexity. One of them, the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) uses the multi-trial free recall paradigm that we also implemented in the Human Object Memory of Everyday Scenes test using virtual reality to simulate a visit in an apartment (the HOMES test).This procedure allowed us to assess multiple memory processes such as learning, semantic clustering, proactive interference, recall versus recognition, and false recognitions. We also wanted to investigate the relationship between everyday memory and action through active navigation and its effects on each of these processes. We showed the typical profile of older adults usually obsereved using traditional paper-pencil tests on most of the memory indices except for proactive interference, which was not increased. In fact, older adults showed a reduced free recall performance despite a preserved learning ability across trials, a benefit from recognition but also a higher susceptibility to false recognitions. TBI patients (study 1) showed a profile similar to that of older adults, but patients with Alzheimer disease were impaired on all of the HOMES indices (study 2). Studies 3 and 4 examined the beneficial effect of active navigation in younger and older adults’ everyday memory and showed that that recognition was the measure that benefited the most in both age groups. In contrast, older adults while active navigation decreased false recognitions in younger adults, it actually increased false recognitions in older adults. Our results on everyday memory are discussed in terms of item-specific deficit and executive deficit hypotheses in normal aging
Dernayka, Aya. "Etude sur l'apport du LIDAR pour faciliter les déplacements locomoteurs des personnes non-voyantes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASW001.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe electronic cane « Tom Pouce III » is a vision substitution tool intended to make the movement of the blind user more fluid, helping him to find his way from a distance in a cluttered environment, and also to improve the autonomy and safety of his/her daily movements. The objective of this work is to observe and understand the behavior of users in controlled and reproducible situations close to those of everyday life. For this purpose, five experimental protocols were tested among 12 blind participants with between 2 and 20 years of daily use of Tom Poucce III (comparing the performance with the electronic cane and the simple white cane) as well as among 12 sighted subjects using their sight: locomotor pointing, choice of one passage among several, passability of an opening, navigation in a congested space, navigation over a long period in a moderately congested space. In addition to analyzing the results of the protocols, we also discuss the different cognitive processes and ecological variables involved in the locomotor control of blind subjects. This will allow to explain the limitations and errors in the regulation of the movement coming either from the human or from the tool. We conclude by proposing directions to improve the locomotor control for users of electronic canes
Laurent, Éric. "Une approche écologique de l'expertise cognitive : pour un fonctionnalisme à vocation intégrative". Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22036.
Pełny tekst źródłaHétu, Sébastien. "Approche écologique et multi-modale pour étudier l'observation d'actions". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25407.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring action observation, the perception-action system is responsible for the coupling between the visual and motor representations of observed movement. This coupling induces motor priming effects that could be useful for training the motor system of different clinical populations. This thesis main objective was to test if the effect induced by the observation of simple movements could be obtained during the observation of everyday movements. In order to answer this question, the effect of action observation was studied in healthy subjects using approaches in line with the interests of the rehabilitation domain. Furthermore, we aimed at investigating inter-individual differences in the response to action observation and differences pertaining to the method used to measure this response. Results suggest that the perception-action system is recruited to a greater extend by unfamiliar actions. Our data also indicate that observation of everyday movements can produce anatomically congruent facilitation patterns. Importantly, the magnitude and the pattern of response to action observation greatly vary between individuals. Results also indicate that the facilitation effects can vary depending on the method used to study action observation. Indeed, there seem to be no relation between the behavioral and physiological markers of motor facilitation induced by action observation. Similar to what was shown in studies using simple movements, observing everyday movements can induce a pattern of motor facilitation where the visual representation of the observed movement is associated with its representation in the observer’s motor repertoire. The important inter-individual differences in the effects produced by action observation suggest that some individuals could respond more easily to action observation than others. Hence, identifying patients for whom rehabilitation using action observation could be the most beneficial could ensure a more efficient use of this approach. An important future step in the clinical use of action observation will be the identification of markers that could best predict the clinical improvements produced with action observation.
Defrize, Jérémy. "Camouflage chez les araignées crabe : approche sensorielle, comportementale et écologique". Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR4044/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMisumena vatia is assumed for more than a century to adapt its colouration to the colour of its substrate in order to decrease the risk of being detected by prey and predators. However, a discrepancy exists between the large quantity of works on its ecology, its fame as an expert of camouflage and the empirical knowledge about its cryspis and colour change mechanisms. The aim of this thesis was therefore to study crypsis from a community sensory perspective, using an approach combing physiology, behaviour and colour vision models. We showed that if M. vatia was undetectable at long distance through achromatic vision, the chromatic contrast value is quite dependent of both substrates and receiver identities. Electrophysiological recordings and behavioural choices all concur to show that M. vatia is able to see colours. Spiderlings use this ability for making choices among coloured backgrounds diminishing its conspicuousness to potential prey. Finally, the results of this thesis are discussed in an evolutionary and physiological context
Gallet, Romain. "Approche écologique et évolutuve du système proie-prédateur Pseudomonas fluorescens-Bdellovibrio bacteriovarus". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066174.
Pełny tekst źródłaRabeyron, Thomas. "Approche psychodynamique et cognitive des expériences exceptionnelles". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20068.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation, conducted in co-direction with Edinburgh University, proposes a psychodynamic and cognitive approach towards exceptional experiences or subjective “paranormal” experiences. The main objective is to understand the conditions of emergence of these original clinical experiences, and to determine the psychological processes that underlie them. After a historical and epistemological review of work on these experiences, analysing in particular the writings of Freud and Ferenczi, we determine the main characteristics by relying on a literature review from psychoanalytical psychology and cognitive psychology. Then, due to quantitative research carried out at Edinburgh University, including a questionnaire and an experimental task used during two successive studies (n=162), we show the importance of traumas, psychological permeability and negative life events in people who report exceptional experiences. We then propose five theoretical and clinical hypotheses, from 55 clinical cases obtained mainly through a counselling service dedicated to people reporting exceptional experiences, which was set up for this PhD. The analyses developed in this work propose an “integrative and clinical model of exceptional experiences”. This model first sheds light on the fact that these unusual experiences could be considered as a specific form of reaction to negative life events, as a “paranormal solution” that occurs, in a number of cases, after an “inaugural paranormal experience”. This solution, which finds its roots in certain early relationships and different traumas from childhood, could lead to a strong psychological permeability. This permeability would favour the emergence of exceptional experiences during adulthood in different forms of unconscious psychological transmissions. These experiences could also correspond to the “breaking” of the containing hallucinatory field, with the influence of different altered states of consciousness, and more precisely hypnotic states. Finally, these experiences could be considered as the resurgence of a “primary communication” that would implicate characteristics of primary symbolisation and would question more generally their potentially positive aspect and the nature of the interactions they imply
Mouzé-Amady, Marc. "Contribution à une approche écologique de la cognition : effets des nuisances physiques sur des enchaînements de traitement de l'information". Nancy 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN21005.
Pełny tekst źródłaCognitive psychology considers physical environment as being at most interference in information processing. Nevertheless, we assume that recognizing the full part of environment leads to (a) an improvement in the predictive power of cognitive models, and (b) provides a sharp methodological tool, which can reveal the cognitive processes and the physiological mechanisms regulating the world-organism relationships. This twofold hypothesis has been tested by investigating the behavioral and physiological effects of physical stressors (inadequate noise and lighting) during a simulated procee control (a complex cognitive task). In such conditions, the subjects' response times are not affected in the same way, depending on the nature of the ongoing processing (perception, diagnosis, decision. . . ), its temporal location within the response pattern, and the type of environment. Moreover, close to these changes in performance, we observed changes in the physiological time-locked indicators (cardiac output, cerebral activation, hemispheric asymmetry. . . ). These results allow validating use of physical factors as probes within the frame of an ecological model of information processing
Georgsdottir, Asta Solveig. "La flexibilité cognitive : une approche différentielle et développementale". Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05A002.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlexandre, Boris. "Acceptation et utilisation d'outils : vers une approche cognitive". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2021/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhat drives us to use a tool, and why is a tool accepted or rejected by a user? This thesis proposes to study the question of acceptability (i.e. the a priori intention to use a tool, before use) and especially of the acceptance (i.e. the decision or the intention to use a tool, after real use), from the perspective of cognitive aspects of tool use. After a review of the literature onthis subject, which lists 142 criteria of acceptance, we propose a new theoretical reading grid by classifying the criteria present in the literature in four categories of criteria: Utility, ease of use, aesthetic and a final criterion, social, contextual and individual differences. Following our theoretical part, which also explores the field of cognitive tools, the mechanisms of decision making in the use of tools and the role of metacognition, experimental results are also presented. In a first set of experiments, participants are faced with physical tools that vary according to different criteria (utility, ease of use and aesthetics). We are interested in the differences between acceptability and acceptance phases and by criteria specific to the tool which guide user representations of tools and user preferences. The results show that there is a hierarchy of criteria. In the acceptability phase, it is the ease of use criterion that has the greatest influence. On the other hand, in the acceptance phase, the criterion of utility has a greater influence, whether in terms of preference (ranking position) or time spent on the tool. Aesthetics has no influence on user choices. In a second set of experiments, we study the influence of performances for different cognitive functions in the use of tools. Participants are exposed to cognitive tools that support different cognitive functions (memory, selective visual attention,decision making). We have sought to know in which cognitive functions users prefer to be assisted, and whether these preferences are rational, i.e. whether they are related to their performance or the meta-representation of their performance in these same cognitive functions. In the results, we observe that the tool assisting the working memory is widely preferred, butthat there are user profiles, some preferring to be assisted in visual attention or decision making. This preference is based on the meta-representation of the performance, and not on the performance itself. The results show that the more the subjects feel that they are bad in a cognitive function, the more they will use a tool that assists this same cognitive function, regardless of their actual performance in this cognitive function. Finally, a general discussion studies the impact of the results obtained in this thesis. In this last part of the manuscript, we propose to reflect and conclude on the consequences and the implications of our results, and we propose perspectives and questions on the future evolutions of the questions related to the acceptance of the tool
Decombeix, Isabelle. "Etude de l’adaptation aux milieux calaminaires chez Arabidopsis halleri : approche écologique, génétique et phénotypique". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10123/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the context of global changes, understanding the evolution of species, and especially local adaptation, is a major challenge. Some species are present in polluted areas where zinc, cadmium and leab are present in high and toxic concentrations (metallicolous populations, M) but also in non-polluted areas (non-metallicolous populations, NM). They are called pseudo-metallophytes and are metal tolerant, and sometimes metal hyperaccumulating. In order to understand better the adaptation of Arabidopsis halleri to polluted areas we studied M and NM populations at a local scale. Because the adaptation implies some phenotypic variations and results from the action of selective pressures we used an ecological, phenotypical and genetical approach. We showed that (1) populations differed not only by metal concentrations but also by other environmental parameters which could act as selective pressures on zinc tolerance and accumulation, (2) separating populations in M or NM groups is not adequate to study local adaptation, (3) plant responses are trait and environmental dependant, (4) the genetic architecture of zinc tolerance is a network of epistatic and additive effects and more globally (5) we suggest that the adaptation to metalliferous environments has evolved in response to a lot of selective pressures which have led to multi-tolerance to numerous ecological factors
Liron, Romain. "Approche écologique dans la conception d’outils cognitifs dans le domaine administratif : application à l’artisanat du bâtiment". Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIL391/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work adopts the cognitive engineering framework for the design and evaluation of cognitive tools interfaces in the administrative handicraft field. This framework relies on an ecological approach of work systems. The objectives of this work were twofold. First, it consisted in showing the heuristic value of the ecological approach. Second, we aimed at proposing a user interface for a mobile digital cognitive tool assisting administrative tasks. More precisely, we proposed to consolidate the work domain analysis framework by considering some of the more complex characteristics to model, that is to say recursion and the ethical dimension. Afterwards, we tested a recent method named “Turing Machine Task Analysis” to validate and verify the work domain model. We also proposed a new verification and validation method for work domain model, named “viewpoints method”. Based on a modeling of the administrative handicraft domain, we tested several user interface mockups for a cognitive tool. This experiment permitted us to measure the degree of application of the Ecological Interface Design principles. Finally, we proposed and tested a final mockup for craftsmen
Raude, Jocelyn. "La dynamique des perceptions des risques sanitaires : le cas des maladies à transmission vectorielle dans les départements français d'outre-mer". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0280.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhat is the relationship between health risk perceptions and the epidemiological context - especially when it is unstable? As part of this thesis, we focused on the three main components highlighted by Stokols in the analysis of context effects on health behaviors. It is a question of the spatial dimension of the phenomenon (how does the proximity of the risk affect the perception of health risks?). On the other hand, it is the temporal or diachronic dimension of the phenomenon (what are the temporal patterns that characterize the perception of health risks?). Finally, it is the socio-cultural dimension of the phenomenon (to what extent do people's social conditions influence how they perceive risks?). On the basis of a review of the literature and a series of questionnaire surveys conducted in the French overseas departments, we proceeded to verify a series of hypotheses on the spatio-temporal and sociocultural dynamics of perceptions. the risk of vector-borne diseases (dengue, chikungunya and Zika). These data have been presented in three scientific papers that will form the empirical part of this thesis. In general, this research allows us to highlight effects of habituation and / or minimization of health risks that have been poorly documented in the psychological literature. The latter, however, seem to be modulated to a large extent by phenomena of social influence that require better characterization in future research
Charles, Philippe. "Approche cognitive de la lecture et de son apprentissage". Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR21011.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe general framework of this thesis is a survey of individual differences in the process of learning how to read within a school environment from the point of view of processing technique as used by 6 to 7 years old learner, specifically in the field of word identification and the part played by context in this procedure. It includes an assessment of the functioning of the French educational system. Next we shall the concepts connected with a cognitive approach of literacy and particularly the notion of strategy. A third chapter proposes the analysis of errors in voiced reading (with isolated words vs words inside a context). These mistakes, which are taken into account as "signs" of the strategies used, are arranged in three categories : graphemic, codal and contextual mistakes
Molet, Mikaël. "Temps, saillance et contexte : une approche cognitive de l'apprentissage". Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL30023.
Pełny tekst źródłaSix articles on time, salience and context are presented in this present work. The four of the most popular models in cognitive behaviourism are used. The scalar expectancy theory (Gibbon, 1977) accounted for time effect. Three experimental articles explored the inhibition of delay and superposition result in human conditioned avoidance. Rescorla-Wagner (1972) and Makintosch (1975) learning models accounted for salience effect. A critical paper reviewed the powerful heuristic of the Rescorla-Wagner model. Additionally, an experimental paper explored the salience effect in human predictive learning. The theory of Bouton (1993) accounted for context effect. A second critical paper reviewed the literature in causal/predictive learning on context effect of extinction
Molet, Mikaël Leconte-Lambert Claire. "Temps, saillance et contexte une approche cognitive de l'apprentissage /". Lille : A.N.R.T, 2006. http://documents.univ-lille3.fr/files/pub/www/recherche/theses/MOLLET_MICKAEL.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaJuhel, Jacques. "Traitement de l'information visuelle et aptitudes spatiales : approche cognitive et différentielle". Rennes 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN20012.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the first part of this work, we draw the typical stages of the visual information processing and try to show the part of the "encoding opportunities" in the visualization of the corresponding mental representation. We therefore examine the limited capacity of short term visual memory and visual code's sensitivity to presentation's type (successive vs simultaneous). A set of experimental studies using the visual comparison's paradigm are described in the second chapter; they inspect independence and complementarity of internal codes, activated in the post-iconic processing of information. We develop the problem of knowledge representation (propositional vs analogic) and study it experimentally by means of different paradigm (visual synthesis and mental transformation). In the third chapter of this thesis we make out the assessment of the factorial studies on spatial abilities: promising prospects of cognitive and differential approach are recalled. In this context, the last experiment try to understand the differences between individual performance measured by psychometric tests and the one reflected by visual memory tasks
Juhel, Jacques. "Traitement de l'information visuelle et aptitudes spatiales approche cognitive et différentielle /". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614580d.
Pełny tekst źródłaDa, Fonseca David. "Théories implicites de l'intelligence et difficultés scolaires : Approche Socio-Cognitive". Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22089.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuastavino, Catherine. "Etude sémantique et acoustique de la perception des basses fréquences dans l'environnement sonore urbain". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066148.
Pełny tekst źródłaDulin, David. "Imagerie mentale et déficience visuelle : approche cognitive, fonctionnelle et pathologique des représentations mentales". Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100207.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe results of this study revealed on the one hand visual deficits of peripheral origin, affecting the perception of faces, colours or spelling material, set representational disorders in the corresponding areas and, on the other side, that the visually impaired can activate data stored thanks to haptic modality in order to improve their performance in mental imagery tasks of spelling material. Results indicated that the perceptive and representational processes could not be undertaken by the same cortical structures since the unilateral lesions of the subjects’ cortex did not systematically lead to representational disorders. Finally, results suggest that the brain-damaged patients’ representational disorders could be linked with the presence of attentional disorders and lesions spreading beyond the primary visual cortex. The second part of the experimentation suggested that learning a certain number of mainly visual codes, exploratory strategies and the use of raised line materials would allow the blind to compensate the deficit due to blindness (be it congenital or late) in certain visuo-spatial imagery tasks. These observations all present mental imagery as a consequence to the information synthesis generated by the different sensoral modalities and which could be under the influence of attention processes and tacit knowledge
Grego, Fabien. "Fatigue et fonction cognitive lors d'exercices de longue durée : approche neurophysiologique et métabolique". Toulon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUL0013.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe physiological effects of prolonged exercise of moderate intensity are well known. On the opposite, few studies have focused on the effects of matabolic and neurophysiological modifications on central nervous sustem working and on cognitive function. The aim of thie work was to test the hypthesis always suggested but rarely validated that the modification of the physiological state by prolonged exercise affect information processins afficiency. Ours results confirm, for duration's inferiors to one hour, the positive effects of exercise and validate the empiric idea observed experimentally of an alteration capacities of subjects for exercise duration exceeding 2 hours. Further studies, in particular in animal model, are necessary to evaluate the respective influence of certain cerebral neurotransmitters in cognitive fatigue processes
Pelchat, Mylène. "Compréhension et intervention de l'insomnie chez les adolescents : approche cognitive comportementale et psychodynamique". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2010. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1262/1/030157788.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDesjourdy, Alain. "Profil de l'électorat du Bloc Québécois entre 2000 et 2008". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2614.
Pełny tekst źródłaChallal, Yacine. "Sécurité de l'Internet des Objets : vers une approche cognitive et systémique". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866052.
Pełny tekst źródłaGeorgieff, Nicolas. "Éléments d'une approche théorique et expérimentale cognitive du langage en psychopathologie". Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T143.
Pełny tekst źródłaMARIE, ROSE MARIE. "Fonctions executives : approche cognitive et metabolique dans la maladie de parkinson". Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066663.
Pełny tekst źródłaBordignon, Frédérique. "Une approche cognitive du potentiel sémantique et constructionnel du verbe "casser"". Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/66/01/56/PDF/2003CLF20013.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work deals with the semantic and constructional potential of "casser". It fits into the Cognitive Grammar framework (Langacker, 1987) and ore particularly the Network model that provides two types of categorisation relationship and the concepts of schema and prototype that helps giving account of the various usages of a lexical item. These usages have been identified thanks to a corpus of literary and journalistic texts. Moreover, experiments have been made with French speakers (sentences classification) and french-slovak bilingual speakers in order to better define the semantic of the French verbs "casser" and "briser" and the relationship that unites one with the other. For the description of the constructional potential, "casser" is compared to "couper. They share the same syntactic behaviour as far as abstracts uses of "casser" and all the uses of "couper" are concerned. This phenomenon is described in terms of transitivity and ergativity as they have been described by Davidse (1998)
Anacleto, Louçã Jorge. "Cartographie cognitive, réflexion stratégique et interaction distribuée : une approche multi-agent". Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090028.
Pełny tekst źródłaDiallo, Alassane. "Changement climatique et migrations humaines au Sénégal : une approche en termes de vulnérabilité du système socio-écologique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAE004/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaClimate change and human migration are two major issues of our time. Starting from the observation of a dichotomous knowledge between maximalists and minimalists, which results in a limited capacity of scientific research to take into account the dynamic and complex interactions between climate and human migrations, this thesis proposes a better understanding and explanation of the climate-migration relations through a renewed and integrative approach (the vulnerability of the socio-ecological system). It aims to fulfill two objectives. On the one hand, to produce new knowledges those take into accounts socio-ecological interactions and feedbacks at different spatial and temporal scales and, on the other hand, to propose a quantified instrumentation of these social-ecological interactions and feedback. This contribution could serve as a starting point for a decision-making tool to evolve towards more targeted and effective policies.This thesis emphasizes a certain difficulty in highlighting a robust relationship between climate change and migration in the Sahel region. This latter, often seen as a relatively homogeneous entity, presents complex socio-economic and physical-climatic spatial heterogeneities that do not allow a stronger understanding of migratory movements which are in change since the 1970s. For this purpose, a reduced complexity model, based both on a partitioning of the study area (Senegal) and a partitioning of data (agro-ecological zones and regions of Senegal), is mobilized as a framework for the analysis of social-ecological migrations in terms of vulnerability induced by climate change. Thus, the innovative heuristic framework built (knowledge model with a sequencing of variables) has made it possible to instrument the climate-migration relationships within Senegal.Our results show an accelerating/amplifying climatic effect of interregional migrations underlying the living conditions of populations. In general, climate alone is not sufficient to "produce" migration. The climatic effects channel through the socio-economic variables (initial vulnerability). Under these results, we retained in fine the name of "eco-climatic migrants". Thus, policies relating to eco-climatic migration in this western part of the Sahel should move towards both: (i) development issues by reducing socio-economic vulnerabilities (poverty and inequality) by acting on the environment and the populations consistently and extensively respectively; and (ii) climate economics issues by reducing the physical-climatic vulnerability through appropriate mitigating and adapting policies to face climate change
Lamarque, Penelope. "Une approche socio-écologique des services écosystémiques. Cas d'étude des prairies subalpines du Lautaret". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770307.
Pełny tekst źródłaLamarque, Pénélope. "Une approche socio-écologique des services écosystémiques. Cas d'étude des prairies subalpines du Lautaret". Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENV036/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe ecosystem service (ES) concept is increasingly used in different scientific disciplines and is spreading into policy and business circles to draw attention to the benefits that people receive from biodiversity and ecosystems. Nevertheless, while the number of case studies considering various dimensions of the interactions between ecosystems and land use via ES has been steadily increasing, integrated research addressing interrelationships between biodiversity, ES and land use has remained mostly theoretical. This thesis aims through a socio-ecological approach to understand: (1) Which ES are potentially delivered given ecological dynamics, (2) how these ES are perceived by stakeholders in terms of value and knowledge, (3) how human management affects ES delivery, and (4) how ES are taken into account in land management decisions, thereby considering feedbacks from ecosystem to the land use system through ES. To address these questions, an interdisciplinary study was conducted on Villar d'Arène (French Alps) a municipality where the subalpine landscape is shaped by extensive mountain livestock farming. Statistical modelling and geographical information systems where combined to analyse the determinants of the spatial distribution of biodiversity and ES within the landscape using ecological (including plant functional traits), biophysical and land-use data. The following ES were mapped: agronomic value, aesthetic value, water quality, carbon storage, soil fertility, soil moisture, conservation of plant diversity and pollination. These allowed us to quantify trade-offs and synergies in the current landscape and to identify key management types supporting multifunctionality. The dynamics of ES was projected under four different scenarios integrating climatic, socio-economic and land-use changes, which were developed using a participative approach with regional experts and local farmers. Analyses of projected scenario impacts showed that ES synergies and trade-offs evolve differently when considering direct effects of climate on ecosystems, and/or their indirect effects through farmers adaptive responses. Interviews with local stakeholders (experts from nature conservation and agricultural extension, farmers and inhabitants) of mountain grasslands showed that the ES concept is still relatively unknown in explicit terms. Nevertheless after defining ES to interviewees, they expressed a variety of relevant interests and knowledge. Although all stakeholders valued a common set of ecosystem services (agronomic value, aesthetic value, water quality, and conservation of plant diversity), we identified negative and positive representations of the effects of grassland management on ecosystem services, depending on stakeholders perceptions of the relationships between soil fertility and biodiversity, and biodiversity and the other services. Finally, a role-playing game explored how ES cognition mediated environmental feedbacks on farmers' behaviours. Results emphasized the influence of other factors such as socio-economic or climatic context, topographic constraints, social value of farming or farmer individual and household characteristics, on the link between ES and land-management decisions. This case study demonstrates the interest of an integrated approach decomposing the feedback loop from ecosystems to land use when studying ES for scientific or policy purposes
Gaillard, Vinciane. "Relations entre conscience et contrôle dans l'apprentissage de séquences: une approche intégrée". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210661.
Pełny tekst źródłaDoctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Simon, Linda. "Rumeurs, faux souvenirs et croyances religieuses : une approche cognitive et sociale des liens possibles". Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT3036.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research aims to link the concepts of rumors, false memories and religious beliefs. Specifically, it is postulated that, during the transmission of a rumor related to religion, false memories are created to defend the individual’s membership and beliefs. An initial qualitative study has been conducted among 391 students and allows us to clarify subjects’ religious beliefs and non-beliefs. The possibility of observing false memories associated with religion has been the subject of a second study using the DRM paradigm among 170 students. Actually, memory distortions related to religion concept have been observed, but they do not seem to be related to participants’ beliefs or non-beliefs. A final study used the misinformation method in order to convey a situation of rumor transmission among 77 students including 22 controls. If unverified information is provided by another person, its acceptance appears to be particularly important when this information represents a threat to the subject’s religious membership. However, the creation of false memories and differential false memories is subject to conditions
Méreaux, Jean-Paul. "Fusions-acquisitions et systèmes comptables : une approche typologique acculturative". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682192.
Pełny tekst źródłaGaillard, Raphaël. "Représentation sémantique inconsciente et valence émotionnelle : approche neurophysiologique et comportementale". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066433.
Pełny tekst źródłaBOSSE, JEAN-DOMINIQUE. "Approche cognitivo-comportementale de l'alcoolisme en centre d'hygiene alimentaire et d'alcoologie". Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE6553.
Pełny tekst źródłaEngone, Elloué Nestor. "Justice environnementale globale et responsabilité historique : une approche restauratrice". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30005.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe treatment of global environmental inequalities must take into account the difference in the impact of countries in the advent of the environmental crisis. These inequalities do not emphasize only redistribution injustices related to the sharing of environmental burdens or historical injustices related to colonial ecological liabilities and historic greenhouse gas emissions from the Northern countries They also imply injustices of participation and recognition. The distributive approach and the corrective approach to environmental injustices do not make it possible to repair all these injustices. The use of the paradigm of restorative justice could allow to overcome their limitations and defects. The restorative approach has two main benefits. The first one is to consider the multidimensional nature of environmental injustices and to refocus on a wide range of justice needs of state and non-state victims : need for redressing historical injustices, need for recognition, need for participation, need for redistribution and need for assistance. The second advantage is the consideration of the process of justice into a transformative logic for the prevention of environmental injustices. With this aim in mind, we propose the institutionalization of a "global ecological democracy » through the transformation of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) into an ecological and democratic institution with supranational sovereignty
Lapeyrie, Frédéric. "Les mycorhizes de l'eucalyptus en conditions d'excès de carbonate de calcium : approche écologique et physiologique des associés ectomycorhiziens". Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10056.
Pełny tekst źródłaVollaire, Yan. "Les polluants organiques persistants dans une lagune méditerranéenne protégée (réserve de biosphère MAB-UNESCO) : approche écologique et écotoxicologique". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112301.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe evaluation and the prediction of the ecotoxicological impact of the organic contaminants constitute essential stages to halt the biodiversity loss and to reinforce the capacities in management of ecosystems. In a first time, this present study aimed to check the potency of the stable isotopes methodology applied to an anthropized environment. Following this objective, two studies using the perch Perca fluviatilis, raised and fed under controlled conditions, were carried out. The first study showed the variation of the fractionation factor when the diet changed, the second showed that a food contamination, with an organic, pollutant had no effect on the discrimination factor in liver, gills and muscle of perch. The method of the stable isotopes, applied to a food web in the Vaccarès lagoon (Camargue, South of the France), allowed to characterise of a biomagnification process of some organic contaminants. The latter occurred for molecules of different Kow and sometimes for Kow lower than 5 (e. G. Pesticides). In the aim of preventing the appearance of associated pathologies, the validation of in situ biomarkers was often considered. Even if, the activity of the AChE in eel varied with the degree of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the evaluated biochemical indicators showed the inconsistency of the principle of “universal biomarker”. Finally, to these main objectives, was added the understanding of the role played by rice fields in the contamination of a food web in the Vaccarès lagoon, and the use of bivalve filters, Corbicula fluminea, in the monitoring of the water quality
Dumas, Stéphanie. "Approche écologique du comportement motivé et EIAH gamifié : Le cas d’une activité d’apprentissage du calcul littéral en 4ème". Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE2001.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study enhances an ecological approach of the motivated behaviour of learners in their 9th class, carried out as a part of a literal arithmetic learning activity, and mediated by a gamified Computing Environment for Human Learning (CEHL), in which game elements are implemented. This approach shows that motivated behaviour and gamification are situated. This means that the effects produced depend in part on the individual characteristics of learners (sex, socioeconomic affiliation). Furthermore, it also depends on their relationship to mathematics (initial motivation), and to the game (player profile). In addition, it hinges on their perception of the motivational style of the teacher, which is characterized by the autonomy left to the learner, the way the teacher structures the activity and is involved in it. The ecological approach thus makes it possible to find a set of determinants of motivated behaviour in a non-hierarchical learner-CEHL-teacher relationship, showing the conditions for the integration for this type of CEHL
Bediou, Benoit. "Reconnaissance des expressions faciales dans la schizophrénie : approche clinique, cognitive et neurophysiologique". Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10301.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this series of studies was to categorize the invalidating facial expression recognition impairment in schizophrenia. At a clinical level, our results show the time stability of this deficit in the course of the illness as well as in subjects genetically at-risk for schizophrenia, suggesting endophenotypal characteristics. At the cognitive level, we report a selective deficit in facial emotional processing (compared to gender). However, detrimental effects of contextual information (facial identity) on emotion recognition performance, probably reflects altered context processing and/or selective attention deficit. Finally, our Event Related Potentials study reveals a dysfunction of the occipito-fronto-temporal network during facial expression recognition in schizophrenia patients. The amygdala, whose size is reduced in schizophrenia patients and in high-risk subjects, may also participate in this deficit, though it is not accessible to ERP recordings
Arvanitakis, Laurence. "Interaction entre la teigne du chou Plutella xylostella (L.) et ses principaux parasitoïdes en conditions tropicales : approche éthologique, écologique et évolutive". Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984578.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoissonnade, Romain. "Apprendre et raisonner : approche développementale et socio-cognitive du rôle des situations collectives et individuelles d'apprentissage". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00663351.
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