Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Anticonvulsants

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Anticonvulsants”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 29 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Anticonvulsants"

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Perfilyev, V. Yu, A. G. Miroshnichenko, V. A. Zhelev i E. V. Devald. "Alternative anticonvulsants in neonatology". Voprosy praktičeskoj pediatrii 17, nr 4 (2022): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2022-4-76-83.

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The approaches to pharmacotherapy of neonatal seizures are always empirical and vary across the globe. There is still no consensus on this issue because of the highly variable efficacy of anticonvulsants traditionally used in newborns. Currently, none of these drugs has sufficient evidence to make an unambiguous conclusion on their efficacy and safety. Therefore, the search for new anticonvulsants for newborns is highly relevant. This review aims to summarize existing literature surrounding anticonvulsants that can potentially be used in newborns. It discusses advantages and disadvantages, as well as their utility in neonatal care. It also summarizes the latest information on neonatal seizures and outlines future directions of research to create new therapeutic strategies for neonatal seizures. Key words: anticonvulsant, treatment, neonatal seizures, newborns, anticonvulsant therapy, anticonvulsants, seizures
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Burd, Larry, Jack Kerbeshian, Wayne Fisher i Generoso Gascon. "Anticonvulsant Medications: An latrogenic Cause of Tic Disorders". Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 31, nr 5 (czerwiec 1986): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378603100507.

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A review of the relationship between anticonvulsant medications and tics is presented. Data on 5 patients in whom anticonvulsants, either caused tics or exacerbated existing tic disorders is discussed. Discontinuation of the medication resulted in a decrease in the frequency of tickings in all patients. The effects of anticonvulsants on the reticular system are discussed. It is felt that it may be important for clinicians to consider carefully the use of barbiturate anticonvulsants, especially phenobarbital, in children with tics or a family history of tics. Tic disorders caused or exacerbated by exposure to anticonvulsant medications appear to be more common than previously reported, and in some patients the tics may not remit with discontinuation of the medication.
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Cypes, Ilana N., Angel Mier-Hicks, Jordan Scott, Adrienne Groman, Pallawi Torka, Catherine Gawronski i Eugene Przespolewski. "Impact of Anticonvulsant - Methotrexate Interactions on High Dose Methotrexate Clearance and Outcomes in Patients with Primary CNS Lymphoma". Blood 138, Supplement 1 (5.11.2021): 4358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-153967.

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Abstract Background: Patients with primary CNS Lymphoma (PCNSL) often present with neurologic complications such as focal defects, neuropsychiatric symptoms, increased intracranial pressure, aphasia, seizures, and ocular symptoms which require initiation of prophylactic or therapeutic anticonvulsants. Most anticonvulsants are notorious for their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic drug interactions. The cornerstone of PCNSL therapy is the utilization of high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX). The pharmacokinetics of HD-MTX are uniquely sensitive to both disease biology and drug interactions. Due to the importance of both HD-MTX and anticonvulsants in PCNSL patients, these medications are frequently given in concert with one another despite theoretical and proven drug interactions published in the literature. This is a retrospective analysis of patients treated with a modified R-MPV regimen (rituximab, methotrexate, procarbazine, vincristine alternating with intrathecal methotrexate) and the effects of various anticonvulsants on HD-MTX clearance. Methods: Patients ≥18 years of age with a biopsy proven diagnosis of PCNSL at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center who received R-MPV between January 2002 and December 2019 were included in this retrospective analysis. The electronic health record of each patient was reviewed for specific patient demographics, laboratory results, confounding drug interactions, toxicity, and treatment outcomes. Descriptive statistics were computed for all categorical variables. The time to MTX clearance in hours and the potential impact of concomitant use of various anticonvulsants were assessed using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test in the case of ordinal responses and the Pearson chi-square test or Fisher's Exact test for categorical variables where appropriate. Results: A total of 67 patients met the inclusion criteria of which 53 patients (79.1%) received anticonvulsants (189 cycles of R-MPV) and 14 did not (69 cycles of R-MPV). Patients who had seizures or frontal brain PCNSL were more likely to receive anticonvulsants (p <0.001). When considering all possible medication interactions with HD-MTX, use of any interacting medication within 48 hours prior to HD-MTX was a predictor of delayed clearance (p = 0.0398). The most common confounding interaction seen in this population were with proton pump inhibitors. Levetiracetam was the most common anticonvulsant used at any point in time during treatment (83.1%). Compared to no anticonvulsant, levetiracetam did not significantly prolong HD-MTX clearance (52.6h v. 72.7h, p = 0.1586). Other anticonvulsants utilized included phenytoin (24.5%), gabapentin (3.8%), valproate (3.8%), carbamazepine (1.9%), lacosamide (1.9%), lamotrigine (1.9%), and phenobarbital (1.9%). Of the patients who received an anticonvulsant, 11 received more than one over the treatment period. Time to clearance of HD-MTX for patients not on an anticonvulsant was 53.8 hours compared to a clearance time of 68.2 hours for those who received an anticonvulsant (p = 0.0571). Patients who received anticonvulsants had a significantly higher complete response rate (79.2% vs 35.7%, p = 0.009), longer progression free survival (25.4 mo vs 3 mo, p = 0.014) and overall survival (56.6 mo vs 4.6 mo, p = 0.002) compared to those who did not (Table 1). There was no difference in grade 3/4 toxicities between anticonvulsants and no anticonvulsants except for thrombocytopenia (p = 0.047) and respiratory side effects (p = 0.035). Conclusion: Anticonvulsants are an essential component to PCNSL therapy in patients on HD-MTX. They are well tolerated, do not alter HD-MTX clearance in a clinically significant manner and may help improve patient outcomes. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Torka: TG Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Goodwin, Frederick K., i S. Nassir Ghaemi. "The Impact of Mood Stabilizers on Suicide in Bipolar Disorder: A Comparative Analysis". CNS Spectrums 5, S1 (luty 2000): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900023245.

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AbstractWhich mood stabilizers are the most effective in reducing suicide rates in patients with bipolar disorder? This paper reviews the literature and compares the data on two types of mood-stabilizing agents, lithium and anticonvulsants. Compared with the large amount of data on lithium, there is surprising little information available on the effects of anticonvulsants on mortality in manic-depressive illness. Each was also assessed in terms of suicide risk factors such as depression and mixed episodes, rapid cycling, substance abuse, anxiety and panic, and central serotonergic function. Only two studies that provide data demonstrating anticonvulsant efficacy in preventing suicide in bipolar disorder are available, and the data are incomplete at best. Further research in this area should include an emphasis on the outcome of mortality in patients treated with any of the anticonvulsants or with lithium-anticonvulsant combinations.
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Ivzhits, M. A., S. K. Zyryanov, G. V. Rodoman, I. B. Bondareva, S. V. Dumova, O. A. Babak, M. S. Chenkurov i G. A. Putsman. "Overview of anticonvulsant therapy in full-term and premature neonates". Russian Journal of Child Neurology 15, nr 2 (28.09.2020): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/2073-8803-2020-15-2-42-54.

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Convulsions in full-term and especially in premature newborns are observable pathologies. Selection of anticonvulsant therapy is very difficult: newborns have particular pharmacokinetics of drugs, insufficient data on doses and therapeutic concentrations of anticonvulsants in the blood (premature infants mainly). This article is an overview, with an emphasis on the features of dosing and pharmacokinetics of anticonvulsants in term and preterm infants.
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Trisovic, Nemanja, Gordana Uscumlic i Slobodan Petrovic. "Hydantoins: Synthesis, properties and anticonvulsant activity". Chemical Industry 63, nr 1 (2009): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0901017t.

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Hydantoin is a five-membered cyclic ureide that is present in numerous biologically active compounds including antiarrhytmics, anticonvulsants and antitumor agents. This paper describes different ways of synthesis of hydantoin-derivatives, their physical properties and reactivity. Also, the most widely used hydantoin anticonvulsants and the analysis of structureactivity relationships of anticonvulsant drugs in terms of lipophilicity and hydrogen bonding are presented here.
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Boarini, David J., David W. Beck i John C. VanGilder. "Postoperative Prophylactic Anticonvulsant Therapy in Cerebral Gliomas". Neurosurgery 16, nr 3 (1.03.1985): 290–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198503000-00002.

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Abstract A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic anticonvulsants in preventing seizures in 68 patients with supratentorial astrocytomas who had been treated with operation and irradiation and who had no previous history of convulsions. Thirty-three patients received prophylactic anticonvulsants and 38 patients did not. The incidence of all types of seizures (generalized convulsions or partial) was lower in patients receiving anticonvulsants. No seizures with an impairment of consciousness occurred in the patients with documented therapeutic anticonvulsant blood levels. The overall incidence of seizures was 39% in untreated patients and 21% in treated patients. The incidence of major seizures including tonic/clonic or partial complex seizures with impairment of consciousness was zero in patients with therapeutic anticonvulsant levels and 18% in untreated patients. Regarding the overall incidence of seizures in both groups, there tend to be fewer seizures in older patients, females, patients with a higher grade of malignancy, and patients who had a more radical resection of the tumor. This study suggests that seizures are a frequent occurrence after operation and irradiation for supratentorial glioma and that anticonvulsants may be effective in reducing the incidence of those seizures.
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Perry, J., L. Zinman, A. Chambers, K. Spithoff, N. Lloyd i N. Laperriere. "The Use of Prophylactic Anticonvulsants in Patients with Brain Tumours—A Systematic Review". Current Oncology 13, nr 6 (1.12.2006): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/co.v13i6.107.

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Questions: Should patients with newly diagnosed brain tumours receive prophylactic anticonvulsants to reduce seizure risk? What is the best practice for patients with brain tumours who are taking anticonvulsant medications but who have never had a seizure? Perspectives: Patients with primary or metastatic brain tumours who have never had a seizure still have a 20% risk of experiencing a seizure over the course of their disease. Because considerable practice variation exists in regard to the management of patients with brain tumours who have never had a seizure, and because conflicting evidence has been reported, the Neuro-oncology Disease Site Group (DSG) of Cancer Care Ontario’s Program in Evidence-based Care felt that a systematic review of the evidence was warranted. Outcomes: Outcomes of interest were incidence of seizures and adverse effects of prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy. Methodology: The MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for relevant evidence. The review included fully published reports or abstracts of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and practice guidelines. The present systematic review was reviewed and approved by the Neuro-oncology DSG, which comprises medical and radiation oncologists, surgeons, neurologists, a nurse, and a patient representative. Results: Quality of Evidence: The literature search located one evidence-based practice guideline, one systematic review, and five RCTs that addressed prophylactic anticonvulsants for patients with brain tumours. Evidence for the best management of seizure-naïve patients who are already taking anticonvulsants was limited to one retrospective study and exploratory analyses within several RCTs. Benefits and Harms: Pooled results of the five RCTs suggest that the incidence of seizures in patients who receive prophylactic anticonvulsants is not significantly different from that in patients who do not receive anticonvulsants (relative risk: 1.04; 95% confidence interval: 0.70 to 1.54; p = 0.84). This analysis accords with results from a published meta-analysis. Evidence is insufficient to determine whether patients who are currently taking anticonvulsants but who have never had a seizure should taper the anticonvulsants. Patients who received anticonvulsants reported adverse effects, including rash, nausea, and hypotension, but whether these effects are a result of the anticonvulsants or of other treatments could not be determined. Conclusions: Based on the available evidence, the routine use of postoperative anticonvulsants is not recommended in seizure-naïve patients with newly diagnosed primary or secondary brain tumours, especially in light of a significant risk of serious adverse effects and problematic drug interactions. Because data are insufficient to recommend whether anticonvulsants should be tapered in patients who are already taking anticonvulsants but who have never had a seizure, treatment must be individualized.
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Rahajeng, Bangunawati, Zullies Ikawati, Tri Murti Andayani i Iwan Dwiprahasto. "A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY: THE OFF-LABEL USE OF ANTICONVULSANTS AT A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN INDONESIA". International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, nr 5 (1.05.2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i5.25388.

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Objective: Anticonvulsant is one class of drugs often used off-label. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and the indication of the off-label use of anticonvulsants in a private hospital in Java, Indonesia.Methods: This was an observational study with a retrospective data collection in a private hospital in Java. Data were obtained on the prescription of anticonvulsants. Indications of the use of anticonvulsants were obtained from the medical records of patients who were prescribed anticonvulsants. The off-label use of anticonvulsants was defined a prescribing of medication outside the indication approved by The National Agency of Drug and Food Control Indonesia (NA-DFC). The use off-label of anticonvulsants was calculated by descriptive analysis and presented as a percentage.Results: It showed that in one year there were 5,310 for 1,316 patients: of this 462 patients (35.11%) were for an off-label use. The anticonvulsants used off-label were oxcarbazepine 67.27% (37/55), carbamazepine 46.15% (54/117), pregabalin45.45% (60/132), phenytoin37.62% (225/598), valproate 25.34% (37/109), and gabapentin 18.28% (49/219). The highest off-label use of anticonvulsants was found in neurological and psychiatric disorders 67.32% (n=311), and on 97.19% of them were not supported by strong clinical evidence.Conclusion: The off-label use of anticonvulsants occurred in one-third of patients receiving prescriptions of anticonvulsants, even though for most of them there was a lack of evidence. More attention must be paid to the efficacy and risk of side effects of the drug used.
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Mekhtieva, S. N. "Neuroendocrine disorders in women with epilepsy depending on anticonvulsants intake". Kazan medical journal 94, nr 1 (15.02.2013): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1772.

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Aim. To assess the influence of epilepsy and anticonvulsants on central control of hormone release and ovarian function in women of reproductive age. Methods. The reproductive and endocrine functions were assessed in 82 female patients with epilepsy, of whom 37 did not receive anticonvulsants (first group), 45 patients were on anticonvulsant treatment (second group). 17 healthy females (control group) were also assessed. Serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and dehydroepiandrosterone were estimated during follicular (n=48) and luteal (n=34) stages of menstrual cycle. Results. Estradiol serum level was below normal ranges, and prolactin serum level - above normal limits at follicular stage of menstrual cycle in female patients not treated with anticonvulsants. In luteal phase serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone exceeded the reference ranges, and testosterone levels were lower than normal in both patients treated and not treated with anticonvulsants. Comparison of two groups showed that estradiol serum level was lower in untreated patients in both stages of menstrual cycle compared to patients treated with anticonvulsants. There was a marked difference in endocrine function at all levels of reproductive neuroendocrine regulation in untreated female patients compared to female patients treated with anticonvulsants with major transformations in female patients with epilepsy not treated with anticonvulsants. Conclision. Epilepsy and treatment with anticonvulsants can influence the central regulation of hormone release in females.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Anticonvulsants"

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Da, Costa Neil C. "The synthesis of potential anticonvulsants via 2-chloroamides". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314617.

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Tan, Shiou Shiou. "Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of anti-allodynic effects of gabapentin and oxycodone in a rodent model of persistent neuropathic pain /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19074.pdf.

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Eriksson, Ann-Sofie. "A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of an antiepileptic drug (lamotrigine) in young patients with drug-resistant generalized epilepsy /". Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4205-6/.

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Shah, Vibhakar Jayantilal. "Synthesis of cannabidiol stereoisomers and analogs as potential anticonvulsant agents". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184523.

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Anticonvulsant activity of cannabidiol (CBD) has been well documented in various laboratory animal species and also in man. As part of our continuing effort to study and to define the structure anticonvulsant relationship several analogs of CBD were synthesized wherein its structural units, namely, the terpene ring, aryl ring and/or side chain were systematically modified. These analogs include the: (1) unnatural (+)-Cannabidol (1b), (2) Delta-3-carenyl analog-(+)-carenadiol (45a), its diacetate (45b) and its 1",1"-dimethylheptyl side chain analog (45c), and (3) unnatural 7-acetoxycannabidiol (46b). (+)-Cannabidiol (1b) was synthesized in about 20-25% yield from olivetol (51) and two different p-menthadienols (67 and 70) as monoterpenoid synthons. (-)-p-Mentha-1,8-dien-3-ol (67) was prepared from (-)-limonene (65) by chromium trioxide-pyridine complex oxidation followed by cerium trichloride assisted sodium borohydride reduction of the obtained ketone (66a). (-)-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol (70) was synthesized from 1:1 mixture of cis- (69a) and trans-epoxide (68a) of limonene (65) in about 35% yield. The reaction involves phenylselenide anion mediated stereospecific trans-diaxial opening of the epoxide ring to give the required alcohol (70) along with its regioisomer (71) as the major product (79%). The delta-3-carenyl analog (+)-carenadiol (45a) was synthesized from car-4-en-3β-ol (80) and olivetol (51) in about 20% yield. Car-4-en-3β-ol (80) was prepared in about 90-95% yield from the corresponding 3β,4β-epoxy carane (77) by following the same methodology described for (70). The compounds were evaluated for anticonvulsant activity in seizure susceptible (AGS) rats and for neurotoxicity in the rotorod (ROT) test. A general lack of stereoselectivity for the anti-AGS and ROT neurotoxic effects was observed for CBD and its derivatives. Thus (-)-CBD (1a) was marginally more potent than (+)-CBD (1b). But the CBD analog derived from (+)-car-3-ene (72), i.e., (+)-carenadiol (45a), is of interest because of its high protective index (PI = 5.1) and is therefore comparable to(1b) (to which it is stereochemically related) in potency. The 1",1"-dimethylheptyl derivative ((+)-45b), could not separate anticonvulsant activity from neurotoxicity. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)
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Acheampong, Andrew Adu. "Quantitative structure-anticonvulsant activity studies of valproic acid analogues". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25552.

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Valproic acid (2-propylpentanoic acid) is an antiepileptic drug widely used for treatment of absence seizures. Valproic acid has a unique chemical structure which does not contain the imide structure found in most conventional antiepileptic drugs. An in vivo study of the antagonism of pentylenetetrazol-induced clonic seizures by alkyl-substituted carboxylic acids and tetrazoles was of interest owing to the known bioisosterism between the carboxylic and the tetrazolyl moiety. The main objective of this study was to investigate the role played by the lipophilicity, the electronic properties and the steric influence of compounds on their anticonvulsant potency. Quantitative structure-activity relationships of the aliphatic and alicyclic substituted carboxylic acids and tetrazoles have been performed using the Hansch linear free-energy relationships model. The study proceeded by synthesis of compounds using known procedures. The di-unsaturated derivatives of valproic acid, 2-[(E)-l'-propenyl]-(E)-2-pentenoic acid and 2-[(Z)-l'-propenyl]-(E)-2-pentenoic acid were prepared via a stereoselective synthetic route. The synthesized di-unsaturated acids were used in identification of the major diunsaturated metabolite of valproic acid as 2-[(E)-l'-propenyl]-(E)-2-pentenoic acid. The anticonvulsant potency of test compounds was determined in mice (CD1 strain, 20-32g) by the standard subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole seizure threshold test. The pentylenetetrazole clonic seizure test was found to be more sensitive to structural effects than the pentylenetetrazole mortality assay. The lipophilicity (octanol-water partition coefficient) of compounds was determined indirectly by reversed phase liquid chromatography employing an octadecylsilane column (Hypersil ODS) and mobile phase as 70% methanol : 30% phosphate buffer (pH 3.5). The electronic character of the compounds was monitored by the apparent acid ionization constant obtained from potentiometric titration in 10% raethanol-water system. The ED₅₀ of 0.70 mmol/kg found for valproic acid was similar to literature values. 5-Heptyltetrazole was found to be the most potent compound in the series of analogues studied. The carboxylic plus tetrazole group gave a low correlation (r = 0.63) between the anticonvulsant potency and a linear combination of lipophilicity and apparent ionization constant. However, in the series of active carboxylic acids, the anticonvulsant activity was noted to be significantly correlated with lipophilicity and apparent ionization constant (r = 0.91). The usefulness of the electronic parameters, acid ionization constant and dipole moment, were explored in an extensive set of alkyl-substituted anticonvulsant compounds with different polar moieties. Addition of the dipole moment term to the lipophilicity term led to significantly better correlations (r = 0.81) as compared to that with an added pKa term. The negative dependency of anticonvulsant activity on dipole moment supported previous findings in studies of 1,4-benzo-diazepines and phenyl-substituted anticonvulsant compounds. There were some exceptions to the dependence of anticonvulsant activity on lipophilicity and dipole moment or pKa. N,N-dibutyl-succinamic acid showed convulsant properties at sublethal doses. The lack of activity of cyclohexylacetic acid and 5-cyclohexylmethyltetra-zole, in comparison to the active l-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid, has some pharmacological significance. It shows a certain degree of molecular specificity in the anticonvulsant action of valproic acid analogues. The cyclohexylmethyl conformation was suggested, from aproposed model, to be less effective in hydrophobic binding due to a steric effect at a stereoselective position on the hydrophobic site of the GABA receptor complex. Thus it can be concluded that while lipophilicity governed access to sites of action, the dependence of activity on the polar character may explain the diverse structures of anticonvulsants provided that the steric requirements of the hydrophobic binding site are met. Steric effects may lead to inactivity or even convulsant properties of alkyl-substituted compounds.
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of
Graduate
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Mana, Michael Joseph. "Contingent and pharmacologic tolerance to the anticonvulsant effects of antiepileptic drugs". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31438.

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The development of tolerance to anticonvulsant drug effects has traditionally been studied in terms of pharmacological variables associated with the drug itself ; for example, the dose or the schedule of administration. This type of tolerance is referred to as pharmacologic drug tolerance. In contrast, we have demonstrated that the development of tolerance to ethanol's anticonvulsant effect is contingent upon the adminstration of convulsive stimulation during periods of ethanol exposure; we refer to this as contingent drug tolerance. The purpose of the first two experiments in the present thesis was to extend the phenomenon of contingent tolerance to the anticonvulsant effects of three clinically relevant antiepileptic drugs: carbamazepine (CBZ), diazepam (DZP), and sodium valproate (VPA). In Experiment 1, kindled rats that received an injection of CBZ (70 mg/kg, IP), DZP (2 mg/kg, IP), or VPA (250 mg/kg, IP) 1 hr before each of 10 bidaily (one every 48 hr) convulsive stimulations displayed a significant amount of tolerance to the drugs' anticonvulsant effects on the tolerance test trial ; in contrast, there was no evidence of tolerance in the rats from the three vehicle control groups. In Experiment 2, the development of tolerance to the anticonvulsant effects of CBZ, DZP, and VPA, administered on a bidaily basis, was shown to be contingent upon the administration of convulsive stimulation during the periods of drug exposure. Kindled rats in the three drug-before-stimulation groups rapidly developed tolerance to the anticonvulsant effects of CBZ, DZP, and VPA; in contrast, there was no evidence of tolerance i n the respective drug-afterstimulation groups, despite the fact that they had the same drug history. The purpose of the final three experiments was to compare contingent and pharmacologic tolerance to the anticonvulsant effects of DZP. Experiment 3 replicated earlier demonstrations of pharmacologic tolerance to DZP's anticonvulsant effect; kindled rats that received chronic DZP (2 mg/kg, every 8 hr, for 10 days) developed tolerance to the drug's anticonvulsant effect even though they did not receive convulsive stimulation during the periods of drug exposure. In Experiment 4, the rate of dissipation of pharmacologic and contingent tolerance to DZP's anticonvulsant effect was compared. Pharmacologic tolerance gradually dissipated over the 16-day retention interval ; in contrast, there was no evidence of dissipation of contingent tolerance after 16 days of drug withdrawal. These data suggest that different physiological changes are responsible for pharmacologic and contingent tolerance to DZP's anticonvulsant effect. This conclusion was supported by the results of Experiment 5, in which a single injection of the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist RO 15-1788 24 hr prior to a tolerance-retention test trial significantly reduced the expression of pharmacologic tolerance, but not contingent tolerance, to DZP's anticonvulsant effect. The results of these five experiments make two general points. First, concurrent convulsive stimulation can have an important effect on the development of tolerance to the anticonvulsant effects of antiepileptic drugs. And second, there are significant differences in the physiological changes responsible for the development and the dissipation of contingent and pharmacologic tolerance to DZP's anticonvulsant effect. Because traditional theories do not address these differences, a new model of contingent and pharmacologic tolerance is presented.
Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
[title page not included]
Graduate
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Dhillon, Arvinder. "Short-term, frequency-dependent changes in synaptic transmission in the rat entorhinal cortex in vitro". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308860.

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Barkley, Angela. "The design and synthesis of anticonvulsants based on natural toxins". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ31915.pdf.

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Kroetz, Deanna L. "Inhibition of human liver microsomal epoxide hydrolase /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7958.

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White, David Charles. "Synthesis of 3-Aryl-2-(2-aryl-2-oxoethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]-4(3H)pyrimidones and 3-Aryl-2-(2-arylethenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]-4(3H)pyrimidones as Potential Antiepileptic Drugs". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46506.

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A series of 2-alkyl-3-arylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidones were synthesized for testing as potential antiepileptic drugs. The goal was to achieve better neurological activity and/or lower toxicity than displayed by a series of 2-alkyl-3-aryl-4(3H)-quinazolinones prepared previously in our research group. From the pharmacological testing data of these target compounds, we have found that the additional nitrogen at the C-8 position of the quinazolinone framework increased the anticonvulsant activity. However, the neurological toxicity increased as well. The anticonvulsant and neurotoxic activity seen in the variuos 2-alkyl side chains and 3-aryl substituents incorporated into these new pyridopyrimidones was consistent with the activity observed with the same substituents on the 4(3H)-quinazolinones. The 3-aryl group consists of various ortho-substituted phenyl rings, while the 2-alkyl chain consists of a 2-(2-aryl-2-oxo)ethyl or 2-arylethenyl group.
Master of Science
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Książki na temat "Anticonvulsants"

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1935-, Modigh Kjell, Roback Ole Herman 1928- i Vestergaard Per, red. Anticonvulsants in psychiatry. Petersfield, UK: Wrightson Biomedical Pub., 1994.

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Norman, Sussman, red. Anticonvulsants in psychiatry. London: Royal Society of Medicine Press, 1999.

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1954-, Joffe Russell T., i Calabrese Joseph R, red. Anticonvulsants in mood disorders. New York: M. Dekker, 1994.

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S, Meldrum Brian, i Porter Roger J. 1942-, red. New anticonvulsant drugs. London: J. Libbey, 1986.

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R, Trimble Michael, i Pippenger C. E, red. Clinical use of anticonvulsants in psychiatric disorders. New York, N.Y: Demos, 1989.

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D, Burrows Graham, Norman Trevor R. 1946- i Davies Brian 1928-, red. Antimanics, anticonvulsants, and other drugs in psychiatry. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1987.

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L, McElroy Susan, i Pope Harrison, red. Use of anticonvulsants in psychiatry: Recent advances. Clifton, N.J: Oxford Health Care, 1988.

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R, Trimble Michael, red. New anticonvulsants: Advances in the treatment of epilepsy. Chichester: J. Wiley, 1994.

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Eadie, Mervyn J. Anticonvulsant therapy: Pharmacological basis and practice. Wyd. 3. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1989.

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Frost & Sullivan., red. European market for anti-epilepsy products. Mountain View, Calif: Frost & Sullivan, 1995.

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Części książek na temat "Anticonvulsants"

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Scherrmann, Jean-Michel, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts i in. "Anticonvulsants". W Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 91–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_360.

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Murphy, Mary Pat. "Anticonvulsants". W Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 198–201. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1627.

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DeLorenzo, Robert J., i Larry H. Dashefsky. "Anticonvulsants". W Alterations of Metabolites in the Nervous System, 363–403. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6740-7_14.

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Chow, Robert M., i Mohammed Issa. "Anticonvulsants". W Pain Medicine, 175–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43133-8_47.

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Murphy, Mary Pat. "Anticonvulsants". W Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_1627-2.

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Murphy, Mary Pat. "Anticonvulsants". W Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 275–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_1627.

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Spina, Edoardo. "Anticonvulsants". W Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 123–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36172-2_360.

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Pennick, Mark. "Anticonvulsants". W Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development, 112–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_153.

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Garcovich, Simone. "Anticonvulsants". W Pruritus, 379–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33142-3_49.

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Gupta, Rajesh. "Anticonvulsants". W Pain Management, 51–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55061-4_21.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Anticonvulsants"

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Klyukin, S. D., V. V. Salautin, N. A. Pudovkin, N. O. Dmitriev i M. V. Kharitonova. "Clinical justification of the use of anticonvulsants and nsaids for the correction of pain syndrome in carnivores". W INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: VETERINARY MEDICINE, AGRICULTURE, ENGINEERING AND ECOLOGY” (VMAEE2022). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0160357.

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Beckner, Marie E. "Abstract 3726: Expressions of genes for connexins and Kir5.1 differ between oligodendrogliomas and glioblastomas in patients treated with anticonvulsants". W Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2020; April 27-28, 2020 and June 22-24, 2020; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-3726.

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Schubert-Bast, Susanne, Markus Wolff, Adelheid Wiemer-Kruel, Sarah von Spiczak, Regina Trollmann, Philipp S. Reif, Clive Pritchard i in. "Seizure Management and Prescription Patterns of Anticonvulsants in Dravet Syndrome: A Multicenter Cohort Study from Germany and Review of Literature". W Abstracts of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuropediatrics. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698180.

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Lazić, Anita, Ivana Đorđević, Kristina Gak Simić, Luka Matović, Aleksandra Mašulović, Jelena Lađarević i Nemanja Trišović. "Correlation of structure and potential pharmacological activity of spirohidantoins derived from α-Tetralone". W 37th International Congress on Process Industry. SMEITS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/ptk.024.279.

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Hydantoin is a nonaromatic five-membered heterocycle, which is considered a valuable, privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry. The importance of the hydantoin scaffold in drug dis-covery has been reinforced by several medicines in clinical use, such as anticonvulsants (phenyto-in), antibiotics (nitrofurantoin), anticancer drugs (enzalutamide) and keratolytics (allantoin). To design new potentially pharmacologically active compounds, six spirohydantoin derivatives were synthetized and fully characterized by determination of the melting points, elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic methods. Effects of the substituents on the shift of the absorp-tion maxima of synthetized compounds were analyzed using the linear solvatation energy relation-ship, while the influence of the chemical structure on the pharmacokinetically relevant properties of the investigated spirohydantoin derivatives was evaluated using the Lipinski’s rule of five, Veber, Egan and Ghose’s empirical criteria, as well as different in silico methods. In order of de-tailed analysis of the potential pharmacological activity of the synthesized spirohydantoins, their potential pharmacological properties were correlated with the corresponding solvent effects.
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Kopaladze, Revaz. "NEW EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF REFLEX EPILEPSY INDUCED BY ULTRASOUND AND VACUUM DECOMPRESSION IN KRUSHINSKY-MOLODKINA (KM) RATS STRAIN. PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ANTICONVULSANTS". W XV International interdisciplinary congress "Neuroscience for Medicine and Psychology". LLC MAKS Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m440.sudak.ns2019-15/235-236.

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Laddha, Sachin, i Satyendra Bhatnagar. "Rapid microwave-assisted solution phase synthesis of 6, 8-disubstituted- 2-phenyl-3-(substituted-benzothiazole-2-yl) – 4-[3H]-quinazolinone as novel anticonvulsants". W The 10th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-10-01438.

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Araújo, Catarina Secundino Tavares de, Maria Clara Coppieters Gusmão i Rodrigo Mesquita Costa Braga. "Cannabidiol Use as Treatment for Refractory Epilepsies". W XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.568.

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Introduction: Refractory epilepsies have a great impact in patients’ quality of life. Thus, studies with alternative drugs are extremely important to seek for effective treatments to control the condition, and cannabidiol (CBD) has shown promising results. Objectives: To analyze CBD’s efficacy as an alternative treatment of patients with refractory epilepsy. Design and setting: this study is a literature review from Universidade Federal da Bahia. Methods: We searched the following formula on PubMed: [cannabidiol] AND [epilepsy]. The inclusion criteria were clinical trials published from 2016-2021. Results: 25 articles were found, from which 18 were selected and, from those, 1092 patients were analyzed. All studies pointed to a reduction in frequency and/or intensity of epileptic crisis in adults and children with refractory epilepsy using CBD, independently of the etiology. In Laux’s study, they noted reductions of 50% and 44% in motor and total seizures (respectively). Moreover, Birnbaum’s study showed that using CBD with a meal may cause variability of exposure of patients to the drug. Adverse effects were dose dependent, mainly diarrhea, sleepiness and less appetite. The interaction between CBD and anticonvulsants was not shown to have a prejudicial or neutralizing effect. Conclusion: CBD was shown to be capable of attenuating attacks in patients with refractory epilepsy. However, more randomized clinical trials are needed to analyze the efficacy and the safety of these medications in the short and long term.
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Rădulescu, Ionuţ Dragoș, Letiția Dobri Mirona, Codrina Moraru, Petronela Nechita, Ciprian Vlad i Cezar Bichescu. "PHARMACOLOGICAL ADD-ON TREATMENTS IN MANAGING ANTIPSYCHOTIC-INDUCED WEIGHT GAIN". W The European Conference of Psychiatry and Mental Health "Galatia". Archiv Euromedica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2022/12/psy.ro.24.

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Introduction: One of the most common antipsychotic (AP) related adverse drug reactions is weight gain, with a large proportion of patients started on AP even from the onset of schizophrenia, ending up gaining considerable weight. Aim: The study was designed to research current evidence for reducing weight gain through pharmacological supplementation or other practical interventions, in patients treated with APs. Method: A review of the published works found on MEDLINE and PubMed from 2015 to 2019 was done, concentrating mostly on research that specifically examined changes in body weight in individuals taking AP medications along with various pharmaceutical supplements. There were 14 major eligible articles found and examined. We have concentrated on many meta-analyses that evaluated various pharmacological classes, including appetite suppressants, anti-obesity medications, anti-diabetics, gastrointestinal medicines, and anticonvulsants, in avoiding or lowering weight gain in patients receiving AP. Conclusions: Maintaining a balanced weight has a major impact on the patient’s quality of life. In addition to having a detrimental effect on the patient's physical and mental health, weight increase makes it more challenging for them to adhere to their treatment schedule. Antipsychotics can cause weight gain, however, there are numerous effective treatments for this condition. Given that they are both well tolerated in the short term, we found topiramate and metformin to be the most effective among them when compared to a placebo. To advance this topic, larger and more comprehensive investigations are required.
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Silvério, Gabriel André, Renata Cristine Alves, Pedro Arthur Possan, Mateus Pinto Marchetti, Isabela Louise Weber, Vera Cristina Terra, Karen Luiza Ramos Socher, Nancy Watanabe i Carlos Cesar Conrado Caggiano. "Acute pregabalin cerebellar ataxia". W XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.515.

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Female patient, 65-year-old, complaining of imbalance and difficulty walking for 15 days, associated with dizziness and diplopia, with worsening symptoms in the last four days. In recent use of pregabalin 75 mg daily to treat chronic pain, with dose increase in the last four days. On examination, he presented ataxic gait, drunken speech, pendular reflex, dysmetria and dysdiadochokinesia. We opted for the suspension of Pregabalin and complementary investigation for cerebellar ataxia with imaging examination, examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and laboratory tests. Magnetic resonance imaging showed mild microangiopathy with, no other findings. Normal CSF examination, including search for oligoclonal bands. The search for rheumatological antibodies, tumor markers and serologies was negative. After the suspension of Pregabalin, the patient showed progressive improvement, with total reversal of symptoms. Acute cerebellar ataxia is defined as a syndrome that occurs in less than 72 hours in previously healthy individuals. It is clinically characterized by loss of balance and coordination. A heterogeneous group of conditions can cause the syndrome, including toxic causes. Several drugs cause ataxia, depending on the dose and duration of exposure. Although uncommon, anticonvulsants cause movement disorders, including pregabalin. Most adverse effects of this class of drugs occur within the first two weeks, ranging from mild to moderate. Movement disorders are rare, but when found they usually appear as ataxia or tremor. Acute cerebellar ataxia comprises a spectrum of neurological disorders in which ataxia is the main symptom. The heterogeneity of the etiologies of cerebellar ataxia is wide and requires hospitalization and extensive laboratory investigation. Among the causes, even if rare, is the use of pregabalin, widely used in clinical practice to treat neuropathic pain.
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Tsukimata, Márcio Yutaka, Bianca Lumi Inomata da Silva i Jennison Alves Guimarães. "Açaí: potential anticonvulsant agent". W XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.064.

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Background: Convulsion is an involuntary contraction of skeletal muscles. When considering vulnerable populations exposed to the mentioned pathophysiological situation, it is recognized that many of them will not have access to the indicated pharmacological treatment. Therefore, the ingestion of açai, Euterpe oleracea (EO) attenuates the problem, acting as an anticonvulsant. Objectives: evaluate the EO as an anticonvulsant agent. Design and setting: It is a bibliographic research and the data collection was done from the PubMed and Scielo databases. Methods: The descriptor used was “Euterpe oleracea” and the inclusion criteria adopted were: articles published in the last five years, available in full and publications related to epilepsy. Results: The EO acts on the GABAergic system when interacting occurs with the GABA receptor of cortical neurons and, above all, of astrocytes in an inhibitory mechanism for the uptake of the neurotransmitter GABA, that accumulates in the synaptic cleft, preventing the exaggerated neurotransmission that causes convulsions. In pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure (PTZ), EO showed some results similar to diazepam: reduced duration of tonic-clonic convulsion and increased latencies for the first myoclonic spasm and for the first generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Conclusions: Studies suggest that EO can be classified as an anticonvulsant, considering its inhibitory activity during synapses. Furthermore, the consumption of EO is more viable at a socioeconomic level compared to traditional drug treatments.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Anticonvulsants"

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VanShura, Kerry E., Megan E. Lyman, Joseph D. McMonagle, Tsung-Ming Shih i John H. McDonough. Evaluating of the Anticonvulsant Gabapentin against Nerve Agent-Induced Seizures in a Guinea Pig Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, lipiec 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada525188.

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