Książki: „Anomalous process”

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Mullins, John W. The process of timely strategic marketing change: Punctuations, influences and anomalies. Cambridge, Mass: Marketing Science Institute, 1995.

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Mullins, John W. The process of timely strategic marketing change: Punctuations, influences and anomalies. Cambridge, Mass: Marketing Science Institute, 1995.

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Ring, L. R. Process development and fabrication of space station type aluminum-clad graphite epoxy struts. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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Regularised integrals, sums, and traces: An analytic point of view. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2012.

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Daniel. [from old catalog] Campos, Vicenç Méndez i Frederic Bartumeus. Stochastic Foundations in Movement Ecology: Anomalous Diffusion, Front Propagation and Random Searches. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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Daniel. [from old catalog] Campos, Vicenç Méndez i Frederic Bartumeus. Stochastic Foundations in Movement Ecology: Anomalous Diffusion, Front Propagation and Random Searches. Springer, 2013.

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Daniel. [from old catalog] Campos, Vicenç Méndez i Frederic Bartumeus. Stochastic Foundations in Movement Ecology: Anomalous Diffusion, Front Propagation and Random Searches. Springer, 2016.

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Daniel. [from old catalog] Campos, Vicenç Méndez i Frederic Bartumeus. Stochastic Foundations in Movement Ecology: Anomalous Diffusion, Front Propagation and Random Searches. Springer, 2013.

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Coleman, John J. Monitoring Prescriptions, Third-Party Healthcare Payers, Prescription Benefit Managers, and Private-Sector Policy Options. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199981830.003.0003.

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This chapter discusses how opioids are diverted from legitimate to illegitimate channels and examines the systems that have been developed to keep track of these drugs by monitoring their prescribing and dispensing. Also covered are the regulations that enable authorities to scrutinize manufacturers and distributors for anomalous transactions that might signal diversion. The chapter also discusses potential strategies involving the private sector, which has a corresponding interest in curtailing waste, fraud, and abuse in the third-party healthcare payer systems that each year process billions of prescriptions for drugs, including controlled substances. The chapter looks at the role of pharmacy benefit managers in the dispensing of controlled substances. The potential benefits of adding pharmacy benefit managers to the present classes of business activities regulated by the Drug Enforcement Administration are explored.

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Cohen, Maurie J. Workers—and Consumers—of the World Unite! Opportunities for Hybrid Co-operativism. Redaktorzy Jonathan Michie, Joseph R. Blasi i Carlo Borzaga. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684977.013.26.

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It has long been acknowledged that co-operatives can buffer economic insecurity, offset some of the vagaries of market capitalism, and enhance social solidarity. An interesting—and in many respects peculiar—facet of the history of co-operativism is how worker (or producer) cooperatives and consumer cooperatives have evolved along completely separate trajectories. Yet production and consumption are inextricably bound up in tight configurations. Moreover, no one is exclusively a producer or consumer and we repeatedly and iteratively change roles, often numerous times during the course of a single day. We seem, though, to be at an auspicious moment to rectify this anomalous situation. This chapter outlines the notion of multi-stakeholder co-operativism and highlights how worker-consumer cooperatives can bridge this enduring divide. These organizations can also inculcate democratic values and solidaristic social relations that will be essential for easing the process of innovating a new system of social organization over the next few decades.

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Advection and Diffusion in Random Media: Implications for Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies. Springer, 2010.

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McCusker, Chris. Towards understanding loss of control. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780198569299.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 discusses an automatic network theory of addictive behaviours, including cognitive social learning theory and the expectancy construct, anomalies and limitations in traditional cognitive and expectancy theories, autonomic cue-reactivity phenomena, and methods of cognitive assessment, automatic cognitive processes in addictive behaviours, implicit memory structures and processes in addictive behaviours.

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Nutt, David J., i Liam J. Nestor. Neurobiological processes in addiction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198797746.003.0004.

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The brain is involved in controlling necessary motivational and cognitive processes optimized for survival. These processes can be disrupted by substances of addiction. The key neural substrates underlying these processes are made up of a network of four independent and overlapping brain circuits. These circuits govern reward processing, motivation and/or drive, learning and memory, and cognitive control. Anomalies within these circuits may also pre-date the addiction state, and facilitate the progress from experimentation to substance addiction. The subsequent excessive and chronic use of substances further exacerbates these abnormalities. Therefore, these brain circuits and key psychological processes related to their functioning must be understood if we are to develop and test new pharmacological and psychological treatment approaches in substance addiction.

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Asem, Khalil. Part 5 Emerging Constitutions in Islamic Countries, 5.5 Constitution-Making and State-Building: Redefining the Palestinian Nation. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199759880.003.0031.

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This chapter examines constitution-building in Palestine. It discusses how constitutional and institutional anomalies contributed to the cracks among Palestinian factions, territories, and narratives in 2007, following Hamas control by force of occupied territory on the Gaza Strip. Since then, reference to the same Basic Law, often interpreted differently, was made to justify respective actions and decisions. Law was used—as often was the case in Palestinian modern history—to accommodate political objectives, causing damage to the process of state-building. However, the clash between Palestinian factions is not only about political objectives but also, this chapter argues, related to their national aspirations, objectives, and visions.

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Wälchli, Bernhard. The rise of gender in Nalca (Mek, Tanah Papua). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795438.003.0004.

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This chapter reconstructs how Nalca, a Mek language of the Trans-New Guinea phylum, has acquired gender markers and describes the non-canonical properties of this highly unusual gender system. Gender in Nalca is mainly assigned by two different defaults, phonological assignment is holistic, there is a gender switch depending on the syntax of the noun phrase, controller and target are adjacent, and gender has the function of case marker hosts. Gender in Nalca is only weakly entrenched in the lexicon and predominantly phrasal. It is argued that canonical gender is an attractor (a complex, diachronically stable structure with heterogeneous origins). A model of the gender attractor based on the notion of information transfer chain is developed. The rise of Nalca gender is an instance of system emergence where several diachronic processes, such as grammaticalization, reanalysis, and analogy, interact. Chains of rapid diachronic change are triggered by anomalies that entail other anomalies.

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Sarath, Ed. A Consciousness-Based Look at Spontaneous Creativity. Redaktorzy Benjamin Piekut i George E. Lewis. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199892921.013.13.

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This chapter explores improvisation from a consciousness-based standpoint. Examination of an inner mechanics for the transcendent experience frequently reported by improvisers sets the stage for consciousness-based distinctions between improvisation and composition processes, in which improvisation is extricated from common misclassification as an accelerated subspecies of composition. Temporal, cultural, and linguistic factors are considered in distinguishing between improvisatory and compositional paradigms. The intimate melding between musicians and listeners in peak improvised performance is paralleled with the deep collective communion associated with group meditation practice as indicative of a nonlocal, intersubjective field of consciousness, empirical support for which suggests that possible societal benefits may result from certain applications. An “improvisatory hermeneutics” is considered as a means for new ways of perceiving global challenges and paradigmatic change that centers intersubjectivity and other anomalous possibilities not commonly embraced in academic and public policy discourse.

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Fonseca, Susan Campos, i Julianne Graper. Noise, Sonic Experimentation, and Interior Coloniality in Costa Rica. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842741.003.0009.

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This chapter explores how conceptual disputes over genre boundaries, noise, and music open a window into a society that debates and constructs its own contemporaneity, in dialogue with conceptions about what is meant by indigeneity, music, musical composition, musicality, and experimentalism in the twenty-first century. The chapter inquires into how discourses about experimentation and innovation coming from the realm of Noise are constructed under specific technological assumptions; it also explores how these discourses might play out within the Costa Rican artistic scene. On an aesthetic level, this chapter problematizes how the “noise community” (formed by sound artists) imagines itself in the face of a “community of musicians,” separated by the principles of “academic training,” and how Noise, without the noise community, conceives itself as an anomalous zone in Costa Rican society, evidencing processes of “interior coloniality” that function on a micropolitical level.

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Wheaton, Michael, Dustin Nowacek i Zachary London. Radiculopathy and Plexopathy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0125.

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Disorders of the nerve roots and neural plexi present with pain, numbness, or weakness in the neck, back, or extremities. Although the history and physical examination provide essential diagnostic information, imaging and electrodiagnostic studies may further aid in localizing and characterizing the underlying lesion. Causes of radiculopathy include intervertebral disc herniation, spondylosis, spinal synovial cysts, infection, metastatic disease, hematoma, or infiltrative disease. The brachial and lumbosacral plexi are susceptible to trauma, structural anomalies, neoplastic infiltration, and inflammatory processes. Management of these disorders is directed at treating the underlying cause, alleviating pain, and focused physical rehabilitation.

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Tuttle, Michael C. Search and Documentation of Underwater Archaeological Sites. Redaktorzy Ben Ford, Donny L. Hamilton i Alexis Catsambis. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199336005.013.0005.

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Archaeological survey is fundamental to archaeological data collection. Underwater archaeology is developing and maturing as a discipline. The levels of technology available for investigations are variable depending on the objectives of surveys. Prior to entering the field, it is essential to do a complete desktop research, an in-office examination of available literature, and to develop a survey plan. This article describes different methods and the tools used for probing, which are used for examining subsurface features or defining the extent of a site. Remote sensing is an effective method to search for cultural material in a marine context. Once a general survey has located acoustic targets, magnetic anomalies, or other areas of interest, a predisturbance site survey of the targets may be conducted. Accurate positioning during a predisturbance investigation is critical. With an area survey complete or a predisturbance survey conducted, the next step in the archaeological process is excavation.

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Henderson, Deborah J., Bill Chaudhry i José Luis de la Pompa. Development of the arterial valves. Redaktorzy José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Robert G. Kelly, Maurice van den Hoff, José Luis de la Pompa, David Sedmera, Cristina Basso i Deborah Henderson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757269.003.0018.

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The arterial valves guarding the entrances to the aorta and pulmonary trunk have many similarities to the mitral and tricuspid valves in the atrioventricular region of the heart. Despite these similarities, there are significant differences in the formation and structure of the arterial and atrioventricular valves. The most fundamental of these relate to the lineage origins of the cells forming the primitive cushions. Although the fate of the different lineages remains unclear, each makes a permanent contribution to the mature valve. Arterial valve formation is intrinsically linked to cushion formation and outflow tract septation; therefore abnormalities in these processes have a profound impact on development of the valve leaflets. In this chapter we highlight the main differences in the development and structure of the arterial valves, compared with the atrioventricular valves, show how abnormalities in these developmental processes can result in arterial valve anomalies, and discuss controversies within the literature.

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Suedfeld, Peter, A. Dennis Rank i Marek Malůš. Spontaneous Mental Experiences in Extreme and Unusual Environments. Redaktorzy Kalina Christoff i Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.35.

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This chapter reviews the effects of a special category of environments on cognitive and cognitive/emotional processes. These extreme and unusual environments (EUEs) are characterized by drastic differences from the individual’s accustomed milieu, and by posing serious challenges to well-being, health, and survival. There is a massive and wide-ranging body of writing on this topic, from history, anthropology, sociology, literature, and biography, as well as from psychology. The chapter covers information from studies of religion and ritual, mysticism, exploration, spaceflight, artistic endeavor, psychotherapy, and laboratory experiments. Sojourners in EUEs have experienced changes in memory and cognitive performance, perceptual anomalies, states of dissociative fugue, and unusual flights of imagination, among other consequences. Both positive and negative effects have been found and are discussed.

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Pievani, Telmo. Imperfection. The MIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/14573.001.0001.

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In praise of imperfection: how life on our planet is a catalog of imperfections, errors, alternatives, and anomalies. In the beginning, there was imperfection, which became the source of all things. Anomalies and asymmetries caused planets to take shape from the bubbling void and sent light into darkness. Life on earth is a catalog of accidents, alternatives, and errors that turned out to work quite well. In this book, Telmo Pievani shows that life on our planet has flourished and survived not because of its perfection but despite (and perhaps because of) its imperfection. He begins his story with the disruption-filled birth of the universe and proceeds through the random DNA copying errors that fuel evolution, the transformations of advantages into handicaps by natural selection, the anatomical and functional jumble that is the human brain, and our many bodily mismatches. Along the way, Pievani tells readers about the Irish elk (incidentally, neither Irish nor elk), whose enormous antlers serve to illustrate the first two laws of imperfection; the widespread dissemination of costly or useless traits; and the neuroimperfection of the human brain—“a frozen accident of evolution that was not designed from scratch,” as Pievani calls it. He sizes up the alleged perfection of the human body, asking, for example, if everything in our bodies serves a purpose, why do we have appendixes? Why bipedalism, with the inevitable back pain that results? In this fascinating account, Pievani offers the first comprehensive explanatory theory for the ubiquity of imperfection.

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Shaw, Philip, i Eszter Szekely. Insights from neuroanatomical imaging into ADHD throughout the lifespan. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0008.

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The relatively recent advent of magnetic resonance imaging has given us an invaluable ‘window’ into the brain in ADHD. Here we review the literature on the structural neuroimaging of ADHD throughout the lifespan. Meta-analyses and large individual studies converge to find anomalies in the basal ganglia in ADHD; some appear developmentally stable, while others are progressive. Compromise of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum are also commonly reported, and developmental trajectories of these structures have been linked with the highly variable clinical course of the disorder. ADHD can be considered dimensionally, lying at the extreme end of a continuous distribution of symptoms and underlying cognitive processes. Some studies find such dimensionality is also present in ADHD-related neuroanatomical change. Pilot studies have examined how variation in some candidate genes is tied to neuroanatomy in the disorder. Studies at the level of the entire genome await much larger cohorts.

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Trieloff, Mario. Noble Gases. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190647926.013.30.

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This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Encyclopedia of Planetary Science. Please check back later for the full article.Although the second most abundant element in the cosmos is helium, noble gases are also called rare gases. The reason is that they are not abundant on terrestrial planets like our Earth, which is characterized by orders of magnitude depletion of—particularly light—noble gases when compared to the cosmic element abundance pattern. Indeed, such geochemical depletion and enrichment processes make noble gases so versatile concerning planetary formation and evolution: When our solar system formed, the first small grains started to adsorb small amounts of noble gases from the protosolar nebula, resulting in depletion of light He and Ne when compared to heavy noble gases Ar, Kr, and Xe: the so-called planetary type abundance pattern. Subsequent flash heating of the first small mm to cm-sized objects (chondrules and calcium, aluminum rich inclusions) resulted in further depletion, as well as heating—and occasionally differentiation—on small planetesimals, which were precursors of larger planets and which we still find in the asteroid belt today from where we get rocky fragments in form of meteorites. In most primitive meteorites, we even can find tiny rare grains that are older than our solar system and condensed billions of years ago in circumstellar atmospheres of, for example, red giant stars. These grains are characterized by nucleosynthetic anomalies and particularly identified by noble gases, for example, so-called s-process xenon.While planetesimals acquired a depleted noble gas component strongly fractionated in favor of heavy noble gases, the sun and also gas giants like Jupiter attracted a much larger amount of gas from the protosolar nebula by gravitational capture. This resulted in a cosmic or “solar type” abundance pattern, containing the full complement of light noble gases. Contrary to Jupiter or the sun, terrestrial planets accreted from planetesimals with only minor contributions from the protosolar nebula, which explains their high degree of depletion and basically “planetary” elemental abundance pattern. Indeed this depletion enables another tool to be applied in noble gas geo- and cosmochemistry: ingrowth of radiogenic nuclides. Due to heavy depletion of primordial nuclides like 36Ar and 130Xe, radiogenic ingrowth of 40Ar by 40K decay, 129Xe by 129I decay, or fission Xe from 238U or 244Pu decay are precisely measurable, and allow insight in the chronology of fractionation of lithophile parent nuclides and atmophile noble gas daughters, mainly caused by mantle degassing and formation of the atmosphere.Already the dominance of 40Ar in the terrestrial atmosphere allowed C. F v. Weizsäcker to conclude that most of the terrestrial atmosphere originated by degassing of the solid Earth, which is an ongoing process today at mid ocean ridges, where primordial helium leaves the lithosphere for the first time. Mantle degassing was much more massive in the past; in fact, most of the terrestrial atmosphere formed during the first 100 million years of Earth´s history, and was completed at about the same time when the terrestrial core formed and accretion was terminated by a giant impact that also formed our moon. However, before that time, somehow also tiny amounts of solar noble gases managed to find their way into the mantle, presumably by solar wind irradiation of small planetesimals or dust accreting to Earth. While the moon-forming impact likely dissipated the primordial atmosphere, today´s atmosphere originated by mantle degassing and a late veneer with asteroidal and possibly cometary contributions. As other atmophile elements behave similar to noble gases, they also trace the origin of major volatiles on Earth, for example, water, nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon.

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