Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Application layer (OSI)

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Application layer (OSI)”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 29 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Application layer (OSI)"

Fong, K., i J. Reinstedler. "Development of an OSI application layer protocol interface". ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 19, nr 3 (lipiec 1989): 21–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/74674.74676.

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Shiroshita, T. "A data processing performance model for the OSI application layer protocols". ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 20, nr 4 (sierpień 1990): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/99517.99535.

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Karbowski, Andrzej. "Distributed asynchronous algorithms in the Internet – new routing and traffic control methods". Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, nr 3 (30.09.2005): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2005.3.328.

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The paper presents several new algorithms concerning the third (network) and the fourth (transport) layer of ISO/OSI network model. For the third layer two classes of the shortest paths algorithms – label correcting and auction algorithms – are proposed. For the fourth layer an application of price decomposition to network optimization and Internet congestion control is suggested.

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Ivanov, Valeriy, i Maxim Tereshonok. "Cross-Layer Methods for Ad Hoc Networks—Review and Classification". Future Internet 16, nr 1 (16.01.2024): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi16010029.

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The OSI model used to be a common network model for years. In the case of ad hoc networks with dynamic topology and difficult radio communications conditions, gradual departure is happening from the classical kind of OSI network model with a clear delineation of layers (physical, channel, network, transport, application) to the cross-layer approach. The layers of the network model in ad hoc networks strongly influence each other. Thus, the cross-layer approach can improve the performance of an ad hoc network by jointly developing protocols using interaction and collaborative optimization of multiple layers. The existing cross-layer methods classification is too complicated because it is based on the whole manifold of network model layer combinations, regardless of their importance. In this work, we review ad hoc network cross-layer methods, propose a new useful classification of cross-layer methods, and show future research directions in the development of ad hoc network cross-layer methods. The proposed classification can help to simplify the goal-oriented cross-layer protocol development.

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O. Hasan, Ammar. "Application Based performance monitoring heavy data transmission of Local Area Network". Kufa Journal of Engineering 13, nr 3 (31.07.2022): 14–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/130302.

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There are many applications should be work online, these applications can be seen in the application layer of OSI reference model, each one of these consumes particular band width, bit rate and network speed depending of the resources that used to make any application operate for example there is a widely difference between video streaming network application and text chatting application. In this paper when any computer network needs to be examined, at least two different applications should be taken for example to monitor network performance when these application going to work and get in action. In this paper the researcher designed and a local area network to implement dedicated applications, monitor the network factors performance, get results, and compare between applications.

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T, Varsha, Shrihari i Dr Nagaraja G. S. "IoT based a Smart Home Automation System Using Packet Tracer". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, nr 1 (31.01.2023): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48514.

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Abstract: The technology is seeing a rapid growth day by day in the life of humans. Rapid growth intechnology has led to newer inventions that has made human lives very comfortable. The introduction of Internet Of Things (IOT) has brought a drastic change in the way humans lead their lives. Network plays an important role in each and every technology as it allows connection and communication between different objects and entities of any application. Different models like OSI, TCP demonstrate how computer system communicate over a network. Each of these models have different layers in it. This paper mainly focuses on the application layer which enables effective communication with other applications on different computer systems and different networks. Also the paper discuss different application layer IoT based protocols that work in the application layer by considering the scenario of Smart Home to demonstrate working of each protocol.

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Susilawati Susilawati, Marcel Ade Satria, Khaila Mardina, Juniwan Juniwan i Didik Aribowo. "Implementasi Teknologi Komunikasi Data Menggunakan Open System Interconnection (OSI) Untuk Berkirim Pesan Antar Perangkat". Venus: Jurnal Publikasi Rumpun Ilmu Teknik 2, nr 3 (17.05.2024): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/venus.v2i3.307.

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Currently, the development of communication networks has influenced how humans communicate and exchange information. Data communications technology reflects the rapid evolution in the way humans communicate and exchange information. Data communication is the process of exchanging information between two or more devices via a transmission medium, such as cables, radio waves, or other network infrastructure. The goal of data communications is to transfer data from one location to another quickly, efficiently, and accurately. The method used is to look for references from several internet sources such as Google. The OSI model has 7 layers, namely Application Layer, Presentation layer, Session Layer, Transport layer, Network layer, data link layer, physical layer

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Abilov, A. V., A. V. Chunaev, A. I. Nistyuk i I. A. Kaisina. "Data Transmission Model with Lost Fragments Recovery Based on Application Layer ARQ". Bulletin of Kalashnikov ISTU 23, nr 4 (30.12.2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2413-1172-2020-4-85-94.

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Для сетей беспроводной связи в сложных условиях приема характерен высокий уровень группирования потерь, при котором может теряться подряд большое количество фрагментов данных. В этом случае для восстановления потерянных данных применение методов прямой коррекции потерь FEC в большинстве случаев не дает достаточного эффекта.Применение стандартных методов восстановления потерь данных на основе автоматического запроса повторной передачи ARQ на канальном и транспортном уровнях модели OSI может привести к появлению существенных задержек, что является неприемлемым для сервисов потоковой передачи в реальном режиме времени. В этом случае предпочтительнее пропустить фрагмент данных, чем вносить задержку на ожидание доставки фрагмента при повторных передачах. Применение методов, основанных на ARQ прикладного уровня модели OSI для потоковой передачи данных, позволяет более эффективно восстанавливать потерянные фрагменты данных в сетях беспроводной связи с высоким уровнем группирования потерь. Известные модели дискретного канала передачи информации для беспроводных сетей позволяют аналитически оценить вероятность потерь данных, однако не учитывают случаи с повторной передачей потерянных данных.В исследовании предложена математическая модель передачи данных в канале беспроводной связи на основе модели Гильберта, которая учитывает восстановление потерь методом ARQ и позволяет рассчитывать коэффициент потерь фрагментов данных. Для проверки адекватности предложенной модели разработано программное обеспечение, обеспечивающее передачу потоковых данных в сети беспроводной связи с восстановлением потерь фрагментов на прикладном уровне, и проведено соответствующее экспериментальное исследование. Показано, что математическая модель учитывает группирование потерь передаваемых данных и их восстановление методом ARQ.

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Nakao, K., i K. Suzuki. "Proposal on a secure communications service element (SCSE) in the OSI application layer". IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 7, nr 4 (maj 1989): 505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/49.17714.

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Jiang, Jian Feng, Jian Feng Jiang, Xian Zhang i Jin Xia Sun. "Complementary QoS Strategy Research and Application in Large-Scale Switched Networks". Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (czerwiec 2013): 2664–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.2664.

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Large-scale switched networks based on hierarchical architecture put forward higher requirements for the quality of service. This paper analyzes the advantages, disadvantages and the application environment of the traditional QoS architecture based on business according to the second layer and the third layer of the OSI reference model. Then a complementary strategy model integrating Differentiated service model with Integrated service model is designed to enhance the QoS of a large-scale switched network. Simulation results prove that the model can improve the networks QoS in many aspects such as transmission delay, packet loss rate, delay jitter and network throughput.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Application layer (OSI)"

Oni, Opeyemi. "The provision of a Generic Application (GApp) Layer for the Parley/OSA architecture". Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/5882.

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The OSA/Parlay architecture supports the development of applications that control network connections through an open API. This research presents a proposal on improving the rate at which applications are developed and deployed using the Parlay/OSA architecture. The work seeks to facilitate software reuse by providing logical groupings in the application layer of the Parlay/OSA architecture. This research presents a new layer to provide a higher level of abstraction for application developer using Parlay to provide telecommunication services. The layer introduced is referred to as the Generic Application Programming (GApp) interface. This document details the design and implementation of this interface.

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Giambene, G., M. Muhammad, D. K. Luong, M. Bacco, A. Gotta, N. Celandroni, Esua K. Jaff i in. "Network coding applications to high bit-rate satellite networks". 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9155.

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No
Satellite networks are expected to support multimedia traffic flows, offering high capacity with QoS guarantees. However, system efficiency is often impaired by packet losses due to erasure channel effects. Reconfigurable and adaptive air interfaces are possible solutions to alleviate some of these issues. On the other hand, network coding is a promising technique to improve satellite network performance. This position paper reports on potential applications of network coding to satellite networks. Surveys and preliminary numerical results are provided on network coding applications to different exemplary satellite scenarios. Specifically, the adoption of Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) is considered in three cases, namely, multicast transmissions, handover for multihomed aircraft mobile terminals, and multipath TCP-based applications. OSI layers on which the implementation of networking coding would potentially yield benefits are also recommended.

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Książki na temat "Application layer (OSI)"

Optical Society of America. Laser Applications Chemical Analysis (Osa Technical Digest Series). Optical Society of America, 1998.

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Kaimal, J. C., i J. J. Finnigan. Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195062397.001.0001.

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Boundary layer meteorology is the study of the physical processes that take place in the layer of air that is most influenced by the earth's underlying surface. This text/reference gives an uncomplicated view of the structure of the boundary layer, the instruments available for measuring its mean and turbulent properties, how best to make the measurements, and ways to process and analyze the data. The main applications of the book are in atmospheric modelling, wind engineering, air pollution, and agricultural meteorology. The authors have pioneered research on atmospheric turbulence and flow, and are noted for their contributions to the study of the boundary layer. This important work will interest atmospheric scientists, meteorologists, and students and faculty in these fields.

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Svantesson, Dan Jerker B. A Layered Approach to Jurisdiction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795674.003.0010.

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This chapter observes how it may be inappropriate to apply a single jurisdictional threshold to diverse instruments such as data privacy laws. In the light of this observation, a proposal is outlined for a ‘layered approach’ under which the substantive law rules of such instruments are broken up into different layers, with different jurisdictional thresholds applied to each such layer. This layered approach is discussed primarily as a technique to be utilized in legal drafting, but it may also be applied in the interpretation and application of legal rules. Article 3 of the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation, which determines that regulation’s scope of application in a territorial sense, provides a particularly useful lens through which to approach this topic and, thus, the discussion is largely centred around that Article.

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He, Guang S. Laser Stimulated Scattering and Multiphoton Excitation. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895615.001.0001.

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Laser Stimulated Scattering and Multiphoton Excitation is the first book that comprehensively covers the following three major areas: (1) Quantum electrodynamic theory of stimulated scattering and multiphoton excitation processes; (2) Various stimulated scattering effects, including the early discovered stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), the later investigated stimulated Kerr scattering (SKS), and the recently developed stimulated Rayleigh–Bragg scattering (SRBS) and stimulated Mie scattering (SMS); (3) Multiphoton excitation-based nonlinear optical effects, photoelectric effects, atomic and molecular ionization effects, and molecular dissociation effects. Each chapter covers: (i) the concept and mechanism description, (ii) the necessary theoretical formulation, (iii) the experimental research achievements, and (iv) the scientific/technological applications. Laser Stimulated Scattering and Multiphoton Excitation is useful and suitable for academics, experts, and students working or interested in the areas of nonlinear optics, nonlinear photonics, laser spectroscopy, physical optics, physical chemistry, and optoelectronic engineering.

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Solymar, L., D. Walsh i R. R. A. Syms. Artificial materials or metamaterials. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829942.003.0015.

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The difference between natural and artificial materials is explained. The equivalent plasma frequency of wire media is derived. A list of metamaterial resonators is presented. The possibility of achieving negative refraction and its significance are discussed. It is shown that under certain circumstances it is possible to produce a perfect lens that could transfer evanescent waves aswell. Themulti-layer lens is shown to have advantages over the single-layer lens. The operation of a SiC lens based on the negative dielectric constant due to optical phonons is discussed. Detectors for magnetic resonance imaging, relying on the resonance of magnetoinductive waves are shown to be a potential application.

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Ruban, Anatoly I. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199681754.003.0001.

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This book investigates high-Reynolds number flows, and analyses flows that can be described in the framework of Prandtl’s 1904 classical boundary-layer theory, including Blasius’s boundary layer on a flat plate, Falkner–Skan solutions for the boundary layer on a wedge surface, and other applications of Prandtl’s theory. It then discusses separated flows, and considers the so-called ‘self-induced separation’ in supersonic flow, and which led to the ‘triple-deck model’. It also presents Sychev’s 1972 theory of the boundary-layer separation in an incompressible fluid flow past a circular cylinder. It discusses the triple-deck flow near the trailing edge of a flat plate, and then considers the incipience of the separation at corner points of the body surface in subsonic and supersonic flows. It covers the Marginal Separation theory—a special version of the triple-deck theory—and describes the formation and bursting of short separation bubbles at the leading edge of a thin aerofoil.

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Zeitlin, Vladimir. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804338.001.0001.

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The book explains the key notions and fundamental processes in the dynamics of the fluid envelopes of the Earth (transposable to other planets), and methods of their analysis, from the unifying viewpoint of rotating shallow-water model (RSW). The model, in its one- or two-layer versions, plays a distinguished role in geophysical fluid dynamics, having been used for around a century for conceptual understanding of various phenomena, for elaboration of approaches and methods, to be applied later in more complete models, for development and testing of numerical codes and schemes of data assimilations, and many other purposes. Principles of modelling of large-scale atmospheric and oceanic flows, and corresponding approximations, are explained and it is shown how single- and multi-layer versions of RSW arise from the primitive equations by vertical averaging, and how further time-averaging produces celebrated quasi-geostrophic reductions of the model. Key concepts of geophysical fluid dynamics are exposed and interpreted in RSW terms, and fundamentals of vortex and wave dynamics are explained in Part 1 of the book, which is supplied with exercises and can be used as a textbook. Solutions of the problems are available at Editorial Office by request. In-depth treatment of dynamical processes, with special accent on the primordial process of geostrophic adjustment, on instabilities in geophysical flows, vortex and wave turbulence and on nonlinear wave interactions follows in Part 2. Recently arisen new approaches in, and applications of RSW, including moist-convective processes constitute Part 3.

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Solymar, L., D. Walsh i R. R. A. Syms. Lasers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829942.003.0012.

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Two-state and three-state systems are introduced. The properties of gaseous, solid state, and dye lasers are discussed and particular attention is devoted to semiconductor lasers. Reducing the dimensions leading to wells, wires, and dots is shown to have advantages. Quantum cascade lasers working in the THz region are discussed. The phenomena of Q switching, cavity dumping, and mode locking are explained. Parametric oscillators and optical fibre amplifiers are discussed. Masers are briefly mentioned. Laser noise is discussed. Awide variety of applications are mentioned. The curious phenomenon of laser cooling is explained. The basic principles of holographic recording and display are described.

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Cohadon, Pierre-François, Jack Harris, Florian Marquardt i Leticia Cugliandolo, red. Quantum Optomechanics and Nanomechanics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828143.001.0001.

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The Les Houches Summer School 2015 covered the emerging fields of cavity optomechanics and quantum nanomechanics. Optomechanics is flourishing and its concepts and techniques are now applied to a wide range of topics. Modern quantum optomechanics was born in the late 70s in the framework of gravitational wave interferometry, initially focusing on the quantum limits of displacement measurements. Carlton Caves, Vladimir Braginsky, and others realized that the sensitivity of the anticipated large-scale gravitational-wave interferometers (GWI) was fundamentally limited by the quantum fluctuations of the measurement laser beam. After tremendous experimental progress, the sensitivity of the upcoming next generation of GWI will effectively be limited by quantum noise. In this way, quantum-optomechanical effects will directly affect the operation of what is arguably the world’s most impressive precision experiment. However, optomechanics has also gained a life of its own with a focus on the quantum aspects of moving mirrors. Laser light can be used to cool mechanical resonators well below the temperature of their environment. After proof-of-principle demonstrations of this cooling in 2006, a number of systems were used as the field gradually merged with its condensed matter cousin (nanomechanical systems) to try to reach the mechanical quantum ground state, eventually demonstrated in 2010 by pure cryogenic techniques and a year later by a combination of cryogenic and radiation-pressure cooling. The book covers all aspects—historical, theoretical, experimental—of the field, with its applications to quantum measurement, foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum information. Essential reading for any researcher in the field.

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Sklar, Larry A., red. Flow Cytometry for Biotechnology. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195183146.001.0001.

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Flow cytometry is a sensitive and quantitative platform for the measurement of particle fluorescence. In flow cytometry, the particles in a sample flow in single file through a focused laser beam at rates of hundreds to thousands of particles per second. During the time each particle is in the laser beam, on the order of ten microseconds, one or more fluorescent dyes associated with that particle are excited. The fluorescence emitted from each particle is collected through a microscope objective, spectrally filtered, and detected with photomultiplier tubes. Flow cytometry is uniquely capable of the precise and quantitative molecular analysis of genomic sequence information, interactions between purified biomolecules and cellular function. Combined with automated sample handling for increased sample throughput, these features make flow cytometry a versatile platform with applications at many stages of drug discovery. Traditionally, the particles studied are cells, especially blood cells; flow cytometry is used extensively in immunology. This volume shows how flow cytometry is integrated into modern biotechnology, dealing with issues of throughput, content, sensitivity, and high throughput informatics with applications in genomics, proteomics and protein-protein interactions, drug discovery, vaccine development, plant and reproductive biology, pharmacology and toxicology, cell-cell interactions and protein engineering.

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Części książek na temat "Application layer (OSI)"

Booth, Robert E. "Applying Lotos to OSI Application Layer Protocols". W LOTOSphere: Software Development with LOTOS, 121–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2203-4_6.

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Rijssen, Erwin, Ing Widya i Eddy Michiels. "Multimedia teleservices modelled with the OSI application layer structure". W Teleservices and Multimedia Communications, 99–117. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61028-6_21.

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Bartoli, Paul D. "OSI Presentation and Application Layers". W Computer Network Architectures and Protocols, 377–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0809-6_13.

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A. Jency Priyadharshany, Dr. "IOT COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES". W Futuristic Trends in IOT Volume 3 Book 2, 345–54. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3biio2ch27.

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This chapter consists about the communication of IOT devices and the connectivity of different IOT devices in the network. The IOT communication is based on a framework called open-source interconnection which is comprised of seven layers. Those are physical layer, datalink layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, application layer. Further, The connectivity of IOT devices in the network with the help of different technologies. In which the technologies are established by different organizations to connect the different types of IOT devices by applying the OSI model of different layers.

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Singhal, Saurabh, i Manju. "Security Metric for Information Network". W IoT-enabled Sensor Networks: Architecture, Methodologies, Security, and Futuristic Applications, 117–24. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815049480124060011.

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Given that dislodged working conditions are in play, system administrators are tasked with handling security solutions that, in turn, impact most of the working layers of the OSI model. This comprehensive approach depicts a situation in which the originator perceives that their data is traversing through a specified encryption process at every stage/layer, starting from the top layer (i.e., Application Layer) and gradually proceeding down to the last one (i.e., Physical Layer). Similarly, the decryption process takes place at every stage/layer at the destination end.

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"Design of Smart Grid Test Bed Using OPNET and PLC". W Smart Grid Test Bed Using OPNET and Power Line Communication, 22–42. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2776-3.ch002.

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In this design unit, a design to test the performances of varying models was developed for the simulations in the PLC-base data link layer. The design includes a smart home and a Smart Grid environment where a comparison between Zigbee and WiMax-based models can be performed. The Smart Grid Test Bed has been designed using OPNET and Power Line Communication is proposed in this book. It is being designed to allow test bed experiments in four layers among OSI 7 layers. This chapter is organized as follows: The Physical Layer and Datalink Layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section 1; the Transport Layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section 2; and finally, Application Layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section.

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Huh, Jun-Ho. "Design of Smart Grid Test Bed Using OPNET and PLC". W Research Anthology on Smart Grid and Microgrid Development, 165–82. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3666-0.ch008.

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"Implementation of Smart Grid Test Bed Using OPNET and PLC". W Smart Grid Test Bed Using OPNET and Power Line Communication, 43–86. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2776-3.ch003.

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In this chapter, a design that allows testing of the performances of various models was developed with OPNET for the simulations in the PLC-base data link layer. As the model proposed earlier, the design includes a smart home and a Smart Grid environment where a comparison between Zigbee and WiMax-based models can be performed. The Smart Grid Test Bed has been implemented using OPNET and Power Line Communication is proposed in this book. It is being designed to allow Test Bed experiments in four layers among seven OSI layers. This chapter is organized as follows: the physical layer and datalink layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section 1; the transport layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section 2; and finally, application layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section 3.

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Huh, Jun-Ho. "Implementation of Smart Grid Test Bed Using OPNET and PLC". W Research Anthology on Smart Grid and Microgrid Development, 635–71. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3666-0.ch028.

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Jinks, Deidrie. "Adopting a transaction processing model for a global plant species information system". W Designs for a Global Plant Species Information System, 226–40. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198577607.003.0022.

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Abstract Current transaction processing systems typically are large commercial or government applications, allowing multiple users, who may be geographically remote, to access data simultaneously. Such systems are found, for example, at the heart of large banking or telecommunications enterprises. Transaction processing interacts with the network, the database, and the physical machine on behalf of the application, but is technically within the field of communications, residing within the application layer of the OSI reference model. System requirements are examined and transaction processing is defined. Implementation of transaction processing is discussed within the context of current international standards and available technology, together with the special problems inherent in applying a transaction processing model to a global plant species information system.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Application layer (OSI)"

Shiroshita, T. "A data processing performance model for the OSI application layer protocols". W the ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/99508.99535.

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Lai, M., i J. C. Diels. "Reduction of spontaneous noise in ring laser sensors". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.ml2.

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It has recently become possible to manufacture laser media consisting of thin layers that are each thinner than the wavelength of light. The semiconductor versions are multiple-quantum-well lasers, also called surface emitters. Other lasers that can be built with this structure are stoichiometric lasers. It is shown that a ring laser can be made with this structure in a configuration such that the spontaneous (laser) noise is interferometrically subtracted and hence not detected. For applications, such as rotation-sensing of magnetic fields, it is necessary to eliminate the strong coupling between counterpropagating waves owing to the nature (thin films) of the emitter. Solutions to this problem involving either intracavity or extracavity passive elements are presented. Other applications require the laser to be unidirectional. This goal can be achieved by adding a single reflecting layer to the active stack of emitters.

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Chang-Hasnain, Connie J. "Metastructured Optics Progress and Applications". W JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jsap.2021.10a_n405_1.

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Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have long been predicted as low-cost enabling laser sources for many applications including optical communications, sensing and imaging. Traditional VCSELs use distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) as mirrors, which consist of many tens layers of epitaxy layers with alternating refractive indecies. Snice 2004, we develeoped a new class of planar optics has emerged using near-wavelength dielectric structures, known as high contrast metastructures (HCM). Many extraordinary properties can be designed top-down based for integrated optics on a silicon or GaAs substrate. The one-dimensional version, a single layer high index contrast near-wavelength gratings (HCG), has been used to replace the hundred-layered DBR in a VCSEL structure. In this talk, I will review recent results using HCG/HCM in device applications of VCSELs, beam-steering optical phased array, biosensor, 4-wave generation, and spatial light modulator. I will discuss inventions and advances in VCSELs that have led to recent global deployment of commercial applications including 3D sensing, LIDAR and optical coherent tomography applications. I will also discuss future prospects for advanced applications.

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Klett, Yves, i Peter Middendorf. "Kinematic Analysis of Congruent Multilayer Tessellations". W ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47340.

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Rigidly foldable origami tessellations exhibit interesting kinematic properties. Several tessellation types (most prominently Miura-ori) have shown potential for technical application in aerospace and general lightweight construction. In addition to static (e.g. as core structures for sandwich components) and single-layer kinematic (e.g. deployable) applications, new possibilities arise from the combination of several layers of tessellations with congruent kinematics. This paper presents an analytical description of the kinematics of multi-layered, or stacked, globally plane tessellations which retain rigid foldability by congruent, compatible movement.

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Zhao, Dazun, i Wenhui Mei. "Multichannel holography for particle field tomography". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.mr6.

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This is another use, based on an earlier application,1 of spatial multichannel holography. A particle field can be examined by measuring its parameters layer by layer when reconstructing its hologram. But the fact that, at the image plane of a certain layer, defocused images of particles of other layers also appear disturbs the measurement. Multichannel holography can reduce the disturbance by shortening the focusing depth of images. To demonstrate: a particle field is simulated by a stack of nine glass plates and on one surface of each plate many small ink spots are spattered randomly. The stack is illuminated by a laser beam scattered from a large piece of ground glass and an off-axis hologram is taken. Reconstructed images of layers from that hologram and from an ordinary one (particle field is illuminated by a point source during recording) are compared with each other and with their corresponding true distributions on the plates. We find the former show much less disturbance. The same conclusion is obtained when images of tilted cross sections are compared.

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Huston, Alan L., i Brian L. Justus. "Remote Radiation Sensing Using a Fiber-Coupled, Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter". W Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacea.1998.lmc.11.

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Fiberoptic-based, radiation measurement methods provide a convenient approach for remotely monitoring hazardous or difficult-to-access areas such as nuclear waste sites or sampling wells for in situ ground water monitoring. Fiberoptic systems are attractive for these applications because of their small size, mechanical flexibility and optical, as opposed to electrical, signal transmission. In this paper, we describe a new, optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) glass dosimeter that can be attached directly to commercial optical fibers for remote radiation sensing applications. The OSL glass is optically transparent and can be manufactured to any desired length to provide the necessary sensitivity required for a specific application.

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Edgerton, Robert F., Jess Wolfe i Ron Laird. "Applications for sputtered dielectrics". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.we2.

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The introduction of the C-MAG™ cathode has opened up the possibility of SiO2 and TiO2 film deposition by reactive sputtering. These materials have indices of refraction that are lower and higher than the index of glass respectively. The availability of these dielectric materials make some new applications feasible. The integrated reflection of metal mirrors can be enhanced in the visible by the use of a thin-film optics design based on the use of dielectric materials. We have investigated the design considerations of first and second surface mirror enhancement for aluminum and chromium mirrors, using single-layer, double-layer, and quadruple-layer designs. The use of both SiO2 and TiO2 have been considered in the designs. In addition to the enhancement of reflection one can reduce the reflection by suitable choices of the optical thicknesses of the layers in the thin- film design. Anti-reflection coatings for glass have been designed and produced using the new capability to sputter SiO2 and TiO2. A two-layer design and a four-layer design have been explored. The infrared characteristics of the visible light antireflection coatings will also be discussed.

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Ning, Xiaohui. "Efficient coherent radiation discrimination by using super-étalons". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.mh7.

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In many applications, the discrimination of coherent radiation against an incoherent background is required. Several approaches based on various forms of Fabry-Perot étalons have been investigated.1 Because of the intrinsic physical limitations of the étalons, the discrimination achievable with those devices is typically low. In this paper a new approach for achieving much higher discrimination is presented. The new device consists of multiple layers of thick films, referred to as super-étalons. The average optical thickness of the layers is chosen to be greater than the coherence length of the background light but less than that of the coherent light of interest. Thus, the phenomenon of multiple-beam interference cannot take place for background light. The reflectance is determined by the incoherent super-position of various orders of reflected beams from the layer interfaces. However, multiple beam interference still takes place for coherent radiation because of the long coherence length. The reflectance is determined by the coherent superposition of various orders of reflected beams from the layer interfaces. As a result, the transmittance for coherent light is dramatically different from that for incoherent light. New laser sensor concepts based on the super-étalons are discussed.

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Shen, J., B. Grünenwald i F. Dausinger. "Laser Surface Modification of a Low Carbon Steel with Tungsten Carbide and Carbon". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.pd37.

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For many industrial applications it is sufficient to have a small area of wear resistant surface. For this reason, cheap low carbon steel is chosen for the partial laser surface alloying. Laser alloying experiments of low carbon steel (16MnCrS5) were carried out by powder injection (WC/Co 88/12) and with graphite precoating for comparison. In addition, melt injection of tungsten carbide was used to produce a composite layer with hard tungsten carbide particles embedded in tough metal matrix. Detailed material investigations (metallographical, electromicroscopical and EDX-analyses) were undertaken on the samples obtained with these methods. The experimental results indicate that for the samples alloyed with carbon, the hardness increases due to martensitic transformation. In the case of alloying with tungsten carbide powder, the hardening mechanism can be subdivided into two regimes: for the low tungsten concentration in the alloyed layers the hardness is increasing due to the martensitic transformation, while for the high tungsten concentration the increase in hardness is mainly resulted from the higher carbide amount in the alloyed layers. Abrasive wear tests on layers alloyed with tungsten carbide indicate that the wear resistance of martensite hardened layers is comparable with that of conventional hardened 100Cr6 steel and the wear resistance of tungsten carbide composite layers is comparable with taht of sintered WC/Co hard metals. By these results a microstructure can be produced as required to suit different wearing situations.

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Willey, R. R. "Refined design techniques for practical antireflection coatings with a very broad bandwidth". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.wx2.

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We have reported1 the development of a new viewpoint in AR coating design using inhomogeneous index (Rugate) functions. We have carried this to the practical application of the design principles to films composed of only homogeneous layers using two materials. Here we refine these applications by the use of three and four different practical indices. We discuss the possibilities and we demonstrate the limitations of the currently available indices (particularly low indices). The "ideal" broad band AR would have a smooth index profile from the substrate to the medium. This can be approximated by the use of many thin homogeneous layers. The major limitation is the need for a last layer of lower index than currently available. This causes the residual reflectance in the AR band to be higher than desired and/or the band width to be significantly narrower. We show how far these limits can be pushed in practical coatings with current materials.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Application layer (OSI)"

Furniss, P. Octet Sequences for Upper-Layer OSI to Support Basic Communications Applications. RFC Editor, październik 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1698.

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Saltus, Christina, S. McKay i Todd Swannack. Geospatial suitability indices (GSI) toolbox : user's guide. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), sierpień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45128.

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Habitat suitability models have been widely adopted in ecosystem management and restoration to assess environmental impacts and benefits according to the quantity and quality of a given habitat. Many spatially distributed ecological processes require application of suitability models within a geographic information system (GIS). This technical report presents a geospatial toolbox for assessing habitat suitability. The geospatial suitability indices (GSI) toolbox was developed in ArcGIS Pro 2.7 using the Python 3.7 programming language and is available for use on the local desktop in the Windows 10 environment. Two main tools comprise the GSI toolbox. First, the suitability index (SIC) calculator tool uses thematic or continuous geospatial raster layers to calculate parameter suitability indices using user-specified habitat relationships. Second, the overall suitability index calculator (OSIC) combines multiple parameter suitability indices into one overarching index using one or more options, including arithmetic mean, weighted arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and minimum limiting factor. The result is a raster layer representing habitat suitability values from 0.0–1.0, where zero (0) is unsuitable habitat and one (1) is ideal suitability. This report documents the model purpose and development and provides a user’s guide for the GSI toolbox.

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