Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Ancient law and social sciences”
Kliknij ten link, aby zobaczyć inne rodzaje publikacji na ten temat: Ancient law and social sciences.
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych artykułów w czasopismach naukowych na temat „Ancient law and social sciences”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj artykuły w czasopismach z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
1
Javid Isazade, Valida. "Semantic evolution of the word “Law”". SCIENTIFIC WORK 56, nr 07 (4.08.2020): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/56/14-20.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The article uncovers the semantic history of the word “law”. In ancient Russian manuscripts the word “law” combined both secular and religious meanings. Semantic structure of the word “law” broadened based on its meanings, used in natural and social sciences. Specialization of this word in jurisprudence facilitated the use of the term “law” for stipulating a normative act. Semantic evolution of the word “law” lead to broadening the area of its usage. Key words: law, custom, inner form of a word, norm, limit, jurisprudence, evolution, semantic structure of a word
2
SLYVKA, Stepan, Taras HARASYMIV, Oksana LEVYTSKA, Maksym KOLYBA i Snizhana PANCHENKO. "Development of Ideas of Philosophy of Law in the Ancient East". WISDOM 20, nr 4 (24.12.2021): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v20i4.502.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Any science striving for the creative development of its content cannot be indifferent to its past, to the history of its ideas, discoveries, and conclusions. This idea is entirely related to the philosophy of law - one of the most ancient sciences of law. With the development of humankind, with the formation of the first states, there is a gradual departure from mythology, which is being replaced by philosophy and religion as forms of social consciousness. Traditions of human life are fixed in their norms. Among the norms, the norms of law also function. In the ancient East states, in which powerful theocratic monarchies took shape, the first philosophical and legal views were also formed. The peculiarity of the development of the coun- tries of the Ancient East, when the state became the owner of the land, slaves, etc., leaves its imprint on the formation of political doctrines about the state aimed at substantiating the despotism and omnipotence of the monarch.
3
KAZATSKYI, V. "The original sources of the idea of human rights and freedoms: from Ancient times to the Renaissance." INFORMATION AND LAW, nr 4(39) (9.12.2021): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37750/2616-6798.2021.4(39).248818.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The article describes that the idea of human rights has ancient roots and is intertwined with the pre-modern doctrines of natural law of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. It is argued that in the context of the historical formation of the ideas of legal regulation of social relations, human rights and freedoms, there are certain connection, logic of succession and the moment of development. The main concepts of the theory of human rights and freedoms are revealed: human, state, right, law.
Keywords: human rights, freedom, justice, society, state.
4
XIN, HUILI, i CHENGYONG XIAO. "THE MODERN VALUE OF MOHIST THEORY IN ANCIENT CHINA". History and Modern Perspectives 4, nr 3 (28.09.2022): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2658-4654-2022-4-3-59-63.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Mozi1 can be described as broad and profound, which covers the natural sciences, philosophy and social sciences, Mozi has made great achievements in mathematics, mechanics, optics, engineering science, etc. In terms of natural science, philosophy and logic, thoughts including «whole world as one community», «homogeneity of benefit and morality», «respect the rules», «peaceful coexistence», «mutual aid» advocated by Mozi, are complementary and consistent with his scientific rationality and scientific spirit. On this basis, Mozi further demonstrated his labor-based and ability-based view, power contract view, view of rule of law, and social overall view, etc. With the serious incompleteness and loss of the documents of Mozi, and the practical rationality and empirical way of thinking of traditional Confucianism have become cultural factors restricting the further development of science, technology and spiritual civilization. So the numerous scientific and technological achievements created by Mozi, and the ideological system of Mohism have not been fully and completely inherited and developed. In a certain sense, the elements of science, democracy and other elements lacking in the feudal social ideology with Confucianism as the mainstream need to be supplemented by the clear scientific rationality and scientific spirit of Mohist. To revitalize traditional culture and promote economic and social development, it is still necessary to continue to excavate and carry forward the scientific rationality and ethical spirit of Mohism.
5
Stefanović, Nenad. "Human rights and the social position of citizens in ancient Rome". Pravo - teorija i praksa 39, nr 3 (2022): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp2203038s.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The paper analyzes the status aspects of human rights during the period of existence of the Roman state. Considering the fact that it was the empire lasted for several centuries, the position of a human in it and his/ her rights changed. The modern understanding of human rights originates from the period of the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, when The School of Natural Law laid the foundations of the understanding of human, natural rights, which did not exist in that form during the ancient period. The primary social differentiation of the population in ancient Rome was based on a simple division of people into free ones and slaves. From this premise, they built the foundations of their rights as well as their social, legal and political positions. In theory, Roman history is chronologically divided into four periods: The period of Kings, The period of the Republic, the Principate and the Dominate. In those periods, the social structure differed significantly. The aim of this paper is to show the position of the population in each of these periods, their rights and mutual relationships. The Roman law represents the cradle of contemporary continental law, and the germ of human rights was "sown" exactly in that period, which, for this reason, deserves to be the subject of a deeper professional analysis.
6
Koroleva, Olga A. "FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FA CHARACTER IN CHINESE CULTURE". Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, nr 4 (18) (2021): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2021-4-97-107.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The paper analyzes the process of formation and development of Chinese character 法 which forms fundamental category of traditional law. Since ancient times, the law has been responsible for the regulation of social relations. It played an important role in shaping the legal culture of the state. The origins of European law are rooted in the legal and political teachings of ancient civilization. Traditional law has long played a prominent role in the life of the state and society in China. The functions of the law were in the methods of government and in the system of punishments. One of the most important features of Chinese culture is that it is closely related to the history of writing. Pictograms are the basis of Chinese characters writing. They originate in the archaic art of ancient China. Ancient signs are one of the main sources of information about ancient Chinese writing. The author analyzes the original image of this character, which was found on the ritual bronze vessel of the Western Zhou dynasty. It includes three main parts. The most interesting is the character of zhi (廌 ), which is translated as “a magic animal”. According to Chinese mythology, it is portrayed as a companion of the judge Gao Yao. It is also a symbol of justice.
7
Zhukov, Vasily I. "Suicide in the paradigm of social addiction and Psychology of Law". Gosudarstvo i pravo, nr 1 (2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520018274-2.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The article reflects one of the fundamental directions of scientific research conducted of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the field of Philosophy, Sociology and Psychology of Law in the context of the history of Russian civilization, the Russian State and the theory of law. The article attempts to theoretically comprehend the phenomenon of suicide from the standpoint of socio-legal addictions (addictions) and deviations (deviations from norms), firstly, as a medical and psychological phenomenon, and secondly, as a person’s reaction to personal adversity, social circumstances, moral, material and other plans. Formulations revealing the essence of suicide are given in the works of ancient thinkers, philosophers, sociologists and jurists of other times. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of suicidal behavior, the extent of the spread of suicide in the history of various civilizations, including the Slavic-Russian-Russian, are summarized. On this basis, the author's idea of suicide is given, based on philosophical, legal and theological teachings, the results of sociological research, official statistics and the conclusions of modern researchers.
8
Tuzov, V. V., i R. R. Mazina. "The Problem of the Stability of the Social System in Ancient Indian Philosophy". Discourse 7, nr 5 (17.11.2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2021-7-5-45-54.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Introduction. The purpose of the article is to show the effect of the law of correspondence as a factor of stability of the social system and the relevance of this problem for ancient Indian philosophy. The problem of the stability of society was not directly considered in ancient Indian philosophy or in modern literature, especially through the prism of the law of correspondence.Methodology and sources. The work uses content analysis, system approach, dialectics and the concept of self-organization. In addition, the main analysis of the problem of stability in ancient Indian philosophy is carried out on the basis of the law of correspondence between the real relations that connect people at a given moment and the essence of the “social”. This law was formulated and proposed by V.V. Tuzov. The essence of the “social” could be conditionally expressed through the concepts of “equality”, “humanism”, mutual assistance, “justice”. Real relations may deviate from the essence, but by a certain amount, a measure. Going beyond the limits of the measure deprives the system of stability, and it becomes uncontrollable. The main source of analysis is the academic edition of the text Arthashastra (ancient Indian political and economic treatise), as well as “History of political and legal doctrines”, “Development of ideas about management in philosophical thought”.Results and discussion. The article analyzes the ancient Indian philosophical texts to reveal in them, in a latent or explicit form, the concern of philosophers with the problem of maintaining the stability of the state and society. Attention is focused on the fact that there is a need to observe the law of conformity in the recommendations for rulers on how to govern the people.Analysis of the main source of ancient Indian philosophy, which deals with the problems of governance, shows that the recommendations to the king, which are set forth by the author of Arthashastra Kautilya, imply, in the end result, the need to maintain a balance of interests between the ruling class and the people, that is, to observe the measure for which society loses its stability due to for the impoverishment of the people. In other words, in the management recommendations, the law of conformity, which was discussed above, appears in a latent form.Conclusion. The problem of the stability of the social system in a class society was and remains extremely relevant. The philosophical law of correspondence between real relations and the essence of social relations, which ensures the stability of society while observing the measure, requires justification. Since the principle of forming relationships and the nature of interaction has remained unchanged for centuries, the reflections of ancient philosophers on management, on the structure of society, on the relationship between different groups in it, and on the interaction of interests, on the one hand, confirm the operation of this law, on the other hand, could be useful for modern management.
9
Kolosov, I. "THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUNDS OF MEDICAL LAW’S ACTS APPEAR IN ANCIENT AGE". National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, nr 1(53) (8.07.2022): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2022.1(53).261124.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Article proposed discusses the problems of historical development of medical and social relations as preconditions for the emergence of norms of medical law in the states of the Ancient World. The purpose of this work is the retrospective review of public relations, which became a prerequisite for the emergence of legal acts in the field of medicine of the ancient world; identification of their regularities, features and dialectical relations; separation of relations in the field of medicine, which, due to their public significance, needed and need legal settlement, in particular, at the expense of labor law; development of author’s conclusions and outlining of perspective directions of further scientific exploration. The research methodology is based on common scientific methods and empirical methods. In particular, it is concluded that the aforesaid relations needed to be regulated by the norms of labor, criminal and administrative law, which created a medical and legal triad of the settlement of public relations in the specified sphere. According to the historical and chronological feature, medical and social relations for the first time were regulated by the norms of labor law (norms on the remuneration of doctors, the Laws of Hamurapi, XVIII century BC). This fact generates a medical and legal paradox, since labor law as an independent branch is not recognized as a scientific doctrine for that period of time, but already in the XVIII century BC there were its subjects (doctors), sources (Laws of Hamurapi) and norms, even in conditions of slave rule. Above leads to certain doubts in the axiomatics of the formation criterion of social development and the correctness of approaches in determining the time of acquisition of independent status by the branch of labor law.
10
Bederman, David J. "The 1871 London Declaration, Rebus Sic Stantibus and A Primitivist View of the Law of Nations". American Journal of International Law 82, nr 1 (styczeń 1988): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2202874.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
International law is the most rarefied of social sciences. Even so, it has scarcely any sense of its intellectual history. International law is finely articulated, oblique in its analysis, and respectful of its position as an arbiter of national competition and conflict. But aside from the casual citation to an ancient arbitration or the consultation of a famous publicist for an essential principle, little credence has been given to its historical development as either a collection of doctrines or a learned study. This article offers both an intellectual history of an international law doctrine and a tour d’horizon of the nature of discourse in our discipline.
11
Zahumenna, Yuliia. "Genesis and evolution of security issues in the history of political and legal thought of Ancient China and Ancient India". Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series "Law", nr 31 (4.08.2021): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2075-1834-2021-31-02.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The article examines the origins of the political and legal tradition of understanding the phenomenon of public safety in the intellectual tradition of the Ancient East. It is shown that the basis for the emergence of a discourse on the security of the individual, society and state were the conditions of practical existence of early state formations, especially the civilizations of ancient India and China. Political and legal thought of the Ancient East stimulated the development of security issues in the context of general ideas about the relationship of terrestrial and extraterrestrial forces in the arrangement of the social organism, in polytogenesis and orthogenesis, as well as in the context of ideas about the relationship between individual, society and state. In ancient Eastern political and legal thought, the question of the role and place of law, legal regulators in ensuring the security of society and the state was far from a final solution. The ancient Eastern tradition did not yet know the final separation of law from the system of socio-normative regulation of social relations. Thus, the right to work closely with customs, rituals, taboos, religious and political norms in ensuring the security of social life. Gradually, in particular on the example of ancient India and China, we can see the increasing attention of ancient Eastern thinkers to the development of state and law issues in security. Legal norms aimed at establishing legal responsibility for the commission of certain offenses by people are beginning to play an important role in this area of security discourse. The security significance of these norms and their role in guaranteeing social peace is understood.
12
Elliott, Charlene. "Purple Pasts: Color Codification in the Ancient World". Law & Social Inquiry 33, nr 1 (29.02.2008): 173–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2008.00097.x.
Pełny tekst źródła
13
Goyal, Pratibha, Mini Goyal i Shailja Goyal. "Consumer Protection Law in Ancient India". Journal of Human Values 19, nr 2 (16.09.2013): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971685813492268.
Pełny tekst źródła
14
Lewis, John David. "CONSTITUTION AND FUNDAMENTAL LAW: THE LESSON OF CLASSICAL ATHENS". Social Philosophy and Policy 28, nr 1 (30.11.2010): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026505251000004x.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractThe question of what constitutions should do is deeply connected to what constitutions are. In the American founding conception, a constitution was a fundamental law, hierarchically superior to the decisions of the legislature, and intended to act as a restraint on legislative action. Despite the massive gulf between the ancient Greeks and the Americans, classical Athens offers an important lesson about how the failure to recognize fundamental laws can lead to catastrophic consequences. The evidence suggests that the Athenians understood the need for conceptual, procedural, and institutional distinctions between the fundamental laws and the more specific decrees of the governing institutions. The Athenian and American experiences also suggest that certain philosophical positions conditioned their understanding of their fundamental laws, and guided the practices that followed from that understanding.
15
Omer, Gedik, i Meiramkul Issayeva. "THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE CONCEPT OF JUSTICE WITH THE PRINCIPLE OF THE RULE OF LAW". Al-Farabi 84, nr 4 (15.12.2023): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/2023.4/1999-5911.13.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The concept of justice is one of the oldest concepts in the history of science. The concept of justice in the works of philosophers of ancient times was supplemented by thinkers of the Middle Ages and the modern era, and took an important place as a research topic in every period of history. To date, although this concept has been extensively studied within the framework of social sciences, it is impossible to give a commonly accepted precise definition of the concept of "justice". In the history of science, the concept of equality has been studied in two directions, that is, justice based on natural law and justice based on positive law. The article examines the etymological root of the word justice and how this concept was interpreted in different historical periods, as well as the relationship between the legal aspect of the concept of justice and the rule of law.
16
Sfârlog, Tudor-Vlad. "The Main Evolution References of Copyright in Antiquity and the Modern Era". Land Forces Academy Review 24, nr 3 (1.09.2019): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/raft-2019-0027.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract The present study integrates into the complex scientific approach of investigating the legal protection of the rights that result from the intellectual creation in the Romanian objective law. In this regard, it analyzes the main evolutionary benchmarks of the protection of intellectual creation from ancient times to the modern era, aiming to highlight the elements of social nature that were the basis of the emergence and development of copyright. At the same time, the scientific approach addresses the issue of the emergence of copyright by combining, through the method of multi-disciplinary scientific research, the legal, social and historical sciences. In the accomplishment of the present scientific approach we used the following scientific research methods: the historical method, the logical method, the deductive-inductive method and the comparative method.
17
Kidd, Ian James, Will Kynes, Laura E. R. Blackie i Kate C. McLean. "Narratives of Adversity and Wisdom in Ancient Ethical and Spiritual Texts". Journal of Value Inquiry 53, nr 3 (wrzesień 2019): 459–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10790-019-09709-1.
Pełny tekst źródła
18
Zahumenna, Yuliia. "Public security in classical ancient greek political and legal thought (teachings of socrates, plato, aristotle)". ScienceRise: Juridical Science, nr 4 (18) (30.12.2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2523-4153.2021.249316.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The aim of the article is to carry out the theoretical and legal analysis of key features of general philosophical and special legal understanding and interpretation of human, social and state security problems in the history of political and legal scholars of ancient times, in particular on the basis of scientific research of ancient Greek authors, opinions of that period, against the background of widespread collective ideas about security as a state of social relations, the condition of human (social) life and/or a kind of social value, objects (spheres) of this security, as well as subjects and regulatory mechanisms to ensure the appropriate state of society and the state. It is shown, that the ancient Greek political and legal thought demonstrates a wide panorama of original views on the formation, development, functioning and guarantee of public and personal, internal and external, military and international, political and economic security in the context of political and legal concepts that reflect complex dialectics. and the interaction of the individual, society, law and the state. It has been found, that the ancient Greek political and legal thought raises questions about the essence of public security. The matter of public security is an essential function of the state, which is realized by it both in the external sphere (military and foreign political security) and within the country (internal or domestic political security). Developed at the theoretical and philosophical level, the idea of good governance (Democritus, Plato, Aristotle, Polybius) is the idea of guaranteeing its security: bad governance - the key to the decline and collapse of the state, the death of its citizens. The philosophical concepts of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle are the most fundamental for the further development of political and legal models of public security
19
Ciesielski, Mariusz. "Zdzisław Zmigryder Konopka – ancient militaty historian, classical philologist, historian of roman law and teacher". Studia Europaea Gnesnensia 24, nr 24 (27.12.2022): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/seg.2022.24.8.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Zdzisław Zmigryder-Konopka, Warsaw philologist, historian of the antique military, Roman law and teacher, engaged with antiquity in many ways during his scholarly and teaching career. Above all, however, he was trained as a philologist and for a certain period (when not employed at the university) he was even a teacher of Latin and Greek in secondary schools, where he enjoyed recognition among pupils and students. In his research work – interrupted by his untimely passing – he focused on Roman history, but his studies spanned a broad chronological timeframe and diverse range of topics, namely Roman law (social and constitutional) and military history. He was a man utterly fascinated by his field and working with young people, not to mention his public activism. He was the type of true humanist whose values, formed and embraced during university studies, shaped and permanently influenced his attitude to life. In the final period of his life, with the rise of anti-Semitism and growing threat of war, Zdzisław Zmigryder-Konopka became a member of the National Committee for Aid to Jewish Refugees from Germany. In addition, he became involved with the Social Committee for the Defence of the State as part of the Jewish Community in Warsaw. After the outbreak of the war, he volunteered to fight in the September campaign, and after it ended he arrived in Lwów to become a lecturer at the Jan Kazimierz University. Though affected by poor health and chronic illness, his death on 4 November 1939 still came as a surprise. Discussed more broadly in this paper, Zmigryder-Konopka’s “Battle in the Teutoburg Forest” relied on an analysis of source text to deliver a substantive response to the assertions published in German scholarly literature of the 1930s, which eulogized Germanic past in European history following Germany’s defeat in the Great War of 1914-1918 and Adolf Hitler’s rise to power.
20
LeFebvre, Michelle J., Jon M. Erlandson i Scott M. Fitzpatrick. "Archaeology as Sustainability Science: Perspectives from Ancient Island Societies". Sustainability 14, nr 15 (6.08.2022): 9689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159689.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Humans and the diverse ecosystems we inhabit face numerous sustainability challenges due to climate change, rising seas, population growth, overfishing, natural habitat destruction, accelerating extinctions, and more. As an interdisciplinary paradigm that leverages both natural and social sciences to better understand linkages between humans and the environment, sustainability science focuses on how these connections shape understandings of and approaches to sustainability challenges. Here, we argue that archaeology and historical ecology are essential components of sustainability science. We view sustainability as a long-term process where historical sciences are critical to effectively measuring where we stand today and modeling future trajectories based on the baselines from the past that archaeology and historical ecology provide. We demonstrate that islands around the world are central to this endeavor because they serve as model systems that can capture the timing of human arrival, subsequent effects of cultural behaviors on pristine environments, and how humans adapted, survived, and often thrived for centuries or millennia. These cases provide important lessons about human responses in the past to similar challenges that we now currently face. In the uncertain futures of the Anthropocene, such historical baselines will contribute significantly to scientific approaches for building more resilient and sustainable societies.
21
Bandžović, Sead. "Ropstvo u Antičkom Rimu". Historijski pogledi 6, nr 9 (20.06.2023): 391–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2023.6.9.391.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The institution of slavery was characteristic of all the civilizations from Mediterranean basin in ancient times. However, slavery had its widest application in the Roman state, for which it was of immense importance, since slaves were seen as the driving force of Roman social and economic system. Slaves (servus, puer) were treated as “speaking tools” (instrumentum vocale). The position of the individual in the Roman state was regulated in detail, and there were three special positions: status civitatis (Roman citizen or foreigner), status familiae (elder of the family or its member under the rule of pater familias) and status libertatis (slave or free man). Slaves had a special legal status in Roman law at the time. Unlike animals and things over which power was referred to as domicium, this was about power over man, so the term domicia potestas was used. In the initial stages of the development of state and the law, they were viewed exclusively as property, without any personal, property or other rights. Thus the puer could not be a party to the proceedings, and his union with the slave girl was treated as a de facto union (contubernium), not as a valid marriage. He could only improve the position of his master, and if the servus would cause some damage to a third party, the master was not obliged to eliminate it, but according to Aquilius law of damage from 287 AD there was a possibility of handing over the slave to the injured party according to the principles of noxal liability. An individual could find himself in the status of a slave in three ways: by falling into captivity in war, by being born to a slave mother (vernae) or by losing his freedom as a form of sanction. In addition to private and royal, there were also so-called public slaves (servi publici). Their owner was not a private person, but a wider social community, and power over them was officially exercised by the Roman people (populus Romanus), civilian authorities in municipalities or colonies in Italy and its provinces. Servi publici were most often employed by magistrates or priests, and they also worked as guardians of various Roman buildings: basilicas, temples, archives and libraries. Roman law also knew of other forms of subordination that were not a form of slavery but states similar to it. The first aspect referred to persons in mancipio who were handed over by the pater famillias through mancipation to another elder as labor or to avoid tortious liability. The second case concerned addictus. Under the old civil law (ius civile) the addictus was a debtor in a certain obligatory relationship where, in case of non-payment of his obligation, he would be assigned to the creditor. The creditor had to keep him in the so-called creditor’s imprisonment for 60 days, until a guarantor appeared or the debt was repaid. If this did not happen, the debtor could be killed or sold as a slave. Persons redeemed from captivity (redempti ab hostibus) could be held captive by the redeemer until the ransom is paid either in money or by the work of the redeemed person. During the period of the empire, the duration of captivity of this kind could last for a maximum of 5 years. Gai Institutiones also classified auctoratus in these states. These included men, women and minor children who undertook to work for a person for a certain period of time (iudicati). Liberation from slavery was done through a special legal procedure (manumissio). In the early epochs of the ius civile, it was of an extremely formal nature, and with later praetorian activity this formalism was abandoned and replaced by new, more efficient legal means.
22
Fruchter, Joshua. "Doctors On Trial: A Comparison of American and Jewish Legal Approaches to Medical Malpractice". American Journal of Law & Medicine 19, nr 4 (1993): 453–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800010133.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The recent and continual call for tort reform has many scholars proposing alternatives to current U.S. medical malpractice law. Most commentators limit their discussions to variations of the two Anglo Saxon theories of liability — negligence and strict liability. Little has been written examining the legal treatment of medical malpractice in other cultures. This article compares and contrasts Jewish and American medical malpractice law, examining both the contemporary and ancient sources of the law.
23
Pokorný, Martin. "Translation of Jan Patočka’s “Galileo Galilei and the end of the ancient cosmos”". Studies in East European Thought 73, nr 3 (wrzesień 2021): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11212-021-09419-0.
Pełny tekst źródła
24
Miao, Chungang. "The Reflection on Western Evolution of the Right of Personality". Asian Social Science 13, nr 8 (24.07.2017): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n8p183.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In the period of ancient Greece and the ancient Rome the sprout of the right of personality appeared. The modern renaissance, enlightenment, religious reform contributed to the formation of the modern civil law, and the rational personality can be established. On the basis of above, modern western legislation of rights of personality has different paradigms, such as France, Germany and Switzerland. Although the protection modes of all countries are very different, the idea of equal protection of personality are the same.
25
Boyko, Ihor. "FORMATION OF STATEHOOD AND LAW ON THE TERRITORY OF MODERN UKRAINE IN ANCIENT TIMES". Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Law 73, nr 73 (30.11.2021): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vla.2021.73.014.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The preconditions for the formation of statehood and law on the territory of modern Ukraine in ancient times are analyzed. The place and role of ancient states and the right to the territory of Ukraine in the centuries-old history of nation-building are determined. Emphasis is placed on the fact that in the first millennium BC, the lands of modern Ukraine were inhabited by various ethnic communities, peoples, tribes, waves of numerous nomads who came into contact with each other, influenced economic, social, cultural development, including the early Slavic population of the Middle Dnieper. It is shown that an important role in this process of mutual influence and enrichment was played by the state formations that were formed at this time on the territory of Ukraine: the Scythian state, the Greek city-states of the Northern Black Sea coast, the Bosporus Kingdom. It is noted that stable economic and political relations between these state centers and militant steppes, as well as farmers of the Ukrainian Polissya and Forest-Steppe arose and developed, which in turn required legal regulation of civil and other legal relations. It is emphasized that at that time the elements of norms and institutions of legal regulation of civil, criminal and procedural relations are emerging and developing. An important place in the formation of legal regulation of social relations in the Ukrainian lands in the period under study was played by the highly developed Roman private law at that time. It is substantiated that a significant place in the history of the development of statehood and law on the territory of modern Ukraine in ancient times was occupied by the Slavs, who were first mentioned in written sources at the turn of our era. They were indigenous to Eastern Europe and lived here in the Early Iron Age. However, in historical sources of the time they were called Scythians. Yet, some researchers believe that the Scythians were Slavs. From the beginning of the 1st millennium BC, the Slavs appear in written sources under the name of the Venetians. According to the ancient authors, the Venetians occupied lands in the Vistula basin, from the northern slopes of the Carpathians to the Baltic, and were neighbors of the Germanic, Sarmatian and Finnish tribes. The entire northern and western parts of modern Ukraine at that time were inhabited by Slavic (Venetian) tribes. A bit later, along with the Venetians, two new names for written Slavs appeared in written sources: Antes and Sclaveni. Although the meaning and origin of these terms are still unclear, they are the first to reflect the division of the Slavs into Western (Sclaveni) and Eastern (Antes). The latter lived on lands between the Dnieper and the Dniester, their territory also covered the Left Bank of the Dnieper. In fact, researchers consider Antes-Slavs to be the first reliable ancestors of Ukrainians. Thus, a well-known ethnologist and archaeologist, professor with a world authority U.V. Shcherbakovsky (1856–1957) believed that the name «antes» was called a group of Ukrainian tribes, and the Antes, according to M. Hrushevsky (natives of Trypillia tribes), were the ancestors of Ukrainians. The process of state formation of the Ants did not find its end. The Slavic-Avar wars, in which the Antes took an active part, led to the beginning of the 7th century. before the collapse of the Antes state. Under the blows of the Avars, the state of Antes ceased to exist in 602. It is noted that the most active state-building processes in the Ukrainian lands in the early Middle Ages took place in the 8th – 9th centuries which resulted in the formation of the Kyivan-Rus’ state – Ukraine-Rus’ with its center in Kyiv.
26
Borokh, Olga N. "Ancient Chinese economic thought and the French academic context of the 1930s: Li Zhaoyi’s doctoral thesis". Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, nr 4 (2021): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080015545-6.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The article examines the contribution of the Chinese researcher of the first half of the 20th century Li Zhaoyi to the study of the impact of ancient Chinese thought on the economic doctrine of the French physiocrats. An interpretation of the schools of Taoism, Confucianism and Legalism as carriers of the idea of natural law, which became fundamental for physiocrats, is highlighted as a key feature of Li Zhaoyi’s academic concept. The interpretation of the Chinese teachings on morality, ritual, the way-Tao, and the law-Fa as different understandings of natural law was aimed at demonstrating the Chinese influence on the European thought of the Enlightenment. A distinctive feature of Li Zhaoyi’s research was the use of European concepts, primarily anarchism and individualism, to discuss the specifics of ancient Chinese thought through comparisons with the ideas of J.J. Rousseau, P.A. Kropotkin, M.A. Bakunin, M. Stirner. The increasing attention to the legacy of Li Zhaoyi in modern China is due to the growing interest in the problem of the recognition of Chinese concepts by the global academic community. Li Zhaoyi’s name was mentioned by well-known economist J.A. Schumpeter. The influence on the French physiocrats was a rare case of China’s contribution to the development of world economic science that is expected to provide inspiration for future intercultural interactions. It is concluded that the official policy of introducing “philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics” to the outside world will help to maintain interest in the history of China’s influence on European thought.
27
Gul, Rehna, i Abdallah Mohamed Othman El Nofely. "THE FUTURE OF LAW FROM THE JURISPRUDENCE PERSPECTIVE FOR EXAMPLE :THE INFLUENCE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY TO LAW, AI LAW". Journal Equity of Law and Governance 1, nr 1 (23.04.2021): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.55637/elg.1.1.3249.77-83.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The field of law is as old as the human civilization. In the ancient Holy Scriptures, the laws of humans, God made Laws, laws of nature, cultural laws, trade laws etc. have been discussed around the world. Even in the stone ages humans were following certain principles and laws which were the basis of law. This article touches the historical perspective, present scenario and future of law. Especially the use of technology in law has brought a revolutionary change in recent decades. The computers, cell phones, social media, internet as a whole, Google play store applications, laptops, i pods and various other devices have made significant changes in old practices and present-day practices in the field of law. Hence, the research aim is a consideration material in making future laws about AI in order to protect Artificial Intelligence users around the world. The research methods and techniques have been made simple. This is a fast world in which we are living. No one has time for anything in this era. With the use of technology many time-consuming activities can be performed in minutes and seconds in this era. We are heading in a direction of more human friendly and time saving environment. Although humans in different parts of the world have different cultures, norms, ethics, eating habits, religions, physical appearances and opinions but there are certain norms and international practices which are widely accepted around the world.
28
Koirala, Kamal Prasad, i Shurendra Ghimire. "Science Embedded Vedic Philosophy and Educational Implications". Shanti Journal 2, nr 1 (6.04.2023): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/shantij.v2i1.53748.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This study focuses on the Vedas, considering the earliest literary record of Hindu philosophy, a number of concepts related to science are found embedded in the Vedic texts, and there are many its educational implications for Nepal. The Veda is the original scripture containing spiritual as well as scientific knowledge encompassing all aspects of human life. The main aim of this study is to find out the certain concepts of science in Vedic scripture and see their educational implications. The scientific notion embedded in the Veda has been searched with a hermeneutic approach from Vedic hymns and commentaries. The ancient seers had recognised the scientific value of natural forces and they commended them as deities. Beyond this, they have formulated the universal law of heavenly forces and human beings. Moreover, the Veda is accepted as the most ancient and sacred text that has been guiding not only the cultural, religious and spiritual lives of Hindu people but also their thinking, inquiry and wisdom, encouraging its readers for social harmony, balance and multiplicity. And therefore, we recommend scientific ideas from the Vedic texts should be incorporated in the school curriculum of Nepal.
29
Szakolczai, Arpad. "In Pursuit of the `Good European' Identity". Theory, Culture & Society 24, nr 5 (wrzesień 2007): 47–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276407081282.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This article argues that Nietzsche’s preoccupation with the figure of Dionysos can be best understood as a visionary insight concerning the distant roots of European culture in Minoan civilization. While the opportunity offered by the discovery of ancient Crete for continuing Nietzsche’s genealogical work into the sources of Greek culture was ignored by the vast archive of literature on Nietzsche, this project was pursued in a book by the mythologist Károly Kerényi, published posthumously. Using the classic work of Henrietta Groenewegen- Frankfort, this article identifies the ‘spirit’ of Minoan Crete with its attempt to manifest the gracefulness of life. The sudden emergence of Minoan Palace civilization, its peaceful character shown by the absence of fortified walls, and the importance of epiphany scenes in various works of art all indicate the centrality of religion for ancient Crete. The article offers the hypothesis that the origins of this culture can be traced to similar transcendental experiences such as those in ancient Judaism. The basic difference is that in the Cretan case epiphanies were connected to female figures, leading not to a prophetic tradition of divine grace through the revealed word and public law, rather the transmission of a secret tradition and the manifestation of its truth through spectacular public rituals and graceful works of art. While direct awareness of Minoan civilization was lost, its central concern survived in the value attributed to the manifestation of radiant, indestructible truth, a central characteristic of European identity, periodically revitalized in a series of renascences.
30
Holder, Jane, i Donald McGillivray. "Recognising an Ecological Ethic of Care in the Law of Everyday Shared Spaces". Social & Legal Studies 29, nr 3 (9.07.2019): 379–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663919858703.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Law plays a vital role in the life and loss of open shared spaces, used and enjoyed on an everyday basis by local people. In this article, we adopt an analytical framework based on an ethic of care to critique the registration of land as a ‘town or village green’, using the example of an inquiry into the greens status of an ancient woodland. Analysing written and oral witness statements in this inquiry makes clear the centrality of such places in many people’s lives, giving rise to community-based, and forward-looking, interests. However, the legal focus upon quantitative assessments of individuals’ use of land in the recent past means that the prospective consequences of losing such valued areas are currently poorly acknowledged, and accounted for, in the registration process. This leads to the question whether an ethic of care towards everyday shared spaces may be better recognised via more deliberative plan-making regimes.
31
Gul, Rehna, i Abdallah Mohamed Othman El Nofely. "The Future Of Law From The Jurisprudence Perspective For Example: The Influence Of Science & Technology To Law, AI Law". Sociological Jurisprudence Journal 4, nr 2 (6.09.2021): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/scj.4.2.2021.99-104.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The field of law is as old as the human civilization. In the ancient Holy Scriptures the laws of humans, God made Laws, laws of nature, cultural laws, trade laws etc. have been discussed around the world. Even in the stone ages humans were following certain principles and laws which were the basis of law. The sense of right and wrong, truth and lie, positive and negative and so on is something engraved in the humans. Although there is another aspect that some humans consider the wrong as right and right as wrong. There have been different eras in which the scholars of law have made their valuable contributions in their respective societies and communities. The scholars of law are widely known as jurists of law and their contribution has evolved the philosophy of law which is called the Jurisprudence of law. The world in which we are living has laws which have basis from the contributions of renowned scholars of law from different cultures and parts of the world. This article touches the historical perspective, present scenario and future of law. Especially the use of technology in law has brought a revolutionary change in recent decades. The computers, cell phones, social media, internet as a whole, Google play store applications, laptops, i pods and various other devices have made significant changes in old practices and present day practices in the field of law. The judges, law teachers, professors, lawyers, litigants and all persons associated with them are taking immaculate advantage of technology in the field of law. The research methods and techniques have been made simple. This is a fast world in which we are living. No one has time for anything in this era. With the use of technology many time consuming activities can be performed in minutes and seconds in this era. We are heading in a direction of more human friendly and time saving environment. Although humans in different parts of the world have different cultures, norms, ethics, eating habits, religions, physical appearances and opinions but there are certain norms and international practices which are widely accepted around the world. Probably the future of law cannot be predicted at this moment of time because sometimes what the eyes see cannot be spoken rather it can only be seen with the passage of time.
32
Janialdi Apner, Grets. "RECONSTRUCTION OF SOCIAL THEOLOGY BASED ON TORAH REGARDING CHRISTIAN PRESENCE IN THE ISSUES OF VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS". Jurnal Teologi 11, nr 1 (25.05.2022): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/jt.v11i01.4434.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This article offers a reconstruction of social theology in Christianity as a theological response to human rights violations in Indonesia. Human rights are universal and fundamental in humanity issues that can be a locus for Christians to do theology. For this reason, any forms of human rights violation are not just a violation of law and social orders but also theological issues that require an earnest response from religious people, including Christians. Therefore, the reconstruction of social theology in this writing will be using the biblical study method of the Torah and its role in the ancient Israelites’ context and a critical analysis of the concept of Christian presence. In these two interrelated methods, the author wants to define the Christianity values, which indicate theological positions towards human rights violations in Indonesia, and point out the Christians’ characteristics that present faith works and the integrity of life. This writing then consists of three parts. The first part explains the concept of human rights and a portrait of human rights violations in Indonesia. Second is the Torah’s proper hermeneutics and role in the ancient Israelites. Third, at last, a critical analysis of the concept of Christian presence as the embodiment of faith concerning human rights violations. The Christian presence in the human rights issues, especially in human rights violations, is not only a social responsibility as Christians before God but also a tangible manifestation of faith in the context of Indonesia. Therefore, the author argues that it is essential for Christians to develop their sensitivity and actively respond to human rights violations.
33
Harekrushna Mishra i Gunadhara Bhandary. "Laws on Economic Security: An Analytical Study of Some Ancient Indian Law Books". SIASAT 7, nr 3 (13.07.2022): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/siasat.v7i3.128.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The king or the master of a Nation did not want to see any kind of misery for his subjects. It may be thought that if people are in a problem then they will go to the king as if a son goes to the father for the solutions. Then the king will be the part of the problem and he has to pay attention to it. But if there is less or no problem in his state then the king also can think about the prosperity of the state. This can be experienced in the history of medieval India. There was continuous fighting between the Indian Kings as well as the wars between Islamic invaders and indigenous Hindu Kings. During this period almost all kings deviated from the developmental agenda and as a result, the common man, as well as the weaker section, became weaker and India became economically backward. This paper intends to through a fresh light on the so called dark side of the Hindu social system.
34
Hacker, Daphna. "Soulless Wills". Law & Social Inquiry 35, nr 04 (2010): 957–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2010.01210.x.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
By analyzing wills submitted for execution to Israeli tribunals in the years 2000–2004, this article offers insights into the process of the legalization of death and family relations. The length, aesthetics, phrasing, and contents of the wills examined are all evidence of a process in which the personal wishes of testators are transformed into a standardized legal document that tells very little about the individual testator. The rarity of cases in which testators do use their wills to disclose personal sentiments and thoughts highlights the neglected potential of wills to constitute a unique, personal, and emotional parting statement. The article demonstrates that this potential embodies the different ways in which wills were perceived in ancient times. Inspired by these past and present examples and on the basis of a bifocal relational perception of inheritance, I argue that lawyers should adopt a broader human understanding of wills and offer their clients the option of leaving behind a will with a soul.
35
Yevhen, Rominskyi. "Some features of the private treaties of Old Rus of the princely era as sources of law". Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, nr 31 (2020): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/0869-2491-2020-31-180-190.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Introduction. The article gives an assessment, from the point of view of law, of the development of the Old Rus private legal acts as a source of law, the attention is drawn to the social and legal causes of its evolution. The aim of the article. The research proposes to apply the existing theoretical developments on the role of the treaty as a source of law in pre- and early-state societies to the information about the private legal acts of Old Rus of the princely era. It also covers the development of written private legal acts in the aforementioned days under the influence of ideas about law and legislation of the time. Methods and results. In the last hundred years, the national and Soviet legal sciences have paid particular attention to the problem of contractual relations in potestary societies. Concepts have been developed on the role of the treaty as a leading source of regulating the relations between particular strata (tribes, tribes, communities, social states, etc.) before the emergence and strengthening of the state. It is noted that the normativity of such treaties was provided by the very fact of their recognition by the state (court) as proper sources. In turn, in the conditions of weakness of legislative regulation, the treaties acted not so much as acts of enforcement, as they combined several features inherent in different types of acts: private and public-law, including rulemaking. Such features were especially inherent in the treaties of the medieval era. These theoretical provisions can be combined with the available information about the social system, law and acts of Old Rus of the princely era, that is, the period from the rise of the East Slavic proto-state formation of the Rurik princes and to the middle of the XIV century. when social processes in the Old Rus began to evolve dynamically under the influence of external and internal factors. The rapid progress of the study of ancient Russian heritage by special historical disciplines, such as archeology, sigillography, diplomacy, etc., contributes to such research. The emergence of new primary sources allows us to review the earlier ideas about the nature of an ancient private act and its significance in the coverage of the historical and legal reality of Old Rus of the princely era. Conclusions. Particular attention is paid to conciliation treaties (ryadnye gramoty) in comparison with other private legal acts. Of particular interest is the consolidation in their texts of public-law sanctions unknown to other sources. The assumption is made about the origin of such sanctions from a certain written legal text, which has led to the widespread geographical distribution of such rare documents. The characteristic of princely legislation is given, in particular the weight is given to its extreme personification, when the acts of one prince were not of fundamental importance to the new one. Attention is also paid to the problem of unreliable obedience and the ways to solve it.
36
Orr, Leonard. "Vico'sMost ancient Italian wisdom and the epistemology of Joyce'sFinnegans wake". Neohelicon 14, nr 1 (marzec 1987): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02093019.
Pełny tekst źródła
37
Bishop, Ryan, i John W.P. Phillips. "Violence". Theory, Culture & Society 23, nr 2-3 (maj 2006): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276406063782.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Violence is spoken of in several senses but its most basic definition, as a force exerted by one thing on another, harbors serious problems, especially when it comes to a consideration of its source or cause. We begin this article by identifying some of the aporias of violence with reference to philosophical and religious discourses and then we go on to analyze how violence problematizes concepts of law and justice in world historical contexts. We examine several traditions including Indo-European mythology, as well as Hindu, Taoist, and ancient Greek philosophy, before addressing the concept of violence in modern thought, as a revision of Christianity. We conclude with some discussion of epistemological violence and its critics.
38
Kleandrov, Mikhail I. "On the fundamental science of law and some of its directions". Gosudarstvo i pravo, nr 2 (2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520018755-1.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The article deals with the problems of science as a form of cognition of the surrounding world in terms of systematization of knowledge about the laws of nature, society, the state, thinking. The assumption is justified on the basis of scientific knowledge of the world in the initial phase of the emergence of human civilization: from the discovery of fire (science) and with the regulation of relations in each primitive social formation through education it practices and the consequent formation mechanism of interpersonal non-violent method of resolving disputes, quarrels and conflicts (socio-humanistic Sciences). When considering the problems of fundamental, search and applied science, the author notes that the organizational forms of science (academic, University, industry and – this is new – individual) are not “tied” to the types of research. Fundamental science, including the science of law, – is, in the author's opinion, a search in the field of obscurity, a problem of the over-horizon level. At the same time, there are those areas of fundamental science of law that arose from ancient times and continue to be relevant today, and they will be in the indefinite future. As an example of this trend, the author considers the problem of property rights in symbiosis with the problem of justice, in particular, asks the question: what subject of law in our country today owns natural resources by right of ownership? The author believes that the answer here should be based on constitutional provisions, but the current Constitution of the Russian Federation does not contain a direct fixing of this property, which leads to serious negative consequences, which is outlined in this work. The very constitutional basis for regulating these relations should be based on the principles of justice, and all subsequent legislation should comply with it.
39
Roback, Jennifer. "Plural but Equal: Group Identity and Voluntary Integration". Social Philosophy and Policy 8, nr 2 (1991): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500001138.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
During this period, when disciples were growing in number, a grievance arose on the part of those who spoke Greek, against those who spoke the language of the Jews; they complained that their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution.When Americans think of ethnic conflict, conflict between blacks and whites comes to mind most immediately. Yet ethnic conflict is pervasive around the world. Azerbijanis and Turks in the Soviet Union; Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland; Arabs and Jews in the Middle East; Maoris and English settlers in New Zealand; Muslims and Hindus in India and Pakistan; French and English speakers in Quebec; Africans, Afrikaaners, and mixed-race people in South Africa, in addition to the tribal warfare among the Africans themselves: these are just a few of the more obvious conflicts currently in the news. We observe an even more dizzying array of ethnic conflicts if we look back just a few years. Japanese and Koreans; Mongols and Chinese; Serbs and Croats; Christians and Buddhists in Viet Nam: these ancient antagonisms are not immediately in the news, but they could erupt at any time. And the history of the early Christian Church recounted in the Acts of the Apostles reminds us that suspicion among ethnic groups is not a modern phenomenon; rather, it is ancient.The present paper seeks to address the problem of ethnic conflict in modern western democracies. How can our tools and traditions of participatory governments, relatively free markets, and the common law contribute to some resolution of the ancient problems that we find within our midst? In particular, I want to focus here on the question of ethnic integration.
40
Lewandowski, Ignacy. "„Sbigneis” Mikołaja Kotwicza ze Żnina, czyli niedokończone dzieło epickie o prymasie Zbigniewie Oleśnickim". Studia Europaea Gnesnensia 24, nr 24 (27.12.2022): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/seg.2022.24.6.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Mikołaj Kotwicz of Żnin (c. 1440–1507) studied law at the Jagiellonian University and probably graduated in Bologna, where he earned a doctor’s degree. Having returned to his country, he was ordained a priest and found employment at the court of Zbigniew Oleśnicki, the Primate of Poland. In Renaissance Italy, where the works of ancient writers drew much scholarly interest, he acquired a wide knowledge of ancient history and literature, as well as mastered Latin and learned poetic art. His command of the latter is evident in his unfinished work “Sbigneis”. It was the only epic poem in medieval Poland, unfortunately made only as an exposition, with the narrative cutting off at the mid point of the hexameter. The poem, modeled on ancient epics such as Greek Iliad by Homer, Roman “Punica” by Silius Italicus, or “Pharsalia” by Lucan, was supposed to narrate a long-standing armed conflict between the related houses of Oleśnicki and Gruszczyński. The idea to embark on such an interesting social issue, albeit touched upon in an exposition only, attests to Kotwicz’s considerable talent and unusual poetic art. The conflict and the composition are clearly outlined; the Latin lan - guage and dactylic hexameter are impeccable. The style of the narrative and the rhetorical figures featured therein are well suited to the epic genre. Only an elaboration of the topic and the ending are missing. The talented author would probably have finished the poem if it had not been for the unfortunate external circumstance following the real-world death of the main character (Zbigniew Oleśnicki), a difficulty that Kotwicz was unable to surmount. Therefore, the epic muse Calliope did not spread her wings in the Polish Middle Ages, even though she was on the right way thanks to a poet from Żnin.
41
Litvina, K. Ya. "The genesis of the development of the category of trust and mistrust in science". Vestnik Majkopskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tehnologiceskogo Universiteta, nr 2 (7.07.2024): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47370/2078-1024-2024-16-2-173-180.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The Relevance. The initial manifestations of trust were recorded in the political philosophy of Ancient Greece and Ancient China, on the basis of which thinkers determined the interconnection and interdependence of relations between government and society. Further developing in line with political sociology, trust as the principle of “fides” (“faith”) from the Roman law was conceptualized by M. Weber as an “emotional product” of a social contract, violation of the terms of which does not carry sanctions, with the exception of the loss of business reputation. The category of trust was significantly enriched during the development of sociology of the 20th – early 21st centuries, and thanks to the works of P. Sztompka and F. Fukuyama, it gained understanding of the conditions for sustainable development of society in conditions of uncertainty, in which the individual proceeds from the “credit” of confidence in the respectable behavior of another and absolute confidence in one's own actions. In recent years, a “crisis of confidence” in science as a social institution in modern society has been recorded.The problem of the research is to identify the peculiarities of understanding the category of “trust” by the classics of sociological science and their applicability in modern science.The goal of the research is to study the relationship between the dynamics of trust in Sociology in the scientific community and in science as a social institution as a whole.The methodological basis of the reseearch is a systematic approach and general methods of scientific knowledge, such as analysis, synthesis, generalization.The Research results. The classics of sociological science have enriched the motivational, value and political meanings of the concept of «trust» in modern science.
42
Schmitz, Winfried. "Richard V. Cudjoe, The Social and Legal Position of Widows and Orphans in Classical Athens, Athens (Centre for Ancient Greek and Hellenistic Law; Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences) 2010." Klio 99, nr 2 (7.02.2018): 697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/klio-2017-0052.
Pełny tekst źródła
43
Gorban, Vladimir Sergeevich, i Vladimir Sergeevich Gruzdev. "The Philosophical and Legal Heritage of V.S. Nersesyants". Политика и Общество, nr 2 (luty 2023): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0684.2023.2.43810.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This article analyzes the legal views of one of the most interesting and original philosophers of the law from the last quarter of the twentieth century to the beginning of the twenty-first century and Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, V.S. Nersesyants. His legal ideas are rooted in ancient philosophy and German idealistic philosophy. Therefore, comparing his legal views with those of the Hegelian philosophy of law, taking into account both Nersesyants' dissertations, is traditional for contemporary connoisseurs of the theory of law. However, as the experience of a more detailed and in-depth analysis shows, interesting points of similarity of his ideas are also connected with other representatives of the German intellectual and philosophical culture of thinking about law. It is the understanding of the nature of the successive and new aspects in Nersesyants' system of legal views that can serve as the basis for the development of his legal views in modern topical and prospective studies. The scientific novelty of the conducted research of Nersesyants's philosophical and legal heritage consists of some significant clarifications of the nature of his ideas, clarifying their connection with the ideas of Hegelian philosophy and the teachings of I. Kant, I. Fichte, G. Mehmel, as well as the later ideas of the neo-Kantian lawyer R. Stammler. At the same time, comparing Nersesyants' legal views and the interpretation of the law in G. Mehmel's Pure Doctrine of Law allows us to present Nersesyants' theory of law as an original version of this doctrine. The article also points to the inexplicability of the concept of justice in Nersesyants' philosophy of law and promising studies of social theory as a prerequisite for the socio-practical doctrine of civilization.
44
Kaif, Mohd, i Akanksha Verma. "IS PATENTING A THREAT TO REPROUCTIVE RIGHTS?" Dogo Rangsang Research Journal 13, nr 06 (2023): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36893/drsr.2023.v13i5n5.149-156.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Technology is the way to progress for the human race. Technology has changed the life of human beings from ancient times to the modern era. Law and society are interdependent on each other. Today’s modern society is standing on the crossroads of law, science, and technology. Technology, on the one hand, brings with it a vulnerability that cannot be neglected in the society like Invasion of privacy. On other hand there are technology that are introduced in modern times which helps one to procreate. With the extensive advances in medicine and medical technologies and to open a way to this manifestation of human mind, the medical sciences made an acute beginning by way of medically assisted human reproduction. Innovation in these technologies open a gateway for the innovator to apply for patent of these ideas to encourage economic and technological development and encourage competition by creating a financial incentive. But Patenting of ART can have an effect on reproductive rights in a number of ways. One of the main concerns is that it can make these technologies less accessible to people. It also raises ethical, social and legal issues. This study critically warrants the examination of current patent system with relation to the reproductive rights available under different legislations.
45
Sobczyński, Marek. "Do we need state and what for? The role of the state in the modern World". Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej 8 (30.12.2019): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2300-0562.08.01.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The state is subject of interest to many scientific disciplines: constitutional and international law, sociology, philosophy, administrative and political sciences, social psychology, economics, political and economic history, military sciences, regional studies and, of course, political geography and geopolitics. In the course of history, from ancient to modern times, the state was defined in very different ways.
The author comes out in his deliberations from the analysis of the elements that make up the various definitions of the state. Then he reviews the classification of functions that the modern state fulfills and analyzes the way in which they are implemented in various countries around the world, trying to answer the question, is the state necessary for citizens and for what?
Finally, the author draws attention to the frequent undertaking of the subject matter of the functioning of the state in the world’s belles-lettres in epic works and in dramas both in the past and nowadays.
The last issue raised in the paper is the analysis of the functioning of unrecognized countries, mainly European ones, and what are the consequences of their exclusion from the international community influencing the life of their inhabitants, economy and functioning of their societies.
46
Villa, Hernando Valencia. "The law of armed conflict and its application in Colombia". International Review of the Red Cross 30, nr 274 (luty 1990): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400075112.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Like war itself, which was one of the first and will undoubtedly be the last of mankind's social activities, the effort to regulate violent confrontations has a long history. Indeed, the laws of war in ancient China, 400 and 500 years before Christ, the chivalry of mediaeval knights, and the modern law of armed conflict, which started to take shape in the mid-nineteenth century, are but a few examples of the countless attempts made by different political regimes and legal systems to humanize the use of weapons as a means of settling disputes between States, and even between rulers and those they govern. Colombia is no stranger to this civilizing tradition. On the contrary, its history contains a number of illustrious precedents. The fact that they have fallen into oblivion makes them no less binding on the parties to the conflict ravaging the country at present.
47
Gorban, Vladimir Sergeevich, i Vladimir Sergeevich Gruzdev. "Philosophical and Legal Heritage of V.S. Nersesyants". Право и политика, nr 10 (październik 2022): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2022.10.39090.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The article analyzes the legal views of one of the most interesting and original philosophers of law of the last quarter of the twentieth century - the beginning of the XXI century, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences V.S. Nersesyants. The origins of his legal ideas are in ancient philosophy and German idealistic philosophy. Therefore, the comparison of his legal views with the ideas of the Hegelian philosophy of law, taking into account both dissertations of V.S. Nersesyants, is quite traditional for connoisseurs of the theory of law of our contemporary. However, as the experience of a more detailed and in-depth analysis shows, interesting points of similarity of his ideas are also connected with other representatives of the German intellectual and philosophical culture of thinking about law. It is the understanding of the nature of the successive and new aspects in the system of legal views of V.S. Nersesyants that can serve as the basis for the development of his legal views in modern topical and prospective studies. The scientific novelty of the conducted research of V.S. Nersesyants's philosophical and legal heritage consists in some significant clarifications of the nature of the ideas expressed by him, clarifying their connection with the ideas of not only Hegelian philosophy, but also the teachings of I. Kant, I. Fichte, G. Mehmel, as well as the later ideas of the neo-Kantian lawyer R. Stammler. At the same time, the comparison of the legal views of V.S. Nersesyants and the interpretation of law in G. Mehmel's "Pure Doctrine of Law" allows us to present the theory of law of V.S. Nersesyants as an original version of this doctrine. The article also points to the inexplicability of the concept of justice in the philosophy of law of V.S. Nersesyants, as well as promising studies of social theory as a prerequisite for the socio-practical doctrine of civilization.
48
Kenyon, P., C. Pollett i N. Wills-Johnson. "Sustainable water management practices: lessons from ancient Sri Lanka". Water Policy 8, nr 3 (1.06.2006): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2006.0013.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Many developing countries struggle with the most appropriate way by which to ensure that sufficient resources are available, in a sustainable manner, for the provision of water services. This problem is not new. Rather, it is one which most societies have faced in the past, some with considerable success. This paper considers the case of the hydraulic civilisation of ancient Sri Lanka, not from the perspective of its engineering feats, which are well-known, but from the management aspects of its irrigation system. It details how the ancient Sri Lankans devised a two-tier system which, although it had engineering and economic inefficiencies in its physical structure, was perfectly suited to the level of social capital available at the time. Given that social capital is precisely what limits many developing countries, this suggests that ancient Sri Lanka may provide lessons for water resource management which may have application in developing countries today.
49
Jiang, Zongyan. "Research on the Levirate Marriage for the Han Chinese during Yuan Dynasty". Asian Social Science 15, nr 8 (29.07.2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v15n8p104.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The levirate marriage has been continued for thousands of years in the ancient time of China until after the People's Republic when it died out. In Yuan Dynasty, the levirate marriage was gradually ascended to state law from national habits; its position was so important that it was considered as the customs of the country, later it gradually moved towards collapse. The variation of laws as well as regulations for the levirate marriage reflect the process of which the two cultures of the Mongolian people and Han people blended continuously. Starting from the research on the policy of the levirate marriage for the Han Chinese, this article explores for the jurisdiction and control of rulers in Yuan Dynasty for the Han Chinese to disclose the ideological features of laws in Yuan Dynasty, which explore for the conflict and coordination of law culture in grassland of the law culture in central plains.
50
Diken, Bülent. "Neo-Despotism as Anti-Despotism". Theory, Culture & Society 38, nr 4 (6.01.2021): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276420978289.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
I treat despotism as a virtual concept. Thus it is necessary to expose its actualizations even when it appears as its opposite, refusing to recognize itself as despotism. I define despotism initially as arbitrary rule, in terms of a monstrous transgression of the law. But since the monster is grounded in its very formlessness, it cannot be demonstrated. However, one can always try to de-monstrate it through disagreements. In doing this, I deal with despotism not as a solipsistic undertaking but as part of a constellation that always already contains two other elements: economy and voluntary servitude. I give three different – ancient, early modern and late modern – accounts of this nexus, demonstrating how despotism continuously takes on new appearances. I conclude, in a counter-classical prism, how the classical nexus has evolved in modernity while the focus gradually shifted towards another triangulation: neo-despotism, use and dissent.