Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Annual maximum series

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Annual maximum series”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Annual maximum series"

Yoo, Chul-Sang, i Cheol-Soon Park. "Comparison of Annual Maximum Rainfall Series and Annual Maximum Independent Rainfall Event Series". Journal of Korea Water Resources Association 45, nr 5 (31.05.2012): 431–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3741/jkwra.2012.45.5.431.

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Kim, Tae-Woong. "Comparison of Design Rainfalls From the Annual Maximum and the Non-annual Exceedance Series". Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers 34, nr 2 (2014): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.12652/ksce.2014.34.2.0469.

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McCuen, Richard H., i Kathleen E. Galloway. "Record Length Requirements for Annual Maximum Flood Series". Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 15, nr 9 (wrzesień 2010): 704–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000223.

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Tiwari, Harinarayan, Subash Pd Rai, Nayan Sharma i Dheeraj Kumar. "Computational approaches for annual maximum river flow series". Ain Shams Engineering Journal 8, nr 1 (marzec 2017): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2015.07.016.

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Sobey, Rodney J., i Leah S. Orloff. "Triple annual maximum series in wave climate analyses". Coastal Engineering 26, nr 3-4 (grudzień 1995): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3839(95)00020-8.

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TANAKA, Shigenobu, i Kaoru TAKARA. "HYDROLOGIC FREQUENCY ANALYSIS WITH ANNUAL MAXIMUM SERIES AND PARTIAL DURATION SERIES". PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 43 (1999): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.43.145.

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Ng, Jing Lin, Soon Kim Tiang, Yuk Feng Huang, Nur Ilya Farhana Md Noh i Ramez A. Al-Mansob. "Analysis of annual maximum and partial duration rainfall series". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 646, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/646/1/012039.

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Rosbjerg, D. "On the annual maximum distribution in dependent partial duration series". Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics 1, nr 1 (marzec 1987): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01543906.

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Martins, Eduardo S., i Jery R. Stedinger. "Historical information in a generalized Maximum Likelihood Framework with partial duration and annual maximum series". Water Resources Research 37, nr 10 (październik 2001): 2559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000wr000009.

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Chen, Xiaohong, Lijuan Zhang, C. Y. Xu, Jiaming Zhang i Changqing Ye. "Hydrological Design of Nonstationary Flood Extremes and Durations in Wujiang River, South China: Changing Properties, Causes, and Impacts". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/527461.

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The flood-duration-frequency (QDF) analysis is performed using annual maximum streamflow series of 1–10 day durations observed at Pingshi and Lishi stations in southern China. The trends and change point of annual maximum flood flow and flood duration are also investigated by statistical tests. The results indicate that (1) the annual maximum flood flow only has a marginally increasing trend, whereas the flood duration exhibits a significant decreasing trend at the 0.10 significant level. The change point for the annual maximum flood flow series was found in 1991 and after which the mean maximum flood flow increased by 45.26%. (2) The period after 1991 is characterized by frequent and shorter duration floods due to increased rainstorm. However, land use change in the basin was found intensifying the increased tendency of annual maximum flow after 1991. And (3) under nonstationary environmental conditions, alternative definitions of return period should be adapted. The impacts on curve fitting of flood series showed an overall change of upper tail from “gentle” to “steep,” and the design flood magnitude became larger. Therefore, a nonstationary frequency analysis taking account of change point in the data series is highly recommended for future studies.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Annual maximum series"

"The Shift of Precipitation Maxima on the Annual Maximum Series using Regional Climate Model Precipitation Data". Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.20926.

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abstract: Ten regional climate models (RCMs) and atmosphere-ocean generalized model parings from the North America Regional Climate Change Assessment Program were used to estimate the shift of extreme precipitation due to climate change using present-day and future-day climate scenarios. RCMs emulate winter storms and one-day duration events at the sub-regional level. Annual maximum series were derived for each model pairing, each modeling period; and for annual and winter seasons. The reliability ensemble average (REA) method was used to qualify each RCM annual maximum series to reproduce historical records and approximate average predictions, because there are no future records. These series determined (a) shifts in extreme precipitation frequencies and magnitudes, and (b) shifts in parameters during modeling periods. The REA method demonstrated that the winter season had lower REA factors than the annual season. For the winter season the RCM pairing of the Hadley regional Model 3 and the Geophysical Fluid-Dynamics Laboratory atmospheric-land generalized model had the lowest REA factors. However, in replicating present-day climate, the pairing of the Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics' Regional Climate Model Version 3 with the Geophysical Fluid-Dynamics Laboratory atmospheric-land generalized model was superior. Shifts of extreme precipitation in the 24-hour event were measured using precipitation magnitude for each frequency in the annual maximum series, and the difference frequency curve in the generalized extreme-value-function parameters. The average trend of all RCM pairings implied no significant shift in the winter annual maximum series, however the REA-selected models showed an increase in annual-season precipitation extremes: 0.37 inches for the 100-year return period and for the winter season suggested approximately 0.57 inches for the same return period. Shifts of extreme precipitation were estimated using predictions 70 years into the future based on RCMs. Although these models do not provide climate information for the intervening 70 year period, the models provide an assertion on the behavior of future climate. The shift in extreme precipitation may be significant in the frequency distribution function, and will vary depending on each model-pairing condition. The proposed methodology addresses the many uncertainties associated with the current methodologies dealing with extreme precipitation.
Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Civil and Environmental Engineering 2013

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Książki na temat "Annual maximum series"

W, Kundzewicz Zbigniew, Unesco, World Meteorological Organization i World Climate Programme, red. Detection of change in world-wide hydrological time series of maximum annual flow. [S.l.]: World Meteorological Organization, 2004.

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Chen, Min, J. Michael Dunn, Amos Golan i Aman Ullah, red. Advances in Info-Metrics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636685.001.0001.

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Info-metrics is a framework for modeling, reasoning, and drawing inferences under conditions of noisy and insufficient information. It is an interdisciplinary framework situated at the intersection of information theory, statistical inference, and decision-making under uncertainty. In a recent book on the Foundations of Info-Metrics, Golan (OUP, 2018) provides the theoretical underpinning of info-metrics and the necessary tools and building blocks for using that framework. This volume complements Golan’s book and expands on the series of studies on the classical maximum entropy and Bayesian methods published in the different proceedings started with the seminal collection of Levine and Tribus (1979) and continuing annually. The objective of this volume is to expand the study of info-metrics, and information processing, across the sciences and to further explore the basis of information-theoretic inference and its mathematical and philosophical foundations. This volume is inherently interdisciplinary and applications oriented. It contains some of the recent developments in the field, as well as many new cross-disciplinary case studies and examples. The emphasis here is on the interrelationship between information and inference where we view the word ‘inference’ in its most general meaning – capturing all types of problem solving. That includes model building, theory creation, estimation, prediction, and decision making. The volume contains nineteen chapters in seven parts. Although chapters in each part are related, each chapter is self-contained; it provides the necessary tools for using the info-metrics framework for solving the problem confronted in that chapter. This volume is designed to be accessible for researchers, graduate students, and practitioners across the disciplines, requiring only some basic quantitative skills. The multidisciplinary nature and applications provide a hands-on experience for the reader.

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Części książek na temat "Annual maximum series"

Mukwada, Geofrey, i Sarudzai Mutana. "Surviving the Limits Imposed by a Changing Climate: The Case of Urban Drought and Water Supply Sustainability in Phuthaditjhaba". W Sustainable Development Goals Series, 75–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15773-8_6.

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AbstractIn urban environments, sustainable access to water resources depends on many factors, including climatic, social and economic conditions characterizing the surrounding environment. For urban areas in mountain environments these conditions are compounded by stressors resulting from climate change, such as drought, as well as physical remoteness, economic marginalization and poverty, phenomena which impose limits on access to water. Based on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1, 6 and 13, which were part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by UN member states in 2015, in this paper we assess the impact of urban drought on water security in the mountain city of Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa. World Meteorological Organization - Time Series (4.04) climate (precipitation and maximum temperature) data for Phuthaditjhaba were analysed for trends for the period between 1960 and 2019. Trends of Standardized Precipitation Index values and Maximum Temperatures were used to determine how climate change has affected Phuthaditjhaba’s sources of water supply, namely the Fika Patso and Metsimatsho dams. A sample of Landsat images from the same period was used to determine how the two water bodies have responded to the change over time. The results indicate that the two reservoirs have shrunk due to climate change induced drought, thus worsening water insecurity in the city. The results also indicate that mean annual stream discharge is projected to decrease by 39% for the 2016–2045 period. Lastly, based on government reports on water shortages in Phuthaditjhaba and other secondary sources, the results also indicate that though 90% of Phuthaditjhaba’s population has access to potable water, only 55% of the residents have access to reliable water supply. We conclude that without urgent government intervention the future of the livelihoods of the poor majority of Phuthaditjhaba’s residents will remain bleak due to dwindling water resources, making SDG 6, and those influenced by it, unattainable.

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Safaei, Samaneh, Farshid Keynia, Sam Haghdady, Azim Heydari i Mario Lamagna. "Design of CCHP System with the Help of Combined Chiller System, Solar Energy, and Gas Microturbine". W The Urban Book Series, 79–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_9.

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AbstractThis work was conducted to design a combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system with photovoltaic energy which provides simultaneous generation of electricity, heat, and cold for a high-rise office building (23 floors) in the city of Mashhad in Iran. Our strategy was to supply load electric, thermal, and refrigeration with the help of solar energy. In addition, its superiority over other systems was evaluated. Analysis and study of solar radiation and the maximum level of solar panels use, according to the architectural plan, were carried out at the project site. The analysis of shadow points, the use of inverters and electrical detectors to increase the maximum solar power, and its cost-effectiveness were carefully studied via PVSOL software. Additionally, the amount of heat, cold, and electricity consumption was accurately calculated according to international standards and utilizing HAP software. The criteria for saving on the initial cost reduction, carbon dioxide emission reduction, operating cost reduction, payback period, revenue, and the minimum life expectancy of the equipment compared to those in other methods were also evaluated. The results obtained from the designed system of simultaneous generation of electricity, heat, and refrigeration, which combines gas microturbines as the primary stimulus, a combination of absorption and compression chiller to provide refrigeration load, a boiler for auxiliary heat load, and a thermal photovoltaic system to produce both electric and thermal loads, were finally revealed. This is believed to be a cost-effective strategy for high-rise residential or commercial buildings with a geographical location like that of Mashhad. Based on the electricity sales to the grid, with the rate of increase in inflation in electricity tariffs, this design in the Mashhad project was estimated to have an annual income of 166.676 thousand dollars. Moreover, the initial capital return period in this project was calculated to be 5.19 years.

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Sanusi, Wahidah, Sahlan Sidjara, Sudarmin Patahuddin i Muhammad Danial. "Change Point Detection in Time Series Data of Annual Maximum Daily Rainfall in Mamminasata Region of South Sulawesi, Indonesia". W Proceedings of the 4th International Seminar on Science and Technology (ISST 2022), 297–302. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-228-6_33.

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Bogdanowicz, Ewa, Witold G. Strupczewski i Krzysztof Kochanek. "On the Run Length in Annual Maximum Flow Series in the Middle Vistula Basin in the Context of Climate Change Impact". W Stochastic Flood Forecasting System, 33–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18854-6_3.

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"annual maximum series". W Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_12032.

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Swetapadma, Sonali, i Chandra Shekhar Prasad Ojha. "A comparison between partial duration series and annual maximum series modeling for flood frequency analysis". W Modeling and Mitigation Measures for Managing Extreme Hydrometeorological Events Under a Warming Climate, 173–92. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-18640-0.00007-9.

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Debbarma, Shyama, Parthasarathi Choudhury, Parthajit Roy i Ram Kumar. "Analysis of Precipitation Variability using Memory Based Artificial Neural Networks". W Research Anthology on Artificial Neural Network Applications, 955–70. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2408-7.ch044.

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This article analyzes the variability in precipitation of the Barak river basin using memory-based ANN models called Gamma Memory Neural Network(GMNN) and genetically optimized GMNN called GMNN-GA for precipitation downscaling precipitation. GMNN having adaptive memory depth is capable techniques in modeling time varying inputs with unknown input characteristics, while an integration of the model with GA can further improve its performances. NCEP reanalysis and HadCM3A2 (a) scenario data are used for downscaling and forecasting precipitation series for Barak river basin. Model performances are analyzed by using statistical criteria, RMSE and mean error and are compared with the standard SDSM model. Results obtained by using 24 years of daily data sets show that GMNN-GA is efficient in downscaling daily precipitation series with maximum daily annual mean error of 6.78%. The outcomes of the study demonstrate that execution of the GMNN-GA model is superior to the GMNN and similar with that of the standard SDSM.

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Maposa, Daniel. "Fitting a Generalised Extreme Value Distribution to Four Candidate Annual Maximum Flood Heights Time Series Models in the Lower Limpopo River Basin of Mozambique". W Recent Advances in Flood Risk Management. IntechOpen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82140.

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Rohling, Eelco J. "Summary". W The Climate Question. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190910877.003.0010.

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Several independent series of observations demonstrate that there has been about 1°C of warming since the start of the industrial revolution. We discussed that there is some variability in solar output, and that these variations may be recognized in records of past climate, but also that solar variability can only account for warming by 0.1°C to an unlikely maximum of 0.35°C since the end of the Little Ice Age. Based on energy balance considerations, we have found that our emissions of external carbon are the main culprit. In response to this disturbance of the energy balance, the climate simply has to change toward a warmer Pliocene- like state, even if we could manage to stabilize CO2 at its current level of about 400 ppm. From discussion of several slowly adjusting processes within the climate system, we now understand that it will take, from the beginning, several centuries to approximate the full Pliocene- like warming. But we are almost two centuries down the road, and warming to date already amounts to about 1°C. The slow components in the climate system will cause continuing warming by another 1°C or so. In other words, we are already committed to further warming, even if we managed to make the massive jump to a zero- emissions society from today and thus stabilize CO2 levels. The urgency of slashing back the current level of annual emissions (10 GtC) cannot be overstated. Every year of inaction brings us closer to the inevitability of a future climate that will exceed even the warm Pliocene state, with global temperatures at least 2 or 3°C higher than the pre- industrial level. If we allow ourselves to reach the Paris Climate Conference’s agreed maximum of 2°C warming by the year 2100, then the further commitment over coming centuries would take us toward 4°C, even if we achieved zero emissions by 2100. That is considerably warmer than during the Pliocene. We have seen that the consequences are grave. Progression toward a Pliocene- like climate state will be accompanied by continued migration of global and regional climate zones and by intensification of the evaporation and precipitation cycle, placing many areas at risk of increasing extremes, including aridity, flooding, and lethal heat.

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Li, Fangfang, Hongru Wang i Jun Qiu. "A Multi-Objective Reservoir Optimization Software (MORO) with Sediment Flushing Computation". W Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220391.

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Sedimentation not only diminishes the benefits of reservoirs, but also leads to the degradation of riverine ecosystems. Reservoir sedimentation appears particularly serious for China with the maximum annual storage loss of 2.3%, resulting from both the hyper-concentration sediment rivers and the rapid increase of large reservoirs. This study proposed multi-objective reservoir optimization software (MORO) with sediment flushing computation based on measured data of sediment concentration, which was applied to a large reservoir and can be generalized to other reservoirs. The results show that within the recommended discharge variation of 4%, the sediment release can be increased by 1.41×106 t as the reduction of per 1010 kWh in annual power generation. Compared with the original scheme, the sediment release can be increased most by 2.97% at the cost of 0.29% loss of power generation. Moreover, the dual objective in the flood season has been optimized by 6.40% and 3.39%, respectively.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Annual maximum series"

Ben-Zvi, Arie, i Benjamin Azmon. "Testing Trends in Annual Maximum Discharge Series in Israel". W World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40685(2003)177.

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Martins, Eduardo S. P. R., i Jery R. Stedinger. "Value of Historical Flood Information in Partial Duration Series and Annual Maximum Series Frameworks". W Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)121.

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Zin, Wan Zawiah Wan, Wendy Ling Shinyie i Abdul Aziz Jemain. "Modelling of extreme rainfall events in Peninsular Malaysia based on annual maximum and partial duration series". W THE 2ND ISM INTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL CONFERENCE 2014 (ISM-II): Empowering the Applications of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4907461.

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Strache, Sebastian, Jan Henning Mueller, Dominik Platz, Ralf Wunderlich i Stefan Heinen. "Maximum power point tracker for small number of solar cells connected in series". W IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2012.6389048.

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Malytska, L., O. Lukianets i S. Moskalenko. "MAXIMUM RIVERINE RUNOFF IN THE BASIN OF TYSA AND PRUT WITHIN UKRAINE". W XXVII Conference of the Danubian Countries on Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management. Nika-Tsentr, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/uhmi.conference.01.18.

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Research focuses on the objective assessment of maximum river runoff and its multi-annual variability in the basin of Tysa and Prut rivers within Ukraine. For this purpose, a database of maximum riverine water runoff (the highest daily values per year and the largest for one of the terms of daily measurement periods) from 36 measuring stations were created. The series were formed from the beginning of observations until 2015 and in most of them, the length is 50-70 years. Their representativeness for practical calculations has been evaluated. The main statistical parameters of the maximum runoff are determined – norms of water discharge and maximum specific discharges, coefficients of variation and skewness. A comparison was made between the maximum daily runoff values and their corresponding peak maxima. This is especially important for mountain rivers to calculate and predict dangerous peaks maxima on rivers. The multi-annual variability of the maximum runoff of rivers was examined by integral curves of differences, autocorrelation, and spectral functions. The result revealed the structure of cyclical fluctuations and an assessment of trends in the current period.

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Dong, Sheng, Wei Liu, Lizhen Zhang i C. Guedes Soares. "Long-Term Statistical Analysis of Typhoon Wave Heights With Poisson-Maximum Entropy Distribution". W ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79278.

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Using the maximum typhoon wave height series observed at Nakagusukuwan Observation Station in Japan, a novel compound distribution, Poisson-maximum entropy distribution, is proposed to calculate typhoon wave height return values. In this paper, both the Annual Maximum method and Peak Over Threshold method are adopted for long-term wave height analysis. Calculation results by Peak Over Threshold method show that the choice of threshold slightly affects the return values of wave height under the same long statistical series. For a relatively short sample by the Peak Over Threshold method, the estimation accuracy is still higher under the condition that the maximum typhoon wave height is included in the statistical sample.

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Bačová Mitková, Veronika, i Dana Halmová. "ESTIMATION OF THE FLOOD MAXIMUM VOLUMES FOR VARIOUS DURATIONS OF THE RIVER RUNOFF AND THEIR MUTUAL DEPENDANCES: A CASE STUDY ON HRON RIVER IN SLOVAKIA". W XXVII Conference of the Danubian Countries on Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management. Nika-Tsentr, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/uhmi.conference.01.17.

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This work deals with the determination of the annual maximum discharge volumes on the Hron River for the runoff time duration t = 2, 5, 10, and 20 days. The series of 84 years (1931–2015) mean daily discharges of the Hron River at Banská Bystrica station was used as input data to calculate the maximum annual volumes of runoff of the Hron River. Subsequently, the theoretical curves of exceedance of the maximal discharge volumes were determined by the LogPearson distribution of the Type III. This type of probability distribution is used to estimate maximum (extreme) values across a range of natural processes. The results of the estimated T-year volumes by using PL III distribution were compared to other types of theoretical distribution functions used in hydrological extreme analyses in Slovakia (Gamma, Log-normal, etc.). The second part of our work was focused on the bivariate modelling of the relationship between T-year maximum volumes with different duration and peak discharges. In the case of modelling without evaluating this mutual dependence of the flood wave characteristics, they may be overestimated (in the case of the negative dependence) or underestimated (in the case of the positive dependence). The Archimedean class of copula functions was used as mathematical tool for the dependence modelling. The LP III distribution was used as marginal probability distribution function. Subsequently joint and conditional return periods of the T-year maximum annual flows and T-year maximum volumes with different time duration were calculated. The first one defines joint return periods as: the return periods using one random variable equaling or exceeding a certain magnitude and/or using another random variable equaling or exceeding another certain magnitude. The second one is conditional return periods for one random variable, given that another random variable equals or exceeds a specific magnitude.

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Toburen, Tina, Allen Kephart i Rhonda Walker. "Energy Efficiency by Optimizing Annual Testing Schedules: Coordinating RATA Testing With Other Annual Test Requirements". W ASME 2009 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2009-81094.

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Nearly every power plant in the US must undergo annual Relative Accuracy Test Audits (RATA testing) to confirm the values reported by their continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS). In order to perform a RATA test, the plant must operate at one or more stable loads for a number of hours. Depending on the type of unit and fuel, the required load levels for RATA testing can range from low, mid and high loads for coal-fired units to a single (normal) load for oil and gas fired units or four loads (from partial load to maximum load) for units utilizing 40 CFR Part 75 Appendix E alternative monitoring systems. Many plants operate in a dispatch environment where the plant is not in control of their load from hour to hour, and some even from minute to minute, such as those operating under Automatic Generation Control (AGC). Scheduling plant loads for the RATA testing must often be done far in advance and can come at a high price when factoring in fuel costs. Because it can be a significant undertaking to schedule the loads for a series of RATA tests, it makes economic sense to schedule other testing also requiring unit stability concurrently with the RATA tests. One of the most important tests that fits this category is performance testing for plant capacity and/or heat rate. Many plants are now required to perform capacity and/or heat rate demonstrations on a periodic basis to support their power purchase agreements or transmission reliability requirements. But even plants without performance test requirements can benefit from gathering performance related data during RATA testing. For plants dispatched based on demonstrated heat rates, understanding the heat rate impact of operating in AGC or at partial loads is essential. Awareness of expected heat rate is also vital for plants that must nominate their fuel consumption requirements in advance. If the RATA test loads are planned correctly, performance data collected during the RATA test periods can be used not only to fulfill required demonstrations for capacity and heat rate, but also to determine the actual annual degradation (recoverable and non-recoverable) observed for the plant equipment. Test data can also be used to build or update performance forecasting tools for dispatch purposes. Depending on the complexity of the RATA testing, multiple load points may be available (from minimum to maximum load) which can provide data on fuel consumption at various loads, supporting fuel purchasing and planning requirements for the plant. This paper intends to outline the value of coordinating annual performance tests with RATA tests in terms of manpower, load scheduling and fuel consumption. This paper will also discuss a number of issues that may arise when coordinating multiple tests — which could be performed by numerous independent parties, as well as the additional benefits which can be gained by collecting adequate performance data during RATA test periods.

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Hossei, Hamideh, i Kyoung-hee Kim. "Circuit Connection Reconfiguration Of Partially Shaded BIPV Systems, A Solution For Power Loss Reduction". W 111th ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.7.

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Integrating PV panels as a source of clean energy has been a widely established method to achieve net-zero energy (NZE) buildings. The exterior envelope of high-rise buildings can serve as the best place to integrate PV panels for utilizing solar energy. The taller the building, the higher the potential to utilize solar energy by PV panels. However, shadows casting on the BIPV façade systems are unavoidable as they are often subject to partial shades from panels’ self-shading as well as building walls. Partial shading or ununiform solar radiation on the PV surface causes a dramatic decrease in the current output of the circuit. For that reason, in BIPV facades the default circuit connection of manufactured PV panels does not output maximum power under partial shading conditions. This paper investigates the different circuit connections in the BIPV façade system to achieve higher energy yields while addressing design requirements. To this end, PV panel’s power production in different circuit connection reconfiguration scenarios was explored both by simulation and experimentation in two levels of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) components: 1) PV cells, and 2) strings of PV cells. The results of simulations demonstrated that the maximum power generation occurred when the circuit connection between cells within a string is series, and the circuit connection between the strings within a PV panel is parallel. Comparing the results of Ladybug (LB) energy simulations with the proposed Grasshopper (GH) analysis recipe showed that the developed GH definition will increase the BIPVs energy simulation by 90%. To validate the simulation results, experimental tests were conducted. The measured power output indicated that the series-parallel circuit connection increased the energy yields of the BIPV facades 71 times in real-world applications compared to the manufactured series-series PV panels.

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MacAlpine, Sara M., Michael J. Brandemuehl, Leonor L. Linares i Robert W. Erickson. "Effect of Distributed Power Conversion on the Annual Performance of Building-Integrated PV Arrays With Complex Roof Geometries". W ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90377.

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Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems have gained greater popularity in recent years; however, their effectiveness is often limited by nonuniform operating conditions. To increase potential for energy capture in PV systems, particularly those with series string configurations, an improved module integrated dc-dc converter (MIC) with maximum power point tracking has been proposed. This paper investigates the potential power gain provided by these MICs in situations where the architecture or surroundings of a building necessitate that a PV array include panels with differing orientations, which can significantly reduce system efficiency. A flexible, comprehensive simulation model for BIPV systems is developed, which allows for variations in insolation and temperature at the PV cell level, while accurately modeling MICs and their effect on array performance. This model is used to simulate various directional array combinations in series string and parallel configurations for a representative set of climates around the US. Results of these simulations show power gains attributed to both the photovoltaic generator/converter portion of the system and to increased inverter efficiency arising from a constant, controlled string voltage. When differing panel orientations within an array are considered, there is potential for annual power output gains of over 10% for a system with MICs when compared to conventional approaches. Further opportunities for increased energy capture in a BIPV system with MICs are identified and discussed.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Annual maximum series"

Hamill, Daniel, i Gabrielle David. Hydrologic analysis of field delineated ordinary high water marks for rivers and streams. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), sierpień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41681.

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Streamflow influences the distribution and organization of high water marks along rivers and streams in a landscape. The federal definition of ordinary high water mark (OHWM) is defined by physical and vegetative field indicators that are used to identify inundation extents of ordinary high water levels without any reference to the relationship between streamflow and regulatory definition. Streamflow is the amount, or volume, of water that moves through a stream per unit time. This study explores regional characteristics and relationships between field-delineated OHWMs and frequency-magnitude streamflow metrics derived from a flood frequency analysis. The elevation of OHWM is related to representative constant-level discharge return periods with national average return periods of 6.9 years using partial duration series and 2.8 years using annual maximum flood frequency approaches. The range in OHWM return periods is 0.5 to 9.08, and 1.05 to 11.01 years for peaks-over-threshold and annual maximum flood frequency methods, respectively. The range of OHWM return periods is consistent with the range found in national studies of return periods related to bankfull streamflow. Hydraulic models produced a statistically significant relationship between OHWM and bank-full, which reinforces the close relationship between the scientific concept and OHWM in most stream systems.

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Bacharach, Eran, i Sagar Goyal. Generation of Avian Pneumovirus Modified Clones for the Development of Attenuated Vaccines. United States Department of Agriculture, listopad 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7696541.bard.

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Abstract (one page maximum, single spaced), include: List the original objectives, as defined in the approved proposal, and any revisions made at the beginning or during the course of project: The main goal described in our original proposal has been the development of a molecular infectious clone of the avian metapneumovirus subtype B (aMPV-B) and the modification of this clone to create mutated viruses for the development of attenuated vaccines. The Achievements and Appendix/Part I sections of this report describes the accomplishments in creating such a molecular clone. These sections also contain the results of a longitudinal study that we made in Israel, demonstrating the infiltration of field strains of aMPV into vaccinated flocks and emphasizing the need for the development of better vaccines. We also describe our unexpected findings regarding the ability of aMPV to establish persistent infection in cell cultures. Although this direction of research was not described in the original proposal we feel that it is highly important for the understanding of aMPV pathogenesis. For example, this direction has provided us with evidence showing that aMPV replication can augment influenza replication. Moreover, we observed that viruses that were produced from chronically-infected cells show reduced ciliostasis. Accordingly, we carried vaccination trials using such viruses. In the original grant proposal we also offered that the American lab will clone and express immunomodulators in the context of an aMPV -based replicon that the Israeli lab has generated. However, as we reported in our annual reports, further analysis of this replicon by the Israeli lab has revealed that the level of expression achieved by this vehicle is relatively poor; thus, the American lab has focused on sequencing the genomes of different aMPV-C isolates that differ in their virulence (including vaccine strains). Achievements and Appendix/Part II sections of this report include the summary of this effort. Background to the topic: The aMPVs belong to the paramyxoviridae family and cause mild to severe respiratory tract diseases mainly in turkeys and also in chickens. Four aMPV subgroups, A, B, C and D, have been characterized; in Israel aMPV-A and B are the common subtypes while in the USA type C is the prevalent one. Although vaccine strains do exist for aMPVs, they do not always provide full protection against virulent strains and the vaccines themselves may induce disease to some extent. Improved vaccines against aMPV are needed, to achieve better protection of the poultry industry against this pathogen. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: We isolated aMPV-B from a diseased flock and accomplished the sequencing and cloning of its full-genome. In addition, we cloned the four genes encoding the viral replicase. These should serve as the platform for generation of modified aMPV-Bs from molecular clones. We also identified aMPVs that are attenuated in respect to their ciliostatic activity and accordingly showed the potential of such viruses as vaccine strains. For aMPV-C, the different mutations scattered along the genome of different isolates with varied virulence have been determined. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: The newly identified pattern of mutations in attenuated strains will allow better understanding of the pathogenicity of aMPV and the generation of aMPV molecular clones, together with isolation of strains with attenuated ciliostatic activity should generate improved vaccine strains Abstract (one page maximum, single spaced), include: List the original objectives, as defined in the approved proposal, and any revisions made at the beginning or during the course of project: The main goal described in our original proposal has been the development of a molecular infectious clone of the avian metapneumovirus subtype B (aMPV-B) and the modification of this clone to create mutated viruses for the development of attenuated vaccines. The Achievements and Appendix/Part I sections of this report describes the accomplishments in creating such a molecular clone. These sections also contain the results of a longitudinal study that we made in Israel, demonstrating the infiltration of field strains of aMPV into vaccinated flocks and emphasizing the need for the development of better vaccines. We also describe our unexpected findings regarding the ability of aMPV to establish persistent infection in cell cultures. Although this direction of research was not described in the original proposal we feel that it is highly important for the understanding of aMPV pathogenesis. For example, this direction has provided us with evidence showing that aMPV replication can augment influenza replication. Moreover, we observed that viruses that were produced from chronically-infected cells show reduced ciliostasis. Accordingly, we carried vaccination trials using such viruses. In the original grant proposal we also offered that the American lab will clone and express immunomodulators in the context of an aMPV -based replicon that the Israeli lab has generated. However, as we reported in our annual reports, further analysis of this replicon by the Israeli lab has revealed that the level of expression achieved by this vehicle is relatively poor; thus, the American lab has focused on sequencing the genomes of different aMPV-C isolates that differ in their virulence (including vaccine strains). Achievements and Appendix/Part II sections of this report include the summary of this effort. Background to the topic: The aMPVs belong to the paramyxoviridae family and cause mild to severe respiratory tract diseases mainly in turkeys and also in chickens. Four aMPV subgroups, A, B, C and D, have been characterized; in Israel aMPV-A and B are the common subtypes while in the USA type C is the prevalent one. Although vaccine strains do exist for aMPVs, they do not always provide full protection against virulent strains and the vaccines themselves may induce disease to some extent. Improved vaccines against aMPV are needed, to achieve better protection of the poultry industry against this pathogen. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: We isolated aMPV-B from a diseased flock and accomplished the sequencing and cloning of its full-genome. In addition, we cloned the four genes encoding the viral replicase. These should serve as the platform for generation of modified aMPV-Bs from molecular clones. We also identified aMPVs that are attenuated in respect to their ciliostatic activity and accordingly showed the potential of such viruses as vaccine strains. For aMPV-C, the different mutations scattered along the genome of different isolates with varied virulence have been determined. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: The newly identified pattern of mutations in attenuated strains will allow better understanding of the pathogenicity of aMPV and the generation of aMPV molecular clones, together with isolation of strains with attenuated ciliostatic activity should generate improved vaccine strains.

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