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1
Huang, Fei Xin, Hai Bo Jiang, Chun Gen Wei, Shi Wu Ouyang i Xiang Long. "The Finite Element Analysis of the End Anchorage under Larger Prestressing Load in Rehabilitation Engineering". Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (marzec 2010): 4395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.4395.
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Anchorages are the most important structure in the bridge’s rehabilitation engineering under external prestressing load, whose stress distribution is complex, it is necessary to carry out a detailed and careful structure analysis of anchorages. The inspection and strengthening design of an extra-large Bridge in Dongpu of Guangzhou City was taken for the background in the paper, the longitudinal stress, transverse stress and vertical stress of the end anchorage were given before and after adding concrete block, through finite element analysis of the end anchorage under larger prestressing load and the results of calculation of the anchorage were analyzed, it was showed that the strengthened effect of the end anchorage had been very obvious after concrete block was added. At the same time it was found that there were still some deficiencies on the end anchorage after concrete was added and the suggestions of the local strengthening of the end anchorage were proposed. It is helpful and referenced for the design of similar anchorage.
2
Wang, Wen Yuan, Guo Lei Tang, Zi Jian Guo, Xiang Qun Song i Peng Cheng Du. "Study on the Impact of Inner Anchorage on Waterway Traffic Capacity". Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (październik 2013): 2013–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.2013.
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As the number of calling ships in container terminals rises, waterways in some harbors have become the major constraint to the overall performance of the ports service. By constructing anchorages, the congestion that happens frequently in harbor can be effectively eased, thus the traffic capacity is greatly enhanced. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of anchorage number on waterway traffic capacity and provide theoretical foundation when deciding the anchorage scale. A simulation method with consideration of anchorages is adopted to analyze the vessels entering and departing process in coastal container terminal. Results show that waterway traffic capacity and anchorage number are polynomial correlated, waterway traffic capacity increases with the growth of anchorage number and ceases when beyond a certain level. It will be of great help to serve the planning and constructing ports and terminals.
3
Long, Zhe, Zhi-xin Yan i Chun-bo Liu. "Shear Effects on the Anchorage Interfaces and Seismic Responses of a Rock Slope Containing a Weak Layer under Seismic Action". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (30.04.2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1424167.
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The shear effects on the anchorage interfaces under seismic action is a key problem requiring urgent investigation in the field of rock and soil anchorages. In this paper, the model of rock slope with a weak layer was constructed by pouring, and the large-scale shaking table model test was completed. The shear strain on the anchorage interfaces and the acceleration of the slope were collected using built measurement systems. The shear effects on the two anchorage interfaces (a bolt-grout interface and a grout-rock interface) and seismic responses of the slope under seismic action were investigated. The distribution laws of the shear stress on the two anchorage interfaces along the axial direction of the bolt under seismic action were gained. The variations of the peak acceleration amplification coefficient on the slope surface, the magnitude, and the growth rate of peak shear stress on the anchorage interfaces under seismic action with different excitation directions and intensities were obtained. Furthermore, the positive relationship between the shear effect on the anchorage interfaces and the seismic response of slope was revealed. This study provides support for theoretical research, numerical simulation analysis, and aseismic design of rock and soil anchorages under dynamic conditions.
4
Mazhari, Marzieh, Mehrnaz Moradinejad, Mohsen Mazhary, Atefe Rekabi i Vahid Rakhshan. "Effects of Rigid and Nonrigid Connections between the Miniscrew and Anchorage Tooth on Dynamics, Efficacy, and Adverse Effects of Maxillary Second Molar Protraction: A Finite Element Analysis". BioMed Research International 2022 (14.10.2022): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4714347.
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Introduction. Direct, rigid indirect, and nonrigid indirect absolute anchorages using temporary anchorage devices (TADs, mini-implants/miniscrews) can provide promising opportunities for challenging, yet common, orthodontic tooth movements such as molar protraction. Rigid rectangular wire and ligature wire are the most common methods of attaching a tooth to a miniscrew in indirect anchorages. We aimed to provide a comparison of the rigidity of the connecting wire in terms of stress on the miniscrew, the anchorage loss, and the risk of root resorption using finite element analysis (FEA). Methods. The maxillary right second molar was protracted into the proximal space at a 150 g load (1) using direct absolute anchorage with a tapered miniscrew implanted between the premolar roots and using indirect absolute anchorage with the second premolar reinforced by the miniscrew through (2) a rigid stainless steel (SS) wire or (3) a nonrigid SS ligature wire (4) at different elastic moduli. Stresses and displacements of 4 models’ elements were measured. The risk of external root resorption was evaluated. Results. Connecting the tooth to the miniscrew using rigid full-size wire (model 2) compared to ligature (model 3) can give better control of the anchorage (using the ligature wire, the anchorage loss is 1.5 times larger than the rectangular wire) and may reduce the risk of root resorption of the anchorage unit. However, the risk of miniscrew failure increases with a rigid connection, although it is still lower than with direct anchorage. The miniscrew stress when using a ligature is approximately 30% of the rigid model using the rectangular wire. The miniscrew stress using the rectangular wire is approximately 82.4% of the miniscrew stress in the direct model. Parametric analysis shows that the higher the elastic modulus of the miniscrew-tooth connecting wire in the indirect anchorage, the less the anchorage loss/palatal rotation of the premolars/and the risk of root resorption of the anchorage teeth and instead the stress on the miniscrew increases. Conclusions. Direct anchorage (followed by rigid indirect anchorage but not nonrigid) might be recommended when the premolars should not be moved or premolar root resorption is a concern. Miniscrew loosening risk might be the highest in direct anchorage and lowest in nonrigid indirect anchorage (which might be recommended for poor bone densities).
5
Lim, Hyunsung, Seunghwan Seo, Junyoung Ko i Moonkyung Chung. "Effect of Joint Characteristics and Geometries on Tunnel-Type Anchorage for Suspension Bridge". Applied Sciences 11, nr 24 (9.12.2021): 11688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411688.
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In this study, the pull-out behavior of a tunnel-type anchorage was examined by considering both geometric and rock joint characteristics. Three-dimensional finite element analyses were performed with reference to the tunnel-type anchorage cases designed and constructed in Korea. The factors influencing the anchorage response were analyzed: the enlarged part, anchorage spacing, joint orientation, spacing, and the shear strength of the rock joints. According to the numerical studies, the size of the enlarged part influenced the failure shape of the tunnel-type anchorage. It was found that the anchorage spacing, the relationship between the tunnel-type anchorage, and the joint orientation and spacing greatly influenced the pull-out behavior of the anchorage. Additionally, the friction angle had a larger impact on the anchorage’s pull-out resistance than the cohesion between the rock joints.
6
Otaren, Joseph, i Idia Iyamu. "Application of Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics: A Literature Review". Cross River Journal of Medicine 2, nr 1 (2023): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/crjmed.147164.
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Anchorage control is one of the most essential keys for success in clinical orthodontics. Anchorage loss is a primary concern associated with orthodontic procedures. Numerous devices have been proposed and used for over a century to get the appropriate anchorage. Extraoral anchorages such as headgears or facemasks are the most effective tools but are limited because their effectiveness depends on patient compliance. Using skeletal anchorage, such as Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs), to retract anterior maxillary teeth is an old technique developed in 1945. Despite their small diameter and short length, TADs can provide stable anchorage for multiple tooth movements, including intrusion, retraction, and protraction. This article examined the various applications of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) in clinical orthodontics. The risk factors and complications of TADs application in clinical orthodontics were identified. As the younger generations of orthodontists enter practice and the academic arenas, TADs use will continue to increase if trends continue as they have in the past several years.
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Ryu, Ji-In, Seoung-Won Cho, So-Hee Oh, In-Young Park, Ju-Won Kim, Soo-Hwan Byun i Byoung-Eun Yang. "A Novel Approach Using Customized Miniplates as Skeletal Anchorage Devices in Growing Class III Patients: A Case Report". Applied Sciences 10, nr 12 (12.06.2020): 4067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124067.
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Facemasks using tooth-borne anchorages have been used primarily for the treatment of Class III malocclusion with maxillary undergrowth. However, when using a tooth as an anchorage, if the stability of the tooth used as an anchor is weak, the anchoring function may fail as the tooth tilts. Meanwhile, the use of skeletal anchorages such as implants, mini-implants, and mini-plates has been claimed to minimize the side effects of using dental anchorage. This case report describes the treatment of a six-year-old male patient with Class III malocclusion, presenting maxillary undergrowth and mandibular prognathism. Due to the mobility of the anchoring primary teeth, a device using dental anchorage was replaced with that using customized skeletal anchorage for the treatment. Customized guides and miniplates for the surgery were fabricated in advance through a computer-assisted system, in order to avoid possible damage to the adjacent tooth buds. The customized plates were accurately and passively placed on the intended part, showing the desired outcome.
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Li, Yalong, Taining Shi, Yafeng Qiu, Yuanlin Zhu i Longkang Zhang. "Anchorage Research for CFRP Tendons: A Review". Materials 17, nr 13 (1.07.2024): 3208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17133208.
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Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendons are composite materials that offer significant advantages in terms of tensile strength and lightweight properties. They are being increasingly utilized in the construction industry, particularly in bridge cables and building structures. However, due to their relatively poor transverse mechanical properties compared to steel cables, securing these tendons with anchors presents a challenge. This paper reviews the structure and force characteristics of three types of anchors for CFRP tendons—clamping anchorage, bonded anchorage, and composite anchorage—analyzes and summarizes the anchorage characteristics and damage mechanisms of each type of anchorage, and highlights that the optimization of the mechanical properties of the tendons is key to the design and research of anchoring systems. The new composite anchorage offers comprehensive advantages, such as minimal tendon damage at the anchorage section, more uniform stress distribution, and better anchorage performance, despite being more complex in design compared to single-type anchorages. However, there remain challenges and research gaps in testing and validating these anchoring systems under realistic loading and environmental conditions, including impacts, cyclic stresses, humidity, and high temperatures. Future efforts should focus on developing new testing techniques and models to simulate real-world conditions, enabling more accurate assessments of anchorage performance and longevity. By doing so, we can fully harness the mechanical properties of CFRP tendons and further enhance the safety and efficiency of our built environment.
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Liu, Zihao, Dan Zhou, Zhongyi Zheng, Zhaolin Wu i Longhui Gang. "An Analytic Model for Identifying Real-Time Anchorage Collision Risk Based on AIS Data". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, nr 8 (5.08.2023): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11081553.
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With the increasing volume of ship traffic, maritime traffic safety is facing a great challenge because the traffic in port becomes more and more crowded and complicated, which will make ship collisions more likely to happen. As a special water area of the port, the anchorage is also threatened by collision risk all the time. For accurately assessing the collision risk in anchorage and its adjacent waters in real time, this paper proposed an analytic model based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. The proposed anchorage collision risk model was established in microscopic, macroscopic, and complexity aspects, which considered ship relative motion, anchorage characteristics, and ship traffic complexity, respectively. For validation, the AIS data of the anchorages near the Shandong Peninsular were used to carry out a series of experiments. The results show that the proposed model can identify the anchorage collision risk effectively and has an advantage in dealing with complicated scenarios. The proposed anchorage collision risk model can help maritime surveillance better monitor and organize the ship traffic near the port and provide mariners with a reference about the collision risk situation of the anchorage on their route, which are important to improving maritime traffic safety.
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Kryvko, Andriy, Erick Juán Bautista González i Didier Samayoa Ochoa. "Failure analysis of anchorage of cable-stayed bridge with internal defects". Science Progress 104, nr 3 (lipiec 2021): 003685042110414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211041481.
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The influence of the internal defects in the anchorages of cable-stayed bridges, generated either during the fabrication process or due to the usage time on their mechanical properties and failure probability is studied. Internal defects were distributed according to the probability density functions of types, sizes, quantities, and locations obtained from the experimental studies. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is applied to simulate the behaviour of the anchorages with and without internal defects under external forces, which affect the bridge, such as wind and traffic. It was shown that the mechanical properties of the anchorage without internal defects are in the range of its application, but in the case of an anchorage with internal defects, approximately 0.1% of the observed maximum stresses approximate the yield stress. The latter could result in permanent material deformation or fracture. The probability of failure of an anchorage is discussed.
11
Claro, Cristiane Aparecida de Assis, Rosana Villela Chagas, Ana Christina Elias Claro Neves i Laís Regiane da Silva-Concílio. "Comparative photoelastic study of dental and skeletal anchorages in the canine retraction". Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 19, nr 1 (styczeń 2014): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.19.1.100-105.oar.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare dental and skeletal anchorages in mandibular canine retraction by means of a stress distribution analysis. METHODS: A photoelastic model was produced from second molar to canine, without the first premolar, and mandibular canine retraction was simulated by a rubber band tied to two types of anchorage: dental anchorage, in the first molar attached to adjacent teeth, and skeletal anchorage with a hook simulating the mini-implant. The forces were applied 10 times and observed in a circular polariscope. The stresses located in the mandibular canine were recorded in 7 regions. The Mann-Whitney test was employed to compare the stress in each region and between both anchorage systems. The stresses in the mandibular canine periradicular regions were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: Stresses were similar in the cervical region and the middle third. In the apical third, the stresses associated with skeletal anchorage were higher than the stresses associated with dental anchorage. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the highest stresses were identified in the cervical-distal, apical-distal, and apex regions with the use of dental anchorage, and in the apical-distal, apical-mesial, cervical-distal, and apex regions with the use of skeletal anchorage. CONCLUSIONS: The use of skeletal anchorage in canine retraction caused greater stress in the apical third than the use of dental anchorage, which indicates an intrusive component resulting from the direction of the force due to the position of the mini-implant and the bracket hook of the canine.
12
Wei, Xing, i Jun Li. "Theoretical and Experimental Study on Cable-to-Irder Anchorages in Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridges with Steel Box Girder". Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (maj 2011): 1315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.1315.
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Cable anchorages are among the most important elements in a cable-stayed bridge, which are complex in structure and bear heavy load. There are three main forms in anchorage zone between girder and cable in modern long-span cable-stayed bridge with steel box girder, which are ear-plate form, anchor-box form and anchor-plate form. Combining theoretical analysis with the static test, static behavior and stress transfer pathway of three typical cable-to-girder anchorages were analyzed, and the differences of stress distribution and stress concentration among anchorage zones were pointed out. Based on the Von.Mises strength criterion, bearing safety of three typical cable-to-girder anchorages was evaluated. Finally, the measures to reform stress distribution and reduce stress concentration are discussed. Some useful conclusions were obtained, which would benefit the design of cable-to-girder anchorages.
13
Siwadamrongpong, Somsak, Supakit Rooppakhun, Natchaya Murachai i Pakorn Burakorn. "Strength Analysis of the Seat Anchorages for Large Passenger Vehicles Using Finite Element Method". Advanced Materials Research 658 (styczeń 2013): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.658.340.
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Since the vehicle accident is one of the major causes of dead and injury in Thailand, especially the large passenger vehicle. The seat anchorage was often damaged and lead to high number and critical of patient. To improve the safety of large passenger vehicle, seat anchorage should be investigated. The aim of this research was to analyze strength of seat anchorages for the bus according to European standard ECE Regulation 80 using finite element method and DOE(Design of Experimental) approach. In this study, the boundary conditions on finite element model of seat structure were defined according to the regulation. It is expected that the simulation techniques could be advantaged for seat anchorage analysis. This result will be used for further improvement of the bus seat anchorage design for safety and cost reduction in design processes.
14
Cheng, Yong Gang. "Slope Anchoring Technology in China: State of the Art Report and its Prospect". Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (grudzień 2012): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.26.
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Anchoring technology is an engineering research focus for its successful application in practice and huge economic benefits in slope stabilizing. To construct an anchorage, all steps are in the same importance and any mistake may cause an entire failure. In order to promote the combination of the applications and the theoretical studies of slope anchoring, the theoretical results, practical utilities and quality-control methods on slope anchoring in recent 20 years were discussed in this paper. The load transfer mechanism of anchorage body and the active mechanism of ground anchorages were detailed mentioned. As to practical utilities, the construction standardization, anchorage type, grouting, corrosion prevention, and other techniques were presented. When it comes to quality controlling, some discussions on anchorage field experiments, long-term monitoring, and non-destructive examination were carried out. Finally, some suggestions are proposed on open questions about theoretical study, practical utility, quality controlling.
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Dang, Ngoc-Loi, Thanh-Canh Huynh i Jeong-Tae Kim. "Local Strand-Breakage Detection in Multi-Strand Anchorage System Using an Impedance-Based Stress Monitoring Method—Feasibility Study". Sensors 19, nr 5 (1.03.2019): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051054.
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This study investigates the feasibility of impedance-based stress monitoring method for local-strand breakage detection in multi-strand anchorage systems. Firstly, stress fields of a multi-strand anchorage system are numerically analyzed to examine anchorage’s responses sensitive to local strand breakage. Secondly, an impedance-based stress monitoring technique via the PZT interface is outlined. Thirdly, a novel hoop-type PZT interface is designed for the multi-strands anchorage to monitor the stress variation induced by the strand breakage. Local dynamic responses of the hoop-type PZT interface are analyzed to predetermine the effective frequency ranges. Finally, the numerical feasibility of the proposed method is verified on a seven-strand anchorage system under various strand breakage cases. Variations in impedance responses are statistically quantified, and broken strands are localized by linear tomography analysis of damage indices. A lab-scale experiment is also conducted on a multi-strands anchorage to evaluate the realistic performance of the hoop PZT interface for impedance-based stress monitoring method.
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Bujňáková, Petra. "Anchorage System in Old Post-Tensioned Precast Bridges". Civil and Environmental Engineering 16, nr 2 (1.12.2020): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cee-2020-0038.
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AbstractThe first precast post-tensioned bridges in Slovakia are approaching 60 years of their service life. Facing an aging infrastructure, it is necessary to assess their present structural condition and residual life expectancy. Different types and methods of anchorage system were developed and available for first post-tensioned bridges around the world. The reliability and functionality of anchorages contribute to the proper behaviour of post-tensioning system. The considerable effect of aggressive environment (frost, chloride salts, humidity) and environmental load (CO2) leads to corrosion of anchorages and prestressing steel with the risk of a sudden unexpected damage to bridge. The research work deals into finding more details of this structural part. During the demolition of damaged post-tensioned bridges built in 1960s several anchorages were removed and analysed. The material properties, size parameters and performed tensile tests of a wedge anchorage system are summarised in this paper. The findings from this study can be used as input parameters for numerical simulation and durability assessment of similar aged existing post-tensioned bridges.
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Pham, Quang-Quang, Ngoc-Loi Dang i Jeong-Tae Kim. "Smart PZT-Embedded Sensors for Impedance Monitoring in Prestressed Concrete Anchorage". Sensors 21, nr 23 (27.11.2021): 7918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237918.
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This study investigates the feasibility evaluation of smart PZT-embedded sensors for impedance-based damage monitoring in prestressed concrete (PSC) anchorages. Firstly, the concept of impedance-based damage monitoring for the concrete anchorage is concisely introduced. Secondly, a prototype design of PZT-embedded rebar and aggregate (so-called smart rebar–aggregate) is chosen to sensitively acquire impedance responses-induced local structural damage in anchorage members. Thirdly, an axially loaded concrete cylinder embedded with the smart rebar–aggregate is numerically and experimentally analyzed to investigate their performances of impedance monitoring. Additionally, empirical equations are formulated to represent the relationships between measured impedance signatures and applied compressive stresses. Lastly, an experimental test on a full-scale concrete anchorage embedded with smart rebar–aggregates at various locations is performed to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed method. For a sequence of loading cases, the variation in impedance responses is quantified to evaluate the accuracy of smart rebar–aggregate sensors. The empirical equations formulated based on the axially loaded concrete cylinder are implemented to predict compressive stresses at sensor locations in the PSC anchorage.
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Marsh, M. Lee, i Edwin G. Burdette. "Anchorage of Steel Building Components to Concrete". Engineering Journal 22, nr 1 (31.03.1985): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.62913/engj.v22i1.432.
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Anchorage of steel building components to concrete is a fact of life. It has been used, and will continue to be used, in essentially all steel industrial structures. It would seem logical that the behavior and consequently the design principles concerning such anchorages are as well understood, for instance, as those concerning flexure of the components themselves. However, such has not always been the case. Because of this situation, recent work has been undertaken to enhance understanding of anchorage behavior. Much of this work has been brought about as a result of the stringent quality assurance programs of the nuclear power industry with the corresponding stringent design requirements for anchorage to concrete. While the nuclear industrys design requirements are rather rigorous relative to the needs of the industrial building industry, much of the information obtained to meet these requirements can be utilized in industrial building applications. The purpose of this paper is to describe various types of anchorage devices, discuss their behavior and present appropriate design guidelines for implementation in industrial building construction.
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Ho, Duc-Duy, Jeong-Tae Kim, Nhat-Duc Hoang, Manh-Hung Tran, Ananta Man Singh Pradhan, Gia Toai Truong i Thanh-Canh Huynh. "Structural Condition Assessment of Steel Anchorage Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Admittance Response". Buildings 14, nr 6 (3.06.2024): 1635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061635.
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Structural damage in the steel bridge anchorage, if not diagnosed early, could pose a severe risk of structural collapse. Previous studies have mainly focused on diagnosing prestress loss as a specific type of damage. This study is among the first for the automated identification of multiple types of anchorage damage, including strand damage and bearing plate damage, using deep learning combined with the EMA (electromechanical admittance) technique. The proposed approach employs the 1D CNN (one-dimensional convolutional neural network) algorithm to autonomously learn optimal features from the raw EMA data without complex transformations. The proposed approach is validated using the raw EMA response of a steel bridge anchorage specimen, which contains substantial nonlinearities in damage characteristics. A K-fold cross-validation approach is used to secure a rigorous performance evaluation and generalization across different scenarios. The method demonstrates superior performance compared to established 1D CNN models in assessing multiple damage types in the anchorage specimen, offering a potential alternative paradigm for data-driven damage identification in steel bridge anchorages.
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McKay, K. S., i M. A. Erki. "Grouted anchorages for aramid fibre reinforced plastic prestressing tendons". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, nr 6 (1.12.1993): 1065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-137.
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Nonmetallic prestressing tendons, made of fibre-reinforced composite materials, are being proposed as alternatives to steel prestressing tendons for bridges and parking garage structures, where corrosion is the leading cause of structural deterioration. One type of commercially available nonmetallic tendons is made of pultruded aramid fibres. One of the main problems for these tendons, which is common to all nonmetallic tendons, is that the high ratio of the axial to lateral strength of fibre-reinforced materials requires special attention to the type of anchorage used. For the aramid tendon, the simplest grouted anchorage consists of a steel tube filled with nonshrink grout, into which the end of the tendon is embedded. This note presents the test results of a parametric study on grouted anchorages for pultruded aramid tendons. Key words: prestressed concrete, nonmetallic tendons, aramid fibre, grouted anchorage.
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Pamuković, Jelena Kilić, Katarina Rogulj i Nikša Jajac. "Towards Sustainable Management of Anchoring on Mediterranean Islands—Concession Support Concept". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, nr 1 (24.12.2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010015.
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The focus of this paper is to define anchorage management model for concession planning purposes to provide quality support to experts in spatial planning when developing maritime spatial plans. The research aim is to develop an anchorage management model that includes decision and concession support concept. Decision support concept is defined in order to support the processes of identifying potential anchorage locations, their evaluation and comparison, and finally, the priority ranking and selection of locations for their construction. The final step is modelling the concession support concept that includes financial analysis to concession parameters definition. The problem of decision making and concession of the anchorage location selection is complex and ill-structured because of the unsystematic and ad-hoc decisions by all included stakeholders. Additionally, the involvement of several stakeholders’ groups with different preferences and background knowledge, a large amount of conflicting and seemingly incomparable information and data, and numerous conflicting goals and criteria impact final decisions. The proposed concepts overcome the above obstacles in order to enable the construction of anchorages in a way of optimal use of maritime space. The model is tested on the island of Brač, Croatia. The methods used to solve the task are SWARA (The Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) for defining the criteria weights and ELECTRE (Elimination and Choice Expressing Reality) for ranking anchorage locations.
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Morris, Walter D., i Bjørn Aamodt. "Anchorage". World Literature Today 72, nr 2 (1998): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40153878.
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Polat-Ozsoy, Ömür, Beyza Hancıoğlu Kırcelli, Ayça Arman-Özçırpıcı, Z. Özgür Pektaş i Sina Uçkan. "Pendulum appliances with 2 anchorage designs: Conventional anchorage vs bone anchorage". American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 133, nr 3 (marzec 2008): 339.e9–339.e17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.10.002.
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Huang, Bo, Anyang Wu, Shuang Zhang, Jiawei Wang, Bing Cao, Yihan Du i Yue Zhang. "Design and Mechanical Properties of Flat Anchorage Limit Plate". Applied Sciences 13, nr 9 (3.05.2023): 5638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13095638.
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To address the safety problems caused by clips being squeezed by jacks and wire slipping in the tensioning process of flat anchorages, we designed a limit plate to be used with a flat anchorage, and we studied the mechanical properties of the anchorage system after adding the limit plate through numerical simulation. Lastly, the limit plate was created and applied in a practical engineering scenario to test its safety performance. The results showed that the newly designed limit plate changed the butt position of the jack during tension, increased the hole distance, and hid the clips in the hole position of the limit plate, thus mitigating the safety hazard caused by the narrow surface tension construction in practice. The limit plate alleviated the stress concentration on the anchorage, and the extreme stress value decreased by 10–13%. Adverse effects, such as stress concentration caused by tension, were transferred to the replaceable limit plate, thus improving the reliability of the flat anchorage. The symmetrical tensioning scheme represented by sequential tensioning of holes 1, 4, 2, 5, and 3 is recommended, which produced the lowest extreme stress value of 685.55 kPa, which is 22.42 kPa lower than the maximum value of various other schemes.
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Donovan, Shannon. "Growing Gardens Sustainability: Challenges and Opportunities Facing the Strategic Expansion of Anchorage, Alaska’s Community Garden System". Case Studies in the Environment 2, nr 1 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2017.001008.
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Anchorage’s community gardening program is administered by the Municipality of Anchorage Parks and Recreation program and part of their mission is to provide “a food system where locally produced, affordable, and nutritious food is available to all”. The demand for access to community gardens far outweighs the supply raising the question, how can the city of Anchorage strategically and sustainably expand their community garden system? To explore this question, the Municipality of Anchorage partnered with the University of Alaska Anchorage to better understand how expanding community gardens can bridge a gap in the local food system and increase access to fresh foods by the city’s most vulnerable and diverse individuals. To do this, we developed a multi-faceted needs assessment that included a community survey, stakeholder workshop, and key informant interviews. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges of expanding Anchorage’s community gardens and offers expansion strategies that balance the needs of the community’s diverse populations with the city’s community gardening mission. The findings of this study show that to sustainably meet the needs of diverse audiences, community garden expansion efforts should focus on 1) making new gardens accessible by identifying safe, convenient, and functional locations; 2) building gardener capacity through education and outreach programs; and 3) strengthening partnerships with other community organizations to share resources and capabilities. The methods used and the associated findings revealed through this study can be adapted and applied in other cities looking to develop a sustainable and strategic model for community gardening.
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Li, Shao Jun, Xia Ting Feng i Bing Rui Chen. "Stress Testing of Individual Steel Strands in a Multiple-Cable Single Borehole Anchorage for Geotechnical Engineering". Key Engineering Materials 340-341 (czerwiec 2007): 1351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.340-341.1351.
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Multiple-cable single borehole anchorages are widely used in China, accepted and regarded as a very effective method for slope protection, landslide remediation and foundation ditch support. This paper presents a new method for testing tensional stresses of individual steel strands within anchor cables in single boreholes. A rig has been designed to permit testing of cables within a single borehole, including two special features: a metal plate that distributes tension between strands of a cable and a sensing device that measures the stress in each individual strand. The feasibility of the method has been demonstrated by an in situ tensional stress test on anchor cables at a landslide remediation site that successfully measured the forces on individual steel strands fastened to different anchorage segments within a borehole. The steel cable strands displayed nonlinear extension characteristics; and the length of anchorage segments and grout strength met design criteria. The results confirm that this design of anchorage is satisfactory and can provide valuable data for future design and construction.
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Sayed-Ahmed, Ezzeldin Y., i Nigel G. Shrive. "A new steel anchorage system for post-tensioning applications using carbon fibre reinforced plastic tendons". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, nr 1 (1.01.1998): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l97-054.
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During the past half century, the use of prestressing in different structures has increased tremendously. One of the most important techniques of prestressing is post-tensioning. The main problem associated with post-tensioning in different structures is the corrosion of the prestressing steel tendons even with well-protected steel. New materials, fibre reinforced plastics or polymers (FRP), which are more durable than steel, can be used for these tendons/strands and thus overcome the corrosion problem. However, different shortcomings appear when FRP tendons are introduced to post-tensioning prestressing applications. For carbon fibre plastic tendons (CFRP), there is no suitable anchorage system for post-tensioning applications. Some of the anchorages developed by others for use with FRPs are therefore described and assessed. A new anchorage system developed by the authors, which can be used with bonded or unbonded CFRP tendons in post-tensioning applications, is described. The results of direct tension and fatigue tests on CFRPs anchored with the new system are presented.Key words: anchorage system, cyclic loading, fatigue, fibre reinforced plastics, finite element analysis, post-tension, prestressed concrete, prestressed masonry, strands, tendons.
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Abbas, Hayder Qays, i Alaa Hussein Al‐Zuhairi. "Impact of Anchored CFRP Composites on the Strengthening of Partially Damaged PC Girders". Journal of Engineering 29, nr 08 (1.08.2023): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2023.08.08.
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This manuscript investigated the effect of anchorage CFRP wrapping sheets, bolts, and laminate interlock on increasing the efficiency of flexural strengthening for the post-tension girder using CFRP composites techniques longitudinal laminates at the soffit for partially damaged loss of about 14.3% from its area of prestressed concrete beams, and the impact on restoring the original flexural capacity of PC girder. Mitigating delamination of the soffit of horizontal laminates (CFRP). The texture of the laminate and anchorages influenced the stress of the laminate carbon fiber, the mode of crack propagation and failure, and consequently, the beam's attitude has been investigated in this manuscript. The experimental findings demonstrated that using CFRP laminates significantly affects strand strain, especially when anchorage wrapping is applied. The laminates CFRP-EB enhanced the flexural capacity by around 13% of the original strength, which equates to a 13% increase in strand damage. Despite an increase in flexural capacity of 20%, 22%, and 29% when using anchorage wrapping, mechanical bolts, and laminate interlock, respectively. It has been proposed to use quasi-experimental equations to predicate the actual stress of un-grouted strands, considering the influence of CFRP laminate and wrapping anchorage sheets techniques only. The experiment outcomes demonstrated that using Anchored CFRP significantly affects load-carrying capacity and cracking load by up to 29% and delays the bonding failure.
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Cui, Zekai, Xueli Zhang, Yuling Chen, Liang Cao, Zeguo Zhang, Zuchao Liang, Meijie Zhou, Jiawen Li i Xiaowen Li. "Intelligent Detection of 3D Anchor Position Based on Monte Carlo Algorithm". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, nr 8 (8.08.2024): 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081347.
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With the increase in port throughput and the development of the trend of large-scale ships, selecting applicable anchor positions for ships and ensuring the rational and comprehensive utilization of anchorage areas have become a key issue in utilizing the rate of anchorage resources, ensuring the safety of ships anchoring operations and promoting the development of the shipping industry. Existing anchor position selection and detection algorithm studies are limited to a two-dimensional plane for ship anchor position selection, with few studies considering intelligent detection algorithms for safe ship anchoring water depths based on three-dimensional space, considering conditions such as wind and waves. By considering water depth conditions and the objectives of anchorage safety issues, this study proposes an intelligent detection method for ship anchor detection to find the ship’s ideal anchor location in the anchorages by applying the Monte Carlo algorithm. In the processing step, in combination with the Monte Carlo random plane anchor position detection algorithm and Monte Carlo random sampling water depth detection method, the anchor position circle radius model, safe spacing model, anchoring area detection model and safe water depth model are used for examining the anchorage area for awaiting the ship in three-dimensions. To verify the accuracy of the proposed model, based on the scale of common ship types and considering the most conservative parameters, a series of simulation experiments are conducted to check whether the water depth meets the requirements and fully ensure the safety of the experimental results. The research results indicate that the detection almost cover the whole anchorage area and obtain safe water depth restrictions. This method helps to improve the efficiency of ship anchoring and makes actual anchoring operations safer. Under the premise of ensuring sufficient safe spacing between ships, the anchorage ground can accommodate more ships and simulate multi-type ship anchor position detection operations concerning various ship-type parameters to further ensure the safety of ship anchoring.
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Tomaszewicz, Dariusz, Agnieszka Jablonska-Krysiewicz i Jerzy K. Szlendak. "The effect of the stress distribution of anchorage and stress in the textured layer on the durability of new anchorages". Open Engineering 10, nr 1 (21.07.2020): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0079.
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AbstractThe paper estimated the effect of the distribution of edge and shear stresses occurring in the façade texture layer of three-layer walls of large slab panel buildings, as well as the variability of these stresses depending on the anchorage strength of the anchorage. Bonded anchors with seven different diameters M8 ÷ M30, selected based on catalogues, were analysed. The traction stress was determined based on the destructive force, which is determined by the catalogues of manufacturers of bonded anchors. Depending on the choice of the method of repairing the connections between the textured layer and the structural layer, we give the three-layer walls a new character of work. One of the methods of strengthening the textured layer is the popular COPY-ECO system in Poland. It is a system of two anchors (horizontal and diagonal), reflecting the shape of the work of existing hangers. The article also analyses the variants of oblique anchorages for the M12 anchor with inclination angles of 30∘, 45∘ and 60∘. The extent to which the anchorage inclination angle has been assessed influences the higher parameters of the anchor’s bearing capacity due to the shearing of the textured layer.
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Dighiera, Nicholas. "Anchorage, Alaska". River Teeth: A Journal of Nonfiction Narrative 19, nr 1 (2017): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rvt.2017.0015.
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Thakkar, Surbhi. "Miniscrew anchorage". American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 150, nr 1 (lipiec 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.04.008.
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Wanxu, Zhu, Zheng Xiaolong i Wang Shouhai. "Stress Analysis of Anchorage and Concrete Under Anchorage". Prestress Technology 5, nr 01X (2001): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.59238/j.pt.2001.01x.005.
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Xu, Tian-Min. "New concept of physiologic anchorage control". APOS Trends in Orthodontics 5 (20.11.2015): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-1407.169950.
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Molar anchorage loss in extraction case is believed due to the reaction of mechanical force applied to retract anterior teeth. While it may be close to truth in adult patients, it is certainly not true in adolescents. Studies on molar growth show upper molar move forward as mandible growing forward, probably through intercuspation force. Hence, for adolescents, molar anchorage loss shall consist of two parts. One is from retraction force — mechanical anchorage loss; another from biologic force — physiologic anchorage loss. Since physiologic anchorage loss is caused by the continuous biologic force, the strategy of physiologic anchorage control (PAC) is different from the strategy of mechanical anchorage control. A new PAC method is introduced in this article that can reduce the headgear and temporary anchorage device used as sagittal anchorage dramatically in orthodontic clinic.
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Alhusain, Mustafa, i Adil Al-Mayah. "Innovative Wedge Anchorage for CFRP Plates: Development and Testing". Journal of Composites Science 8, nr 3 (14.03.2024): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs8030103.
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Gripping prestressed carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) in structural strengthening applications is challenging due to CFRPs’ susceptibility to lateral loading. This paper presents a reliable and reusable wedge anchorage for gripping CFRP plates that are 50 mm wide and 1.2 mm thick. The cylindrical anchorage, which is 75 mm long and 76.2 mm in diameter, consists of an external steel barrel, two internal steel wedges, and two soft copper sleeves. The barrel-wedge interface is designed using an innovative arc–linear configuration, through which the desired stress distribution is attained, preventing stress concentration and the premature failure of the CFRP plate. The wedge anchorage was experimentally tested by applying a displacement-controlled tensile load of 0.6 mm/min until the complete fracture of the CFRP plate. The anchorage’s performance was examined under distinct installation conditions by applying different presetting levels: high (40–120 kN) and low (hammering) presetting. It was observed that the anchorage successfully prevented CFRP premature failure in all tests by achieving an average tensile loading of 172.3 (±5.7) kN, exceeding its reported tensile strength of 168 kN (2800 MPa). Minor CFRP displacements of 6.26 (±0.75) mm and 3.33 (±0.16) mm were recorded under low and high presetting levels, respectively. Similarly, the CFRP slippage relative to the wedges for the low and high presetting tests was only 1.18 (±0.75) mm and 0.33 (±0.15) mm, respectively. Also, only minor scratches were observed in the wedge–barrel interface, indicating the absence of extensive plastic deformation.
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Wolff, Jonas O., i Marie E. Herberstein. "Three-dimensional printing spiders: back-and-forth glue application yields silk anchorages with high pull-off resistance under varying loading situations". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, nr 127 (luty 2017): 20160783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0783.
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The anchorage of structures is a crucial element of construction, both for humans and animals. Spiders use adhesive plaques to attach silk threads to substrates. Both biological and artificial adhesive structures usually have an optimal loading angle, and are prone to varying loading situations. Silk anchorages, however, must cope with loading in highly variable directions. Here we show that the detachment forces of thread anchorages of orb-web spiders are highly robust against pulling in different directions. This is gained by a two-step back-and-forth spinning pattern during the rapid production of the adhesive plaque, which shifts the thread insertion point towards the plaque centre and forms a flexible tree root-like network of branching fibres around the loading point. Using a morphometric approach and a tape-and-thread model we show that neither area, nor width of the plaque, but the shift of the loading point towards the plaque centre has the highest effect on pull-off resistance. This is explained by a circular propagation of the delamination crack with a low peeling angle. We further show that silken attachment discs are highly directional and adjusted to provide maximal performance in the upstream dragline. These results show that the way the glue is applied, crucially enhances the toughness of the anchorage without the need of additional material intake. This work is a starting point to study the evolution of tough and universal thread anchorages among spiders, and to develop bioinspired ‘instant’ anchorages of thread- and cable-like structures to a broad bandwidth of substrates.
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Yang, Chun Ming, i Sheng Jun Shao. "The Application of Analytical Solution for Critical Anchorage Length on the Bolt of Rock Bolt Crane Girder". Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (maj 2012): 626–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.626.
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The anchorage length of the bolt in rock bolt crane girder is obtained by means of rigid limit equilibrium method and the critical the anchorage length of bolt is calculated by analytical solution. Combined with the calculation results, the analysis on the mechanical characteristics is carried on by building the finite element model of rock bolt crane girder with different anchorage length of bolt. The analysis results indicate that the bearing characteristics of rock bolt crane girder are not improved significantly with the increase of anchorage length when the anchorage length of bolt exceeds the engineering critical anchorage length. The existence of critical anchorage length of blot is proved further, and the rationality of analytical solution for critical anchorage length is validated.
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Kim, Jin-Kook, Yangsu Kwon i Hyo-Gyoung Kwak. "Anchorage Zone Behavior in the Slab with Flat Anchorage". Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 14, nr 1 (28.02.2014): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2014.14.1.67.
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Sun, Yamin, Kuihua Mei, Shengjiang Sun, Tao Wang i Xiang Ren. "Optimal Design of a Novel Composite Anchorage for Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Tendons". Polymers 14, nr 10 (17.05.2022): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14102048.
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In this study, we proposed a novel composite anchorage that considers the anchoring performance and dimension simultaneously. The design concept of this composite anchorage was first introduced, followed by comparison with the traditional inner-cone bond-type anchorage and traditional composite anchorage through theoretical and experimental methods. Then, a parametric study was conducted to determine the influence of different parameters on the anchoring performance, and the optimal design parameters were recommended according to the finite element (FE) and test results. Finally, the practicability of the optimal design parameters were validated through experiments on the anchorage with multiple CFRP tendons. Results showed that the novel composite anchorage could improve the anchoring performance compared with the traditional inner-cone bond-type anchorage by promoting increased anchorage efficiency by 60.4% and, with an ideal failure mode of tendon rupture. Moreover, the novel composite anchorage had smaller dimensions and avoided the presence of a vulnerable position at the junction of the mechanical and bond parts compared with the traditional composite anchorage. In addition, a group of optimal design parameters of this composite anchorage with a pre-tightening force of 130 kN, an inclinational differential angle of 0.1°, an inclination angle of 2.9°, and an embedded length of 30 d~40 d were proposed. The composite anchorage with five CFRP tendons designed with the proposed parameters failed with the rupture of the tendons and exhibited an anchoring efficiency of 1.05. This result showed that the optimal parameters were suitable for this novel composite anchorage to grip multiple tendons. This study can provide an experimental and theoretical basis for designing large-tonnage anchorage for multiple FRP tendons used as hangers or cables in real bridges.
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Kalra, Amit, Nitin Jaggi, Gaurav Jasoria, Wamiq Shamim, Saurabh Rathore i Mona Manchanda. "Miniscrew Implants as Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics: A Comprehensive Review". Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, nr 5 (2013): 993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1439.
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ABSTRACT In recent times, the use of miniscrew implants to obtain absolute anchorage has gained momentum in clinical orthodontics as rigid anchorage modality. Miniscrew implants offers many advantages when used as temporary anchorage devices like, easy placement and removal, immediate loading, can be used in a variety of locations, provide absolute anchorage, economic and requires less patient cooperation. This makes them as a necessary treatment option in cases with critical anchorage that would have otherwise resulted in anchorage loss if treated with conventional means of anchorage. The aim of this comprehensive review is to highlight the gradual evolution, clinical use, advantages and disadvantages of the miniscrew implants when used to obtain a temporary but absolute skeletal anchorage for orthodontic applications. How to cite this article Jasoria G, Shamim W, Rathore S, Kalra A, Manchanda M, Jaggi N. Miniscrew Implants as Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics: A Comprehensive Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):993-999.
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Vijayalakshmi, PS, i AS Veereshi. "Temporary Orthodontic Anchorage Devices". World Journal of Dentistry 1, nr 2 (2010): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1021.
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ABSTRACT Efficient anchorage control is one of the important requisites for successful orthodontic treatment. The conventional means of anchorage control have been the use of transpalatal /lingual arch and palatal button but disadvantage is they do not provide absolute anchorage. Though the use of headgear provide efficient anchorage control, the patients are not compliant in using a headgear. Orthodontic implants have provided us with noncompliant and efficient means of anchorage control. This article traces the journey of development of implants as temporary anchorage devices.
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Manea, A. M., M. D. Iozsa, C. Stan i A. Ioniţă. "Finite element analysis for testing safety-belt anchorages". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1235, nr 1 (1.03.2022): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1235/1/012048.
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Abstract The passive safety of the vehicle is ensured by designing optimized restraint systems to protect the occupants during the accident. The safety-belts have the role of restraining the occupants of the car on the seat during an impact or in the event of a rollover. Their retention prevents or minimizes the impact between the occupants and the interior components of the passenger compartment. Two simplified models of seat structures are proposed to determine the strength of the safety-belts anchorages. The test of the anchorage for safety-belts of the two seat models is performed in accordance with Regulation no. 14 UNECE. For the two seat models, a three-dimensional resistance structure was made. The 3D models of the seats were inserted in the FEA software. The analysis of the models is done by the finite element method with the Static Structural module of the FEA software. A tensile force is applied during the test on the safety-belts anchorages. The traction force shall be applied in the direction corresponding to the seating position, at an angle of 10°±5° above the horizontal, in a plane parallel to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle. During the tests the safety-belt anchorages shall withstand the entire period of application of the traction force and the upper safety-belt anchorage shall not be displaced during the test forward of a transverse plane passing through the R point of the seat.
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Keum, Moon Seoung, Jae Yoon Kang, Jong Sup Park i Woo Tai Jung. "Performance Test of Swage Anchorage According to the Insert of CFRP Tendon". Key Engineering Materials 730 (luty 2017): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.452.
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Despite of the numerous advantages offered by the CFRP tendon, there are still problems to be solved. Among them, finding an effective anchoring method considering the material properties of CFRP constitutes a typically pending problem. Being an orthotropic material, the CFRP tendon presents risk of breakage under forces acting perpendicularly to the direction of the fibers. This implies that a new type of anchor should be developed for the CFRP tendon since the anchorages used for conventional steel strands cannot be readily applied. Moreover, following the growing interest given to the CFRP tendon, research is being relentlessly conducted to develop dedicated anchorages with improved performance. Accordingly, this paper presents an experimental study on the anchor performance of the swage anchorage known to be the most compact among the various types of anchor. The tests revealed that the swage anchor without insert developed about 92% of the tensile strength of the CFRP tendon whereas the swage anchor with metallic winding insert developed 100% of the tensile strength. From these results, it appears that the anchorage with outer diameter of 24 mm develops anchor performance higher than 95% of the tensile performance of the CFRP tendon and can potentially be exploited for post-tensioning.
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Mehta, Ushmita, C. Munish Reddy, Amit Kumar Khera, Pradeep Raghav, Sukanya Arya i Anusha Jaiswal. "Exploring different methods for assessing anchorage loss during orthodontic space closure: A narrative review". SRM Journal of Research in Dental Sciences 15, nr 1 (styczeń 2024): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/srmjrds.srmjrds_173_23.
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ABSTRACT To ensure successful treatment and to prevent undesired tooth movements, it’s essential to manage reciprocal forces effectively. Anchorage control becomes particularly crucial in cases involving extractions, where it can help prevent unwanted tooth movement. However, during treatment, there’s a risk of anchorage loss, which can undermine the treatment objectives. Therefore, it’s imperative to monitor molar movement and assess for anchorage loss throughout treatment. Research publications were searched on search engines such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, and articles with terms such as “anchorage management, assessment of anchorage loss, anchorage loss, space closure , en masse retraction and canine retraction” were collected. Various methods for evaluating anchorage loss are dental casts, 3-Dimensional assessment and lateral cephalogram superimposition. Dental casts works well for assessing anteroposterior anchorage loss in maxillary first molars. However, their utility in the mandibular arch is limited due to the absence of a stable reference point. Lateral cephalometry faces the challenge of superimposing bilateral structures. The recent introduction of 3D superimposition techniques offers a potential solution for assessing anchorage loss in the vertical dimension using dental casts.
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Lei, Wen Jie, i Guo Xin Xu. "Experimental Investigation on the Anchorage Mechanics of Anchorage Cable of the late Model with the Pressure Uniform". Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (grudzień 2010): 3798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.3798.
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A series of mechanical properties tests on the supporting body of anchorage cable of late model were carried out, with the forms of the supporting body structure in the anchorage segment of pressure-type anchorage cable, and the strength of surrounding rock in the anchorage segment varied. Those were aimed to study the transfer mechanism of acting forces between the supporting body in the anchorage segment of anchorage cable with pressure uniform and the bearing mortar. Those could be used to gain the distribution and magnitude of axial stress and shear stress of the supporting body, as well as the resisting shear performance of the bearing mortar. The reasonable structure of supporting body of anchorage cable with the pressure uniform could be determined by the tests results. The research showed that the axial stress is distributed with uniform linear form along the steel pipe radius of supporting body with the pressure uniform. The rib—like structure on the surface of the supporting body could improve the resisting shear properties of the bearing mortar and raise the anchorage force 0f the anchorage cable with the pressure uniform. The tests results could be used to optimize the length of the anchorage segment.
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Karamanli, Beril Demir, Hülya Kılıçoğlu i Armağan Fatih Karamanli. "Evaluation of the Effects of the Dental and Skeletal Anchored Face Mask Therapies on the Craniofacial System by Using Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis". APOS Trends in Orthodontics 7 (1.12.2017): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/apos.apos_50_17.
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Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical effects on the craniofacial complex of skeletal anchorage and dental anchorage during face mask therapy. Subjects and Methods Two nonlinear finite element (FE) simulations were performed using a three-dimensional FE model. Face mask therapy with dental anchorage in the upper canines and face mask therapy with skeletal anchorage in the piriform apertures of the maxilla were simulated. In both simulations, the magnitude of the applied force was 750 g per side, and the force direction was 30° forward and downward relative to the occlusal plane. Results The circummaxillary sutures showed greater and more uniform stresses in the skeletal anchorage model than the dental anchorage model. This is the result of the more parallel forward movement of the maxilla in the skeletal anchorage model. Conclusions In Class III malocclusions with maxillary deficiency, for improved effects on the maxilla, choosing skeletal anchorage may be more effective in face mask therapies
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Kabantsev, Oleg, i Mikhail Kovalev. "Failure Mechanisms and Parameters of Elastoplastic Deformations of Anchorage in a Damaged Concrete Base under Seismic Loading". Buildings 12, nr 1 (13.01.2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12010078.
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The article addresses mechanisms of anchorage failure in a concrete base studied within the framework of physical experiments. The authors investigated the most frequently used types of anchors, such as the cast-in-place and post-installed ones. The anchorages were studied under static and dynamic loading, similar to the seismic type. During the experiments, the post-earthquake condition of a concrete base was simulated. Within the framework of the study, the authors modified the values of such parameters, such as the anchor embedment depth, anchor steel strength, base concrete class, and base crack width. As a result of the experimental studies, the authors identified all possible failure mechanisms for versatile types of anchorages, including steel and concrete cone failures, anchor slippage at the interface with the base concrete (two types of failure mechanisms were identified), as well as the failure involving the slippage of the adhesive composition at the interface with the concrete of the anchor embedment area. The data obtained by the authors encompasses total displacements in the elastic and plastic phases of deformation, values of the bearing capacity for each type of anchorage, values of the bearing capacity reduction, and displacements following multi-cyclic loading compared to static loading. As a result of the research, the authors identified two types of patterns that anchorages follow approaching the limit state: elastic-brittle and elastoplastic mechanisms. The findings of the experimental research allowed the authors to determine the plasticity coefficients for the studied types of anchors and different failure mechanisms. The research findings can be used to justify seismic load reduction factors to be further used in the seismic design of anchorages.
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Liu, Xiao Dong, Li Ming, Li Weng Huang i Hai Lan Sun. "Research on Anchorage Location Selection in the Yangtze River Based on Multi-Objective Optimization". Applied Mechanics and Materials 738-739 (marzec 2015): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.738-739.519.
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Anchorage location selection is one of important factors concerning the safety of vessel in the Yangtze river. On the basis of the characteristics of the inland ports and channels, this paper fully considers the safety of anchoring vessels, the surrounding facilities and the vessels sailing nearby, refines the influence factors of anchorage location selection in the Yangtze river, analyses the influence factors individually, evaluates comprehensively influence factors of the Yangtze river anchorage location selection by using the multi-objective optimization method, constructs the Yangtze river anchorage location selection comprehensive evaluation model, and gives an example of anchorage location selection in Ezhou port as application instance. The establishment of the model enriches the theory related to inland river anchorage, provides theoretical guidance for the Yangtze river anchorage location selection.
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Zhao, Zenghui, Qing Ma, Yunliang Tan i Xiaojie Gao. "Load transfer mechanism and reinforcement effect of segmentally yieldable anchorage in weakly consolidated soft rock". SIMULATION 95, nr 1 (14.05.2018): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549718770284.
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Mine disasters, such as large deformation, floor heave, and roof fall, occur extremely easily in weakly consolidated soft rock strata in western China, posing enormous challenges to traditional anchorage support design. To avoid tensile failure of bolts as a result of the superposition effect of stress accumulation, a segmentally yieldable anchorage support, taking into consideration the different failure zones in surrounding rock, is presented in this paper. First, load transfer mechanisms and the process of anchorage failure are analyzed for end anchorage, full-length anchorage, and segmentally yieldable anchorage based on numerical pull-out tests. Results show that the load transfer follows a multipeak chain-like trend in the case of multipoint segmental anchorage, and that the peaks of stress attenuate slowly. Therefore, the proposed anchorage type can leverage the shear strength effectively. Furthermore, numerical models for the applications of the aforementioned three different anchoring modes to weakly consolidated soft strata are established. Results indicate that segmentally yieldable anchorage can withstand larger tensile deformation and surrounding rock deformation. Moreover, the bolt shows higher strength reservation. A combination of these characteristics is conducive to controlling deformation and damage during roadway excavation.
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Urbańska, Dorota, Tomasz Trapko, Michał Musiał i Tomasz Kowalik. "Influence of the Anchorage of PBO-FRCM Composites on the Effectiveness of Behaviour of Shearing Beams". Materials Science Forum 866 (sierpień 2016): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.866.129.
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The shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with cement based composite materials (FRCM system) was investigated in this paper. The analysis refers to PBO-FRCM system made by PBO fibres (p-Phenylene Benzobis Oxazole) and cement based mortar. The use of cement mortar is connected with the slip phenomenon that occurs between the matrix layer and the fibres. This phenomenon leads to premature debonding of the ends of the composite and the loss of the shear capacity. To prevent this, designed end-anchorage systems is needed. Therefore, the laboratory tests on reinforced concrete beams strengthened in a shear with PBO-FRCM system were conducted. At this aim tests on three strengthened RC beams with different end-anchorages systems have been preformed and obtained results discussed. The experimental results revealed that the use of FRCM composites increased the shear capacity and construction of end-anchorage of composite had an impact on shear capacity.