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Al, Samad Assala. "Fonctionnalisation photochimique de polyesters dégradables pour applications en santé". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT209/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor decades, aliphatic polyesters (polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactide (PLA), polyglycolide (PGA)) and their copolymers have been selected for medical applications because of their biodegradability and their biocompatibility. Among their medical applications, we are interested in drug delivery system based on amphiphilic copolymers and tissue engineering. However, aliphatic polyesters suffer from significant hydrophobicity and the absence of functional groups. To overcome these drawbacks, several strategies ofchemical modifications have been reported in literature among which we present: hydrolysis, plasma modification, post polymerization modification by copper catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition and thiol-yne post polymerization modification. These modifications have been used to introduce hydrophilic polymers (eg. polyethylene glycol) or functional groups on the polyester chains that can enhance the biodegradability of polyesters. In this manuscript, we are interested in modifying PCL and PLA chains by thiol-yne photochemical route. This method is rapid, versatile, applicable in solution as well as on surface and it does not require the use of a metallic catalyst which can be harmful for medical applications. First, PCL modification was done in solution and amphiphilic copolymers PCL-g-PEG were synthesized. The strategy “grafting to” in two steps has been selected starting from commercial polymers. Conditions optimization of anionic activation, followed by thiol-yne photoaddition, allowed us to obtain copolymers with controlled ratios hydrophilic/hydrophobic. The impact of copolymers hydrophilicity on nanoobjets formulation, critical micelle concentration and sizes was studied. Curcumin encapsulation as an anticancer agent and nanocarriers cytotoxicity towards cancer cells were verified. In addition, these copolymers were then decorated with a targeting peptide and an enzymatically cleavable peptide in the aim of using them in cancer treatment. The biological effect of anticancer loaded copolymer was verified in vitro on target cells expressing more or less integrins or metalloproteases. Second, PLA fibers were modified with inorganic nanoparticles and generate covalent hybrids for purposes in tissue engineering of neuronal cells. Analogously to the solution modification, these hybrids were obtained in two steps by anionic activation of PLA fibers, followed by covalent grafting of iron oxide nanoparticles according to a thiol-yne photochemical strategy
Colvez, François. "La carte à microprocesseur et ses applications dans le domaine de la santé publique". Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P231.
Pełny tekst źródłaPichetti, Sylvain. "La concurrence par comparaison, applications en économie de la santé". Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA0001.
Pełny tekst źródłaYardstick competition is a way of regulating several regional monopolies so as to induce a form of competition that weakens individual firms' monopolies of information and hence improves the terms of the trade-off between allocative, productive and distributional efficiency. This is done by making the reward to one firm depend on its performance relative to that of other firms. This promising mechanism is however rarely applied in economics. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that it is difficult to compare firms whose environments are heterogeneous. The DEA method is very convenient to treat this problem. The important potential of the method as a way of comparison is illustrated by two original contributions centered on health economics. The first one aims at estimating the efficiency of hospitals in order to assign to each of them a budget target. The second one aims at estimating the efficiency of health expenses at the departmental level through the DEA method
Parent, Charlotte. "Développement d'une plateforme autonome et portable et pour des applications santé". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY037/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMicrosystems utilizing microfluidic techniques offer the possibility to perform point-of-need biological analysis. An objective of these systems is to increase the efficiency, speed and accessibility of these analyses. In order to effectively develop this kind of device, a set of criteria must be established and adhered to. This set should address cost limitations, portability, user-friendliness, and accuracy of the results. Another objective is to propose a new portable system that has the capability to address as many applications as possible. To this end, complex biological assays with multiple steps and multiple reagents must be integrated and automated. ELISA is one such assay being considered.To deal with this issue, an innovative technique employs a hyper-elastic material joined to an X-Y architecture. The resulting chambers are flexible, thus allowing for calibration and mixing on the range of 1 µL to hundreds of µL. Several protocols are integrated and validated in microfluidic chips in order of increasing complexity. To start, a range of dilutions is performed, which is then used to calibrate biological assay. Next, an enzymatic assay and a homogeneous ELISA are integrated. Finally, heterogeneous ELISA, which is the aimed assay, is achieved.We present here a prototype to demonstrate the handling of the microfluidic chip. This platform is versatile and compatible with those that have been previously developed. Additionally, the introduction and integration of liquid reagents is proposed in order to completely automate the protocol
Dramaix, Wilmet Michèle. "Stratégies d'analyse statistique en épidémiologie: choix, applications et interprétation des méthodes. Approche critique par l'analyse d'études épidémiologiques". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212465.
Pełny tekst źródłaSpadaro, Joseph Vito. "Évaluation des dommages de la pollution de l'air : modélisation, études de sensibilité et applications". ENSMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0890.
Pełny tekst źródłaLanzini, Justine. "Recherche de biomarqueurs et études lipidomiques à travers diverses applications en santé". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB126.
Pełny tekst źródłaBiomarker was defined as "a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacological responses to therapeutic intervention". The scientific interest in biomarkers is more and more important. They allow, in particular, to better understand pathogenic processes and to diagnose, even to predict pathologies. "Omics" studies, such as lipidomics, play an essential role in the new biomarkers discovery. Lipidomics consist in exploring biological samples lipidome and in detecting pathogenic impact on this latter. Lipids are a large and important metabolite family found in all living cells. Their quantity is estimated to more than 100,000 species in mammals. They are involved, in particular, in the energy storage and the signal transduction. My PhD thesis involved carrying out lipidomics approaches with LC-MS through various health applications such as severe combined immunodeficiency associated with alopecia syndrome, infantile nystagmus syndrome and renal graft rejection. For this purpose, multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were carried out in order to detect potential lipid biomarkers
Adeline, Amélie. "Santé, revenu et caractéristiques individuelles : trois applications microéconométriques sur les Européens âgés". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0955/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn many countries, governments set public policies to reduce health inequalities, based on income redistribution or on reducing the costs associated to the access to care for the poorest individuals. These policies are based on the fact that there is a relationship between individual income and health status. This doctoral dissertation analyses the latter, using the survey ``Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe", which considers Europeans aged 50 and over. We first show that individual income is positively related with health in a concave way (Absolute Income Hypothesis). Results also suggest that income inequalities in a country affect all members in this society (strong version of the Income Inequality Hypothesis). Then, the underlying mechanisms of the latter hypothesis show that to reduce income-related health inequalities, governments should promote investments in human and social capital. Moreover, individuals are sensitive in following the common cultural model of the standard of living. Thereafter, we implement a simultaneous analysis of health and income using a Full Information Maximum Likelihood estimator. This allows to highlight two-way causality of income and health, as well as, the presence of unobserved individual characteristics common to both outcomes. Finally, on a concrete example, the one of public policies against smoking, this doctoral dissertation simultaneously investigates smoking, income, and risk aversion. Results highlight the importance of individual preferences in the smoking decision. Indeed, European smokers aged 50 and over are present-oriented, such that they do not consider the harmful effects of smoking on health; and are, either risk averse because of anxiety, or, risk lover when they agree to take the risk of altering their health
Druet, Tom. "Tomographie passive par ondes guidées pour des applications de contrôle santé intégré". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0032/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis manuscript presents a baseline-free quantitative method for the imaging of corrosion flaws present in thin plates. This method only requires an embedded guided waves sensors network in a fully passive way. The field ofapplications are Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of critical structures with heavy constrains on both sensors intrusiveness and diagnostic reliability. A promising solution allowing to increase the number of measurement points without increasing the intrusiveness of the system is provided by the Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs). However, unlike piezoelectric transducers generally used in SHM, the FBGs cannot emit elastic waves. The idea consists in using passive methods in order to retrieve the Green function from elastic diffuse fields - naturally present in structures - measured simultaneously between two sensors. In this manuscript, two passive methods are studied: the ambient noise correlation and the passive inverse filter. It is shown that the latter gives better results when coupled with tomography. Several tomography algorithms are assessed with numerical simulations and then applied to active and passive datasets measured by a PZT network. In order to make passive tomography robust, a time of flight identification method is proposed, based on a time-frequency representation. Finally, a novel experimental demonstration of passive measurements with FBGs only is presented, suggesting high potential for FBGs passive tomography
Barros, Gavilanes Juan Gabriel. "Réseaux de capteurs pour applications de suivi médical". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/10664/1/barros.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaAuquier, Pascal. "Concepts et mesure de la qualité de vie liée à la santé : exemples et applications". Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON1T026.
Pełny tekst źródłaHoang, Huu Tinh. "Contrôle santé intégré passif par ondes élastiques guidées de tuyauteries pour applications nucléaires et pétrolières". Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0023.
Pełny tekst źródłaStructural Health Monitoring (SHM) consists in embedding sensors into a structure in order to monitor its health inreal time throughout its lifetime. The research works carried out in this thesis aimed at developing a new approachof SHM for the detection of corrosion/erosion in pipes. This manuscript presents a new quantitative imaging method,called passive elastic guided wave tomography, based on the use of an embedded network of piezoelectric sensors(PZT) listening and analyzing only the ambient elastic noise which is naturally generated by the fluid circulation inpipes. This passive method offers many advantages for a SHM system, such as reduction of energy consumption,simplified electronics and ability to perform an inspection while the structure is in operation. In addition, thispassive method makes SHM systems possible to use Fiber Bragg Grating sensors (FBG) which have several advantagesover traditional PZT sensors (low intrusivity, resistance to harsh environments, etc.) but which are not able to emitwaves. A first demonstration of the feasibility of corrosion/erosion imaging by FBG is illustrated experimentallythanks to a result obtained by hybrid tomography in which wave emission is performed by PZT and reception byFBG. All these works offer promising perspectives for the application of passive tomography on industrial structuresusing a pure FBG system. Among the various results presented in this thesis, we also show that corrosion/erosiondefects can be characterized by tomography on a straight pipe without the need for a baseline measurement in apristine state. It is feasible by using a new method of auto-calibration of the data used for tomography. The absenceof baseline measurement makes the method very reliable and avoid false alarms of the system. Finally, preliminarystudies on tomography for more complex structures such as a bended pipe have been realized and validated throughsimulations
Boumhaouad, Hatim. "Les pratiques d'information et de communication à l'aune du contexte socioculturel : cas des usagers des applications mobiles de santé au Maroc". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0040.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the last decade, the use of connected objects has rapidly evolved to converge towards the health's field. Our PhD work focuses on the information and communication practices of users of mobile health applications. If it appears from the literature (Arruabarrena, 2016; Lupton, 2015a; Mahmood et al., 2019; Vaghefi & Tulu, 2019) that mobile health applications are likely to help their users to "self-manage" their health, they are not sufficiently questioned from the point of view of the social changes (Lupton, 2014a) that they can generate in a society. This lack of reflection raises socio-cultural questions about how users integrate these mobile apps into their daily lives.Our thesis addresses how social factors combined with other factors, such as culture or level of education, can influence the information and communication practices of users in a particular context like Morocco. Moroccans find themselves between two ambivalent spheres: on the one hand, a conservative context where they are expected to conform to mores and inhibiting norms. On the other, the world of mobile health applications characterized by freedom of expression, where they can search or discuss health topics that are taboo in Moroccan society.To understand the information and communication practices of users, we first distributed a questionnaire, to which we obtained 384 responses. Secondly, during the period 2017 and 2021, we carried out semi-structured interviews with 35 users who glimpse disparate information practices.Our thesis has a double objective. Initially, we want to understand how Moroccans seek and communicate health information, in the light of the socio-cultural constraints that are specific to them. To do so, we have chosen the model of Pamela McKenzie (2003) which enables to elucidate the constraints of seeking health information and how the user can circumvent them. Secondly, we want to apprehend the representations of users relating to mobile health applications and their self-unveiling within these mobile apps.The results of our survey highlight the fact that the Moroccan socio-cultural context has certain particularities that can hinder information and communication practices in the health's field. It is a country marked by a high rate of illiteracy, by gender inequalities and by a community life based on religious taboo and respect for traditions. Consequently, users' information and communication practices may be in conformity or out of step with the norms and values of the context in which they live
Gervais, Marie-Laure. "Etude des intéractions protéine-protéine par double hybride bactérien : applications en agro-alimentaire et en santé". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555532.
Pełny tekst źródłaMakdessi, Maawad. "Modélisation, vieillissement et surveillance de l'état de santé des condensateurs films utilisés dans des applications avioniques". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058227.
Pełny tekst źródłaLehmann, Michel. "Programme de médicalisation des systèmes d'information : historique, développements, applications médicales et financières à un service de pneumologie". Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11152.
Pełny tekst źródłaDiallo, Alpha Oumar. "Inférence statistique dans des modèles de comptage à inflation de zéro. Applications en économie de la santé". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAR0027/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe zero-inflated regression models are a very powerful tool for the analysis of counting data with excess zeros from various areas such as epidemiology, health economics or ecology. However, the theoretical study in these models attracts little attention. This manuscript is interested in the problem of inference in zero-inflated count models.At first, we return to the question of the maximum likelihood estimator in the zero-inflated binomial model. First we show the existence of the maximum likelihood estimator of the parameters in this model. Then, we demonstrate the consistency of this estimator, and let us establish its asymptotic normality. Then, a comprehensive simulation study finite sample sizes are conducted to evaluate the consistency of our results. Finally, an application on real health economics data has been conduct.In a second time, we propose a new statistical analysis model of the consumption of medical care. This model allows, among other things, to identify the causes of the non-use of medical care. We have studied rigorously the mathematical properties of the model. Then, we carried out an exhaustive numerical study using computer simulations and finally applied to the analysis of a database on health care several thousand patients in the USA.A final aspect of this work was to focus on the problem of inference in the zero inflation binomial model in the context of missing covariate data. In this case we propose the weighting method by the inverse of the selection probabilities to estimate the parameters of the model. Then, we establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator offers. Finally, a simulation study on several samples of finite sizes is conducted to evaluate the behavior of the estimator
Moussa, Kouamé Richard. "Causalité en sciences sociales : quelques applications en microéconométrie appliquées à l'économie de la santé et du travail". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0816/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main objective of this thesis is to investigate on the econometric treatment of causality in social sciences and to provide some applications on the establishment of causality between health condition and job status, and on the early retirement decision based on health, estate and preferences for future.To analyze the causality between health and job statuses, two approaches are used in the ex-post framework. The parametric approach involves estimating a bivariate probit panel model that includes lagged values of the dependent variables as explanatory to measure Granger causality. Thus, the problem of endogeneity is accounted for. The initial conditions are accounted for by introducing specific equations. Individual effects allow dealing with individual heterogeneity. The second approach is a nonparametric one and is based on the Kullback causality measures. This approach allows measuring the dynamic of the causal links and its determinants.For analyzing the early retirement decision, we use a dynamic structural model. This model deals with health stock production and consumption functions, and with an inter temporal utility function. The first order conditions of the model allow predicting the probabilities of early retirement
Duprat, Philippe. "Mécanismes incitatifs et changement dans les systèmes de santé : applications à l'amélioration de la qualité et à l'évaluation". Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077154.
Pełny tekst źródłaGoursolle, Thomas. "Propriétés acoustiques non linéaires classiques et non classiques : Applications au contrôle de santé des matériaux de l'industrie aéronautique". Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00262426.
Pełny tekst źródłaNarbonne-Nguyen, The Tich Valérie. "Analyse de plusieurs marqueurs moléculaires de mycobactéries : applications épidemiologiques (doctorat : sciences de la vie et de la santé)". Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES3102.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuemeida, Abdelbasset. "Contributions à une nouvelle approche de Recherche d'Information basée sur la métaphore de l'impédance et illustrée sur le domaine de la santé". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00581322.
Pełny tekst źródłaBertaut, Éléonore. "Développement de nouvelles méthodologies pour la calorimétrie de titration isotherme : Applications aux domaines de l'environnement et de la santé". Thesis, Littoral, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DUNK0424/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work was dedicated to the development of new isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) methodologies for the characterization of intramolecula affinities, after validation of model system via capillary electrophoresis, UV-visible and NMR spectroscopy. We have demonstrated that the coupling of unconventional experiments with the conventional protocols generally improves the calorimetric characterization, with a dramatic decrease of the uncertainties on thermodynamic parameters. The potential of global analysis applied to differentiated experiments was evaluated on a theoretical level, allowing the definition of optimal experiments, depending on the type of studied complex. These strategies also enabled, on a experimental point of view, the study of complexations which cannot be analyzed by conventional approaches, in the case of complexes involving cyclodextrins or albumin. Indeed, our strategies overcomes the difficulties associated with athermic complexes, with complexes of low affinity, with multiple equilibria and with the low solubility of interacting partners. Finally, the evaluation of a new thermo-kinetic treatment of ITC thermograms has been achieved, further increasing the potential of this technique in the characterization of molecular interactions
Zgheib, Rita. "SeMoM, a semantic middleware for IoT healthcare applications". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30250/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaNowadays, the adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has received a considerable interest from both academia and industry. It provides enhancements in quality of life, business growth and efficiency in multiple domains. However, the heterogeneity of the "Things" that can be connected in such environments makes interoperability among them a challenging problem. Moreover, the observations produced by these "Things" are made available with heterogeneous vocabularies and data formats. This heterogeneity prevents generic solutions from being adopted on a global scale and makes difficult to share and reuse data for other purposes than those for which they were originally set up. In this thesis, we address these challenges in the context of healthcare applications considering how we transform raw data to cognitive knowledge and ontology-based information shared between IoT system components. With respect to heterogeneity and integration challenges, our main contribution is an ontology-based IoT architecture allowing the deployment of semantic IoT applications. This approach allows sharing of sensors observations, contextualization of data and reusability of knowledge and processed information. Specific contributions include: * Design of the Cognitive Semantic Sensor Network ontology (CoSSN) ontology: CoSSN aims at overcoming the semantic interoperability challenges introduced by the variety of sensors potentially used. It also aims at describing expert knowledge related to a specific domain. * Design and implementation of SeMoM: SeMoM is a flexible IoT architecture built on top of CoSSN ontology. It relies on a message oriented middleware (MoM) following the publish/subscribe paradigm for a loosely coupled communication between system components that can exchange semantic observation data in a flexible way. From the applicative perspective, we focus on healthcare applications. Indeed, specific approaches and individual prototypes are preeminent solutions in healthcare which straighten the need of an interoperable solution especially for patients with multiple affections. With respect to these challenges, we elaborated two case studies 1) bedsore risk detection and 2) Activities of Daily Living (ADL) detection as follows: * We developed extensions of CoSSN to describe each domain concepts and we developed specific applications through SeMoM implementing expert knowledge rules and assessments of bedsore and human activities. * We implemented and evaluated the SeMoM framework in order to provide a proof of concept of our approach. Two experimentations have been realized for that target. The first is based on a deployment of a system targeting the detection of ADL activities in a real smart platform. The other one is based on ADLSim, a simulator of activities for ambient assisted living that can generate a massive amount of data related to the activities of a monitored person
Derache, François. "Segmentation d’images échographiques pour applications spatiale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UNIP7330.
Pełny tekst źródłaMedical ultrasound scan is a common and relevant medical imaging process for medical monitoring and research. Non-invasive and low-cost, it also provides real-time images without ionizing radiations. As the space exploration will guide us further away from Earth, to the Moon, Mars and beyond, delay will impact real time interaction (Mars up to 40min delay) and tele operated system will no longer be an option, especially for astronauts medical monitoring and research protocols. Communication delays with the crew will extend, band coverage will rarefy, and lot of other challenges will appear. Furthermore, human physiological response will be a new field of investigation to make sure that astronaut underwent a safe evolution; do not develop any pathology that could affect the mission performances. To facilitate long distance sonography allowing any inexperienced user to perform an organ scan for a later post analysis by a professional, autonomous ultrasounds device, integrating automated detection of targeted organs is the next step. Our method suggests an innovative solution to identify, analyze, and segment organs in ultrasounds scans based on the greyscale study through a 1 dimensional approach. The method consists in analyzing a volume of images captured during volumic scans, identifying the organ, displaying the long and short axis views of it. The method will allow a distant expert sonographer to deliver a reliable medical diagnostic remotely. Our method analyzes, detects and segments organs in ultrasounds scan based on the greyscale variation along a one-dimensional segment in a 3D volume using a common 2D scanning probe
Dulou, Bernard. "La médiathèque et l'image, information support à l'apprentissage : concept, définition, applications et limites dans le Service de santé des Armées". Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30051.
Pełny tekst źródłaMorizur, Vincent. "Fonctionnalisation de polymères et applications dans les domaines de l’énergie, de la catalyse, de la cosmétique et de la santé". Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4102.
Pełny tekst źródłaPolymers are now being studied in many fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, nanotechnology, electronics, medicine or material science and have applications in areas such as automotive industry, food industry, fine chemistry. The objective of this thesis is to achieve the functionalization of polymers and modify the properties of these materials in order to consider new applications. We were interested in polymers with the poly(aryl ether) motif, more particularly poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK). This polymer is known for its mechanical, thermal, electrical properties and for its resistance to chemicals. In the first chapter, we present the functionalization of different polymers by sulfonyl chloride, sulfonic acid and sulfonamide functions. The second chapter is devoted to the synthesis and electrochemical study of novel polymeric electrolytes and new membranes for potential applications in the field of lithium and sodium batteries, as well as in the field of fuel cells. In the third chapter, the preparation of new metal catalysts derived from polymeric sulfonic acids is discussed. A study of the catalytic activity of these different polymeric catalysts was carried out on the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction. The fourth chapter is devoted to the preparation of new materials with interesting optical properties. Finally, in the fifth chapter, the preparation and the study of new materials with antibacterial properties are reported
Fantino, Bruno. "Un méta-modèle de l'évaluation en médecine : applications à la chirurgie ambulatoire et à l'ostéoporose post-ménopausique". Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO19006.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoukabache, Hamza. "Etude et développement d'un noeud piézoélectrique intégré dans un micro-système reconfigurable : applications à la surveillance "de santé" de structures aéronautiques". Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932251.
Pełny tekst źródłaMeslot, Carine. "Etude des facteurs et des interventions basées sur le planning comportements de santé : applications à l'activité physique et à l'adhésion médicamenteuse". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS016/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIndividuals do not always enact their intentions into behaviours, which may lead to severe outcomes especially in health-related fields. Self-regulation strategies, like cuedependent plans interventions, have shown efficiency to help to counter the intentionbehaviour gap. Yet, no review has been realised recently to bring a qualitative and quantitative analyses of this effect.Firstly, we carried out a qualitative review to evaluate the effectiveness of cuedependent planning intervention to increase health-related behaviours. We included 329 studies with experimental and prospective designs that measured or evaluated the effect of cue-dependent plans (e.g. implementation intention, action planning, coping planning) on health-related behaviours, among general, clinical and student population. The qualitative analysis revealed for instance that implementation intentions were used in majority, even if the if-then format was not systematically adopted. However, we oticed confusion between the terminologies of the plans and the theories. A quantitative review will be realised to evaluate the effect size and the moderators that could magnify or diminish the effects of cuedependent planning interventions on health-related behaviours. Second, we presented two studies that tested the effectiveness of cue-dependent planning interventions on physical activity, which was the most represented health outcome in cue-dependent planning interventions, according to our review. Motivational (mental simulation) and volitional (implementation intention) interventions were combined to promote physical activity participation. The first study, adopting a cluster randomised controlled trial design among students, did not show any significant effect neither of the mental simulation plus implementation intention intervention, nor of the implementation intention intervention compared to the control condition. The second study adopted a more rigorous methodology with a full-factorial randomised controlled design, with a larger sample and objective measures of physical activity (attendance to gym centre). Nevertheless, the study revealed no statistically significant main or interactive effects of the mental simulation and implementation intention conditions on physical activity outcomes. Findings were not in line with previous research that showed effects of cue-dependent plans to promote physical activity. This adds to the necessity of identifying the moderators of these interventions in health behaviours.Thirdly, cue-dependent planning interventions are needed in illness behaviours. In chronic disease, non-adherence to medication is a public health problem that can lead to negative health outcomes. Even if the patients want to take their treatment, they may, for instance, forget it and fail to enact the behaviour. We tested the ability of an intervention adopting implementation intention and coping planning to promote medication adherence. In a randomized controlled trial, outpatients with cardiovascular diseases were randomly allocated to either an implementation intention and coping planning condition, or to a noplanning control condition. Findings revealed no significant effect of the intervention on medication adherence. However, post hoc moderator analyses showed that the beliefs moderated the effect of the intervention, which was effective in patients with lower necessity beliefs compared to those with higher necessity beliefs. The design used in the study did not enable to test the direct an interactive effect on medication adherence, so it would be necessary to replicate these findings with a full factorial design among patients with cardiovascular diseases
Coron, Eddy. "Diagnostic d'état de santé des batteries au lithium utilisées dans les véhicules électriques et destinées à des applications en seconde vie". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALI017.
Pełny tekst źródłaRecent improvements in the properties of lithium-ion batteries, including their cyclability and specific capacity, have enabled the electrification of the vehicle fleet to begin. With few years, this development generates a large stock of used batteries. Along with their recycling, their reuse in a second life is of economic interest and can participate in the integration of intermittent energies into the electrical network. In this thesis work, the influence of the first life on the viability of the second life of Li-ion batteries is studied. Distinct degradation mechanisms are deliberately generated, by imposing different aging protocols on two types of 18650 cells. At the end of this first artificial life, various non-destructive diagnostic tools (impedance spectroscopy, resistance measurements, differential voltage analysis) are subjected to electrochemical characterisations of the electrodes in order to evaluate their accuracy. Some of these cells are then subjected to a second life, a reduced rate cycling protocol in the case of this study. Regardless of the first life, we observe that the generation of lithium plating affects the batteries during their second life. However, depending on the degradation caused in the first life, the kinetics of the appearance of plating are modified. The measurement of the internal resistance of batteries appears to be a first tool, easy-to-implement, for the prognosis of their second life. Depending on the type of cell used and the second life application chosen, the charging rate and the maximum voltage limit must be in line with the internal resistance measurement of the used cells. The importance of the state of health of cells, that is to say their residual capacity, also appears important and tools for rapid estimation of this are proposed, from capacity measurements on fractions of the cell voltage curve. Finally, after the issue of second life longevity, that of the safety of these batteries is assessed, revealing the deleterious impact of lithium plating and pointing out the need for effective thermal management
Michel, Pierre. "Sélection d'items en classification non supervisée et questionnaires informatisés adaptatifs : applications à des données de qualité de vie liée à la santé". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4097/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAn adaptive test provides a valid measure of quality of life of patients and reduces the number of items to be filled. This approach is dependent on the models used, sometimes based on unverifiable assumptions. We propose an alternative approach based on decision trees. This approach is not based on any assumptions and requires less calculation time for item administration. We present different simulations that demonstrate the relevance of our approach.We present an unsupervised classification method called CUBT. CUBT includes three steps to obtain an optimal partition of a data set. The first step grows a tree by recursively dividing the data set. The second step groups together the pairs of terminal nodes of the tree. The third step aggregates terminal nodes that do not come from the same split. Different simulations are presented to compare CUBT with other approaches. We also define heuristics for the choice of CUBT parameters.CUBT identifies the variables that are active in the construction of the tree. However, although some variables may be irrelevant, they may be competitive for the active variables. It is essential to rank the variables according to an importance score to determine their relevance in a given model. We present a method to measure the importance of variables based on CUBT and competitive binary splis to define a score of variable importance. We analyze the efficiency and stability of this new index, comparing it with other methods
Gonzales, Benoît. "Influence d’un environnement chaud et humide sur les réponses perceptives et physiologiques : applications dans le domaine du sport et de la santé". Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA0013/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbstract: Exercising in the heat and high relative humidity is a major challenge that athletes have to overcome, especially during the summer Olympic Games. For decades, scientists investigated innovative solutions amongst which the body cooling before competing (pre-cooling) or after competing (post-cooling) seemed to be a valuable mean of minimizing hyperthermia threats and increasing the recovery of the athletes. However, contradictory results have been reported concerning body cooling protocols (cold water immersion, cooling vests, water sprays, etc.), exposure time, exercise duration, environmental conditions and their efficiency. By preparing the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, we managed to review the existing literature on those methods. We hypothesized that a cooling vest combined with a cooling headband would increase thermal comfort of elite cyclists and their performances on an anaerobic (Wingate Test) and endurance (20 minutes time-trial) exercises. The Wingate Test study showed no significant effect of pre-cooling on peak or mean power output despite a significant increase (P < 0.05) of fatigue indexes. During the endurance study, pre-cooling maneuvers induced significant improvement (P < 0.05) of the mean power output, of the thermal comfort and a significant decrease in rectal and skin temperatures. Another study concerning the influence of wearing different cycling shirt on perceived and physiological responses of cyclists showed that a large knitted shirt provided a better thermal comfort by decreasing significantly (P < 0.05) skin temperatures, but without affecting perceived exertion. Those positive results on elite athletes lead us to apply similar cooling strategies on a population experiencing disease-related thermoregulation troubles. We decided to initiate an exploratory clinical study aiming at investigating the effects of a cooling vest on motor and cognitive skills of patients with multiple sclerosis disease. This protocol obtained the clearance of the French National Ethics Committee – East Section II, and should start on the late of 2012
Sanogo, Yacouba. "Conception et fabrication de capteurs et de leur technique d'interrogation pour des applications dans les domaines de la santé et de l'environnement". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825038.
Pełny tekst źródłaSanogo, Yacouba. "Conception et fabrication de capteurs et de leur technique d’interrogation pour des applications dans les domaines de la santé et de l’environnement". Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DENS0080/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe increasing need for compact, selective, ultrasensitive, fast and affordable optical biosensors in the medical and environmental sectors gave rise to new technological solutions, especially regarding sensors based on optical microresonators. If their surfaces are functionalized, these biosensors can provide a selective detection of low concentrations of biomolecules. However, two common optical interrogation methods – spectral scanning and intensity variation – cannot provide the same sensitivity as the method using phase detection of the guided modes nor the opto-geometrical parameters (propagation loss, effective refractive index, coupling coefficient), needed for the modeling of the sensor response. To get this information, we proposed to use the Phase Sensitive-Optical Low Coherence Interferometer (PS-OLCI) as a new alternative technical solution for interrogation and characterization of microresonators. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the conception and fabrication of single mode microresonators with a quality factor higher than 20 000 in water. This work was validated by the manufacture of polymer microresonators with a quality factor up to 38 200, using UV photolithography and Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) processes. The second part of this work covers the adaptation of PS-OLCI setup, initially developed at Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais (LNE), to interrogate optical telecommunication devices, for the characterization of optical microresonators. The results, obtained through the analysis of spatial and spectral performances of various microresonators, showed that the PS-OLCI setup is not only an interrogation and characterization tool but also a real support tool for designing optical microresonators. The performed modelling of the PS-OLCI and microresonator association response, validated by the fitting of the experimental data, demonstrated the relation between PS-OLCI measurements and Fresnel integrals. The last part of this work is dedicated to label free biosensing experiments using PS-OLCI setup associated to an optofluidic component, made of polymer optical microresonators and polymer microfluidic circuit, to detect biological species. The glucose molecule was chosen to demonstrate the homogeneous sensing experiments in aqueous solution. The obtained detection limits are around 50 µg/ml when we exploited intensity and around 2 µg/ml when we exploited the PS-OLCI measurements phase. These results demonstrate the high sensitivity of the proposed biosensor as well as the value of the optical phase measurement, hence the interest of PS-OLCI set up. To address the problem of sensor selectivity in homogeneous sensing method, surface sensing experiences were performed. The first step of this method was the functionalization of the sensor surface, by binding adequate recognition molecular sites to the sensor surface in order to immobilize target molecules. Proteins were then chosen to perform this very same type of experiences. The preliminary results in the 0.02 pg/mm2 range clearly show that our sensors is ten times more sensitive than Surface Plasmon Resonance, which is actually considered among the most successful label free sensing methods. These first results, which can be improved, demonstrate that the sensors based on optical microresonators are promising candidates for the detection of low concentrations of biomolecules for biochemical investigation
Clouard, Caroline. "Mécanismes comportementaux et neurobiologiques de l'établissement des préférences et aversions alimentaires chez le porc : applications en nutrition et santé animale et humaine". Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2012. https://ecm.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/5212040e-de69-427e-befe-bdc338cc7ba3.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe study of the behavioural and neurobiological mechanisms underlying the hedonic modulation of food intake in juvenile pigs has interesting opportunities of applications in the fields of pig husbandry and biomedical research. Our aim was to describe these determinants through the development of a pig model of conditioned food preferences and aversions, using behavioural conditioning methods and functional brain imaging techniques. On the behavioural side, we managed to develop a pig model of conditioned food aversion induced by duodenal injections of lithium chloride, and characterised by strong and robust changes of food choices. Our findings also suggest that food preferences are more difficult to condition than aversions, and that a sweet and caloric reinforcement, such as sucrose, is an efficient stimulus for food preference conditioning in pigs. Using brain imaging techniques, we managed to highlight specific patterns of brain activation following exposure to food-related stimuli. Both exposure to food flavours with contrasted hedonic values and combined oral and duodenal sucrose sensing triggered differential activation in brain networks known in humans and rodents, to be involved in the recognition and hedonic evaluation of sensorial stimuli, motivation, reward processes (amygdala, prefrontal cortex, basal nuclei), and memory (hippocampus, parahippocampal cortex). Further studies, however, are needed to investigate to what extent some factors of variation relating to the animals or to the experimental paradigms may have influenced expression of the conditioning
Clouard, Caroline. "Mécanismes comportementaux et neurobiologiques de l'établissement des préférences et aversions alimentaires chez le porc : applications en nutrition et santé animale et humaine". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00816878.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoudin, Laurent. "Modélisation cinétique et hydrodynamique pour la physique, la chimie et la santé, analyse mathématique et numérique". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00650560.
Pełny tekst źródłaKhssibi, Sabri. "Utilisation des réseaux de capteurs de canne pour les applications de surveillance de personnes". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20078/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe world is undergoing profound demographic changes closely linked with the development of the field of public health. The increase in life expectancy is accompanied by an increase in the number of elderly people, in particular those with chronic diseases. Several existing research projects have as objective to ensure the maintenance to homes of the elderly, by a better follow-up by using new technologies. Among them, we find the proposed CANet who proposed the use of sugar cane as a tool for monitoring non-intrusive by the integration of a multitude of sensors. The cane used a wireless communication system, which allows him to exchange with a collection center or surveillance. This technological solution allows the respect of the private life of older persons, without limiting their freedom. Our thesis subject is inscribed in the framework of this project CANet. The work of this thesis is organized primarily around the design of an architecture protocol topology, and access methods for wireless networks, which allow monitoring of older persons through a network of sensors embedded in a cane. The main objective of the thesis is the study of architectures and protocols implemented at the level wireless communication to provide a reliable network infrastructure for various services for monitoring, measures, routing of data to a control center remote (medical office, members of the family, etc.). These proposals have been the subject of a theoretical study and analysis of performance by simulation
La, Barbera Giammarco. "Learning anatomical digital twins in pediatric 3D imaging for renal cancer surgery". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAT040.
Pełny tekst źródłaPediatric renal cancers account for 9% of pediatric cancers with a 9/10 survival rate at the expense of the loss of a kidney. Nephron-sparing surgery (NSS, partial removal of the kidney) is possible if the cancer meets specific criteria (regarding volume, location and extent of the lesion). Indication for NSS is relying on preoperative imaging, in particular X-ray Computerized Tomography (CT). While assessing all criteria in 2D images is not always easy nor even feasible, 3D patient-specific models offer a promising solution. Building 3D models of the renal tumor anatomy based on segmentation is widely developed in adults but not in children. There is a need of dedicated image processing methods for pediatric patients due to the specificities of the images with respect to adults and to heterogeneity in pose and size of the structures (subjects going from few days of age to 16 years). Moreover, in CT images, injection of contrast agent (contrast-enhanced CT, ceCT) is often used to facilitate the identification of the interface between different tissues and structures but this might lead to heterogeneity in contrast and brightness of some anatomical structures, even among patients of the same medical database (i.e., same acquisition procedure). This can complicate the following analyses, such as segmentation. The first objective of this thesis is to perform organ/tumor segmentation from abdominal-visceral ceCT images. An individual 3D patient model is then derived. Transfer learning approaches (from adult data to children images) are proposed to improve state-of-the-art performances. The first question we want to answer is if such methods are feasible, despite the obvious structural difference between the datasets, thanks to geometric domain adaptation. A second question is if the standard techniques of data augmentation can be replaced by data homogenization techniques using Spatial Transformer Networks (STN), improving training time, memory requirement and performances. In order to deal with variability in contrast medium diffusion, a second objective is to perform a cross-domain CT image translation from ceCT to contrast-free CT (CT) and vice-versa, using Cycle Generative Adversarial Network (CycleGAN). In fact, the combined use of ceCT and CT images can improve the segmentation performances on certain anatomical structures in ceCT, but at the cost of a double radiation exposure. To limit the radiation dose, generative models could be used to synthesize one modality, instead of acquiring it. We present an extension of CycleGAN to generate such images, from unpaired databases. Anatomical constraints are introduced by automatically selecting the region of interest and by using the score of a Self-Supervised Body Regressor, improving the selection of anatomically-paired images between the two domains (CT and ceCT) and enforcing anatomical consistency. A third objective of this work is to complete the 3D model of patient affected by renal tumor including also arteries, veins and collecting system (i.e. ureters). An extensive study and benchmarking of the literature on anatomic tubular structure segmentation is presented. Modifications to state-of-the-art methods for our specific application are also proposed. Moreover, we present for the first time the use of the so-called vesselness function as loss function for training a segmentation network. We demonstrate that combining eigenvalue information with structural and voxel-wise information of other loss functions results in an improvement in performance. Eventually, a tool developed for using the proposed methods in a real clinical setting is shown as well as a clinical study to further evaluate the benefits of using 3D models in pre-operative planning. The intent of this research is to demonstrate through a retrospective evaluation of experts how criteria for NSS are more likely to be found in 3D compared to 2D images. This study is still ongoing
Rei, David. "Interactions Humain-Machine Adaptées à la Personnalité des Utilisateurs : Application de Motivation à l'Activité Physique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG012.
Pełny tekst źródłaPhysical activity is a recognized means of preventing non-communicable diseases. It has a positive impact on health and well-being if carried out regularly, with a minimum level of activity. Lack of physical activity has long been recognized and documented as a public health problem, and is of major societal importance, accentuated in recent years by the Covid-19 crisis. It is therefore necessary to motivate people to take part in physical activities that are accessible and easy to implement, such as walking. Many walking interventions with tracking devices, such as pedometers or smartphones, have led to an increase in physical activity, but only in the short term, and the positive effects of these interventions quickly fade. Beyond the novelty effect of a device or mobile application, it is the lack of personalisation and adaptation to the user that seem to diminish the longer-term effects of walking interventions.In this thesis, we propose a new model of adaptive human-machine interactions for mobile walking motivation. This model is inspired by two psychology theories in particular: the self-determination theory, which describes three fundamental needs to be satisfied in order to achieve motivation and well-being, and the regulatory focus theory, which describes individuals' action strategies depending on the context, their goal and how to achieve it. Our model also takes into account users' activity, so as to offer them motivational interactions adapted to their profile.We implemented this model in an Android mobile application and evaluated its effectiveness in terms of walking performance and motivation through three longitudinal field studies and a design study. The first field study implemented the dimension of adapting a daily walking goal to the user's performance. Results showed an increase in short-term walking, followed by a decrease in application use and user performance. The second field study added the dimension of adapting motivational messages. The motivational messages were adapted to the users' regulatory focus profile. The results were encouraging, particularly with regard to the reduction in user amotivation, but we again noted a decline in application use over the longer term. The third field study was designed to evaluate the adaptation dimension of the gamification of our model, replacing the motivational messages. Our gamification takes into account both the self-determination theory and the regulatory focus theory to propose an interaction adapted to the user's profile.We look back at the strengths and weaknesses of our contributions, and offer some perspectives on the joint use of these two theories to motivate walking on smartphones
Talantikite, Wahida. "Inégalités de santé, environnement de voisinage et impact sanitaire de la pollution atmosphérique : Apports d'une analyse multidisciplinaire à fine échelle. Applications à l'agglomération Strasbourgeoise". Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/TALANTIKITE_Wahida_2011.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaRecent work indicates that the individual’s health is influenced by their neighborhood. Through a multidisciplinary approach, this thesis aims at analyzing how the neighborhood may contribute to a better understanding of social inequalities in health on the Strasbourg metropolitan area (CUS). We first sought to define a new measure of neighborhood deprivation beyond the socioeconomic level. Thus, from all variables collected from local and regional institutions of the CUS, our multidimensional approach allowed us to develop a highly innovative neighborhood Deprivation Index (NDI). This measure unique to France described 3 domains: i) socioeconomic environment; ii) social cohesion; and iii) community resources. Then, using zone design algorithms, we have developed an experimental approach for the automated design of neighborhoods using a small tessellated cell as a basic building block. The assessing of the role of neighborhood on the impact of air pollution has been explored using case-crossover analysis. The two case studies developed to analyze the risk of occurrence of myocardial infarction and emergency calls for asthma highlighted that the characteristics of neighborhood profiles other than the socio-economic level may enable us to better understand the health inequalities. The originality of this thesis can be summed up in four points: (i) the mode of approach to neighborhood contextual variables (choices and regrouping into three domains), (ii) the GIS concepts that we adopted and implemented, (iii) the statistical analysis strategy chosen to deal with the multidimensional data, and (iv) spatial definition and design of synthetic homogeneous neighborhoods
Défossez, Gautier. "Le système d'information multi-sources du Registre général des cancers de Poitou-Charentes. Conception, développement et applications à l'ère des données massives en santé". Thesis, Poitiers, 2021. http://theses.univ-poitiers.fr/64594/2021-Defossez-Gautier-These.
Pełny tekst źródłaPopulation-based cancer registries (PBCRs) are the best international option tool to provide a comprehensive (unbiased) picture of the weight, incidence and severity of cancer in the general population. Their work in classifying and coding diagnoses according to international rules gives to the final data a specific quality and comparability in time and space, thus building a decisive knowledge database for describing the evolution of cancers and their management in an uncontrolled environment. Cancer registration is based on a thorough investigative process, for which the complexity is largely related to the ability to access all the relevant data concerning the same individual and to gather them efficiently. Created in 2007, the General Cancer Registry of Poitou-Charentes (RGCPC) is a recent generation of cancer registry, started at a conducive time to devote a reflection about how to optimize the registration process. Driven by the computerization of medical data and the increasing interoperability of information systems, the RGCPC has experimented over 10 years a multi-source information system combining innovative methods of information processing and representation, based on the reuse of standardized data usually produced for other purposes.In a first section, this work presents the founding principles and the implementation of a system capable of gathering large amounts of data, highly qualified and structured, with semantic alignment to subscribe to algorithmic approaches. Data are collected on multiannual basis from 110 partners representing seven data sources (clinical, biological and medical administrative data). Two algorithms assist the cancer registrar by dematerializing the manual tasks usually carried out prior to tumor registration. A first algorithm generate automatically the tumors and its various components (publication), and a second algorithm represent the care pathway of each individual as an ordered sequence of time-stamped events that can be access within a secure interface (publication). Supervised machine learning techniques are experimented to get around the possible lack of codification of pathology reports (publication).The second section focuses on the wide field of research and evaluation achieved through the availability of this integrated information system. Data linkage with other datasets were tested, within the framework of regulatory authorizations, to enhance the contextualization and knowledge of care pathways, and thus to support the strategic role of PBCRs for real-life evaluation of care practices and health services research (proof of concept): screening, molecular diagnosis, cancer treatment, pharmacoepidemiology (four main publications). Data from the RGCPC were linked with those from the REIN registry (chronic end-stage renal failure) as a use case for experimenting a prototype platform dedicated to the collaborative sharing of massive health data (publication).The last section of this work proposes an open discussion on the relevance of the proposed solutions to the requirements of quality, cost and transferability, and then sets out the prospects and expected benefits in the field of surveillance, evaluation and research in the era of big data
Timmermans, Luc. "Contribution aux méthodes d'évaluation de l'incontinence urinaire et applications en médecine d'assurance". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/239784.
Pełny tekst źródłaDoctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bigdeli, Maryam. "Access to medicines in low- and middle-incomes countries: a health systems approach :conceptual framework and practical applications". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209036.
Pełny tekst źródłaPons, Catherine. "Détention et santé : applications et implications de la loi du 18 janvier 1994 dans les prisons toulousaines : maison d' arrêt de Saint-Michel et centre de détention de Muret". Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10047.
Pełny tekst źródłaCenturies after centuries, the practice of medecine has expanded in the prison universe, and another role, a more sociological one, has been assigned to its initial curative mission. The gradual reforms give a clear indication of the authorities will to recognize the rights inherent in any indvidual, not questioned by the decision of prison sentence whose "health right" is one of the most essential. The mode of application and the inadequacy of means have demonstrated the deficiences of autarthic penitentiary medecine. The right to dispose of care could only take shape as part of a policy of penitenciary non-obstruction whose quintessence is the law of january 18th 1994, related to public health and social protection. Therefore, only the public hospital service is entitled to lavish somatic and psychiatric care on prisoners inside of the penitenciary institution
Burlot, Anne-Sophie. "Valorisation des métabolites d'algues proliférantes par voie enzymatique : applications dans les domaines de la nutrition et santé animale, végétale et humaine, de la cosmétique et de l'environnement". Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIS428/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThese last decades, Solieria chordalis (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales), a red and proliferative macroalga appears every year in south of Brittany on the peninsula of Rhuys. It is a question of removing more than 2 000 tons of red seaweeds, mainly composed of S. chordalis. These proliferations represent a true ecological problem and an economic constraint for the affected communities. This project aims to study S. chordalis in order to find a way to add more value to this seaweed by proposing a rational and sustainable management as well as potential applications. From October 2013 to October 2015, S. chordalis was collected monthly. Results have shown seasonal variations of the biomass on the shores, in the macro- and microscopic morphologies, in the dry matter rate and in the biochemical composition. In relation with the seasonal environmental factors, it is now possible to estimate the quantity and the biochemical composition of the seaweed and to propose potential applications. With characteristics of high catalytic efficiency, specificity, the environmental-friendly process of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction was chosen to produce water- soluble extracts with antiviral, antibacterial and immunostimulant activities. The commercial protease Alcalase improved the extraction yield with a significant gain of 30 % of the water-soluble and free compounds compared to an extraction without the action of enzymes. Almost 60 % of the dry matter of algae was liquefied and water-solubilized after the optimization of extraction parameters. Water-soluble extracts produced after the action of enzymes have shown anti- herpetic activities (EC50 from 86.0 to 145.9 µg/mL) and no cytotoxicity was detected. The immunostimulant activity was evaluated by using the pathogenicity model Caenorhabditis elegans Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The life span of infected nematods by pathogen bacteria increased after the application of water-soluble extracts from S. chordalis. Some immune genes of C. elegans were stimulated (zk6.7, spp-1, f28d1.3 and f38a1.5). Produced extracts present antiviral and immunostimulant activities that allow to anticipate applications for diverse domains
Gomgnimbou, Kireopori michel. "Nouvelles méthodes de diagnostic, de contrôle et de surveillance de la tuberculose à bacilles sensibles ou multirésistants dans les pays à forte co-infection au VIH : applications en Santé Publique". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112210.
Pełny tekst źródłaTuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern worldwide despite all the efforts to fight this disease. The emergence of multi drug and extensively drug resistant TB and the pandemic of HIV/AIDS constitute major threats and challenge for the TB control and eradication. TB control requires measures in public health and in individual level as accessibility to tests for early diagnostic, effective treatment and tools for tuberculosis surveillance and control.The goals of this work were research, development and validation of new molecular multiplexed methods based on polymorphism of the CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspersed Palindromic Repeats) loci and single nucleotides polymorphisms. These methods are rapid, high throughput, cheap and can be applied both for public health purposes (transmission of susceptible and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, evaluation of national TB programs) as for interest of TB patient (drug resistance testing, infra-specific identification). Thus we developed spoligoriftyping and “TB-SPRINT” tests that allow genotyping and rifampicin or rifampicin and isoniazide resistance detection. Another test was developed for subtyping of M. africanum. All these methods had high performances (sensitivity/specificity), 99/100% for the spoligoriftyping and about 95/100% for the “TB-SPRINT” and were applied for molecular epidemiology studies of countries as Nigeria, Brazil and Pakistan. Other ongoing work and developments of genotyping methods are the spoligotyping of L. pneumophila and S. enterica and comparative genomics projects.Used in routine, our methods may play key roles in TB control and would allow important advances in Public Health, in medical and environmental Microbiology
Corcelle, Élisabeth-Anne. "Mise en évidence de la régulation de l'autophagie par l'AMPc et les MAPKs ERK1/2 en réponse aux facteurs environnementaux : l'Atrazine et le Lindane : applications en santé publique". Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4050.
Pełny tekst źródłaAutophagy has emerged as a key tumour suppressor pathway. During this process, cytosolic constituents are sequestered into autophagosomes, which subsequently fuse with lysosomes to become autolysosomes, where their content is finally degraded. Although a reduced autophagy has been demonstrated in human tumours or in response to carcinogens, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Exposure to environmental carcinogens has long been involved in the development of many common cancers. As a result, risk-assessment of carcinogen chemicals became an important issue of public health policy. There is evidence that widely used pesticides concentrate in fat tissues, liver, muscles and testis. There, their toxicity persists for years and promotes decreased fertility and several cancers in exposed rodents. Strikingly, within the testis, the earliest testicular damage induced by these carcinogens is the vacuolation of Sertoli cells. Yet, neither the exact nature of enlarged compartments nor the underlying mechanisms have been studied, precluding the establishment of direct “cause-effect” relationship. The aim of the present thesis was to identify the nature and the signalling events responsible for the Sertoli cell vacuolation, in response to several environmental pollutants
Pezzini, Jérôme. "La chromatographie en mode mixte pour la purification de protéines recombinantes à visée santé : caractérisation des interactions impliquées dans les supports de chromatographie HyperCel®, modélisation et applications". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21885/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMixed mode chromatography is the most innovative technique for bioseparation. Mixed mode resins, as the term suggest, involves multiples types of interaction at the same time. HyperCel mixed mode resins, HEA, PPA and MEP, involve aliphatic, aromatic or thiophilic groups as well as protonable amine located in the spacer arm or as a head group. Using classical chromatographic experiments, standards proteins and complex mixtures, we highlighted the two major types of interactions involved: hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. We specifically influenced these interactions by modifying the environment in terms of ionic strength, pH, salt types, and other compounds. The combination of these interactions during every phase of a chromatographic process has been demonstrated. Mixed mode resins thus offer unique selectivity that can be controlled by the environment. This allowed us to develop several applications from antibodies fragments capture from insect cells, to the purification of MBP-tagged proteins, through monoclonal antibody capture from CHO cells. We thus enhanced mixed mode chromatography