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Rosenberger, Corinne. "Etude biochimique de l'autisme : analyse linéaire discriminante". Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P243.
Pełny tekst źródłaMenéndez, Ramón. "L'autisme : une analyse critique des différents courants thérapeutiques : la place de la psychopathologie". Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20029.
Pełny tekst źródłaPositions on autism have been classified in two groups : defenders of organic etiology and those who support the psychogenic proposition. Our research consists in questioning this division. We retraced the history of autism from J. Itard's description of "the savage of the Aveyron". The inquiry continued with S. Freud's influence on the scientific community at the beginning of the XX century. E. Bleuler originated the word "autism", used to describe a symptom of schizophrenia. In 1943 were published two works, taht of H. Asperger on "autistic psychopaths", and taht of L. Kanner on "autistic disturbance of affective contact". From this point on, autism aroused the interest of the scientific community. B. Bettelheim published in 1967 "The Empty Fortress", inspired by analysts such as M. Klein and D. Meltzer. Frances Tustin continues this tradition. E. Schopler, formerly a disciple of Bettelheim, became his detractor. He contests the psychogenic thesis of autism and criticizes his mentor views on the mother's role in the etiology of that entity. He incited the creation of a state program (TEACCH). Schopler is influenced by two trends of thought. On the one side the cognitive with authors such as U. Frith and S. Baron-Cohen, who attempt to establish a link between cognitive impairments and neurophysiology. They define autism as an impairment of the "theory of mind". On the other side is behaviorism : I. Lovaas works on the application of behavioral techniques to autistic disorders, without taking interset in etiology. J. Lacan's teachings introduce language structure as the basis for the subjective position. His students worked on autism in order to derive the reference points necessary for psychoanalytic intervention. His remarks are illustrated by three clinical cases. Psychoanalysis is not opposed to the existence of a somatic origin of autism. However, it considers that the subject, caught in the structure of language, cannot be reduced to his or her organism
Ali, Abid. "Analyse vidéo à l'aide de réseaux de neurones profonds : une application pour l'autisme". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ4066.
Pełny tekst źródłaUnderstanding actions in videos is a crucial element of computer vision with significant implications across various fields. As our dependence on visual data grows, comprehending and interpreting human actions in videos becomes essential for advancing technologies in surveillance, healthcare, autonomous systems, and human-computer interaction. The accurate interpretation of actions in videos is fundamental for creating intelligent systems that can effectively navigate and respond to the complexities of the real world. In this context, advances in action understanding push the boundaries of computer vision and play a crucial role in shaping the landscape of cutting-edge applications that impact our daily lives. Computer vision has made significant progress with the rise of deep learning methods such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) pushing the boundaries of computer vision and enabling the computer vision community to advance in many domains, including image segmentation, object detection, scene understanding, and more. However, video processing remains limited compared to static images. In this thesis, we focus on action understanding, dividing it into two main parts: action recognition and action detection, and their application in the medical domain for autism analysis.In this thesis, we explore the various aspects and challenges of video understanding from a general and an application-specific perspective. We then present our contributions and solutions to address these challenges. In addition, we introduce the ACTIVIS dataset, designed to diagnose autism in young children. Our work is divided into two main parts: generic modeling and applied models. Initially, we focus on adapting image models for action recognition tasks by incorporating temporal modeling using parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques. We also address real-time action detection and anticipation by proposing a new joint model for action anticipation and online action detection in real-life scenarios. Furthermore, we introduce a new task called 'loose-interaction' in dyadic situations and its applications in autism analysis. Finally, we concentrate on the applied aspect of video understanding by proposing an action recognition model for repetitive behaviors in videos of autistic individuals. We conclude by proposing a weakly-supervised method to estimate the severity score of autistic children in long videos
Durand, Christelle. "Etudes génétiques des protéines synaptiques dans l'autisme : implication du gène SHANK3". Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077125.
Pełny tekst źródłaAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) affect at least 1/200 individuals and are characterized by impairments in communication skills and social interactions, as well as restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior. The first mutations were described in autism in two genes NLGN3 and NLGN4. Neuroligins (NLGN) are located at the postsynaptic side of the synapse and bind to other cell adhesion molecules called neurexins located on the pre-synaptic side of the synapse. On the bases of these results, the aim of my work was to identify new genes in this pathway. I worked on three genes, which encoded synaptic proteins: PCDHX and Y (cell adhesion molecules), SHANK3, and the Glutamate Receptor lonotropic Kainate 2 gene (GRIK2). The main results were obtained on SHANK3, a major scaffolding protein of the postsynaptic density (PSD), which interacts with Neuroligins. During this study, I identified many variations in patients with ASD : a de novo deletion in a child with autism ; a de novo insertion of a guanine nucleotide in two brothers with autism, which creates a putative truncated protein ; and a terminal 22q deletion in one girl referred for a severe language delay and a 22qter partial trisomy in her brother with Asperger syndrome who presented a fluent language. These results demonstrate major role of SHANK3 in the 22q13. 3 microdeletion syndrome characterized by neonatal hypotonia, absent to severely delayed speech, and autistic features. And they shed light on one synaptic pathway, sensitive to gene dosage, and associated to ASD involving NLGN, NRXN and SHANK3
Delaby, Elsa. "Dissection de l'architecture génétique de l'autisme par analyse des variations du nombre de copies de gènes". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066242/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaNon renseigné
Chaste, Pauline. "Exploration de deux processus associés à l'autisme : la synaptogénèse et la signalisation de la mélatonine". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077126.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe search for rare mutations or chromosomal rearrangements, has recently allowed new hypotheses regarding the genetic mechanisms involved in autism. Previous studies in the laboratory have allowed to show mutations of neuroligins 3 and 4, which encode neuronal cell adhesion molecules. My thesis was in the continuity of this work, pursuing a strategy of search of rare mutations in candidate genes. I studied the one hand MAGI2 gene, which encodes a partner of neuroligins, in 96 subjects with autism. On the other hand, I studied genes of the melatonin pathway in patients with autism, and ADHD subjects, to clarify the mechanisms and specificity of alterations of this pathway. Also my work has included clinical reevaluation of patients who carried mutations of SHANK3. The study of MAGI2 and SHANK3 genes showed that mutations in neuroligins partners may have a role in the emergence of an "isolated" autistic syndrome. However, the gene MAGI2 does not seem particularly involved in autism, and may be associated with a more severe phenotype. The study of the melatonin pathway confïrms the likely preponderance of a deficit of melatonin synthesis as a mechanism for alteration of this pathway in autism and that alteration of this pathway is not specific to autism. Finally, the two processes explored in this thesis could play a role in a common process; the maintenance of synaptic homeostasis
Bédard, Charlène, i Charlène Bédard. "Analyse des similitudes et des différences entre les besoins de soutien des pères et des mères vivant avec un enfant présentant un trouble du spectre de l'autisme". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37219.
Pełny tekst źródłaLes parents qui vivent avec un enfant présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) ont besoin d’accéder à différents types de soutien pour assumer leurs responsabilités parentales sans s’épuiser. Ceci leur permet d’accéder à une qualité de vie et à une participation sociale plus optimales. Les objectifs de ce mémoire en service social sont de (1) documenter les similitudes et les différences entre les besoins de soutien des mères et des pères vivant avec un enfant présentant un TSA et (2) d’identifier quel type de soutien destiné au couple semble nécessaire par le père et par la mère pour avoir une vie conjugale satisfaisante. Une combinaison de la typologie des besoins de Tétreault et collaborateurs (2012) et du Modèle de développement humain – Processus de production du handicap (MDH-PPH) de Fougeyrollas (2010) constitue le cadre d’analyse de cette recherche. Afin de recueillir les données, deux groupes de discussion et trois entrevues individuelles ont été réalisés auprès de six mères, quatre pères et un beau-père, tous vivant avec un enfant âgé de 5 à 10 ans présentant un TSA. L’analyse thématique de contenu relève que le besoin de soutien prioritaire de ces parents est le soutien éducationnel. Les pères mentionnent un besoin de soutien informationnel et de soutien pour la socialisation de leur enfant ainsi que pour la participation à des activités sociales et de loisirs. Les mères présentent des besoins importants de répit et d’aide pour les activités de la vie domestique. Les problèmes d’accessibilité des services semblent exacerber les inégalités entre les familles consultées. Les recherches futures devraient explorer les points de vue de parents issus de différentes configurations familiales et de milieux socioéconomiques variés. Une meilleure compréhension de leurs besoins est essentielle pour adapter les pratiques des intervenantes et des intervenants impliqués dans leur vie quotidienne.
Parents living with a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) need access to different types of support to fulfill their parenting responsibilities without becoming exhausted. Moreover, this gives them access to a more optimal quality of life and social participation. The objectives of this research project carried out as part of this master’s thesis in social work are: (1) to document the similarities and differences in support needs of fathers and mothers living with a child with ASD and (2) to identify what type of support for the couple seems necessary in order for the father and the mother to have a satisfactory life as a couple. A combination of the typology of the needs of Tétreault et al. (2012) and the Human Development Model-Disability Production Process (MDH-PPH) by Fougeyrollas (2010), constitutes the analytical framework for this research. To collect the data, two focus groups and three one-on-one interviews were conducted with six mothers, four fathers and one stepfather living with a child with ASD aged 5 to 10 years old. The thematic content analysis notes that parents' need for priority support is educational support. For their part, fathers have a need for support of the socialization of their child, their participation in social and recreational activities, and informational support. Mothers have great needs for respite and help with the activities of daily living. The problems having access to services seem to exacerbate social inequalities between families. Future research should explore the perspectives of parents from different family configurations and varied socio-economic backgrounds. A better understanding of the needs of parents is essential to adapt the practices of the caregivers and therapists involved in the families’ daily lives.
Parents living with a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) need access to different types of support to fulfill their parenting responsibilities without becoming exhausted. Moreover, this gives them access to a more optimal quality of life and social participation. The objectives of this research project carried out as part of this master’s thesis in social work are: (1) to document the similarities and differences in support needs of fathers and mothers living with a child with ASD and (2) to identify what type of support for the couple seems necessary in order for the father and the mother to have a satisfactory life as a couple. A combination of the typology of the needs of Tétreault et al. (2012) and the Human Development Model-Disability Production Process (MDH-PPH) by Fougeyrollas (2010), constitutes the analytical framework for this research. To collect the data, two focus groups and three one-on-one interviews were conducted with six mothers, four fathers and one stepfather living with a child with ASD aged 5 to 10 years old. The thematic content analysis notes that parents' need for priority support is educational support. For their part, fathers have a need for support of the socialization of their child, their participation in social and recreational activities, and informational support. Mothers have great needs for respite and help with the activities of daily living. The problems having access to services seem to exacerbate social inequalities between families. Future research should explore the perspectives of parents from different family configurations and varied socio-economic backgrounds. A better understanding of the needs of parents is essential to adapt the practices of the caregivers and therapists involved in the families’ daily lives.
Dell'Armi, Mélina. "Identification des besoins familiaux et évaluation d'un programme de répit : intervention appliquée aux parents d'enfants avec Troubles du spectre de l'autisme". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20059/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMany studies have highlighted that Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have a significant impact on theindividual’s daily life, and his/her relatives (i.e. family and parents). Research in this area has thereforeincreasingly focused on the family, providing resources, support and services. Indeed, their role in thechild’s support is of prime importance, and appropriate support for carers is also indirect support for thechild. While parents are the primary users of the proposed devices, availability of such services stillremain inadequate, and do not play an important role in the implementation of interventionsStudy 1 aims to translate and validate a French version of the Family Needs Questionnaire (FNQ). Theresults have demonstrated good psychometric validity, suggesting that this instrument is adequate toevaluate family needs in a sample of French parents of children with ASD. Study 2, assesses the needs ofmothers of children with ASD, using the FNG-Fr and the Family Needs Survey. Qualitative measures suchas open questions and semi-structured interviews were also used. Study 3 focuses on evaluation of thefamily needs by comparing parents of children with ASD and parents of children with Specific LanguageImpairments (SLI). School-centered needs, needs for child’s social life and respite time needs were ratedas the most unmet needs by parents of children with ASD. Findings from semi-structured interviews andopen question have also highlight such needs that were significantly different compared to those ofparents of with SLI, suggesting specific needs for parents of children with ASD. And study 4 was based ona longitudinal design for evaluating the impact of an at-home intervention program, allowing a respitetime for the families. While parental satisfaction was high, no impact on variables assessing parents’quality of life was found
Tourte, Alain. "Quel traitement pour le sujet autiste ? : exposé et analyse critique des principales approches de l'autisme : les différents moyens mis en oeuvre par le sujet autiste pour compenser sa carence symbolique : développement d'un traitement possible du sujet autiste". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG046.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work supports an approach of autism as non deficient. It focuses on treatment, support and subjective evolution of the autistic subject. It develops a care centered on specificity and singularity of this subject. It makes the hypothesis that there is a subject working his way through in autism, desperately trying to stop what invades him, to moderate his anxiety, to symbolize his world. Our lacanian reading of the major approaches to autism (psychoanalytical, behaviorism, cognitivism) allows to develop the conditions and methods of a treatment that helps the autistic subject to re-start in the dynamics of language, stimulates his opening in others, in knowledge, and in social links. This evolution requires the elaboration of an « autistic symptom ». We underline the essential therapeutic function of various means of compensation (or « suppletion basis ») for the symbolic deficiency used by the autistic subject. And we specify the function and determining role of the therapist during the treatment. Finally, we define a differential clinical approach between autism and psychosis
Paraschivescu, Cristina. "Le rôle régulateur des cytokines dans le neurodéveloppement et le comportement au début de la période postnatale : Étude de l'impact du TNF sur le comportement de la souris au début de la période postnatale et une nouvelle approche d'analyse de données appliquée au modèle murin de l'autisme basée sur l'activation de l’immunité maternelle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR6027.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoth preclinical and clinical studies have shown that immune activation and inflammation during the early stages of neurodevelopment increase the risk of neurodevelopment disorders and behaviour abnormalities in adults. While the underlying mechanisms have only been partially elucidated, experiments in the maternal immune activation mouse model (MIA) – in which pregnant dams are injected with the viral mimic poly(I:C) – have demonstrated the critical role of two cytokines: interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17A. However, the vast majority of the studies performed to date have used behavioural tests in adult mice as a read out to study the impact of cytokines on neurodevelopment. Therefore, it is not clear whether altered levels of other cytokines during the perinatal period could impact neurodevelopment and behaviour in infant mice. To address this issue, we have analysed the progeny of several cohorts of poly(I:C)- and saline-injected mothers for behaviour between postnatal day 5 (P5) and P15 and serum cytokine levels at P15. Because both perinatal neurodevelopment and cytokine production are known or believed to be impacted by many environmental variables, we analysed our data using a multivariable statistical model to identify features associated with being born to a poly(I:C)-injected mother (as opposed to being born to a saline-injected mother). We found that the drop of body weight and temperature of the mother after poly(I:C) injection, the litter size, the pup weight at P15, the number of ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) emitted by the pup at P6, the distance travelled by the pup and the time it spent mobile at P13, as well as serum levels of Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF), IL-5, IL-15 and C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL)10 were all associated with altered odds of being born to a poly(I:C)-injected mother. To further explore the role of TNF during the early postnatal period, we injected mouse pups daily from P1 to P5 and assessed these animals for both developmental milestones and behaviour from P8 to P15. Unexpectedly, injection of recombinant TNF did not have a detrimental impact on neurodevelopment but rather promoted sensorimotor reflexes acquisition and exploratory behaviour. Altogether, our results confirm that cytokines play a critical role during neurodevelopment and that altered levels of specific cytokines, and in particular TNF, could regulate the acquisition of developmental milestones and behaviour in infant mice. While we have only obtained preliminary insights into underlying mechanisms, the protocols that we have developed provide a framework for further studies
Jochaut-Roussillon, Delphine. "Analyse comparée de la pathologie du traitement temporel auditif dans les troubles du spectre autistique et la dyslexie". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066723/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research aimed to better understand two language disorders : those associated with autism spectrum disorder and dyslexia. Recent advances indicate how cortical collective neural behaviour intervene in speech segmentation and decoding. Cortical oscillations allow integration temporal windows at syllabic (4-7 Hz) and phonemic (25-35 Hz) time scale, resulting in chunking continuous speech signal into linguistically relevant units. We measured slow fluctuations of rhythmic cortical activity and their topography in healthy subjects, in subjects with autism spectrum disorder and in dyslexic subjects using combined fMRI and EEG. We showed that the sensitivity to syllabic and phonemic density is atypical in dyslexia and in autism. In autism gamma and theta activity do not engage synergistically in response to speech. Theta activity in left auditory cortex fails to track speech modulations and to down-regulate gamma oscillations that encode speech acoustic details. The language disorder in autism results from an altered coupling of slow and fast oscillations that disrupts the temporal organization of the speech neural code. In dyslexia, theta activity is not altered and theta-paced readout of gamma activity is preserved, enabling the phonemic decoding, even atypical (faster). In both pathologies, auditory oscillatory anomalies lead to atypical oscillation-based connectivity between auditory and other language cortices
Charles, Émilie. "Les préalables à l’émergence des échanges de regards spontanés avec l’autre chez l’enfant autiste". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=4456&f=29084.
Pełny tekst źródłaEye contact and attention express an active investment in others during social interaction. The gaze movement reflects an instinctive game between corporality and otherness. It also introduces an intersubjective space. A glance directed to others makes perceptible the intangible characteristics of this relational movement between one and others. The goal of the present thesis work is to question and identify prerequisites that support the emergence of eye contact for the autistic child. Our study shows that autistic children do not practice mandatory eye-contact avoidance. The sensory integration difficulties identified in autism, which are related to modulation, adjustment and synchronization, prevent the gaze from being supported by other sensorialities. Whereas the other's eye acts like a mobile mirror allowing identification, the autistic child can't fully take advantage of it depending on the evolution of his sensorial integration. The physical and subjective construction of the child remains precarious, as do the learning of relational implicit and communication. Nevertheless, thanks to qualitative and systematic micro-analysis of relational exchanges within a semi-structured situation as part of a standardized evaluation test, we identified precursors to the emergence of spontaneous and intersubjective eye contact in autistic children aged 2 to 4 years. Those sensorimotor precursors of the investment of the own body and emotional sharing, can be mobilized in the transferential link, in order to support the relaunch of the gaze's participation in figuration processes, but also to promote increasingly spontaneous and intentional gazes in intersubjective communication. This suggests interesting therapeutic avenues
Zorn, Sabine. "L’aide en classe : le cas de collégiens avec un trouble du spectre de l’autisme et de leurs enseignants". Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100067.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD thesis focused on help taking place in class between lower secondary school students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their teachers, in an inclusive education setting. Help was studied from the students’ (help seeking) and the teachers’ (help giving) perspectives. The participants were 11 lower secondary school students with ASD, 17 of their teachers and 14 parents. Students and their teachers were filmed both in resource and in general classrooms, and they were interviewed about help in the classroom. The students’ parents were interviewedabout their child’s academic background, and they completed the Vineland II scale. The analyses showed that lower secondary school students with ASD had mostly low levels of adaptive behavior and that there were no statistically significant relationships between the students’ adaptive behavior and their academic achievement or school career. In addition, the analyses revealed that almost all students with ASD sought help from their teachers in the classroom, and that they most frequently proceeded by formulating their requests out loud (thusinterrupting the teacher). About one third of the students’ requests for help consisted of the expression of a difficulty; they also requested, but to a lesser extent, instrumental help, help concerning the organization of their work, and confirmations. As for teachers, the results showed that they responded to most students’ requests, mainly by providing them generic type of help (i.e., positive or encouraging feedback on the student’s work, additional instructionsand/or explanations). The results are discussed with regard to the French literature on help in the classroom
Carone, Simona <1976>. "Analisi di varianti strutturali e di sequenza in geni candidati per l'autismo sul cromosoma 2q". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/45/1/Tesi_Dottorato_Simona_Carone.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaCarone, Simona <1976>. "Analisi di varianti strutturali e di sequenza in geni candidati per l'autismo sul cromosoma 2q". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/45/.
Pełny tekst źródłaKieffer, Félicie. "Étude par analyses protéomiques du rôle de SUMO et de FMRP dans la régulation de la diversité protéique de la synapse". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2022COAZ6016.
Pełny tekst źródłaSynapses are highly specialized structures that interconnect neurons to form functional networks dedicated to neuronal communication. Synapses undergo numerous rearrangements including constant changes in their protein composition. In order to create protein diversity, several processes come into play, from transcription to translation local to the synapses. Indeed, from the same gene, several proteins can be synthesized under the action of different stages of mRNA maturation. Moreover, once synthesized, proteins can also undergo post-translational modifications such as methylation, ubiquitination or SUMOylation, which can modify their stability, their localization or their ability to interact. Thus, many processes are involved in protein diversity, themselves involving many actors. During my thesis, I studied the role of two actors in the regulation of protein diversity at the synapse: SUMO and FMRP. These studies allowed me to gain a broad view of the importance of SUMO and FMRP in neuronal physiology through proteomic analyses.SUMOylation is a post-translational modification that consists in the covalent but reversible attachment of the SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like-Modifier) peptide to a target protein. Although mostly present in the nucleus, SUMO is also an important regulator of synaptic functions. To obtain a comprehensive view of endogenous SUMO-modified synaptic proteins, we combined subcellular fractionation of rat brains with immunoprecipitation coupled to mass spectrometry analysis. Our screen identified 803 SUMOylated candidate proteins, which represents approximately 18% of the synaptic proteome. Our dataset includes neurotransmitter receptors, transporters, adhesion molecules, scaffolding proteins as well as vesicular trafficking and cytoskeleton-associated proteins, defining SUMO as a central regulator of synaptic organization and function. Furthermore, many of the proteins identified in our screen are directly involved in neurological disorders, suggesting a participation of SUMOylation in the etiology of brain diseases. The identification and characterization of these SUMOylated proteins highlight that SUMOylation participates in protein complexity at the synapse, regulating many neuronal functions.Another important player in synaptic protein diversity is the FMRP protein. It is an RNA-binding protein that is absent in patients with Fragile-X Syndrome (FXS). This neurodevelopmental disorder is the major cause of hereditary intellectual disability and the first monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). FMRP is a predominantly cytoplasmic protein known to control local mRNA translation at the synapse. Interestingly, FMRP has both nuclear import and export signals. However, the functions of the protein in the nucleus remain poorly documented to date, particularly in mammalian neurons. By co-purification experiments coupled to mass spectrometry analysis, we have characterized the nuclear interactome of FMRP. This includes several proteins involved in transcription, splicing or nuclear export of mRNAs. Our work suggests that FMRP is a regulator of protein diversity by controlling not only local translation at the synapse but also by participating in the diversity of the transcripts repertoire modulating for example, splicing or editing
Grossard, Charline. "Evaluation et rééducation des expressions faciales émotionnelles chez l’enfant avec TSA : le projet JEMImE Serious games to teach social interactions and emotions to individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) Children facial expression production : influence of age, gender, emotion subtype, elicitation condition and culture". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS625.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in socials skills, as emotion recognition and production. Several studies focused on emotional facial expressions (EFE) recognition, but few worked on its production, either in typical children or in children with ASD. Nowadays, information and communication technologies are used to work on social skills in ASD but few studies using these technologies focus on EFE production. After a literature review, we found only 4 games regarding EFE production. Our final goal was to create the serious game JEMImE to work on EFE production with children with ASD using an automatic feedback. We first created a dataset of EFE of typical children and children with ASD to train an EFE recognition algorithm and to study their production skills. Several factors modulate them, such as age, type of emotion or culture. We observed that human judges and the algorithm assess the quality of the EFE of children with ASD as poorer than the EFE of typical children. Also, the EFE recognition algorithm needs more features to classify their EFE. We then integrated the algorithm in JEMImE to give the child a visual feedback in real time to correct his/her productions. A pilot study including 23 children with ASD showed that children are able to adapt their productions thanks to the feedback given by the algorithm and illustrated an overall good subjective experience with JEMImE. The beta version of JEMImE shows promising potential and encourages further development of the game in order to offer longer game exposure to children with ASD and so allow a reliable assessment of the effect of this training on their production of EFE
Castagnola, Sara. "Le rôle de la signalisation calcique dans le Syndrome de l'X fragile". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR4043.
Pełny tekst źródłaFragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability (ID) and the primary cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It originates from the lack of expression of the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) gene which encodes the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). FMRP is an RNA-binding protein involved in different steps of RNA metabolism, ranging from RNA transport to translational control of mRNAs at soma and at synapses. To identify the repertoire of mRNA targets of FMRP, we used the high-throughput sequencing of RNAs isolated by crosslinking immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP or CLIP-seq), resulting in the identification of 1065 mRNAs bound by FMRP with high affinity. Remarkably, a number of them encode regulators of ion homeostasis and, in particular, several calcium homeostasis players. I started from these findings to develop the first axis of my thesis focused on the understanding of Ca2+ homeostasis in FXS. In particular, I focused on one of the most enriched mRNA targets of FMRP, namely Cacna1a. This gene encodes the pore-forming subunit of the P/Q type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (VGCC) Cav2.1, which is particularly expressed in neurons, both in axon terminal and somatodendritic compartments. The Cav2.1 channel allows the entry of calcium in the cytosol of neurons upon membrane depolarization and several intracellular changes derive from this calcium influx, notably neurotransmitter release and calcium-dependent gene transcription. My goal was to analyze the correlation between the lack of FMRP and the expression of Cacna1a in primary neuronal cultures, in order to define the role of this gene and its protein in the pathophysiology of FXS. For this purpose, I carried out a functional analysis of calcium regulation using a calcium-imaging approach in mouse cultured Fmr1-Knock-Out (KO) cortical/hippocampal neurons, and I observed that these neurons display a weaker and slower Ca2+ response to KCl-dependent depolarization than wild-type (WT) neurons. Consistent with these findings, I also showed that the protein product of Cacna1a has a reduced activity/expression at the plasma membrane of mutant mice compared to WT. Altogether, my results pinpoint a new phenotype for cultured Fmr1-KO neurons and describe calcium homeostasis impairment as a new biomarker in this cellular model. In the second axis of my work, my interest further expanded toward the study of the role of Ca2+ homeostasis in different cellular populations that compose the brain in the presence and in the absence of FMRP. To better describe the cell type diversity observed during the previous neuronal imaging and define which molecular characteristics belong to which neuronal sub-group, I developed a new powerful tool called “agonist-induced Functional Analysis and Cell Sorting” (aiFACS). This technique allows to stimulate and analyze a neuronal response to a pharmacological agonist at a single-cell level and to simultaneously sort cells accordingly. Subsequent “-omic” investigation can then define the cell identity and the molecular determinants that characterize the response of WT versus Fmr1-KO neurons. By doing so, I was able to highlight a marked deregulation of interneuron excitability, which adds a step in the direction of drawing a detailed chemical map of the rodent brain
Bourque, Annie-Claude. "Analyse de contenu de modèles globaux d'intervention pour une meilleure compréhension du processus de priorisation des stratégies d'intervention spécifiques". Thèse, 2019. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9341/1/eprint9341.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDesrochers, Kathy. "Analyse de l'efficacité d'un programme d'intervention sensori-motrice sur l'acquisition et l'amélioration des habiletés motrices d'élèves ayant un trouble du spectre de l'autisme". Thèse, 2015. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7672/1/031014168.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMainville, Carolyne. "Modélisation et analyse des interventions d’équitation thérapeutique utilisées à des fins de réadaptation". Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10592.
Pełny tekst źródłaContext and research question. According to the Canadian Therapeutic Riding Association, therapeutic riding regroups all equestrian activities offered to persons with disabilities. Therapeutic riding can be divided into different approaches, including hippotherapy, a rehabilitation strategy practiced by occupational therapists, physiotherapists and speech language specialists. Hippotherapy bases itself on the three dimensional movement created by the horse which favours the improvement of various neuromotor skills such as muscle tone of the trunk and head, standing posture and postural adjustments. Although therapeutic riding is gaining momentum in Quebec, official regulation still does not exist. As a consequence, much confusion exists between the different forms of therapeutic riding and hippotherapy (presently the only medically recognised rehabilitation therapy using horses). Clientele presenting with severe neuro-musculo-skeletal disabilities are often and regularly referred to centers not offering hippotherapy and are thus exposed to important risk. Objectives. To modelize therapeutic riding interventions in order to make the components and relationships of these interventions explicit. To also analyze the plausibility that these interventions will reach the set therapeutic goals. Methodology. Therapeutic riding techniques were modelized via interviews with the main therapists offering therapeutic riding services in Quebec. A literary review of the rehabilitation principles guiding these interventions was also conducted. Results. The created models helped improve the knowledge of therapeutic riding and hippotherapy practices in Quebec. Consequences. The models have allowed the conversation surrounding regulation of these practices in Quebec and Canada to begin as well as promoted the reference process to the various centers offering these services.
Meilleur, Alexa. "Temporal processing in autism spectrum disorder and developmental dyslexia : a systematic review and meta-analysis". Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25142.
Pełny tekst źródłaIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or developmental dyslexia (DD) are commonly reported to have deficits in temporal processing. These deficits can impact higher-order processes, such as social communication, reading and writing. In this thesis, quantitative meta-analyses are used to examine two temporal processing tasks, with the following objectives: 1) determine whether temporal processing deficits are a consistent feature of ASD and DD across specific task contexts such as multisensory and unisensory processing, modality and stimulus type, 2) investigate the relationship between symptom severity and temporal processing, and 3) examine the effect of age on temporal processing deficits. The results provide strong evidence for impaired temporal processing in both ASD and DD, as measured by judgments of temporal order and simultaneity. Multisensory temporal processing was impaired for both ASD and DD, and unisensory auditory, tactile and visual processing was impaired in DD. Greater reading and spelling skills in DD were associated with greater temporal precision. Temporal deficits did not show changes with age in either disorder. In addition to more clearly defining temporal impairments in ASD and DD, the results highlight common and distinct patterns of temporal processing between these disorders. Deficits are discussed in relation to existing theoretical models, and recommendations are made for future research and interventions.