Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / And Local Government Law

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „And Local Government Law”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 25 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "And Local Government Law"

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Toefy, Achmat, i Megan Adderley. "Local Government Law". Yearbook of South African Law 1 (2020): 872–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/ysal/v1/i1a17.

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Toefy, Achmat, i Megan Adderley. "Local Government Law". Yearbook of South African Law 1 (2020): 872–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/ysal/v1/i1a17.

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Barrett, Jastine. "Overview: Local Government Law". Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law 1, nr 2 (2012): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7574/cjicl.01.02.30.

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Staples, Jessica. "Overview: Local Government Law". Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law 3, nr 1 (2014): 304–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7574/cjicl.03.01.169.

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Dickey, Robert J. "Local Government in Korea". Korean Journal of Policy Studies 15, nr 1 (30.04.2000): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps15108.

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After reading the first few pages of this text, the reader may be left wondering "exactly what is this book attempting to accomplish?" At first glance, it looks like a college textbook. And indeed, Chapter 1 (Overview of Local Government in Korea) very much reads this way. After an introductory section in Chapter 2 (Structure of Local Government), however, the form of the book takes a dramatic turn. The Preface opens with a statement of the two purposes of the book, "first, to provide factual information about Korean local politics for those who are interested in Korea's system of local government; and second, to offer definitive reference resources to foreign scholars, students, practitioners, diplomats, and others who have an interest in the evolution of Korean democracy." Referring back to the Table of Contents after reading further in Chapter 2, one realizes that this is more of a "book of facts" than an analytical treatise. In this regard, the book is a solid success: it provides detailed facts about the legal structure of Korea's system of local government. It discusses the evolution and effect of Korea's Local Autonomy Act (and relevant decrees), and a translation of the lengthy Local Autonomy Act is included in an appendix. Clearly, the book is a useful reference on the law of local autonomy for those of us less than fluent in Korean. On the other hand, politics and democracy are hardly discussed beyond a few rhetorical platitudes in the first and last chapters.
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Martitah, Martitah, Saru Arifin, Slamet Sumarto i Widiyanto Widiyanto. "Confronting E-Government Adoption in Indonesian Local Government". Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 6, nr 2 (30.11.2021): 279–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jils.v6i2.47795.

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Indonesia passed an e-government law in 2018, ushering the country's society into the information age across a range of sectors, including social, economic, communication, transportation, literacy, and public services. This transformation has benefited enormously from the facilitation of information technology in terms of productivity, comfort, compassion, and time elapsed. Local governments in Indonesia, on the other hand, are slowing the adoption of e-government, which has progressed to the second stage of implementation, which is the introduction or integration of cross-sectoral systems. This article claims that local governments face challenges in this second stage as a result of departmental egos that make it difficult to unite around shared objectives. The whole government approach is suggested in this paper as a concrete policy strategy for eradicating sectoral egos within local government departments. It places a premium on collaboration in order to accomplish the government's vision and objectives.
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Michael, Bryane, i Stephen Mendes. "Anti‐corruption law in local government". International Journal of Law and Management 54, nr 1 (3.02.2012): 26–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17542431211189597.

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Stasiak, Jacek. "DIRECTORY OF TASKS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS". Globalization, the State and the Individual 30, nr 2 (30.12.2022): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2003.

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The article discusses the issue of performance of tasks in local government units at the level of municipalities, districts and local provinces. It presents the scope of own and delegated tasks belonging to the activities of municipalities, districts and provincial governments, as well as the legal and organizational-legal forms of the tasks performed. Own tasks are contained in the Law on Municipal Self-Government, the Law on County Self-Government, the Law on Provincial Self-Government. Tasks outsourced to government administration result from laws or signed agreements.
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Mullen, Tom. "Local Government in Scotland". European Public Law 12, Issue 2 (1.06.2006): 177–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2006012.

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Melnyk, V. I., B. O. Pavlenko, Yu M. Kiiashko i V. V. Snizhko. "Legal status of local governments as subjects of administrative and legal relations". Legal horizons, nr 24 (2020): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i24.p29.

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This article is devoted to the study of the legal status of local governments, which act as subjects of administrative and legal relations. In the process of studying the legal status of local governments as subjects of administrative and legal relations, the author reveals the concepts, functions, powers and features of the legal status of local governments and ways to improve the local government as a whole, given the positive experience of the European Union. The article highlights legal framework which serves as a regulator of local government at the national level. In general, the main document on which local self-government is based is the Constitution of Ukraine, in which a separate section on local self-government reveals issues related to the specific application of the principles of local self-government in Ukraine. The next, no less important in the field of local government regulation in Ukraine, are special laws, namely the Law of Ukraine "On Local SelfGovernment in Ukraine" and the Law of Ukraine "On the Status of Deputies of Local Councils". The first law covers and characterizes the system in which local self-government operates in Ukraine, and the second covers the limits of the deputy's activity and its legal status. It is worth mentioning a number of regulations governing certain areas of local government. These include: the Law of Ukraine "About Access to Public Information"; Law of Ukraine "About the open use of public funds"; Law of Ukraine "About Regulation of Urban Development"; Law of Ukraine "About Principles of State Regulatory Policy in the Sphere of Economic Activity"; Law of Ukraine "About improvement of settlements"; Budget Code of Ukraine. According to the study, an analysis of the current state of local self-government in Ukraine was conducted. In particular, some problematic issues related to the sphere of activity of local selfgovernment bodies, which need to be resolved immediately, have been identified. Based on the study of the legal status of local governments and analysis of interaction problems between public authorities and local governments in the European Union, the author proposed ways to further improve the interaction of local governments and local governments of Ukraine.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "And Local Government Law"

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Mzee, Mzee Mustafa. "Local Government in Tanzania :does the local government law give autonomy to local government". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2206_1306481946.

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Despite a highly centralised system of government, Tanzania, has attempted several measures aimed at achieving decentralisation of its immense powers to allow people to have a say on matters affecting their respective areas of jurisdiction. By discussing the autonomy of local government in Tanzania, this research will highlight whether or not local government in Tanzania has the autonomy to exercise its functions without undue interference from the central government. There is not much literature on the local government laws of Tanzania .Therefore, this research will contribute to the concept of decentralisation in Tanzania in particular and Africa in general.

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Houghton, John Anthony. "Policing and local government in England". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390784.

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Ayele, Zemelak. "Local government in Ethiopia: Adequately Empowered ?" Thesis, UWC, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8969_1318322721.

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This study, therefore, inquires into whether the regional states are discharging their constitutional obligation of creating adequately empowered local government. It will attempt to do so by examining the decentralisation programme of four of the nine regional states of the Ethiopian federation.The argument in this study is developed in the following manner. First, it will be examined whether decentralisation is favourable for democratisation, development and accommodation of ethnic minorities. Second, institutional frameworks will be identified which will be used to examine whether Ethiopia’s local government is indeed empowered enough to achieve these objectives. Third, the structural organisation, powers and functions of local government of four of the nine regional states of Ethiopia will be described. The regional states are Amhara, Tigray, Oromia and Southern Nations and Nationalities and Peoples’ regional states. Fourth the Ethiopian local governance system will be assessed in light of the institutional principles that are identified in chapter 2.
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Sun, Jun (John), i Xingqiao (David) Xu. "Criterion-related Validity Analysis of Performance Management in Local Government". Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Business Administration, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-3431.

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Advocated by the New Public Management movement, performance management has been increasingly adopted in local government agencies, aiming to improve government performance and accountability. The purposes of this dissertation are trying to investigate the current practice of performance management and its effectiveness, and find out whether there are differences between Sweden and China, and between different agency levels in terms of performance management and government performance. According to theoretical review, we combine two performance management models into a new one with four stages, and establish a three-dimensional government performance model based on the Balanced Scorecard, with which questionnaires are designed. The results, carried out mainly in China, show that to a large extent the models are consistent with the theory. Nevertheless, a new stage of performance management, named as performance appraisal, emerges combining performance measurement with parts of performance report. It is found that the four stages of performance management are received different attentions in local government agencies. The results also display that two stages of performance management (performance improvement and performance standard-set) have strong causal relations with government performance. Meanwhile, there are significant differences between three agency levels in terms of some performance management stages and one performance dimension, according to the results. As far as the two nations are concerned, Sweden is much better than China at all the four stages of performance management, but only much better at one performance dimension—learning and growth—than China.

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Noble, Andrew William. "The effectiveness of local government regulation of the taxi trade". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4806/.

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Taxis are a widely used and heavily regulated area of public transport in England and Wales, but one which has been neglected by law academics and researchers. The original contribution to knowledge provided by this study is the finding that effectiveness of regulation of the trade relies upon local authority regulators creating and implementing their own system of ‘law’ outside the legislative framework and the trade acquiescing in that regime. Taking a qualitative-based empirical approach, this study critically assesses the taxi licensing regime through the views, attitudes and beliefs of those involved in the day-to-day application of the law. Many aspects of taxi regulation involve the exercise of local authority discretion, but the current system grants discretion in areas which ought to be confined by rules and often that discretion is exercised improperly. Whilst some degree of local administration of the system is desirable, many elements of taxi regulation would benefit from national standards to ensure consistency and uniformity. Although the study found a number of important exceptions to these general conclusions, on the whole the most effective methods of regulation were found to be those which operated beyond the legal framework and in which the trade acquiesced.
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Velasquez, Raul. "Agency, institutional constraints and law in the creation of Bogota's new local governments, and in the evolution of local government policies". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365606.

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Jordan, Janis. "Towards co-operative relations between district and local municipalities". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3631_1205414819.

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The political context that prompted the formation of district municipalities in the present form can be summarized as follows: before 1994, there were a few sporadic Regional Services Councils and Joint Services Boards responsible mainly for bulk service provision in rural areas. In many rural areas, the acute imbalances in personal wealth, physical infrastructure and the provision of services were most patent. Provinces decided which of the local government models best suited their province. Consequently, it was possible for the institutions of local government to differ from province to province and there would be a two-tier system of local councils and region-wide district councils throughout non-metropolitan South Africa. The aim of this study was two-fold. FIrst to analyze the key causes of conflict that arise within the two-tiered system. Second, to determine whether district intergovernmental forums will be able to address the key causes of conflict identifies and assist in making the relationship between district and local municipalities more co-operative.

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Habkirk, Allison Margaret. "Local government heritage planning legislation in British Columbia". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31233.

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Local Government Heritage Planning Legislation in British Columbia investigates and critiques the community planning policies of the provincial government white paper Toward Heritage Legislation. This investigation is undertaken from the perspectives of the experience of other jurisdictions and the views of professional heritage planners in British Columbia. The primary objectives of this thesis are: i) to illustrate by examining the history of heritage conservation legislation in other jurisdictions that there is a common pattern to the evolution of conservation legislation and that the proposals of Toward Heritage Legislation are consistent with this pattern ii) to examine the views of professional heritage planners regarding the proposed policies and iii) to argue that the proposed policies demonstrate both strengths and weaknesses and that a strong implementation framework will be required if the policies are to be implemented effectively. These objectives are achieved by the use of two methods. First, the history of heritage conservation is traced through a review of the relevant historical literature on the legislation of other jurisdictions. Second, fifteen professional heritage planners from across British Columbia are interviewed regarding their views on the proposed policies. The first conclusion of the thesis is that there is a pattern to the development of heritage legislation in other jurisdictions. This pattern illustrates that early heritage legislation focuses largely on the conservation of individual sites and monuments and that over time the legislation evolves and ultimately demonstrates three characteristics: one, the recognition of the context of individual sites including grouping of individual sites to form historic areas and districts, two, the integration of heritage planning into the day to day planning processes of local government and three, the devolution of responsibility for heritage conservation from senior to local governments. The data collected from the consultations with professional planners indicates that there is broad support for the conceptual basis of the proposed policies but that there are significant weaknesses in the details of the proposals. The planners indicate that in particular there are weaknesses in the ability to implement the policies within existing local government administrative practices. The thesis also concludes that the community planning proposals of Toward Heritage Legislation are consistent with the policies of other jurisdictions and in fact represent the logical next step in the development of heritage legislation in British Columbia. However, the planners interviewed clearly cautioned that the details of the policies must be reviewed, clarified and modified if they are to be successfully implemented. Their concerns focused on three general areas: the planners indicated in some cases that they did not support individual policies as proposed, secondly they requested clarification and detailing of the implementation of individual policies and thirdly, they advised that additional resources will be required to successfully implement the policies. The final conclusion of the thesis concerns the importance of training personnel to implement new heritage legislation. The consultations with the planners highlighted the current weaknesses of training for heritage planners and emphasized the importance of this shortcoming for the future of heritage conservation in British Columbia.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Chigwata, Tinashe Calton. "The law and policy for provincial and local government in Zimbabwe: The potential to realise development, build democracy, and sustain peace". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4336.

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The adoption of the 2013 Constitution of Zimbabwe heralded a new era with high expectations from ordinary citizens of Zimbabwe. Among other matters, the Constitution provides for a multilevel system of government with government organised at the national, provincial and local levels. The design of this system of government is linked to the need, inter alia, to realise development, build democracy and sustain peace in Zimbabwe. Provincial and local governments are expected to play a role in the realisation of these goals. The question is whether the law and policy governing provincial and local governments in Zimbabwe enables these governments to play that role. It will be argued that the law and policy hinders the role of provincial and local governments in realising development, building democracy and sustaining peace. The national government has excessive supervisory powers over provincial and local governments which limit the minimum level of local discretion required if these lower governments are to assist in realising development, building democracy and sustaining peace. Moreover, the legal and institutional design emphasises coordinative rather than cooperative relations among governments, thereby undermining opportunities for effective multilevel governance. It will be argued that the 2013 Constitution, however, provides the foundation upon which an effective system of multilevel government can be built. Mere alignment of the legislative framework with the 2013 Constitution is nevertheless unlikely to give full effect to the non-centralised system of government envisaged by this new Constitution. What is required is the development of a policy, institutional and legislative framework that gives effect to the constitutional spirit of devolution of power and cooperative governance.
Doctor Legum - LLD
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Levitt, Gordon. "Changing Climate, Changing Commitments: Municipal Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategies in Oregon". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20488.

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This thesis examines emerging commitments by local governments in Oregon to address climate change, and situates those efforts within climate policy development at the international, national, regional, and state governmental levels. It also reviews the literature for local climate initiatives and seeks to expand upon that knowledge by surveying “Climate Policymakers” in Oregon. The survey results provide insight into the challenges and opportunities associated with local government and state-level efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Oregon. Considering current climate policies, a broad selection of scholarly analysis, and the opinions of leading climate policy experts in Oregon, this thesis recommends eight categories of strategies to enhance greenhouse gas reduction efforts in Oregon.
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Książki na temat "And Local Government Law"

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Frug, Gerald E. Local government law. St. Paul, Minn: West, 1988.

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Pane, Michael A. Local government law. Wyd. 2. St. Paul, Minn: West Pub. Co., 1993.

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Frug, Gerald E. Local government law. Wyd. 3. St. Paul, Minn: West Group, 2001.

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Local government law. Wyd. 3. New Providence, NJ: LexisNexis, 2011.

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Loughlin, Peter J. Local government law. Orford, N.H: Equity Pub. Co., 1990.

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Pane, Michael A. Local government law. Wyd. 4. [St. Paul, Minn.]: Thomson/West, 2007.

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Loughlin, Peter J. Local government law. [Charlottesville?]: Michie, 1995.

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Pane, Michael A. Local government law. St. Paul, Minn: West Pub., 1987.

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Reynolds, Osborne M. Local government law. Wyd. 3. St. Paul, MN: West, 2009.

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(Nigeria), Ogun State. Local government law. [Nigeria: Ogun State of Nigeria, 2002.

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Części książek na temat "And Local Government Law"

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Stanton, John. "Local government finance". W Law, Localism, and the Constitution, 174–232. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429426216-8.

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Barnett, Hilaire. "Devolution and Local Government". W Constitutional & Administrative Law, 267–302. Twelfth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315458373-15.

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Barnett, Hilaire. "Devolution and Local Government". W Constitutional & Administrative Law, 259–96. 13th edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429322686-12.

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Barnett, Hilaire. "Devolution and Local Government". W Constitutional and Administrative Law, 245–82. Wyd. 15. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003360438-15.

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Sičáková-Beblavá, Emília, i Matúš Sloboda. "Private Law, Public Control: Municipally Owned Corporations in Slovakia". W Corporatisation in Local Government, 143–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09982-3_7.

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Silva, Carrie de. "Central and local government". W Galbraith’s Construction and Land Management Law for Students, 44–64. Seventh edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003029250-4.

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Hawkins, W. Thomas. "Local government land use powers". W Land Use Law in Florida, 20–24. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003108603-4.

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Bosanquet, Helen. "The Poor Law and Local Government". W The Philosophy of the State and the Practice of Welfare, ch4–266—ch4–280. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003100843-19.

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Stanton, John. "Local government, subsidiarity, and the Constitution". W Law, Localism, and the Constitution, 76–94. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429426216-4.

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Mansergh, Nicholas. "The Judicature, The Law and Local Government". W The Government of Northern Ireland, 262–84. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003326069-12.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "And Local Government Law"

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Utoyo, Marsudi. "Local Government and Illegal Drilling". W 2018 International Conference on Energy and Mining Law (ICEML 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceml-18.2018.45.

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Setyowati, Peni. "THE COOPERATION BETWEEN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND FOREIGN INSTITUTIONSTHE COOPERATION BETWEEN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND FOREIGN INSTITUTIONS". W International Conference on Law, Governance and Globalization 2017 (ICLGG 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iclgg-17.2018.30.

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Arbi, Aulia. "Role of Local Government in The Implementation of Good Government". W Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Law, Social Science, Economics, and Education, MALAPY 2022, 28 May 2022, Tegal, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.28-5-2022.2320564.

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Junaenah, Inna. "Sustainable Village Development in Indonesia: Shaping Participatory Sub-local Government through Human Rights-based Approach". W International Law Conference 2018. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010050401370145.

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Hrechyshnykova, V. V. "Providing the implementation of the authority of local self-government bodies in the decentralization process". W THE LATEST LAW DEVELOPMENTS. Baltija Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-432-0-21.

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Lee, Robert W. "Geographic information systems (GIS): local government and law enforcement--partners in technology". W Enabling Technologies for Law Enforcement and Security, redaktorzy Trudy K. Overlin i Kathryn J. Stevens. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.263466.

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Djatmiati, Tatiek, Tahegga Alfath i Tresna Fahrudin. "Forecasting Public Services Maladministration in Local Government". W Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Business, Law And Pedagogy, ICBLP 2019, 13-15 February 2019, Sidoarjo, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.13-2-2019.2286166.

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Yuniza, Mailinda Eka, Melodia Puji Inggarwati i Ni Nengah Dhea Riska Putri Nandita. "Government Policy on Refocusing Activity and Re-allocation Budget of Local Government in Pandemic and New Normal Period". W 2nd Riau Annual Meeting on Law and Social Sciences (RAMLAS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220406.019.

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Yuvsechko, Ya V. "The rule of law under martial law: aspects of the activities of local government bodies in Ukraine". W ЗАКАРПАТСЬКІ ПРАВОВІ ЧИТАННЯ. ПРАВО ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ СТІЙКОСТІ ТА РОЗВИТКУ В УМОВАХ СУЧАСНИХ ЦИВІЛІЗАЦІЙНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ. ЧАСТИНА 2. Liha-Pres, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36059/978-966-397-298-5-107.

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Kolesnikov, Andrey V. "Strategic Directions To Apply Information Resources In Local Government System". W International Scientific and Practical Conference «State and Law in the Context of Modern Challenges. European Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2022.01.50.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "And Local Government Law"

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Bailey, Moriah, Stephanie Bernard, Amanda Brown i Bruce Donald. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Home Rule State Law Fact Sheet. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U.S.), grudzień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:122714.

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This Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Home Rule State Law Fact Sheet discusses the collection of laws related to local government autonomy to establish and fund local EMS for five US states: Alabama, California, Georgia, Massachusetts, and Ohio. This fact sheet walks through the types of state laws analyzed by public health attorneys between January 2021 and January 2022.
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Ferrari, Sergio. Local Government in Brazil and Switzerland : A Comparative Study on Merger an Inter-Municipal Cooperation. Fribourg (Switzerland): IFF, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.51363/unifr.diff.2015.06.

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This text is the result of a comparative research on local government in Brazil and Switzerland, with emphasis on the themes of creation and merger of municipalities and inter-municipal cooperation. The first chapter contains a theoretical study on the relationship between local government and federalism, as well as a brief analysis of the constitutional profile of municipalities in various countries. In the second and third chapters are explained profiles of municipalities respectively in Brazil and Switzerland. In the fourth chapter a comparison is made between these profiles, especially in the chosen subjects (merger and inter-municipal cooperation). In the conclusion, taking the precautions needed in any study of comparative law, are exposed some ideas for improvement of local government in both countries.
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Vergani, Matteo, Angelique Stefanopoulos, Alexandra Lee, Haily Tran, Imogen Richards, Dan Goodhardt i Greg Barton. Defining and identifying hate motives: bias indicators for the Australian context. Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies, listopad 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56311/pozs1016.

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This report presents bias indicators for the Australian context and discusses their concept, uses, benefits and risks. The bias indicators we present are the result of extensive consultations with local experts including academics and practitioners working in law enforcement agencies, government and non-government organisations and community organisations. Trigger warning: this report discusses multiple forms of trauma, hate, and discrimination, including physical violence, racism, and homophobia.
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Delbridge, Victoria, Astrid Haas, Oliver Harman, Anthony Venables i Khady Dia-Sarr. Enhancing the financial position of cities: Evidence from Dakar. UNHabitat, marzec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-igc-wp_2022/3.

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The city of Dakar is one of the only cities in Africa to come close to taking a municipal bond to market. The US$40 million bond, set to launch in 2014, was designed to fund a new market hall for informal traders in the city. The market would relocate more than 4,000 street vendors, with the aim of moving them from side streets into a safe and central place to sell their goods, with access to credit agencies and other market services. Development partners, including the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the World Bank’s Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF), Cities Alliance, and USAID, played a crucial role in making the bond terms viable – both in shouldering the financial burden of developing internal creditworthiness, and in providing expertise and guarantees to reduce the risk. Although the bond’s launch was ultimately stopped by national government decree, the process of preparing for the bond has greatly improved the financial management capabilities and creditworthiness of the city. As a result, Dakar’s bond journey is still paying dividends to the city today, with a number of successful concessional and commercial loans. The process also deepened the city’s connection with its residents – with small bond denominations, informal traders were one of the key investors. The motivation for the bond was in part due to the city’s lack of control over its financial resources. While the most recent decentralisation law amendment, Acte III de la Décentralisation of 2013, has seen many responsibilities devolved to the local level, finances to deliver on this new mandate have not followed. In fact, all revenue and expenditure for local governments in Senegal are processed at the national level, leaving little room or incentive for financial reform. Surprisingly, despite this, the law gives local governments relative independence in taking on debt. This meant that when Mayor Sall came into office with a vision for change, the only viable financing opportunity within the city of Dakar’s control was via the latter. This legislated independence is also the reason why the halting of the bond was so heavily contested. The city of Dakar provides an example of the importance of the political landscape in effecting any innovative reforms, as well as the need for the national government to buy-in to the fact that successful cities are in their interest as well. This is particularly critical in Dakar’s case, given the city’s finances are managed at the national level. Fortuitously, the national government is now beginning to focus on improving local revenues, primarily through property taxes, as well as better coordination amongst different stakeholders through a dedicated department and the ‘Local Fiscality Commissions’ described below.
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Ardanaz, Martín, Susana Otálvaro-Ramírez i Carlos Scartascini. Research Insights: Does Citizen Participation in Budget Allocation Increase Trust in Government? Inter-American Development Bank, czerwiec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013028.

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Providing detailed information about citizen involvement and budget allocation has a positive effect on citizen opinion regarding the actions of local government and on trust in politicians. Citizen participation in and dissemination of such programs can improve budget allocation both directly and through their impact on trust. Since participation in these programs is low and self-selection may occur, their impact may be limited without informational campaigns.
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van Ravens, Jan, Luis Crouch, Katherine Merseth King, Elisa A. Hartwig i Carlos Aggio. The Preschool Entitlement: A Locally Adaptable Policy Instrument to Expand and Improve Preschool Education. RTI Press, styczeń 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2023.op.0082.2302.

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Only three out of five children are enrolled in preschool globally, and only one out of five in low-income countries, yet the expansion of preschool education came to a near standstill in 2020. To restart it, we propose a policy instrument called the Preschool Entitlement. It entails the right of every child to 600 hours of quality government-funded preschool education per year (3 hours per day, 5 days per week, 40 weeks per year). Existing preschool institutions and other organizations with legal status (public, private, faith- or community-based) can offer the child development program after a process of rigorous accreditation to ensure quality, inclusion, and safety. In other respects, they will have the freedom to shape the program according to local circumstances and local preferences. This makes it possible to supplement the daily 3 hours with additional hours of childcare that can be financed by families, local government, employers, national associations, faith-based organizations, ministries of social affairs, or others. In this manner, the Preschool Entitlement reconciles local autonomy with governmental responsibility for quality, access, and equity. In low- and middle-income countries, government costs would range from about 0.15 to 0.4 percent of GDP, and the benefits are likely to be significant.
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van Ravens, Jan, Luis Crouch, Katherine Merseth King, Elisa A. Hartwig i Carlos Aggio. The Preschool Entitlement: A Locally Adaptable Policy Instrument to Expand and Improve Preschool Education. RTI Press, styczeń 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2023.op.0082.2301.

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Only three out of five children are enrolled in preschool globally, and only one out of five in low-income countries, yet the expansion of preschool education came to a near standstill in 2020. To restart it, we propose a policy instrument called the Preschool Entitlement. It entails the right of every child to 600 hours of quality government-funded preschool education per year (3 hours per day, 5 days per week, 40 weeks per year). Existing preschool institutions and other organizations with legal status (public, private, faith- or community-based) can offer the child development program after a process of rigorous accreditation to ensure quality, inclusion, and safety. In other respects, they will have the freedom to shape the program according to local circumstances and local preferences. This makes it possible to supplement the daily 3 hours with additional hours of childcare that can be financed by families, local government, employers, national associations, faith-based organizations, ministries of social affairs, or others. In this manner, the Preschool Entitlement reconciles local autonomy with governmental responsibility for quality, access, and equity. In low- and middle-income countries, government costs would range from about 0.15 to 0.4 percent of GDP, and the benefits are likely to be significant.
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Brosio, Giorgio. Reducing Reliance on Natural Resource Revenue and Increasing Subnational Tax Autonomy in Bolivia. Inter-American Development Bank, kwiecień 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011372.

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This paper addresses options for restructuring the revenue system of Bolivia's subnational governments, particularly prefectures, emphasizing reduction of dependence on natural resources and strengthening of subnational tax autonomy. The paper additionally identifies tax instruments or tax bases that could be assigned exclusively to regional governments or shared with the central government, assessing their main advantages and disadvantages through a simulation of revenue generation. The results show that several options exist for increasing the tax autonomy of local governments. The tax instruments proposed in this paper carry relatively low administrative costs. In fact, the taxes proposed would not require the establishment of new agencies but could be collected by existing agencies and, in the case of energy and fuel taxes, by producing and distributing firms.
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Mahoy, James O., i Ernest R. Keucher. Government Contract Law (9th Edition). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, kwiecień 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada200891.

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Delbridge, Victoria, Astrid Haas, Oliver Harman, Dyson Jangia i Anthony Venables. Enhancing the financial position of cities: Evidence from Mzuzu. UNHabitat, marzec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-igc-wp_2022/5.

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The case of Mzuzu illustrates how secondary cities, where revenues are often incredibly low and capacity is minimal, can innovate and lead the way on municipal finance reform. Mzuzu is Malawi’s third largest city. The focus of this case study is a simple and fit-for capacity property valuation system that increased realised revenues seven-fold between 2013 and 2018:1 The Revenue Mobilisation Programme (REMOP). Although the programme was initially seen to be a success, several serious misgivings continue to inhibit further progress. These centre on legal barriers in the current property valuation process in Malawi. More broadly, issues such as revenue pilferage, lack of capacity for financial anagement, land ownership disputes between spheres of government, and national rural bias continue to prevent Mzuzu from achieving a sustainable financial position. For development partners, the example of Mzuzu provides a stark reminder of the vital importance of widespread stakeholder engagement and caution for legal obstacles in order to achieve sustainable project success. It also illustrates the potential of using smaller cities, with more flexibility and somewhat strong incentives for reform, as a useful starting point to trial new revenue enhancement innovations. The Development Fund for Local Authorities (DFLA), a special entity set up for small and low-cost loans to local governments in Malawi, also presents an interesting model for further exploration. By helping local authorities through the process of lending, they are building local government creditworthiness and enabling them to develop systems for future debt finance. Malawi’s cities, being some of the poorest in the world and in a country with relatively low level of urbanisation, are still at the beginning of the development curve. This early stage brings numerous challenges that are yet to be faced as well as an enormous opportunity to learn from the mistakes and successes of other cities in similar contexts. The cities are still at the critical juncture where they can invest in the urban infrastructure essential for livability and productivity before mass settlement takes place.
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