Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Antennae

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Antennae”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 11 marca 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Antennae"

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Mizutani, Hitomi, Kazuhiro Tagai, Shunya Habe, Yasuharu Takaku, Tatsuya Uebi, Toshifumi Kimura, Takahiko Hariyama i Mamiko Ozaki. "Antenna Cleaning Is Essential for Precise Behavioral Response to Alarm Pheromone and Nestmate–Non-Nestmate Discrimination in Japanese Carpenter Ants (Camponotus japonicus)". Insects 12, nr 9 (28.08.2021): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12090773.

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Self-grooming of the antennae is frequently observed in ants. This antennal maintenance behavior is presumed to be essential for effective chemical communication but, to our knowledge, this has not yet been well studied. When we removed the antenna-cleaning apparatuses of the Japanese carpenter ant (C. japonicus) to limit the self-grooming of the antennae, the worker ants demonstrated the self-grooming gesture as usual, but the antennal surface could not be sufficiently cleaned. By using scanning electron microscopy with NanoSuit, we observed the ants’ antennae for up to 48 h and found that the antennal surfaces gradually became covered with self-secreted surface material. Concurrently, the self-grooming-limited workers gradually lost their behavioral responsiveness to undecane—the alarm pheromone. Indeed, their locomotive response to the alarm pheromone diminished for up to 24 h after the antenna cleaner removal operation. In addition, the self-grooming-limited workers exhibited less frequent aggressive behavior toward non-nestmate workers, and 36 h after the operation, approximately half of the encountered non-nestmate workers were accepted as nestmates. These results suggest that the antennal sensing system is affected by excess surface material; hence, their proper function is prevented until they are cleaned.
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Ren, Jinjing, Hezhihan Fan, Qi Tang, Zhongyuan Yu, Yang Xiao i Xiang Zhou. "An Ultra-Wideband Vivaldi Antenna System for Long-Distance Electromagnetic Detection". Applied Sciences 12, nr 1 (5.01.2022): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010528.

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Enlarging or reducing the antenna beam width of antennas can improve the positioning capability of detection systems. A miniaturized and easily fabricated ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna system for long-distance electromagnetic detection is proposed in this article. Two ultra-wideband Vivaldi antennae were designed. One was the transmitting antenna with a beam width of 90° or above, the other was a narrow beam antenna array with beam width less than 10°, as a receiving antenna. Both proposed antennae feature broadside gain diagrams with stable radiation patterns and wideband impedance matching in the frequency range between 2.5 GHz and 4 GHz. After detecting their frequency and time-domain behaviors, the detection system can achieve measurements covering a radius of 30 m.
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CHAUD-NETTO, J. "Antennal malformations in light ocelli drones of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera, Apidae)". Revista Brasileira de Biologia 60, nr 1 (luty 2000): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71082000000100015.

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Malformed antennae of Apis mellifera light ocelli drones were drawn, dissected and mounted permanently on slides containing Canada balsam, in order to count the olfactory discs present in each segment, in comparison with the number of those structures in normal antennae of their brothers. Some drones presented morphological abnormalities in a single segment of the right or left antenna, but others had two or more malformed segments in a same antenna. Drones with malformations in both antennae were also observed. The 4th and 5th flagellum segments were the most frequently affected. In a low number of cases the frequency of olfactory discs in malformed segments did not differ from that one recorded for normal segments. However, in most cases studied, the antennal malformations brought about a significant reduction in the number of olfactory discs from malformed segments.
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Dickens, J. C., F. E. Callahan, W. P. Wergin, C. A. Murphy i R. G. Vogt. "Intergeneric distribution and immunolocalization of a putative odorant-binding protein in true bugs (Hemiptera, Heteroptera)." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, nr 1 (1.01.1998): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.1.33.

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Lygus antennal protein (LAP) is an olfactory-related protein of the tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera, Heteroptera: Miridae), a hemimetabolous insect. In previous work, a polyclonal antiserum was generated against the N-terminal sequence of LAP; LAP immunoreactivity was strongest in antennae of adult males, but was also present in antennae of adult females and of nymphs. In the current study, LAP immunoreactivity was examined to determine the species specificity and the tissue and cellular localization of LAP expression. Western blot analysis indicated that LAP immunoreactivity was present in the antennae of the male congeners L. lineolaris and L. hesperous, but was not detectable in male antennae of the more distant relatives Podisus maculiventris or Nezara viridula (Hemiptera, Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Western blot analysis further confirmed that LAP expression was restricted to antennal tissue. Histological analyses showed that LAP expression within the antennae was specifically associated with chemosensory sensilla on the antenna. Within the sensilla, LAP immunoreactivity was distributed throughout the extracellular lumen and was concentrated in dense granules within the cytoplasm of sensillar support cells. LAP immunoreactivity was restricted to a subset of antennal chemosensory sensilla, specifically the multiporous olfactory sensilla. These findings suggest that LAP has an important olfactory function in Lygus sp., possibly related to that of odorant-binding proteins (OBP) found in other insect orders. If so, LAP would be the first OBP-like protein characterized outside the Endopterygota.
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Gargi, C., J. S. Kennedy i T. D. Jayabal. "Morphometrics and distribution of antennal sensillae of both sexes of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, SI (15.07.2022): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14isi.3563.

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Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a devastating invasive pest persisting as a menace hampering the progress of Indian agriculture. The morphometrics and distribution of antennal sensilla of both sexes of S. frugiperda were investigated in the study. The antenna was filiform for both sexes and was composed of scape, pedicel and flagellum. Male antennas had more subsegments (65-71) in the flagellum than female (56-70) antennas. Male and female S. frugiperda antennae possessed eight types of sensilla: sensilla trichoidea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla styloconica, sensilla basiconica, sensilla auricillica, sensilla squamiformia and Bӧhm’s bristles. Sensilla trichoidea was the most abundant sensilla found in the antenna of both sexes and was more abundant in males than in females. It was also noticed that male antenna was longer than the female antenna. The results of the present study helps to assess alternative management strategies with an electrophysiological response of the pest towards sex pheromones and in combination with plant info chemicals for monitoring and management of S. frugiperda in agricultural ecosystems.
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Saltin, B. D., Y. Matsumura, A. Reid, J. F. Windmill, S. N. Gorb i J. C. Jackson. "Material stiffness variation in mosquito antennae". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, nr 154 (maj 2019): 20190049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0049.

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The antennae of mosquitoes are model systems for acoustic sensation, in that they obey general principles for sound detection, using both active feedback mechanisms and passive structural adaptations. However, the biomechanical aspect of the antennal structure is much less understood than the mechano-electrical transduction. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, we measured the fluorescent properties of the antennae of two species of mosquito— Toxorhynchites brevipalpis and Anopheles arabiensis —and, noting that fluorescence is correlated with material stiffness, we found that the structure of the antenna is not a simple beam of homogeneous material, but is in fact a rather more complex structure with spatially distributed discrete changes in material properties. These present as bands or rings of different material in each subunit of the antenna, which repeat along its length. While these structures may simply be required for structural robustness of the antennae, we found that in FEM simulation, these banded structures can strongly affect the resonant frequencies of cantilever-beam systems, and therefore taken together our results suggest that modulating the material properties along the length of the antenna could constitute an additional mechanism for resonant tuning in these species.
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Balakrishnan, R., i G. Pollack. "The role of antennal sensory cues in female responses to courting males in the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus". Journal of Experimental Biology 200, nr 3 (1.01.1997): 511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.3.511.

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Courtship communication in the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus is multimodal, involving a minimum of both acoustic and chemical cues. The acoustic signal, or courtship song, is necessary to elicit normal levels of female mounting of the male during courtship. Antennal input is also crucial since antennectomized females show highly reduced levels of mounting. Immobilization of the scape­pedicel and pedicel­flagellum joints of female antennae had no effect on mounting probability, suggesting that mechanosensory input from chordotonal organs at the base of the antenna is not necessary. The antennal flagellum is a multimodal sensory organ, which contains both mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors. In order to dissect the roles of different flagellar modalities, we treated antennae with zinc sulphate. This suppressed a well-characterized contact-chemosensory behaviour, initiation of courtship by males, and eliminated responsiveness of most chemosensory hairs as assayed electrophysiologically. Zinc sulphate treatment had no effect on a tactile antennal reflex, indicating that it selectively silenced chemoreceptors. Treatment of antennae with zinc sulphate reduced mounting levels nearly as much as antennectomy, suggesting that the main antennal cue required for the mounting responses is chemosensory, rather than mechanosensory, in nature.
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Zheng, L. X., W. J. Wu, G. W. Liang i Y. G. Fu. "Nymphal antennae and antennal sensilla in Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)". Bulletin of Entomological Research 104, nr 5 (28.05.2014): 622–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748531400039x.

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AbstractWhiteflies have distinct nymphal stages: their first stage is mobile, whereas the later immature stages are sessile. The developmental and structural changes of antennae and antennal sensilla in whiteflies during these stages have rarely been investigated. This paper describes the morphology of antennae and antennal sensilla in four nymphal stages of Aleurodicus dispersus based on scanning electron microscopy. There were significant differences found in shape and length of the antennae, and differences in type, number, morphological structure and distributional pattern of antennal sensilla in the four nymphal stages of A. dispersus. We found two types of sensilla on the antennae of first-instar nymph, three types on the third-instar nymphal antennae, four types on the second-instar and seven types on the fourth-instar nymphal antennae. Sensilla trichoidea (ST) and elevated sensilla placodea were found on the antennae of each nymphal stage, sensilla chaetica only occurred on the antennae of fourth-instar nymph. Sensilla furcatea occurred on the antennae of second- and third-instar nymphs, and sensilla basiconica were found on the antennae of second- and fourth-instar nymphs. In addition, there were sensilla campaniform and sensilla coeloconica found only on the antennae of fourth-instar nymph, whereas the ST of fourth-instar nymphs included sensilla trichoidea 1 and sensilla trichoidea 2. The possible functions of antennal sensilla are discussed. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the development of the olfactory system of whitefly nymphal stages, and provide a basis for further exploration of chemical communication mechanisms between whiteflies and host plants.
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Nicastro, Daniela, Ulrich Smola i Roland R. Melzer. "The antennal sensilla of the carnivorous "phantom" larva of Chaoborus crystallinus (De Geer) (Diptera, Nematocera)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, nr 1 (1.01.1995): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-003.

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The prehensile antennae of larval Chaoborus crystallinus are equipped with seven sensilla that comprise 24 sensory cells. Analysis of their ultrastructure indicates that they represent either mechano-or chemo-receptors. The main chemosensory input is established by a compound sensillum, S15 ("sensory cone" with 15-sensory cells), that is located at the tip of the antennal article (outer ventral claw). Exteroreceptors are the "middle claw" of the antenna, and a small sensillum trichodeum at half the length of the antennal article. Proprioreceptive mechanoreceptors are found in the proximal and distal regions of the antennal article. Comparison of sensillar arrangement and ultrastructure indicates that the ancient sensillar equipment of the culicid type is still present within the highly specialized catching apparatus of C. crystallinus. Compared with Culicidae, chemosensitive input is reduced, while proprioreceptive, mechanosensory input is highly developed. Larvae of Culicidae and Chaoboridae appear to possess a homologous set of antennal senilla that show specializations connected to the different functions of the antennae.
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Wang, Qike, Yidan Shang, Douglas S. Hilton, Kiao Inthavong, Dong Zhang i Mark A. Elgar. "Antennal scales improve signal detection efficiency in moths". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, nr 1874 (14.03.2018): 20172832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2832.

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The elaborate bipectinate antennae of male moths are thought to increase their sensitivity to female sex pheromones, and so should be favoured by selection. Yet simple filamentous antennae are the most common structure among moths. The stereotypic arrangements of scales on the surface of antennae may resolve this paradox. We use computational fluid dynamics techniques to model how scales on the filamentous antennae of moths affect the passage of different particles in the airflow across the flagellum in both small and large moths. We found that the scales provide an effective solution to improve the efficacy of filamentous antennae, by increasing the concentration of nanoparticles, which resemble pheromones, around the antennae. The smaller moths have a greater increase in antennal efficiency than larger moths. The scales also divert microparticles, which resemble dust, away from the antennal surface, thereby reducing contamination. The positive correlations between antennal scale angles and sensilla number across Heliozelidae moths are consistent with the predictions of our model.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Antennae"

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Kara, Mehmet. "Microstrip antennae with various substrate thickness /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk1778.pdf.

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Toh, B. Y. "Heterodyne self-steering array characterization for mobile communications". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390865.

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Karl, Simon. "The Antennae Galaxies". Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-140782.

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Schlub, Robert Walter, i n/a. "Practical Realization of Switched and Adaptive Parasitic Monopole Radiating Structures". Griffith University. School of Microelectronic Engineering, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040610.112148.

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Switched and adaptive parasitic monopole array radiating structures are investigated. Antenna design is orientated toward increasing practicability for implementation in terrestrial wireless communication systems. A number of antennas are designed with the aid of optimization and commercial simulation software. Simulation procedure was verified with the experimental manufacture and measurement of the arrays. The antennas presented in this thesis comprise an active monopole surrounded by a ring of parasitic monopoles. Parasitic radiators are constructed with static loading to enable simple experimental realization. Beam positions of an electrically steered equivalent antenna are thus simulated. Antenna symmetry ensures the beam can be reproduced throughout the azimuth. Complex antenna geometries require antenna design through optimization. A genetic algorithm is employed with HFSS and NEC for electromagnetic analysis. The robust optimization method couples with simulation software flexibility to provide an effective design tool for arbitrary structures. The genetic algorithm is employed strictly for design and not complete structural optimization. Dual band, five and six element switched parasitic antennas are presented. Lumped elemental loading along the radiators provide resonance and directed radiation at two GSM frequencies. Load value, radiator dimension and spacing are incorporated as design parameters. Experimentally built, 10dB return loss bandwidths of 17.2% and 9.6% and front to back ratios of 12.6dB and 8.4dB at 900MHz and 1900MHz respectively are measured. To reduce the ground requirements of monopole arrays, a skirted ground structure for switched parasitic antennas is analyzed. A six element switched parasitic monopole array with conductive ground skirt exhibits a front to back ratio of 10.7dB and main lobe gain of 6.4dBi at 1.575GHz. Radiation is not elevated despite lateral ground terminating at the parasitic elements. Skirt height is observed to linearly control radiation elevation, depressing the principal lobe through 40 degrees from 23 degrees above the horizontal. The Electronically Steerable Passive Array Radiator or ESPAR antenna is an adaptive parasitic monopole array. An ESPAR radiating structure incorporating a conductive ground skirt is designed for operation at 2.4GHz. Utility is confirmed with a frequency sensitivity analysis showing consistent electrical characteristics over an 8.1% bandwidth. The antenna design is improved with optimization to reduce average principal lobe elevation from 25 degrees to 9.7 degrees.
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Schlub, Robert Walter. "Practical Realization of Switched and Adaptive Parasitic Monopole Radiating Structures". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366803.

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Switched and adaptive parasitic monopole array radiating structures are investigated. Antenna design is orientated toward increasing practicability for implementation in terrestrial wireless communication systems. A number of antennas are designed with the aid of optimization and commercial simulation software. Simulation procedure was verified with the experimental manufacture and measurement of the arrays. The antennas presented in this thesis comprise an active monopole surrounded by a ring of parasitic monopoles. Parasitic radiators are constructed with static loading to enable simple experimental realization. Beam positions of an electrically steered equivalent antenna are thus simulated. Antenna symmetry ensures the beam can be reproduced throughout the azimuth. Complex antenna geometries require antenna design through optimization. A genetic algorithm is employed with HFSS and NEC for electromagnetic analysis. The robust optimization method couples with simulation software flexibility to provide an effective design tool for arbitrary structures. The genetic algorithm is employed strictly for design and not complete structural optimization. Dual band, five and six element switched parasitic antennas are presented. Lumped elemental loading along the radiators provide resonance and directed radiation at two GSM frequencies. Load value, radiator dimension and spacing are incorporated as design parameters. Experimentally built, 10dB return loss bandwidths of 17.2% and 9.6% and front to back ratios of 12.6dB and 8.4dB at 900MHz and 1900MHz respectively are measured. To reduce the ground requirements of monopole arrays, a skirted ground structure for switched parasitic antennas is analyzed. A six element switched parasitic monopole array with conductive ground skirt exhibits a front to back ratio of 10.7dB and main lobe gain of 6.4dBi at 1.575GHz. Radiation is not elevated despite lateral ground terminating at the parasitic elements. Skirt height is observed to linearly control radiation elevation, depressing the principal lobe through 40 degrees from 23 degrees above the horizontal. The Electronically Steerable Passive Array Radiator or ESPAR antenna is an adaptive parasitic monopole array. An ESPAR radiating structure incorporating a conductive ground skirt is designed for operation at 2.4GHz. Utility is confirmed with a frequency sensitivity analysis showing consistent electrical characteristics over an 8.1% bandwidth. The antenna design is improved with optimization to reduce average principal lobe elevation from 25 degrees to 9.7 degrees.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Microelectronic Engineering
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Neocleous, Pelagia. "Inverse methods for wire antennae". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427821.

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Vassilikos, Evangelos. "A study of the input impedance of travelling wave antennae". Thesis, Cranfield University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385793.

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Jaffar-Bandjee, Mourad. "Pheromone transport in multiscale pectinate antennae". Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4021.

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Chez de nombreuses espèces de papillons, les adultes femelles relâchent d’infimes quantités de phéromones sexuelles pour attirer les mâles. Ces quantités sont de l’ordre de la dizaine de nanogrammes et les mâles peuvent les détecter à plusieurs centaines de mètres. Les mâles doivent donc être capables de sentir des concentrations de phéromone très faibles. Cette fonction olfactive est réalisée par les antennes et une des étapes critiques est la capture des molécules dans l’air. C’est un problème de transport de masse qui dépend étroitement de la forme de l’antenne. Une des formes les plus spectaculaires est l’antenne pectinée qui se retrouve dans plusieurs familles de papillons. Ce type d’antenne est aussi considéré plus efficace que les antennes cylindriques pour détecter les phéromones. Nous avons étudié comment la forme des antennes pectinées influence leur efficacité pour capturer les phéromones et nous nous sommes concentrés sur une espèce, Samia cynthia.Une antenne pectinée est un objet multi-échelle. Elle fait 1cm de long et est composée d’une branche principale, le flagellum, qui porte des branches secondaires, les ramis. Chaque rami porte de nombreux poils, les sensilles, qui font 150µm de long et 3µm de diamètre. Les dimensions caractéristiques de l’antenne couvrent donc 4 ordres de grandeur, ce qui rend l’étude des antennes difficile.Pour simplifier le problème, nous avons décomposé l’antenne en deux niveaux : la macrostructure, composée du flagellum et des ramis, et la microstructure, composée d’un rami et de sensilles qu’il porte. Chaque structure a été agrandie et construite par impression 3D. La construction des ramis et des sensilles, qui sont de longs et fins cylindres, a été un challenge.Les antennes pectinées sont des objets perméables, ainsi que les macro- et micro- structures. Ainsi, le flux d’air passe en partie à travers de tels objets et est en partie dévié. La perméabilité est la proportion du flux passant à travers l’objet. Ce paramètre est important car il détermine un limite haute de ce que peut capture l’antenne : les molécules du flux d’air dévié ne peuvent pas être capturées. Nous avons expérimentalement mesuré, par Vélocimétrie à Image de Particule, la perméabilité des macro- et micro- structures à différentes vitesses rencontrées par le papillon dans la nature.Nous avons ensuite calculé la capture de phéromone et l’efficacité de la microstructure en adaptant un modèle de transfert de chaleur à notre problème de transfert de masse. Nous avons montré que l’orientation longitudinale des sensilles est suffisante pour expliquer le phénomène de lentille olfactive qui dit que la partie distale de la sensille capture plus de molécules que la partie basale. Nous avons montré que l’efficacité de l’antenne est limitée par la perméabilité, qui augmente avec la vitesse de l’air, et par la capture locale, qui est la proportion de molécules capturée dans le flux passant à travers l’antenne et qui décroît avec la vitesse. Au final, la microstructure n’a pas un maximum d’efficacité autour d’une valeur de vitesse d’air mais elle est plutôt modérément efficace sur la large plage de vitesses d’air rencontrées par le papillon.Nous avons développé une méthode par le biais de simulations FEM pour combiner les deux niveaux (la macro- et la micro- structures). Cette méthode est basée sur la relation entre le traînée et la perméabilité et nous a permis de déterminer la perméabilité de l’antenne entière. Nous avons ensuite calculé l’efficacité d’une antenne pectinée et l’avons comparée à celle d’une antenne cylindrique. Nous avons trouvé que l’antenne pectinée est une bonne solution pour fortement augmenter la surface de contact entre l’air et l’antenne tout en maintenant une bonne efficacité de capture aux vitesses d’air rencontrées par le papillon
In many moth species, female adults release tiny amounts of sexual pheromone in order to attract male mates and reproduce. The quantity of released pheromone is around a few dozens of nanograms and male moths can detect it a few hundred meters away from females. As a consequence, they must be able to smell very low concentrations of pheromone. This olfactory function is carried out by the antennae. A critical step in the olfactory process is the capture of molecules from the air. This is a mass transport problem which depends heavily on the shape of the antenna. One of the most spectacular shapes, which occurs in several moth families, is the pectinate antenna. This type of antenna is also thought to be more effective at detecting pheromones than cylindrical-shaped ones. In this work, we investigated whether and how the shape of the pectinate antenna influences its efficiency at capturing pheromone molecules. We focused on one species, Samia cynthia.A pectinate antenna is a complex and multi-scale object. It has a length of 1cm and is composed of one main branch, the flagellum, which carries secondary branches, the rami. Each rami supports numerous hairs, the sensilla, which are 150µm long and have a diameter of only 3µm. Thus, the characteristic dimensions of the antenna span over four orders of magnitude, which makes the study of such objects difficult.To simplify our problem, we decided to split the pectinate antenna in two levels: the macrostructure, composed of the flagellum and the rami, and the microstructure, composed of a rami and the sensilla it bears. Both structures were scaled up and fabricated by Additive Manufacturing. The building of the rami and sensilla, which are long and thin cylinders, was a challenge as we reached the limits of the 3D-printers we used.Pectinate antenna are permeable objects, as are the macro-and microstructures. Thus, air flowing in the direction of such objects either passes through the antenna or is deflected around it. Leakiness if the proportion of flow passing through the permeable object. This parameter is important as it sets an upper limit on the pheromone captured by the antenna: molecules carried by the deflected part of the flow cannot be captured. We experimentally determined the leakiness of the macro- and microstructures at several air velocities encountered by a moth in nature using Particle Image Velocimetry.We then calculated the pheromone capture and efficiency of the microstructure by adapting a model of heat transfer to our mass transport problem. We showed that the longitudinal orientation of the sensilla is sufficient to explain the phenomenon of olfactory lens, stating that the tip of the sensilla captures more molecules than the base. We also found that the efficiency of the antenna is limited by both the leakiness of the antenna, which increases with air velocity, and the local capture, which is the proportion of molecules captured in the part of the airflow passing through the antenna and which decreases with air velocity. Eventually, the microstructure does not have a strong maximum efficiency at a specific air velocity but, instead, is moderately efficient over the large range of air velocity encountered by a moth.We developed a method with the help of FEM simulations to combine the two levels (the macrostructure and the microstructure). This method is based on the relation between drag and leakiness and allowed us to determine the leakiness of the entire antenna. We then could calculate the efficiency of the pectinate antenna and compared it with the one of a cylindrical-shaped one. We found that a pectinate design is a good solution to increase the surface contact between the air and the antenna strongly while maintaining a good capture efficiency at the velocities encountered by the moth
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Bin-Ghunaim, I. R. "Travelling wave antennae in the UHF band". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379472.

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Hassan, S. I. S. "Matching in rhombic and pseudo rhombic antennae". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378241.

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Książki na temat "Antennae"

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Canetti, Yanitzia. Amazing adaptations!: Antennae. Lawerence, MA: Cambridge BrickHouse, 2010.

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Antenna theory: Analysis and design. Wyd. 3. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, 2005.

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A, Balklavs, International Union of Radio Science., Radioastrofizikas observatorija (Latvijas Zinātn̦u akadēmija) i International Meeting on Mirror Antennae Constructions (1990 : Rīga, Latvia), red. Konstrukt͡s︡ii zerkalʹnykh antenn: Doklady Rizhskogo soveshchanii͡a︡ URSI = Mirror antennae constructions : papers of URSI Riga Meeting. Riga: Radioastrofizicheskai͡a︡ observatorii͡a︡ Akademii nauk Latvii, 1990.

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Ireland. Department of the Environment. Telecommunications antennae and support structures: Guidelines for planning authorities. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1996.

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Bothe, H. Determination of antennae patterns and radar reflection characteristics of aircraft. Neuilly sur Seine: Agard, 1986.

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Company, Watkins-Johnson, red. Antennas and antenna systems. Palo Alto, CA: Watkins-Johnson Co., 1990.

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Canetti, Yanitzia. La adaptación, ¡qué sensación!: Antenas. Lawrence, MA: Cambridge BrickHouse, 2010.

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Fang, D. G. Antenna theory and microstrip antennas. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2010.

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Antenna theory and microstrip antennas. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2010.

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Fang, D. G. Antenna theory and microstrip antennas. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, 2010.

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Części książek na temat "Antennae"

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Hangay, George, Severiano F. Gayubo, Marjorie A. Hoy, Marta Goula, Allen Sanborn, Wendell L. Morrill, Gerd GÄde i in. "Antenna (pl., antennae)". W Encyclopedia of Entomology, 159. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_10239.

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Lashley, Jeff. "Antennae". W Astronomers' Observing Guides, 71–98. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0883-4_5.

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Chaloupka, Heinz J., i Victor K. Kornev. "Antennae". W Handbook of Superconductivity, 619–39. Wyd. 2. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003139638-46.

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Gonzalo, R., I. Ederra, J. C. Iriarte i J. Teniente. "Space Antennae Including Terahertz Antennae". W Handbook of Antenna Technologies, 1–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-75-7_123-1.

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Dunford, James C., Louis A. Somma, David Serrano, C. Roxanne Rutledge, John L. Capinera, Guy Smagghe, Eli Shaaya i in. "Elbowed Antennae". W Encyclopedia of Entomology, 1297. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3525.

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Okada, Jiro. "Cockroach Antennae". W Scholarpedia of Touch, 31–43. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-133-8_2.

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Hangay, George, Severiano F. Gayubo, Marjorie A. Hoy, Marta Goula, Allen Sanborn, Wendell L. Morrill, Gerd GÄde i in. "Antennae of Hexapods". W Encyclopedia of Entomology, 159–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_10240.

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Dürr, Volker. "Stick Insect Antennae". W Scholarpedia of Touch, 45–63. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-133-8_3.

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Kuehn, Kerry. "Circuits, Antennae and Radiation". W Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics, 423–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21816-8_33.

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Amesz, J. "Photosynthesis: Antennae and Reaction Centers". W Progress in Botany, 87–102. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73023-8_6.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Antennae"

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Sulic, E., B. Pell, S. John, Rahul K. Gupta, W. Rowe, K. Ghorbani i K. Zhang. "Performance of Embedded Multi-Frequency Communication Devices in Smart Composite Structures". W ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-402.

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Lately, there has been an increased demand for vehicle manufacturers to incorporate a large number of communication, security, guidance and entertainment devices in their new vehicle models. In recent decades, the list has expanded from the AM and FM radio antennas to include GPS, mobile phone, collision avoidance radar, Digital Radio and Digital TV antennas. In addition, new technologies such as vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to road side communication are being implemented at 5.9 GHz in the next generation of vehicles. In the past the AM/FM antenna was typically a mast antenna protruding from the vehicle’s exterior, recently however, the trend has been to limit the visibility of vehicular antennas as much as possible to improve vehicle design and aerodynamics. This has lead to integration of antennae so that they become a seamless part of the vehicle structure. This paper reports on a parametric study of embedding an antenna in a polymeric composite substrate in relation to several material processing and coating parameters.
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Savikhin, S., i W. S. Struve. "Optical coherences in light-harvesting chlorosomes from green photosynthetic bacteria". W International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1996.tue.21.

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Chlorosomes are light-harvesting assemblies that are found in green photosynthetic bacteria [1]. The principal antenna in a chlorosome consists of ~104 bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c, d, or e pigments, which give rise to a broad Qy electronic absorption band centered at ~ 740 nm. Excitations in the BChl c/d/e antenna are transferred to a lower- energy BChl a antenna absorbing at ~795 nm, prior to trapping at the reaction centers [2]. BChl c/d/e antennae in chlorosomes appear to be pigment oligomers whose structure is determined by pigment-pigment rather than pigment-protein interactions, because spectroscopically similar BChl aggregates self-assemble spontaneously from the pigment monomers in solution [3]. The internal energy transfer kinetics of reconstituted BChl c aggregates from the green bacteria Chloroflexus aurantiacus and Chlorobium tepidum closely resemble those found in the BChl c antennae of the intact chlorosomes [4].
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Savikhir, S., Y. Zhu, S. Lin, R. E. Blankenship i W. S. Struve. "Femtosecond energy transfer and coherent oscillations in BChl c light-harvesting antennae of chlorosomes from the green photosynthetic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus". W International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1994.tub.3.

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Chlorosomes are the principal light-harvesting bodies in green photosynthetic bacteria. These 100×30×12 nm ellipsoidal bodies contain ~104 bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c chromophores, as well as a BChl a pigment-protein complex that forms an interfacial baseplate between the chlorosome and the cytoplasmic membrane. The BChl c pigments in chlorosomes are organized into large oligomers, whose electronic and vibrational spectroscopy is remarkably similar to that of BChl c aggregates that form spontaneously from BChl c monomers in solution. This unique self-aggregating property has attracted wide attention because of its potential applications in artificial photosynthesis. The BChl c and BChl a antennae of chlorosomes from the green bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus exhibit broad Qy (S1←S0) electronic absorption bands centered at ~740 and ~790 nm, respectively. Downhill BChl c → BChl a energy transfer occurs with ~10 ps kinetics in isolated chlorosomes [1,2]. In this work, we have focussed on the femtosecond internal energy transfer events within the BChl c antenna. It is currently believed [3] that this 740 nm antenna comprises several distinct BChl c spectral forms (c727, c744, c766 etc.) Equilibration among chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll spectral forms requires several hundred fs in most pigment-protein antenna complexes that have been studied to date [4].
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Vacha, M., F. Adamec, M. Ambroz, J. Dian, L. Nedbal i J. Hala. "Persistent Hole Burning Study of Core Antenna of Photosystem II". W Persistent Spectral Hole Burning: Science and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pshb.1991.the2.

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The application of hole burning spectroscopy (HB) in the study of photosynthetic systems offers an independent method for determining excited state lifetimes of particular chromophores. The rate constants of excitation energy transfer (EET) in photosynthetic antennae can be directly determined by time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. For most bacterial and higher plants antennae is of the order of 10-12 s–1 [1]. Efficient EET in pigment-protein complexes causes significant shortening (three orders of magnitude) of the excited state lifetimes T1 in comparison with isolated pigments.
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Wang, C. S., H. Bao i W. Wang. "Coupled Structural-Electromagnetic Optimization and Analysis of Space Intelligent Antenna Structural Systems". W ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59306.

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For high electromagnetic performances, large space truss antennas should have reflector surface with an extremely high precision. Due to the varied load and some random disturbances, active control strategy is always used in the kind of structure for the precise surface. For the improvement of the electromagnetic performances, an electromechanical synthesis optimization model of space antenna structure systems is developed based on the antenna’s characteristics, which adopts the axial gain of antenna and power consumption of actuators as the objective functions, and structural material strength and actuator’s capability as constraint conditions. The application of model to an 8-m antenna structure demonstrates the potential for significant improvement. The analysis results indicate the benefit of including electrical performance in model for necessary effort for shape control of large space antenna reflectors.
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Greene, B. I. "Spectroscopic applications of far-infrared light generated at semiconductor surfaces",. W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1993.mbb.2.

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Koukou, Melina, Vasilis Vellikis, Ioannis Varvaringos, Konstantinos Koutropoulos, Ioannis Myrsinias, Despina Ekaterini Argiropoulos, Andronikos Dourmisis i in. "SDR Helix Antenna Deployment Experiment (SHADE) on board BEXUS". W Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSAE). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.012.

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In the field of space travel, space communications has always presented a slew of obstacles and hurdles that must be overcome in order to complete a successful mission. Space limits inside a satellite or spaceship, vast distances between satellites and ground stations, and a phenomenon known as "Faraday Rotation" in the ionosphere are only a few of the most typical issues. Satellite antennas must be small, compact, efficient, and circularly polarized as a result of the aforementioned issues. The helix antenna is an excellent answer for all of the requirements. In this work we develop a deployment and pointing mechanism of a helix antenna operated with software defined radio algorithms. The features of helix antennas are exceptional, and they are especially suitable for satellite communication. Three coaxial cylinders, two stepper motors, one pulley, and one thread make up a deployment-pointing mechanism. The mechanism deploys the antenna along its longitudinal axis and turns it horizontally towards the ground station. During the flight, the antenna is deployed and retracted. Under different positioning situations, the GPS, an altimeter, and a compass calculate the gondola's position in order to rotate the antenna towards the Ground Station and close the communication link. The antenna's rotation mechanism is triggered by the integrated attitude determination and control system algorithms in order to correct the pointing and orientation towards the Ground Station. The antenna uses software defined radio algorithms to achieve weight and volume reductions while maintaining high efficiency and reconfigurability. The experiment includes a high-definition camera that provides real-time information on the antenna's orientation and condition. SHADE's flight on the BEXUS 28/29 balloon resulted in effective deployment and transmission, as well as the ability to receive and decode transmitted packets. The rotating mechanism met the pointing requirements, and all of the sensor's data was correctly saved to our system. Throughout the trip, there were no signs of thermal risk
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Yoon, Hwan-Sik, i Gregory Washington. "Analysis of Active Doubly Curved Antenna Structures". W ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0957.

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Abstract Recently, aperture antennas that have the ability to change their reflector shape through the usage of piezoelectric actuators have been studied. The results show that those antennas can exhibit beam steering and beam shaping in the far-field. However, the previous studies have been confined to cylindrical shape antennas. This study examines the use of “doubly curved” antenna structures to achieve better performance in controlling an antenna’s coverage area. The spherical antenna is modeled as a shallow spherical shell with a small hole at the apex for mounting. Following Reissener’s approach, a stress function is introduced and two governing equations are derived in terms of the stress function and the axial deflection. Next, the amount of deflections are evaluated from the calculated stress function and the axial deflection. As actuators, four PZT strip actuators are attached along the meridians separated by 90 degrees respectively. The force developed by the actuators are expanded in Fourier series and fed into the governing equations as boundary conditions at the outer edge. Finally, the Deflection vs. Applied Voltage is calculated analytically and its effect on the far-field radiation is given.
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Nastas, Tudor, Dina Elisovetcaia, Valeria Cheptinari, I. Rusu i Vasilisa Odobescu. "Estimarea componenței feromonului sexual și determinarea ciclului de dezvoltare sezonieră a speciei Heiothis Armigera". W International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.47.

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The antennae reaction of the males Heliothis armigera was estimated by means of the electroantenographic apparatus to the components obtained from the extract of the pheromone glands of the females. It was found that the main component (Z11-16Al) caused a well-pronounced reaction on the male antennae. It has been shown that the pheromone emitted by the females of the native population does not differ from the pheromone emitted by the females of the species Heliothis armigera, which lives in the geographical area of the Asian continent. The seasonal sexual cycle of the species Heliothis armigera was determined in the conditions of the natural habitat of the Republic of Moldova.
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Sushencev, Igor, Alexey A. Shcherbakov, Konstantin Ladutenko i Pavel Belov. "Superdirective dielectric spherical multilayer antennae". W 2019 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Antennas, Communications and Electronic Systems (COMCAS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comcas44984.2019.8958207.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Antennae"

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Sibbald, JeNell. Construction of artificial pigment-protein antennae. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/456301.

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Lewis, Richard L. Spherical-wave source-scattering matrix analysis of antennas and antenna-antenna interactions. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1373.

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Maragoudakis, Christos E., i Edward Rede. Validated Antenna Models for Standard Gain Horn Antennas. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, sierpień 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629345.

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Farr, Everett G., i Charles A. Frost. Ultra-Wideband Antennas and Propagation. Volume 1: Antenna Design, Predictions, and Construction. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, lipiec 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada328786.

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Farr, Everett G., i Charles A. Frost. Ultra-Wideband Antennas and Propagation. Volume 2: Antenna Measurements and Signal Processing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, lipiec 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada328787.

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Altshuler, Edward E., i Terry H. O'Donnell. Measurement of Antenna Gain with Transmitting and Receiving Antennas on a Finite Ground Plane. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, lipiec 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada484389.

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Chuang, C. W., i T. H. Lee. Microwave Antenna Technology: Calculation of Fields Radiated by Rotationally Symmetric Horn Antennas Using Moment Method. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maj 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada298930.

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Harari, Ally R., Russell A. Jurenka, Ada Rafaeli i Victoria Soroker. Evolution of resistance to mating disruption in the pink bollworm moth evidence and possible mechanism. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598165.bard.

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t The pink bollworm, Pectinophoragossypiellais a key pest of cotton world-wide. In Israel mating disruption sex pheromone is used in all cotton fields and recent repeated outbreaks of the pest populations has suggested a change in the population sex pheromone characteristics. The research goals were to (1) determine the change in pheromone characteristic of PBW females after long experience to Mating Disruption (MD), (2) to test the male’s antennae response (EAG) to pheromone characteristics of laboratory, naive females, and of field collected, MD experienced females, (3) to analyse the biosynthetic pathway for possible enzyme variations, (4) to determine the male behavioural response to the pheromone blend involved in the resistance to MD. The experiments revealed that (1) MD experienced females produced pheromone blend with higher ZZ ratio than lab reared (MD naive females) that typically produced ZZ:EE ratio of 1:1. (2) Male’s origin did not affect its response to pheromone characteristics of lab or field females. (3) A transcriptome study demonstrated many gene-encode enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway, but some of the transcripts were produced in differing levels in the MD resistant populations. (4) Male origin (field or lab) influenced males’ choice of mate with strong preference to females sharing the same origin. However, when MD was applied, males of both populations were more attracted to females originated form failed MD treated fields. We conclude that in MD failed fields a change in the population mean of the ratio of the pheromone components had occurred. Males in these fields had changed their search “image” accordingly while keeping the wide range of response to all pheromone characteristics. The change in the pheromone blend is due to different level of pheromone related enzyme production.
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Farr, Everett G., i W. S. Bigelow. A Conical Slot Antenna and Related Antennas Suitable for Use with an Aircraft with Inflatable Wings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, luty 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada434746.

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Kisliuk, Moshe, Bernard Steinberg i William Whistler. Conformal Microstrip Slot Antenna and Antenna Array. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada174370.

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