Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Anthropogenic pressures

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Anthropogenic pressures”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Anthropogenic pressures"

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Hirsh-Pearson, Kristen, Chris J. Johnson, Richard Schuster, Roger D. Wheate i Oscar Venter. "Canada’s human footprint reveals large intact areas juxtaposed against areas under immense anthropogenic pressure". FACETS 7 (1.01.2022): 398–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0063.

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Efforts are underway in Canada to set aside terrestrial lands for conservation, thereby protecting them from anthropogenic pressures. Here we produce the first Canadian human footprint map by combining 12 different anthropogenic pressures and identifying intact and modified lands and ecosystems across the country. Our results showed strong spatial variation in pressures across the country, with just 18% of Canada experiencing measurable human pressure. However, some ecosystems are experiencing very high pressure, such as the Great Lakes Plains and Prairies national ecological areas that have over 75% and 56% of their areas, respectively, with a high human footprint. In contrast, the Arctic and Northern Mountains have less than 0.02% and 0.2%, respectively, of their extent under high human footprint. A validation of the final map, using random statistical sampling, resulted in a Cohen Kappa statistic of 0.91, signifying an “almost perfect” agreement between the human footprint and the validation data set. By increasing the number and accuracy of mapped pressures, our map demonstrates much more widespread pressures in Canada than were indicated by previous global mapping efforts, demonstrating the value in specific national data applications. Ecological areas with immense anthropogenic pressure highlight challenges that may arise when planning for ecologically representative protected areas.
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CATTO, NORM. "Anthropogenic pressures on coastal dunes, southwestern Newfoundland". Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien 46, nr 1 (marzec 2002): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.2002.tb00728.x.

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Festjens, Felien, Jolien Buyse, Annelies De Backer, Kris Hostens, Nene Lefaible, Jan Vanaverbeke i Gert Van Hoey. "Functional trait responses to different anthropogenic pressures". Ecological Indicators 146 (luty 2023): 109854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109854.

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ANDREWS, KELLY S., GREGORY D. WILLIAMS, JAMEAL F. SAMHOURI, KRISTIN N. MARSHALL, VLADLENA GERTSEVA i PHILLIP S. LEVIN. "The legacy of a crowded ocean: indicators, status, and trends of anthropogenic pressures in the California Current ecosystem". Environmental Conservation 42, nr 2 (19.08.2014): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892914000277.

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SUMMARYAs human population size and demand for seafood and other marine resources increase, understanding the influence of human activities in the ocean and on land becomes increasingly critical to the management and conservation of marine resources. In order to account for human influence on marine ecosystems while making management decisions, linkages between various anthropogenic pressures and ecosystem components need to be determined. Those linkages cannot be drawn until it is known how different pressures have been changing over time. This paper identifies indicators and develops time series for 22 anthropogenic pressures acting on the USA's portion of the California Current ecosystem. Time series suggest that seven pressures have decreased and two have increased over the short term, while five pressures were above and two pressures were below long-term means. Cumulative indices of anthropogenic pressures suggest a slight decrease in pressures in the 2000s compared to the preceding few decades. Dynamic factor analysis revealed four common trends that sufficiently explained the temporal variation found among all anthropogenic pressures. This reduced set of time series will be a useful tool to determine whether links exist between individual or multiple pressures and various ecosystem components.
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Bekishev, Kairzan B., Sabit S. Shorin i Leila S. Shorina. "The Impact of Anthropogenic Pressures on Urban Health". European Researcher 82, nr 9-1 (15.09.2014): 1600–1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.13187/er.2014.82.1600.

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Monteagudo, Laura, i José Luis Moreno. "Benthic freshwater cyanobacteria as indicators of anthropogenic pressures". Ecological Indicators 67 (sierpień 2016): 693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.035.

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Bucior, Adam, Brian Rippey, Yvonne McElarney i Richard Douglas. "Evaluating macrophytes as indicators of anthropogenic pressures in rivers in Ireland". Hydrobiologia 848, nr 5 (10.02.2021): 1087–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04516-x.

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AbstractThe ability of macrophytes to indicate pressures in rivers was assessed by comparing metrics for nitrate (NO3), ammonia (NH4), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), dissolved oxygen saturation (DO), pH (PH) and siltation (SUBS) with direct estimates of the pressures at 810 sites in the Republic of Ireland, supplemented with General Linear Models (GLMs). The bivariate and rank correlation coefficients using the full data range and the first and fourth quartiles of the river pressures varied between 0.22 and − 0.39 for NO3 and DO; they were smaller or not significant for the other four metrics. The GLMs provided evidence for an independent association between NO3 and the nitrate concentration and SUBS and ammonia, indicating some specificity for these metrics. Discriminating sites in the first and fourth quartiles produced Type II errors between 37 (PH) and 69% (NH4), with a mean of 50. As the pressure-impact relationships are not precise enough (low correlation coefficients) that evidence from a single macrophyte metric is reliable, combining the metric with evidence from other biological groups at one site or from three or more sites may be the most useful approach.
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Pascual-Aguilar, Juan, Vicente Andreu, Eugenia Gimeno-García i Yolanda Picó. "Current anthropogenic pressures on agro-ecological protected coastal wetlands". Science of The Total Environment 503-504 (styczeń 2015): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.007.

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Tok, Ezgi. "Anthropogenic pressures on productive soils in Corlu and Cerkezkoy". Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 94 (sierpień 2016): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2015.10.021.

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Lattuada, Matteo, Christian Albrecht i Thomas Wilke. "Differential impact of anthropogenic pressures on Caspian Sea ecoregions". Marine Pollution Bulletin 142 (maj 2019): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.046.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Anthropogenic pressures"

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Radinger, Johannes. "Modelling fish dispersal in catchments affected by multiple anthropogenic pressures". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17067.

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Die Besiedlung von Gewässern durch Fische, ist neben abiotischen Lebensraumbedingungen auch von der Erreichbarkeit d.h. von der art-spezifischen Ausbreitungsfähigkeit sowie von Wanderhindernissen abhängig. Der erste Teil dieser Arbeit bietet die erste umfangreiche quantitative Analyse von Ausbreitungsmustern und -distanzen von Flussfischen. Aus der Fachliteratur wurden 160 empirische Datensätze aus 71 wissenschaftlichen Studien zur Ausbreitung von 62 Fischarten in Flüssen extrahiert und an leptokurse Wahrscheinlichkeits-Dichte-Funktionen (Dispersal kernel) angepasst. Es konnte bei Fischpopulationen zwischen einer stationären (ca. 2/3) und einer mobilen Komponente (ca. 1/3) unterschieden werden deren Ausbreitungsdistanzen von vier Faktoren abhängig sind: Fischlänge, Form der Schwanzflosse, Fließgewässergröße, betrachtete Zeitspanne. Der zweite Teil dieser Arbeit widmet sich dem neu entwickelten Fischausbreitungsmodell FIDIMO einem GIS-Softwareprogramm zur Modellierung und Simulation der räumlichen und zeitlichen Ausbreitungsmuster von Fischen in Flüssen unter Berücksichtigung von Wanderhindernissen. FIDIMO verknüpft konzeptionelle Überlegungen zu Ausbreitungsmodellen in verzweigten Fließgewässernetzwerken mit empirisch bestimmten leptokursen Fischausbreitungskurven unter ausschließlicher Verwendung von Free and Open Source Software. Im dritten Teil der Arbeit wurde FIDIMO zur Modellierung der Ausbreitung von 17 Fischarten angewendet um die Einflüsse von (i) Habitatqualität, (ii) Ausbreitungsfähigkeit und (iii) Fließgewässer-Fragmentierung auf die Besiedlungsmuster durch Fische zu bestimmen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die artspezifische Habitatqualität und Ausbreitungsfähigkeit die Besiedlung maßgeblich bestimmen. Dagegen wurde kein signifikanter Einfluss von Barrieren auf das Vorkommen einer Art gefunden. Über längere Zeiträume sinkt der Einfluss von Fischausbreitung auf das lokale Vorkommen einer Fischart während die Habitatqualität relativ wichtiger wird.
The colonisation of rivers by fishes is directly linked to abiotic habitat conditions but often impaired by dispersal abilities of fishes and movement constraints such as barriers. The first part of this thesis provides the first comprehensive quantitative analysis of freshwater fish movement while considering fish populations consisting of differently mobile specimens. 160 empirical datasets from 71 studies on the movement of 62 riverine fish species were analysed based on refitted leptokurtic probability-density functions (dispersal kernels). A share of one third and two thirds emerged as a general pattern of the mobile and stationary component of a fish population, respectively. Moreover, four variables were identified primarily determining dispersal distances: fish length, aspect ratio of the caudal fin, river size and time. In the second part of the thesis, the novel fish dispersal model FIDIMO is introduced. FIDIMO provides a GIS-tool for predicting and simulating spatio-temporal patterns of fish dispersal in dendritic river networks considering movement barriers. The fish dispersal model FIDIMO links conceptual considerations on dispersal modelling with empirically observed leptokurtic fish movement patterns and the strengths of geographically explicit modelling in Free and Open Source GIS. In the third part of the thesis, FIDIMO was applied for modelling dispersal of 17 fish species to disentangle the effects of (i) habitat suitability, (ii) dispersal constraints and (iii) network fragmentation on the distribution of river fishes. The results show significant positive effects of both, local-scale habitat quality and species-specific dispersal ability on the distribution of river fishes, whereas no significant effect of barriers influencing the presence of a species could be found. Over longer time periods the importance of dispersal decreased in favour of habitat suitability becoming relatively more relevant in determining species'' presence.
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Besson, Marc. "Importance of metamorphosis in coral-reef fish larval recruitment facing anthropogenic pressures". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP024/document.

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Le maintien et le renouvellement des populations de poissons coralliens dépendent en grande partie du recrutement larvaire, c’est-à-dire de l’installation des larves pélagiques dans les habitats récifaux adultes, et de leur survie après s’être métamorphosées en juvéniles. De plus en plus d’études révèlent que les changements de composition de l’eau, causés par le changement climatique et la pollution, peuvent altérer les capacités sensorielles des poissons coralliens, diminuant leurs aptitudes à localiser des habitats propices (maximisant leur croissance et diminuant leur mortalité) lors de l’installation. Cependant, les mécanismes internes à l’origine de ces phénomènes sont méconnus. Lors de cette thèse, j’ai examiné le recrutement larvaire du poisson chirurgien bagnard Acanthurus triostegus et mis en évidence que les changements écologiques, morphologiques, physiologiques et comportementaux qui s’y déroulent correspondent à une métamorphose contrôlée par les hormones thyroïdiennes (HT). J’ai ensuite analysé comment des stress d’origine anthropique, tels que l’élévation des températures de surface et la pollution par un pesticide d’origine agricole, peuvent perturber sa métamorphose. Lors de cette étape clé de leur cycle de vie, ces perturbations diminuent les taux d’HT, altérant la maturation de leurs organes sensoriels, leurs capacités sensorielles, et augmentant leur mortalité. Cette thèse est donc une analyse holistique de l’impact des perturbations anthropiques sur les processus moléculaires, et les changements histologiques, anatomiques et comportementaux du recrutement larvaire des poissons coralliens. Elle souligne l’importance du système thyroïdien, et invite à une meilleure compréhension des processus endocriniens du recrutement larvaire, dans l’optique d’une amélioration de la conservation des récifs coralliens
The persistence and sustainability of coral-reef fish populations depends on the continued larval recruitment, i.e. successful settlement by pelagic larvae into adult reef habitats and post-settlement survival through metamorphosis to a juvenile stage. There is growing evidence that changes to water conditions due to global change and waterborne pollution can impair coral-reef fish sensory abilities to locate settlement habitats that maximize growth while minimizing mortality risk. However, the inner mechanisms of such impairments remain unknown. In this thesis, I have examined the recruitment phase of the convict surgeonfish Acanthurus triostegus, and determined that the ecological, morphological, physiological and behavioral changes occurring at recruitment correspond to a metamorphosis mediated by thyroid hormones (TH). Then, I investigated whether this metamorphosis is prone to endocrine disruption under anthropogenic disturbances such as elevated sea water temperature and agricultural pesticide pollution. I demonstrated that such pressures can reduce TH levels at a critical developmental stage in coral-reef fishes, impairing their metamorphic processes such as intestine remodeling, sensory organ maturation, and sensory abilities acquisition, further increasing their mortality rates. Overall, this thesis is a holistic analysis that addresses molecular, histological, anatomical, and behavioral assays of multiple stressors affecting coral-reef fish recruitment. It indicates the importance of a proper endocrine function during coral-reef fish recruitment, highlighting the need for a better understanding of these processes for coral-reef conservation
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Ma, Jia Ji Wei. "A geospatial methodology for assessing wetland vulnerability under anthropogenic pressures at a watershed scale". Diss., UMK access, 2006.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Geosciences and School of Computing and Engineering. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2006.
"A dissertation in geoscience and software architecture." Advisor: Wei Ji. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Nov. 13, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 248-261). Online version of the print edition.
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Chiziane, Hércio Issac Patrício. "Analysis of morphometric attributes of benthic nematodes as descriptors of the different ecological conditions". Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17979.

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Mestrado em Gestão e Conservação dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Universidade de Évora
Free-living nematodes have been and are continually considered excellent bioindicators by several authors. Their high structural and functional diversity makes them more diversified and numerically dominant in aquatic habitats, with a wide distribution ranging from untouched habitats to highly polluted habitats. This fact as called the attention of many researchers who in turn motivated and promoted their use in the evaluation of the quality of water bodies. Farther, studies showed that morphometry and biomass are two important aspects to consider in ecological studies of free-living nematodes. The current study focuses on the investigation of the morphometric attributes of the free-living nematodes of the Tagus estuary (Portugal) in order to relate them to the various environmental conditions of the sediment along the estuary. Therefore, the following null hypothesis was tested: There will be no differences in the nematode morphometric parameters (length, width, L / W ratio and biomass) in the different sections of the estuary. Conclusions led to the rejection of the null hypothesis as significant differences were observed along the sections of the estuary for most of the morphometric attributes measurements taking in consideration the six most abundant genera of nematodes in the Tagus estuary (Terschellingia, Sabatieria, Daptonema, Ptycholaimellus, Viscosia and Anoplostoma). Though salinity, depth, grain size variables and organic matter were the environmental variables that were found to be more correlated with the nematode morphometric attributes variance along the estuary, nematode size and shape at investigated sections most likely reflected differences in quality and quantity of organic material and sediment size of the estuary. Most of the variability in terms of nematode morphometry along the Tagus estuary were verified for the genera Terschellingia leading to the conclusion that this genera can provide better information about the different environmental conditions of the sediment along the Tagus estuary
Os nemátodes de vida livre foram e são continuamente considerados ótimos bioindicadores por vários autores. A elevada diversidade estrutural e funcional dos nemátodes de vida livre torna-os o grupo mais diversificado e numericamente dominante em habitats aquáticos, com uma ampla distribuição que varia de habitats intocados a habitats altamente poluídos. Este fato chamou a atenção de muitos investigadores que, por sua vez, motivaram e promoveram o seu uso na avaliação da qualidade das massas de água. Além disso, estudos mostraram que a morfometria e biomassa são dois aspectos importantes a serem considerados em estudos ecológicos de nemátodes de vida livre. O corrente estudo foca-se na investigação dos atributos morfométricos dos nemátodes de vida livre do estuário do Tejo de modo a relacioná-los com as várias condições ambientais do sedimento ao longo do estuário. Para este efeito foi testada a seguinte hipótese nula: Não haverá diferenças nos parâmetros de nemátodes (comprimento, largura, relação C/L e biomassa) em diferentes secções do estuário. As conclusões levaram à rejeição da hipótese nula. Diferenças significativas foram observadas ao longo das seções do estuário para a maioria das medições dos atributos morfométricos dos seis géneros mais abundantes de nemátodes no estuário do Tejo (Terschellingia, Sabatieria, Daptonema, Ptycholaimellus, Viscosia e Anoplostoma). Embora a salinidade, profundidade, tamanho do sedimento e matéria orgânica tenham sido as variáveis ambientais mais correlacionadas com a variância dos atributos morfométricos dos nemátodes ao longo do estuário, o tamanho e a morfologia de nemátodes nas seções investigadas refletiram diferenças na qualidade e quantidade de matéria orgânica e tamanho do sedimento do estuário. A maior parte da variabilidade em termos de morfometria dos nemátodos ao longo do estuário do Tejo foi verificada para o género Terschellingia, levando à conclusão de que este género pode fornecer uma melhor informação sobre as diferentes condições ambientais do sedimento ao longo do estuário do Tejo
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Holzwarth, Ingrid [Verfasser]. "Implications of direct anthropogenic pressures on dissolved oxygen dynamics in a well-mixed estuary / Ingrid Holzwarth". Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/116822912X/34.

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Freitas, Luís Guilherme Pereira Antunes. "Planeamento de restauro fluvial do Rio Alcoa". Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5321.

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Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The European Union established a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Considering the need for the natural resources protection and conservation, the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC Directive was adopted, involving the efforts of all Member States in the task of achieving good status for all waters, in which the aim of achieving good ecological state for natural ecosystems can be included. Within this context, the main objectives of this study are: the characterisation and quantification of the degradation degree in the fluvial ecosystem of the Alcoa river drainage basin, and to that end it was used the Predictive Ecological State methodology; and planning restoration actions for the most degraded stretches of the river system which deteriorate under the effect of human actions. Based on the results obtained, a Map of River Corridor Conservation Status was developed for the Alcoa river catchment area with the intend of revealing the degree of degradation of the river streams, and a Map of River Restoration Planning was developed which summarizes the restoration actions to be implement in the drainage basin.
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Eilers, Silke [Verfasser], Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Hillebrand i Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Brey. "Analysis and assessment of cumulative effects of anthropogenic pressures on ecosystem components / Silke Eilers ; Helmut Hillebrand, Thomas Brey". Oldenburg : BIS der Universität Oldenburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/123414896X/34.

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Rhodes, Monika, i n/a. "The Ecology and Conservation of the White-Striped Freetail Bat (Tadarida australis) in Urban Environments". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070314.114451.

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Of all anthropogenic pressures, urbanisation is one of the most damaging, and is expanding in its influence throughout the world. In Australia, 90% of the human population live in urban centres along the eastern seaboard. Before European settlement in the early 1800s, much of the Australia's East coast was dominated by forests. Many of the forest dependent fauna have had to adapt to forest fragmentation and habitat loss resulting from clearing for urbanisation. However, relatively few studies have investigated the impact of urbanisation on biodiversity. This is especially true for the remaining fauna in large metropolitan areas, such as Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane. The physical and conceptual context of this thesis is the increasing impact of urbanisation and the potentially threatening factors to forest dependent fauna. Bats were selected because they comprise a third of Australia's mammal species, and therefore form a major component of Australia's biodiversity. Very little is known about the ecology and conservation biology of hollow-dependent bats in general, but particularly in urban environments. The study was conducted in Brisbane, south-east Queensland, one of Australia's most biodiverse regions. More than a third of Australia's bat species occur in this region. A large insectivorous bat, the white-striped freetail bat (Tadarida australis), was selected to study two key resources in this urban area - hollow availability and foraging habitat. This thesis also examined if artificial roost habitat could provide temporary roosts for white-striped freetail bats and other insectivorous bats and assessed whether these bat boxes can be used as a conservation tool in urban environments where natural hollow-availability is limited. The white-striped freetail bat is an obligate hollow-dweller and roosted largely in hollows of old or dead eucalypts throughout Brisbane's urban matrix. These roost trees harboured significantly more additional hollow-dependent species compared to control trees of similar age, height, and tree diameter. Roost cavities inside trees often exceeded 30 cm in diameter. Furthermore, maternity colonies used cavities of hollow trunks, which often extended into major branches, to roost in big numbers. Therefore artificial alternatives, such as small bat boxes, may provide temporary shelter for small roosting groups, but are unlikely to be suitable substitutes for habitat loss. Although five bat species used bat boxes during this study, the white-striped freetail bat was not attracted into bat boxes. Roost-switching behaviour was then used to quantify associations between individual white-striped freetail bats of a roosting group. Despite differences in gender and reproductive seasons, the bats exhibited the same behaviour throughout three radio-telemetry periods and over 500 bat-days of radio-tracking: each roosted in separate roosts, switched roosts very infrequently, and associated with other tagged bats only at a communal roost. Furthermore, the communal roost exhibited a hub of socialising between members of the roosting group especially at night, with vocalisation and swarming behaviour not found at any of the other roosts. Despite being spread over a large geographic area (up to 200 km2), each roost was connected to others by less than three links. One roost (the communal roost) defined the architecture of the network because it had the most links. That the network showed scale-free properties has profound implications for the management of the habitat trees of this roosting group. Scale-free networks provide high tolerance against stochastic events such as random roost removals, but are susceptible to the selective removal of hub nodes, such as the communal roost. The white-striped freetail bat flew at high speed and covered large distances in search for food. It foraged over all land-cover types found in Brisbane. However, its observed foraging behaviour was non-random with respect to both spatial location and the nature of the ground-level habitat. The main feeding areas were within three kilometers of the communal roost, predominantly over the Brisbane River flood plains. As the only mammal capable of flight, bats can forage above fragmented habitats. However, as this study showed, hollow-dependent insectivorous bats, including free-tailed bats, are specialised in their roosting requirements. The ongoing protection of hollow-bearing trees, and the ongoing recruitment of future hollow-bearing trees, is essential for the long-term conservation of these animals in highly fragmented landscapes. Furthermore, loss of foraging habitat is still poorly understood, and should be considered in the ongoing conservation of bats in urban environments.
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Mestre, Débora Jesuíno. "Planeamento de restauro de corredores fluviais na bacia do Rio Grande". Master's thesis, ISA, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6470.

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Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
According to the Water Framework Directive (WFD), which requires Member States to take measures in order to protect, enhance and restore the superficial water bodies, looking to attain a good water quality status, the work at hand aims at assessing the ecological status of the Rio Grande water bodies, by implementing the Predicted Ecological State methodology. This methodology allows the division of the fluvial ecosystem in sections with homogenous features, the identification of its degradation level through the measurement of local anthropogenic pressures and plan rehabilitation measures and actions so as to achieve the goal set by the WFD.
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Rhodes, Monika. "The Ecology and Conservation of the White-Striped Freetail Bat (Tadarida australis) in Urban Environments". Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367292.

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Of all anthropogenic pressures, urbanisation is one of the most damaging, and is expanding in its influence throughout the world. In Australia, 90% of the human population live in urban centres along the eastern seaboard. Before European settlement in the early 1800s, much of the Australia's East coast was dominated by forests. Many of the forest dependent fauna have had to adapt to forest fragmentation and habitat loss resulting from clearing for urbanisation. However, relatively few studies have investigated the impact of urbanisation on biodiversity. This is especially true for the remaining fauna in large metropolitan areas, such as Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane. The physical and conceptual context of this thesis is the increasing impact of urbanisation and the potentially threatening factors to forest dependent fauna. Bats were selected because they comprise a third of Australia's mammal species, and therefore form a major component of Australia's biodiversity. Very little is known about the ecology and conservation biology of hollow-dependent bats in general, but particularly in urban environments. The study was conducted in Brisbane, south-east Queensland, one of Australia's most biodiverse regions. More than a third of Australia's bat species occur in this region. A large insectivorous bat, the white-striped freetail bat (Tadarida australis), was selected to study two key resources in this urban area - hollow availability and foraging habitat. This thesis also examined if artificial roost habitat could provide temporary roosts for white-striped freetail bats and other insectivorous bats and assessed whether these bat boxes can be used as a conservation tool in urban environments where natural hollow-availability is limited. The white-striped freetail bat is an obligate hollow-dweller and roosted largely in hollows of old or dead eucalypts throughout Brisbane's urban matrix. These roost trees harboured significantly more additional hollow-dependent species compared to control trees of similar age, height, and tree diameter. Roost cavities inside trees often exceeded 30 cm in diameter. Furthermore, maternity colonies used cavities of hollow trunks, which often extended into major branches, to roost in big numbers. Therefore artificial alternatives, such as small bat boxes, may provide temporary shelter for small roosting groups, but are unlikely to be suitable substitutes for habitat loss. Although five bat species used bat boxes during this study, the white-striped freetail bat was not attracted into bat boxes. Roost-switching behaviour was then used to quantify associations between individual white-striped freetail bats of a roosting group. Despite differences in gender and reproductive seasons, the bats exhibited the same behaviour throughout three radio-telemetry periods and over 500 bat-days of radio-tracking: each roosted in separate roosts, switched roosts very infrequently, and associated with other tagged bats only at a communal roost. Furthermore, the communal roost exhibited a hub of socialising between members of the roosting group especially at night, with vocalisation and swarming behaviour not found at any of the other roosts. Despite being spread over a large geographic area (up to 200 km2), each roost was connected to others by less than three links. One roost (the communal roost) defined the architecture of the network because it had the most links. That the network showed scale-free properties has profound implications for the management of the habitat trees of this roosting group. Scale-free networks provide high tolerance against stochastic events such as random roost removals, but are susceptible to the selective removal of hub nodes, such as the communal roost. The white-striped freetail bat flew at high speed and covered large distances in search for food. It foraged over all land-cover types found in Brisbane. However, its observed foraging behaviour was non-random with respect to both spatial location and the nature of the ground-level habitat. The main feeding areas were within three kilometers of the communal roost, predominantly over the Brisbane River flood plains. As the only mammal capable of flight, bats can forage above fragmented habitats. However, as this study showed, hollow-dependent insectivorous bats, including free-tailed bats, are specialised in their roosting requirements. The ongoing protection of hollow-bearing trees, and the ongoing recruitment of future hollow-bearing trees, is essential for the long-term conservation of these animals in highly fragmented landscapes. Furthermore, loss of foraging habitat is still poorly understood, and should be considered in the ongoing conservation of bats in urban environments.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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Książki na temat "Anthropogenic pressures"

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Serebryakov, Oleg. Ecological and geological problems of development of oil and gas fields in the Caspian region. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24289.

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The paper summarizes and examined extensive evidence on the environmental, geological and technological challenges of exploration and production of oil and gas, encountered during the development of the gigantic fields. Investigated environmental problems of underground disposal of wastes, the formation of zones of technogenic pollution, ecology megalonyx pressures and many others. Describes the environmental effects of oil and gas companies on the environment. The proposal for reducing the negative anthropogenic influence on the geoecological conditions of the environment. Justified the monitoring of the exploration and exploitation of deposits of natural raw materials. Is designed to masters, post-graduate students and students studying on the specialty "Environmental Geology", "Geology and Geochemistry of combustible minerals", "Geology of marine oil and gas fields", "Hydrogeology and engineering Geology", a wide range of scientific and industrial workers of the oil and gas industry, high school teachers and graduate students geoenvironmental, environmental, oil and gas fields.
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James, Harrison. Saving the Oceans Through Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198707325.001.0001.

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The oceans provide many vital ecosystem services for humankind, but the health of the world’s seas is in serious decline. The protection of the marine environment has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges for the international community. An effective solution depends upon the cooperation of all states towards achieving agreed objectives. International law plays a vital role in this process. This book provides a critical assessment of the international legal instruments that have been negotiated for the protection of the marine environment and identifies key trends in global ocean governance. Starting with a detailed analysis of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the book explains and evaluates the main global and regional treaties and related instruments that seek to prevent, reduce, and control damage to the marine environment caused by navigation, seabed exploitation, fishing, dumping, geo-engineering, and land-based activities, as well as emerging pressures such as ocean noise, ocean acidification, and climate change. The book demonstrates how international institutions have expanded their mandates to address a broader range of marine environmental issues and to promote an ecosystems approach to regulation. It also discusses the development of diverse regulatory tools to address anthropogenic impacts on the marine environment and the extent to which States have adopted a precautionary approach in different maritime sectors. Whilst many advances have been made, the book highlights the need for greater coordination between international institutions, as well as the desirability of developing stronger enforcement mechanisms for international environmental rules.
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Omstedt, Anders. The Development of Climate Science of the Baltic Sea Region. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.654.

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Dramatic climate changes have occurred in the Baltic Sea region caused by changes in orbital movement in the earth–sun system and the melting of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. Added to these longer-term changes, changes have occurred at all timescales, caused mainly by variations in large-scale atmospheric pressure systems due to competition between the meandering midlatitude low-pressure systems and high-pressure systems. Here we follow the development of climate science of the Baltic Sea from when observations began in the 18th century to the early 21st century. The question of why the water level is sinking around the Baltic Sea coasts could not be answered until the ideas of postglacial uplift and the thermal history of the earth were better understood in the 19th century and periodic behavior in climate related time series attracted scientific interest. Herring and sardine fishing successes and failures have led to investigations of fishery and climate change and to the realization that fisheries themselves have strongly negative effects on the marine environment, calling for international assessment efforts. Scientists later introduced the concept of regime shifts when interpreting their data, attributing these to various causes. The increasing amount of anoxic deep water in the Baltic Sea and eutrophication have prompted debate about what is natural and what is anthropogenic, and the scientific outcome of these debates now forms the basis of international management efforts to reduce nutrient leakage from land. The observed increase in atmospheric CO2 and its effects on global warming have focused the climate debate on trends and generated a series of international and regional assessments and research programs that have greatly improved our understanding of climate and environmental changes, bolstering the efforts of earth system science, in which both climate and environmental factors are analyzed together.Major achievements of past centuries have included developing and organizing regular observation and monitoring programs. The free availability of data sets has supported the development of more accurate forcing functions for Baltic Sea models and made it possible to better understand and model the Baltic Sea–North Sea system, including the development of coupled land–sea–atmosphere models. Most indirect and direct observations of the climate find great variability and stochastic behavior, so conclusions based on short time series are problematic, leading to qualifications about periodicity, trends, and regime shifts. Starting in the 1980s, systematic research into climate change has considerably improved our understanding of regional warming and multiple threats to the Baltic Sea. Several aspects of regional climate and environmental changes and how they interact are, however, unknown and merit future research.
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Części książek na temat "Anthropogenic pressures"

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Đikanović, Vesna, Miroslav Nikčević, Branislav Mićković, Aleksandar Hegediš, Danilo Mrdak i Vladimir Pešić. "Anthropogenic Pressures on Watercourses of the Danube River Basin in Montenegro". W Geobotany Studies, 241–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37242-2_12.

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Winfield, I. J., C. E. Adams, J. D. Armstrong, R. Gardiner, A. Kirika, J. Montgomery, B. M. Spears, D. C. Stewart, J. E. Thorpe i W. Wilson. "Changes in the fish community of Loch Leven: untangling anthropogenic pressures". W Loch Leven: 40 years of scientific research, 73–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4333-5_8.

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Wagner, Greg M., i Rose Sallema-Mtui. "The Rufiji Estuary: Climate Change, Anthropogenic Pressures, Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptive Management Strategies". W Estuaries of the World, 183–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25370-1_12.

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Mercado, Jes′us M. "Physiological Basis for the use of Seaweeds as Indicators of Anthropogenic Pressures: The Case of Green Tides". W Handbook of Marine Macroalgae, 106–15. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119977087.ch5.

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de Jong, Carmen, Franco Previtali i Gloria Carletti. "Challenges in Assessing and Managing Geo-hydrological Risk Related to Natural and Anthropogenic Pressures in Alpine Ski Resorts". W Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 5, 781–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09048-1_152.

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Hetemäki, Lauri, i Jyri Seppälä. "Planetary Boundaries and the Role of the Forest-Based Sector". W Forest Bioeconomy and Climate Change, 19–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99206-4_2.

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Abstract‘Planetary boundaries’ is a concept that has been introduced by Earth system scientists to refer particularly to anthropogenic pressures on the Earth system that have reached a scale where abrupt global environmental change can no longer be excluded. In the planetary boundaries discussion, climate change plays a central role due to its overarching impacts on all the other planetary boundaries. For example, climate change critically impacts biodiversity and land-use changes. Consequently, climate change shapes policies, strategies and actions at the global, continental, national, regional and individual levels. The main policy through which the EU is seeking to address climate change and direct the region to live within the planetary boundaries is the European Green Deal (EGD), launched in 2019. The EGD clearly acknowledges the role forests can play in sinking carbon and suggests measures to enhance forest restoration and conservation. However, it falls short of recognising the role that the forest-based bioeconomy can also play in achieving the EGD objectives. History shows that European forests can simultaneously increase the carbon sink, biodiversity and wood production.
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Gevaña, Dixon T., Josephine E. Garcia, Clarissa D. Ruzol, Felisa L. Malabayabas, Liezl B. Grefalda, Elizabeth O’Brien, Elsa P. Santos i Leni D. Camacho. "Climate Change Resiliency Through Mangrove Conservation: The Case of Alitas Farmers of Infanta, Philippines". W Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS), 195–214. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6761-6_11.

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AbstractTransformation, transition, and paradigm shift are increasingly applied concepts in literature on climate resiliency to describe changes in society and the environment. Here, we considered mangroves to be dynamic socio-ecological systems, subject to increasing anthropogenic pressures that present complex challenges for the design of effective coastal governance. Analysing these systems through a participatory approach, we consulted a community who lives in close relationship with mangroves, the Alitas farmers of Infanta, Quezon Province, Philippines. This community has improved decision-making processes for the development of adaptation strategies to climate change. In turn, a sustainably managed and conserved mangrove forest promotes human well-being and resilience, particularly for those households whose livelihoods are dependent on the resources that mangroves provide. This paper examined the importance of mangrove land management that addresses climate change hazards. We synthesised various perspectives on the importance of mangrove conservation for enhancing climate resiliency by: (1) describing the climate-related hazards that affect local communities and mangroves; (2) describing socio-institutional structures influencing effective mangrove conservation and local resilience; and (3) identifying climate change adaptation strategies that promote local development and mangrove conservation. This paper establishes a collaborative management framework for future risk-resilience management that operates alongside coastal communities within the Philippines and across the global stage.
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Torras, Xavier, Susana Pinedo, María García, Boris Weitzmann i Enric Ballesteros. "Environmental Quality of Catalan Coastal Waters Based on Macroalgae: The Interannual Variability of CARLIT Index and Its Ability to Detect Changes in Anthropogenic Pressures over Time". W The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 183–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2015_370.

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Quintero-Angel, Andrés, Andrés López-Rosada, Mauricio Quintero-Angel, David Quintero-Angel, Diana Mendoza-Salazar, Sara Catalina Rodríguez-Díaz i Sebastian Orjuela-Salazar. "Linking Biocultural Memory Conservation and Human Well-Being in Indigenous Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes in the Colombian Pacific Region". W Biodiversity-Health-Sustainability Nexus in Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS), 35–59. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9893-4_3.

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AbstractThe Colombian Pacific region is one of the most biodiverse areas in the world; however, it is severely threatened by anthropogenic pressures. In addition, armed conflict and poverty are compounding factors causing the loss of biodiversity and cultural identity. In response to this situation, the Wounaan-Nonam original people of Puerto Pizario and Santa Rosa de Guayacán declared five Indigenous Protected Areas (IPA) in 2008. We conducted a study to highlight the link between the conservation of biocultural memory and contributions to human well-being, particularly to human health, in indigenous socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes (SEPLS). Since 2013, the research-action-participation methodology has been applied to recover ecological traditional knowledge on how ancestors managed nature and elements associated with their cosmovision. Following the TNC conservation of areas methodology, eight biological and cultural conservation values were identified for the IPAs and 5-year management plans for conservation were formulated. As a result of this process, we created a tool that involves traditional knowledge to administer the total 1850 hectares covered by the five IPAs. We also found that the main challenges faced by indigenous communities in the management of IPAs as an integral part of the indigenous SEPLS are associated with weak organisational and governance processes. Additionally, we identified the main opportunities ecosystem services offer in the IPAs, which enhance the quality of life and health of the original peoples and ecosystems at a regional level. Finally, the making of handicrafts is identified as an opportunity in these SELPS, as it represents an alternative for generating income through sustainable productive chains in biotrade strategies.
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Harris, Mark Anglin. "Air, Land, and Water Contamination from Industrial Processing of Bitter Cassava: Implications for Pre-emptive Moisture-Pressure Combination Treatments". W Geobiotechnological Solutions to Anthropogenic Disturbances, 407–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30465-6_16.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Anthropogenic pressures"

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Lindstrom, Leena. "Anthropogenic selection pressures and the consequences of sublethal pesticide usage". W 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93938.

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Zoran, Maria, Roxana Savastru, Dan Savastru i Adrian Dida. "Satellite Earth observation data to identify climate and anthropogenic pressures on Bucharest periurban forests". W 9TH INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CONFERENCE OF THE BALKAN PHYSICAL UNION (BPU-9). AIP Publishing LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4944279.

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Ribeiro, Diogo, Diogo Dias, Gil Santos, João Gago, Beatriz Serrano, Luis Almeida, Joana Martelo i in. "Fish Communities in the Lower Tagus Inland Wetlands: From Anthropogenic Pressures to Conservation Management". W SIBIC 2022. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022013114.

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Houngnandan, Fabrice, Julie Deter i Sonia Kefi. "How anthropogenic pressures and environmental variables influence the spatial configuration of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica in France?" W OCEANS 2019 - Marseille. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanse.2019.8867163.

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Valerio, Carlotta, Graciela Gómez Nicola, Rocío Aránzazu Baquero Noriega, Alberto Garrido i Lucia De Stefano. "Insights into fish-anthropogenic pressures relationships using machine learning techniques: the case of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain)". W Proceedings of the 39th IAHR World Congress From Snow to Sea. Spain: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/iahr-39wc252171192022127.

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Luchnikova, E. M., V. B. Ilyashenko, N. S. Teplova, A. V. Kovalevskiy i K. S. Zubko. "IMPACT OF AGROCENOSES ON THE POPULATIONS OF SMALL MAMMALS OF RECREATIONAL PINE FORESTS IN THE TOM RIVER VALLEY". W STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.688-692.

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The paper is devoted to studying the influence of agricultural lands on the formation of small mammal communities in the pine forests of the Tom River Valley. For the analysis, we took sites of natural and artificial pine forests of different areas experiencing various anthropogenic pressures. A relationship was found between the size of the pine forest and its resistance to invasive species. The creation of artificial pine forests in the forest-steppe does not lead to the formation of typical forest communities of small mammals, due to their limited ability to resettle.
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Suleimenovich MUSTAFAYEV, Zhumakhan, Jozef MOSIEJ, Lya Tobazhanovna KOZYKEEVA i Kurmanbek ZHANYMKHAN. "METHODS OF COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURE FOR WATER RESOURCES IN CENTRAL ASIA - KARATAL RIVER CASE STUDY". W RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.123.

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Development of the national economy in the Karatal basin river is characterized by the progressive involvement and development of the resource potential of natural landscapes, the current rate of utilization of which greatly enhances the anthropogenic impact on the natural environment. A significant impact on the formation of the ecological environment of natural landscapes is provided by the rural and water sectors, as well as by industrial facilities related to processing and mining. At the same time, on the one hand the economic activity of the man in the catchment areas of the river basin gives a certain positive effect, and on the other hand, it is accompanied by an unavoidable set of negative ecological consequences that complicate ecological situations in various ranks of natural systems. Such negative natural and man-caused process in human activity occurs as a result of inadequate knowledge of the regularities of interaction between natural and anthropogenic factors, about the processes developing in the natural environment in complex watershed management, which is one of the obstacles on the way to the creation of ecologically sustainable cost-effective water catchment systems. Scientific interest to the assessment of the ecological state of the catchments of rivers and the problem of their complex development have been appeared relatively recently which is explained by the increase in modern conditions of anthropogenic load on the catchment areas, the need to assess the impact of such pressures on the ecological stability of catchments and the emergence of the problem of ensuring the sustainable function of catchments. The catena concept was developed to analyze the regular variability of soil on the slope. The example of this approach consists first in a structural component, the recurring pattern of certain soils in a landscape transects in which every chain element has its place in the chain, a soil has it in a landscape areal. The object of the research is the catchment basin of the Karatal river with a length of 390 km, an area of 19.1 thousand km², which is formed by the merger of three rivers called Tekeliaryk, Chadzha and Kora, sources which are at an altitude of 3200-3900 m. The initial 160 km is mountain character, from the Zhungarian Alatau and below the confluence of Kara and Chizhe River overlooks a wide intermountain plain. Other tributaries are Kara, Terekty, Laba, Balykty, Mokur and the most abundant is Koksu. After the confluence of the tributary of the Koksu River, Karatal flows through the sandy desert of the Southern Balkhash. At a distance of 40 km from the mouth, the river has a delta area of 860 km 2. According to long-term observations, the average annual discharge of the Karatal River in the Ushtobe section is 66.7 m3/s or 2.1 km3/ year.
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Roy, S., D. Pujari i M. Saraswat. "ASSESSMENT OF URBAN ECOSYSTEMS: A STRUCTURED APPROACH TOWARDS BUILDING RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN INDIAN TOWNS AND CITIES". W The 5th International Conference on Climate Change 2021 – (ICCC 2021). The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/2513258x.2021.5103.

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The fast-urbanizing Indian cities are grappling with rising ecological challenges. Pollution, water insecurity, urban heat, and flooding have increased the vulnerability of the urban population. There is a need to look at urban settlements as a functioning natural ecosystem delineated by administrative boundaries and to evaluate their health regularly through a comprehensive, easy to adopt, structured approach. This study aims to track and evaluate the ecosystem health of three different categories of urban settlements: a group of metropolitan wards, a growing peripheral city, and an emerging town, through adaption of Pressure- State-Response (PSR) framework developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)’. The methodology includes indices-driven change detection of ecosystem components and pressure points on the same, by using spatial and non-spatial data, developing an impact matrix, and prioritized eco plans for action. Increasing built-up surfaces in the peripheral city (11%) and the metropolitan wards (23%) show increased pressure on their ecosystem in the form of reducing pervious surfaces. Increasing water turbidity, land surface temperatures, and aerosol content in the air depict pressure hotspots requiring mitigative, restorative, and preventive action. A significant decrease observed in heavy vegetation in the metropolitan wards (58% in the last 5 years) and an increase in industrial activities and aerosol is observed in conjunction with increasing air temperatures and this points towards an impending change in its livability index due to anthropogenic pressures and climate change. The study concludes that a structured approach can aid in agile and sustainable management of our towns and cities and nature-based solutions provide an opportunity to restore the ecosystem balance. Keywords: Urban Assessment Nature-based solutions, Ecosystem Health, Urban Ecosystem, Urban management
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Kurinnaya, Yuliya, i Natalia Orekhova. "COASTAL HYPOXIA IN AREAS UNDER ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURE". W 20th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings SGEM 2020. STEF92 Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2020/3.1/s15.106.

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Skripnikov, P., i A. Nalivaichenko. "ACCUMULATION OF ORGANIC CARBON UNDER WOODY PLANT COMMUNITIES IN URBAN FORESTS OF ROSTOV-ON-DON". W Reproduction, monitoring and protection of natural, natural-anthropogenic and anthropogenic landscapes. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/rmpnnaal2021_97-102.

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The paper provides an analysis of the vegetation state and soil cover of the "Temernitskaya Roscha" and the "Schepkinsky Les" artificial recreational forests which located in the Rostov-on-Don city. Geobotanical descriptions were carried out according to the standard method to species diversity assessing. The “Temernitskaya Roscha" recreational forests has been affected by anthropogenic pressure, but its grass cover was more diverse than in the "Schepkinsky Les" recreational forests where tree plant species was dominated. The study of the soil cover revealed a statistically significant increase of the organic matter content in the AUrz surface horizon. This increase was noted in soils under woody vegetation, in comparison with steppe zones which are typical for our region. In the underlying AU horizons, the accumulation and distribution of Corg, in turn, has a similar character for all studied soils. There are no significant differences between the chernozems of the forest park zone and fallow territories in the accumulation and distribution of Corg. The calcium carbonates profile distribution under woody vegetation is characterized by a decrease in the carbonated depth, visual blurriness of the presence of carbonates and the presence of rarely encountered lime nodules in the lower part of the profile.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Anthropogenic pressures"

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Djukić, Nikola, Božica Vasiljević, Djuradj Milosević, Aleksandar Dj Valjarević, Tatjana Jakšić, Predrag Vasić i Snežana Štrbac. A Water Quality Assessment Based on Benthic Diatoms of the Timok River Basin (Eastern Serbia) under Multiple Anthropogenic Pressures. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, grudzień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.12.09.

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Schmidt, Mark. Dynamics and variability of POC burial in depocenters of the North Sea (Skagerrak), Cruise No. AL561, 2.08.2021 – 13.08.2021, Kiel – Kiel, APOC. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al561.

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The AL561 cruise was conducted in the framework of the project APOC (“Anthropogenic impacts on Particulate Organic Carbon cycling in the North Sea”). This collaborative project between GEOMAR, AWI, HEREON, UHH, and BUND is to understand how particulate organic carbon (POC) cycling contributes to carbon sequestration in the North Sea and how this ecosystem service is compromised and interlinked with global change and a range of human pressures include fisheries (pelagic fisheries, bottom trawling), resource extraction (sand mining), sediment management (dredging and disposal of dredged sediments) and eutrophication. The main aim of the sampling activity during AL561 cruise was to recover undisturbed sediment from high accumulation sites in the Skagerrak/Kattegat and to subsample sediment/porewater at high resolution in order to investigate sedimentation transport processes, origin of sediment/POC and mineralization processes over the last 100- 200 years. Moreover, the actual processes of sedimentation and POC degradation in the water column and benthic layer will be addressed by sampling with CTD and Lander devices. In total 9 hydroacoustic surveys (59 profiles), 4 Gravity Corer, 7 Multicorer, 3 Lander and 4 CTD stations were successfully conducted during the AL561 cruise. - (Alkor-Berichte ; AL561)
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Moores, Lee C., P. U. Ashvin, I. Fernando i Garret W. George. Synthesis of 2-Methoxypropyl Benzene for Epitope Imprinting. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44883.

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Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are occurring with increasing frequency and severity across the globe in part due to climate change and anthropogenic pollution (Bullerjahn et al. 2016). HABs produce several classes of toxins; however, microcystins (MCs) are the most commonly studied (Lone et al. 2015) and can be potent toxins with LD50s in the range of 50 μg/kg (Puddick et al. 2014). Sample analysis in laboratories, typically by high-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) or by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs) (USEPA 2015). These analytical techniques are highly sensitive and selective for the given toxins; however, the time it takes to collect, transfer, prepare, and analyze a sample before the data can be reported is significant; often, multiple days is the most expeditious.
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Kingston, A. W., O. H. Ardakani, G. Scheffer, M. Nightingale, C. Hubert i B. Meyer. The subsurface sulfur system following hydraulic stimulation of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs: assessing anthropogenic influences on microbial sulfate reduction in the deep subsurface, Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330712.

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Hydraulic fracturing is a reservoir stimulation technique that involves the injection of high-pressure fluids to enhance recovery from unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. Often this involves the injection of surface waters (along with additives such as biocides) into formational fluids significantly different isotopic and geochemical compositions facilitating geochemical fingerprinting of these fluid sources. In some instances, the produced fluids experience an increase in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration over the course of production resulting in an increased risk to health and safety, the environment, and infrastructure due to the toxic and corrosive nature of H2S. However, questions remain as to the origin and processes leading to H2S formation following hydraulic fracturing. In this study, we analyzed a series of produced waters following hydraulic fracturing of a horizontal well completed in the Montney Formation, Western Canada to evaluate variations in geochemical and microbiological composition over time and characterize potential sulfur species involved in the production of H2S. Initially, sulfur isotope ratios (d34S, VCDT) of dissolved sulfate in produced water had a baseline value of 27per mil similar to the d34S value of 25per mil for solid anhydrite derived from core material. Subsequently, d34S values of sulfate in produced fluids sequentially increased to 35per mil coincident with the appearance of sulfides in produced waters with a d34SH2S value of 18per mil. Oxygen isotope values of dissolved sulfate exhibited a synchronous increase from 13.2per mil to 15.8per mil VSMOW suggesting sulfate reduction commenced in the subsurface following hydraulic fracturing. Formation temperatures are <100°C precluding thermochemical sulfate reduction as a potential mechanism for H2S production. We suggest that microbial reduction of anhydrite-derived sulfate within the formation is likely responsible for the increase in H2S within produced waters despite the use of biocides within the hydraulic fracturing fluids. Initial assessments of microbial communities indicate a shift in community diversity over time and interactions between in situ communities and those introduced during the hydraulic fracturing process. This study indicates that biocides may not be fully effective in inhibiting microbial sulfate reduction and highlights the role anthropogenic influences such as hydraulic fracturing can have on the generation of H2S in the subsurface.
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