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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Anaerobic Digestor"
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Moletta, Marina, Nathalie Wery, Jean-Philippe Delgenes i Jean-Jacques Godon. "Microbial characteristics of biogas". Water Science and Technology 57, nr 4 (1.03.2008): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.107.
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The microbial diversity of biogas was analyzed in order to examine the aerosolization behavior of microorganisms. Six biogas samples were analyzed: five from mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestors treating different wastes, and one from landfill. Epifluorescent microscopic counts revealed 106 prokarya m−3. To assess the difference occuring in aerosolization, 498 biogas-borne 16S ribosomal DNA were analyzed and compared to published anaerobic digestor microbial diversity. Results show a large microbial diversity and strong discrepancy with digestor microbial diversity. Three different aerosolisation behaviour patterns can be identified: (i) that of non-aerosolized microorganisms, Deltaproteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Thermotogae, Chloroflexi phyla and sulfate-reducing groups, (ii) that of passively aerosolized microorganisms, including Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla and (iii) that of preferentially aerosolized microorganisms, including Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, as well as strictly aerobic and occasionally pathogenic species, presented high levels of aerosolization.
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Morel, E., K. Santamaria, M. Perrier, S. R. Guiot i B. Tartakovsky. "Multi-wavelength fluorometry for anaerobic digestion process monitoring". Water Science and Technology 52, nr 1-2 (1.07.2005): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0554.
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Applicability of multi-wavelength fluorometry for anaerobic digestion process monitoring was investigated in a 3.5 L upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) lab-scale reactor. Both off-line and on-line monitoring of key process parameters was tested. Off-line emission spectra were measured at an angle of 90° to the excitation beam using a cuvette. On-line measurements were carried out using a fiber optic probe in the external recirculation line of the digester. Fluorescence spectra were correlated to available analytical measurements to obtain partial least square regression models. An independent set of measurements was used to validate the regression models. Model estimations showed reasonable agreement with analytical measurements with multiple determination coefficients (R2) between 0.6 and 0.95. Results showed that off-line fluorescence measurements can be used for fast estimation of anaerobic digestor effluent quality. At the same time, the on-line implementation of multi-wavelength fluorescence measurements can be used for real-time process monitoring and, potentially, for on-line process control.
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de Vries, Jacob, Faizan Saleem, Enze Li, Alexander Wing Yip Chan, James Naphtali, Paul Naphtali, Athanasios Paschos i Herb E. Schellhorn. "Comparative Analysis of Metagenomic (Amplicon and Shotgun) DNA Sequencing to Characterize Microbial Communities in Household On-Site Wastewater Treatment Systems". Water 15, nr 2 (9.01.2023): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15020271.
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The performance of on-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs) can be improved by altering digester design and by manipulating environmental variables that affect microbial community composition. Community composition can potentially be assessed using high-throughput DNA sequencing, but the two most common methods of community DNA sequencing (16S and shotgun sequencing) generally yield different taxonomic identification profiles and can perform differently according to the sampled environment. To evaluate the use of these two approaches in monitoring OWTS operation, we conducted a comparative parallel analysis using both 16S rDNA and shotgun sequencing in a controlled field study. Results indicate that when examining microorganisms above 0.1% relative abundance, 16S and shotgun sequencing produced similar results in terms of individual sample species richness and between-sample community similarity. However, shotgun sequencing provided comparatively higher taxonomic richness for the bacterial communities with lower abundance in the OWTSs. In addition, 16S sequencing resolved only 48 out of 188 bacterial communities identified by shotgun sequencing (using a 0.1% abundance cutoff). Three key bacterial genera (Desulfomicrobium, Simplicispira, and Phenylobacterium) in anaerobic digestion processes were differentially abundant for both sequencing methods. These data indicate that both sequencing methods provide similar overall profiles for bacterial communities in anaerobic digestor systems. However, shotgun sequencing provides significantly (p-value < 0.01) higher taxonomic richness overall. Thus, shotgun sequencing provides a more robust taxonomic and functional profile that can be used for the optimization of anaerobic digestor systems.
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Rusín, Jiří, Kateřina Chamrádová i Kateřina Kašáková. "Development of the Laboratory Anaerobic Bioreactor for Wet and Dry Digestion Processes". GeoScience Engineering 62, nr 4 (1.12.2016): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2016-0024.
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Abstract This article presents partial results of the laboratory development of an anaerobic bioreactor designed for the physical modelling of (semi)continuous dry or wet anaerobic digestion processes. A horizontal cylindrical tank reactor of 0.4 m3 total capacity has been developed. The reactor allows the continuous stirring of a liquid batch or the intermittent stirring of a solid batch. The bioreactor has been used as a lab-scale digestor in the research project dealing with high-solids (dry) anaerobic co-digestion organic fraction of mixed municipal solid waste. The first experiment was performed on the mixture of MSW with corn silage (1:1) with the weight of 300 kg.
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Vaz, F., A. Torres i C. Neiva Correia. "Case study: the characteristics of the biodegradable waste for the anaerobic digestion plant in Lisbon area". Water Science and Technology 58, nr 8 (1.10.2008): 1563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.499.
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Taking into account the physical-chemical characteristics of the SC-OFMSW processed at Valorsul's anaerobic digestion plant, the influence of seasonal effects was studied. The waste presents a good quality, with a putrescible content of around 90%. In terms of chemical characteristics, the waste composition is similar to the one referred in the literature. The results show that seasonal variations seem not to affect the SC-OFMSW characteristics. The waste is very soluble and for that reason the solids content in the digester is low (TS in the digestor is 2.8%). The production of biogas is higher than the one predicted in the design operational parameters. Consequently, smaller quantities of compost are produced.
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Zhang, Kun, Yan-Ling Zhang, Xin Ouyang, Jun-Peng Li, Jun-Jie Liao, Ao You, Xiu Yue, Guang-Jian Xie, Jie-Liang Liang i Jin-Tian Li. "Genome-Centered Metagenomics Analysis Reveals the Microbial Interactions of a Syntrophic Consortium during Methane Generation in a Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System". Applied Sciences 10, nr 1 (23.12.2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010135.
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The application of anaerobic digestors to decentralized wastewater treatment systems (DWTS) has gained momentum worldwide due to their ease of operation, high efficiency, and ability to recycle wastewater. However, the microbial mechanisms responsible for the high efficiency and ability of DWTS to recycle wastewater are still unclear. In this study, the microbial community structure and function of two different anaerobic bioreactors (a primary sludge digestor, PSD, and anaerobic membrane bioreactor, AnMBR) of a DWTS located in Germany was investigated using 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomic sequencing, respectively. The results showed that the microbial community structure was remarkably different in PSD and AnMBR. Methanobacteriaceae and Syntrophaceae were identified as the families that significantly differed in abundance between these two bioreactors. We also used genome-centered metagenomics to predict the microbial interactions and methane-generating pathway, which yielded 21 near-complete assembled genomes (MAGs) (average completeness of 93.0% and contamination of 2.9%). These MAGs together represented the majority of the microbial community. MAGs affiliated with methanogenic archaea, including Methanobacterium sp., Methanomicrobiales archaea, Methanomassiliicoccales archaea, and Methanosaeta concilii, were recruited, along with other syntrophic bacterial MAGs associated with anaerobic digestion. Key genes encoding enzymes involved in specific carbohydrate-active and methanogenic pathways in MAGs were identified to illustrate the microbial functions and interactions that occur during anaerobic digestion in the wastewater treatment. From the MAG information, it was predicted that bacteria affiliated with Bacteroidetes, Prolixibacteraceae, and Synergistaceae were the key bacteria involved in anaerobic digestion. In the methane production step, Methanobacterium sp. performed hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, which reduced carbon dioxide to methane with hydrogen as the primary electron donor. Taken together, our findings provide a clear understanding of the methane-generating pathways and highlight the syntrophic interactions that occur during anaerobic digestion in DWTS.
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Freemantle, Ryan, Nick Butson, Janet Goodfellow, Julie Konzuk i James G. Longstaffe. "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Analysis of Anaerobic Microbial Metabolic Response to Benzalkonium Chloride Disinfectant". Applied Sciences 12, nr 9 (4.05.2022): 4620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094620.
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Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are disinfection agents used in industrial cleaning processes that are known to interfere with the proper functioning of anaerobic waste digestion directly impacting the quality and quantity of the biogas produced (i.e., CO2 and CH4). While the impact of these contaminants on waste digestors are well known, the impact these compounds have on the metabolic profile of an anaerobic digestor is less understood. This paper describes the use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as a non-targeted tool to monitor variations in the metabolic profile of anaerobic bioreactor microcosms simulating the treatment of food production wastewater exposed to benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a key QAC. Using NMR, the variation in the metabolic profile of these wastewater microcosms is compared to variations in the quality and quantity of the biogas produced. A clear development of propionic, isobutyric, isovaleric, and other volatile fatty acids (VFAs) is observed indicating a disruption to the overall ability of the system to convert fatty acids to methane. The ability of NMR to successfully identify the overall metabolic profile, the occurrence of the individual VFAs, and the occurrence of BAC itself in one analysis helps to provide valuable information on the metabolic pathways involved in the disruption of these anaerobic processes.
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Chen, T. H., P. Chynoweth i R. BIljetina. "Anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste in a nonmixed solids concentrating digestor". Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 24-25, nr 1 (marzec 1990): 533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02920276.
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Martínez-García, Ricardo Adolfo, Teodoro Espinosa-Solares, Jorge Flores-Velázquez, Abraham Rojano-Aguilar, Omar Reséndiz-Cantera i Abraham Jesús Arzeta-Ríos. "Mejoramiento del desempeño hidrodinámico de un digestor anaeróbico de laguna cubierta mediante CFD//Improving the hydrodynamic performance of a covered lagoon anaerobic digester by CFD". Biotecnia 22, nr 1 (18.10.2019): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v22i1.1125.
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La digestión anaeróbica de residuos de explotacionespecuarias presenta beneficios tales como, la reducción de olores y agentes patógenos, la producción de biogás y biofertilizantes. La producción de metano está influenciada, entre otros factores, por el desempeño hidrodinámico del digestor. El objetivo de esta investigación fue construir y validar un modelo numérico basado en Dinámica de Fluidos Computacional (CFD), a partir de un prototipo de un digestor anaeróbico de laguna cubierta. Las simulaciones del modelo en CFD fueron realizadas a partir de las características del reactor y las propiedades del fluido de trabajo. Para comprobar la concordancia del modelo, los resultados numéricos se relacionaron con datos experimentales generados mediante Velocimetría de Imágenes de Partículas (PIV) en un modelo a escala del digestor original. Con el modelo validado, se simularon cuatro alternativas de diseño. Los resultados mostraron mayor eficiencia del patrón de flujo al incluir recirculación. La reducción de espacio muerto entre configuraciones propuestas con respecto al original osciló entre 12,7-19,2%. La configuración de mejor desempeño hidrodinámico fue con recirculación de 2/3 de la alimentación en la entrada original y el otro tercio la distancia de 12 m y con un ángulo de 90° respecto a la línea de entrada.ABSTRACTAnaerobic digestion of livestock waste has benefits such as reduction of odours and pathogens, production of biogas and biofertilizers. Methane production is influenced, among other factors, by the hydrodynamic performance of the digester. The objective of this research was to construct and validate a numerical model based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), from a prototype of a covered lagoon anaerobic digester. CFD model simulations were performed from reactor characteristics and working fluid properties. To check the agreement of the model, the numerical results were related to experimental data generated by Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) in a scale model of the original digester. With the validated model, four design alternatives were simulated. The results showed greater efficiency of the flow pattern by including recirculation. The reduction in dead space between proposed configurations with respect to the original, ranged from 12.7-19.2%. The best hydrodynamic performance configuration was with recirculation of 2/3 of the feed at the original inlet and the other third at 12 m and at an angle of 90° to the input line.
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Deepanraj, A., S. Vijayalakshmi i J. Ranjitha. "Production of Bio Gas from Vegetable and Flowers Wastes Using Anaerobic Digestion". Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (sierpień 2015): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.803.
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The present research paper describes about the anaerobic digestion of vegetable (Banana, Cauliflower, potato, and sweet potato) and flower wastes (Rose, sambangi, gulmohar, marigold, golden shower tree, silk tree mimosa) in a 1L capacity of anaerobic digestor using pig manure as an inoculums. The digester was operated in the ratio of 1:1 of substrate to inoculums at RT. The substrate concentrations are varied such as 5%, 7%, and 10% was used and amount of gas produced was analysed using digital pressure gauge. The results obtained showed that, marigold flower had given higher yield of biogas than vegetable wastes and the digestion period was less. The average biogas production potential of withered flowers was observed as 14.36 g/kg in 5 days, where in case of vegetable wastes it was 10.0234 g/kg in 6 days. The study showed that flowers which are available in abundant in India is thrown away within a day, in the environment. These feedstocks are good feed stock for the production of biogas. The generation of biogas from flowers and vegetable waste upholds the concept of waste to wealth in enhancing sustainability of development. The future research work is mainly focused on the characterization of the main component present in the bio-gas using sophisticated instruments.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Anaerobic Digestor"
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Santiago, Aníbal da Fonseca. "Sistema condominial de coleta de esgoto e tratamento em decanto-digestor seguido de alagados construídos. Estudo de caso: município de Nova Redenção - BA". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-27022009-154750/.
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Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no município de Nova Redenção, localizado na região da Chapada Diamantina no estado da Bahia, nordeste brasileiro. Nesse município é grave o quadro de saneamento ambiental, assim como em outros do interior do Brasil. A falta de recursos financeiros e humanos é fator que dificulta a resolução desse problema. Acredita-se que estudos e aprimoramentos de tecnologias simplificadas de coleta e tratamento de esgoto doméstico que superem essas dificuldades estão em consonância com as peculiaridades dessas localidades e são, atualmente, tópicos importantes para pesquisa. Esta proposta teve como objetivo a concepção, instalação e avaliação de um sistema condominial de coleta de esgoto (SCE) em porção da zona urbana do município, onde moram, aproximadamente, 250 habitantes. Também se estudou a concepção, instalação e partida do sistema tratamento do esgoto - decanto-digestor seguido de alagados construídos de fluxo sub-superficial. Avaliou-se a aceitação do SCE pela comunidade e seu funcionamento. Caracterizaram-se os afluentes e efluentes das unidades do sistema de tratamento em termos de remoção da matéria orgânica (MO), sólidos (SST), nutrientes (N e P) e Escherichia coli. Realizou-se estudo da hidrodinâmica das unidades do sistema, com uso de traçador. Efetuou-se o balanço hídrico nos alagados. A rede condominial instalada mostrou-se, como em experiências de outros autores, satisfatória e adequada em sua aplicação em comunidades com características semelhantes à desse estudo. O aspecto da tecnologia do SCE mais estranhado pela comunidade foi o diâmetro utilizado para o esgotamento, devido, principalmente, ao receio que a tubulação entupisse. Não se registrou nenhuma queixa entre vizinhos quanto ao fato da rede passar dentro dos lotes. O sistema de tratamento estudado mostrou, depois de onze semanas de monitoramento, 85% de remoção de DQO e 86% de \'DBO IND.5\'; 90% de remoção de SST; a remoção de nitrogênio amoniacal, fósfoto total e solúvel foram de: 25%, 36% e 40%, respectivamente. A remoção de E. coli foi de 2,1 unidades logarítmicas. A areia utilizada, de granulometria muito fina, afetou sobremaneira a hidrodinâmica dos alagados construídos, fazendo com que houvesse uma lâmina sobre o material suporte. Isso diminuiu o tempo de detenção hidráulica dos alagados e pode ter ocasionado em menor eficiência do sistema.This work was developed in the city of Nova Redenção, located in the region of the Chapada Diamantina in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. In this city there are serious problems of environmental sanitation as well as in other within the country. Lack of financial and human resources is a factor that complicates the resolution of this problem. It is believed that studies and improvements in technologies for simplified collection and treatment of domestic sewage are in line with the peculiarities of these locations and are, today, important topics for research. This proposal was aimed at the design, installation and evaluation of a \'condominial\' sewerage (CS) in the village portion of the township, where live approximately 250 people. The objective of the study was also the design, installation and start of the sewage treatment system - septic tank followed by sub-superficial flow constructed wetlands. The acceptance of the CS by the community and its operation were evaluated. The treatment system was characterized in terms of removal of organic matter (OM), solids (TSS), nutrients (N and P) and Escherichia coli. The hydrodynamics of the system units was studied, using tracer. The water balance of constructed wetlands has been done. The \'condominial\' sewerage demonstrated, as well as in other experiences, good and proper application in communities with similar characteristics to this study. The community did not accept only the small diameter used, due mainly to their fear of clogging. Complaints from neighbors about the tubes passing through backyards were not registered. The treatment system study showed, after eleven weeks of monitoring, 85% of removal of COD and 86% of BOD5, 90% of removal of TSS, the removal of ammonia nitrogen, total and soluble fósfoto were: 25%, 36% and 40% respectively. The removal of E. coli was 2.1 logarithmic units. The sand used, of a very fine particle size, has particularly affected the hydrodynamics of the constructed wetlands, creating a sheet of water on the support material. It reduced the hydraulic detention time of the flooded water, which may be the cause of low efficiency.
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Castano, Juan Mauricio. "Anaerobic Digestion of Low Rate Digesters in Temperate Climates". The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1345220853.
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Moraes, Luciana de Mattos. "Avaliação da biodegradabilidade anaerobia de lodos de esgoto provenientes de reatores anaerobios sequenciais". [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257154.
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Orientador: Durval Rodrigues de Paula JuniorTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: O potencial de aplicabilidade do processo anaeróbio pode ser avaliado a partir do conhecimento de poucas características dos resíduos a serem tratados. Uma avaliação preliminar dessas características pode auxiliar na escolha do sistema de tratamento mais adequado, permitindo, dessa forma, estimativas de produção de sólidos biológicos, de requisitos de nutrientes, de produção de metano, etc. A caracterização dos resíduos, por meio de testes de biodegradabilidade, é de fundamental importância, uma vez que os resíduos apresentam grande variabilidade quanto à qualidade, quantidade, Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO) e presença de compostos orgânicos refratários. Acrescentam-se ainda outras características importantes ao tratamento anaeróbio, notadamente pH, alcalinidade, nutrientes inorgânicos, temperatura e a eventual presença de compostos potencialmente tóxicos. Durante esse trabalho foi desenvolvida uma metodologia para avaliação da biodegradabilidade anaeróbia de lodos de esgoto estabilizados por reatores anaeróbios, utilizando testes simplificados de bancada, visando promover um maior conhecimento sobre a cinética de biodegradação dos lodos. De forma a agregar informações complementares sobre os lodos estudados realizou-se também a identificação morfológica dos diferentes grupos de microrganismos responsáveis pelo processo de digestão anaeróbia. A metodologia desenvolvida propõe a determinação da ¿biodegradabilidade anaeróbia intrínseca¿ dos lodos de esgoto por meio do monitoramento da produção e da composição do biogás (quanto às concentrações de CH4 e CO2). Os testes foram realizados em frascos de 280mL de volume preenchidos com 50% do seu volume com proporções de lodo e água de forma a garantir uma concentração de Sólidos Voláteis em torno de 10mg.L-1; os outros 50% constituíram o ¿headspace¿ que, após os frascos terem sido vedados, foi preenchido com N2. Os ensaios foram realizados em mesa agitadora (150rpm), sob temperatura controlada (35°C) e tiveram a duração de 15 dias, monitorando-se a cada 2 dias, a pressão interna do frasco e a composição do biogás. A avaliação da ¿biodegradabilidade anaeróbia intrínseca¿ das amostras de lodo foi quantificada por meio da determinação da taxa específica máxima de produção de CH4 (KCH4) e da taxa específica máxima de produção de CO2 (KCO2), as quais representam os ¿coeficientes de biodegradabilidade intrínseca¿ e foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de modelos matemáticos ajustados aos perfis de concentração molar de CH4 e CO2 em função do tempo. Os resultados obtidos nos testes de biodegradabilidade refletiram, de maneira geral, o comportamento dos reatores anaeróbios seqüenciais (Sistema B) operados em escala real com TDHs de 30, 20 e 10 dias, indicando que a metodologia desenvolvida permitiu a estimativa de ¿coeficientes de biodegradabilidade anaeróbia intrínseca¿ de lodos de esgoto por meio de testes simplificados de bancada com boa reprodutibilidade
Abstract: The potential of applicability of an anaerobic process can be evaluated from the knowledge of some characteristics of the residues to be treated. A preliminary evaluation of these characteristics can assist in the choice of a more suitable treatment system, what allows to estimate the production of biological solids, requirements for nutrients, methane production, etc. The characterization of the residues, through biodegradability tests, is of fundamental importance, once that the residues present a great variability for the quality, amount, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and the presence of refractory organics. There are other important characteristics for the anaerobic treatment of sewage sludge, like pH, alkalinity, inorganic nutrients, temperature and the presence or not of very toxic compounds. During this work, a methodology for the evaluation of the anaerobic biodegradability of sewage sludge, stabilized by anaerobic reactors was developed using simplified bench tests, aiming to know more about the kinetics of biodegradation of sludge. With the intention to add complementary information about the studied sludge, it was also achieved the morphologic identification of the different groups of microorganisms that are responsible for the anaerobic digestion process. The developed methodology considers the determination of the ¿intrinsic anaerobic biodegradability¿ of sewage sludge through the monitoring of the production and of the composition of biogas (concentrations of CH4 and CO2). The tests had been carried out in bottles of 280mL filled with 50% of its volume with sludge and water ratios to guarantee a volatile solids concentration about 10mg.L-1; the other 50% constituted the ¿headspace¿ that, after the bottles had been hinted, were filled with N2. The assays had been carried through in a shaker (150rpm), under controlled temperature (35°C) and had the duration of 15 days, monitoring the pressure inside the flask and the composition of the biogas in every 2 days. The evaluation of the ¿intrinsic anaerobic biodegradability¿ of the sludge was quantified through the determination of the maximum specific tax of production of CH4 (KCH4) and of the maximum specific rate of CO2 production (KCO2), which represent the intrinsic biodegradability coefficients¿ and had been achieved through the application of mathematical models adjusted to the profiles of molar concentration of CH4 and CO2 in function of the time. The results obtained in the biodegradability tests had reflected, in a general way, the behavior of the sequential anaerobic reactors (System B) operated in real scale with HDTs (Hydraulic Detention Time) of 30, 20 and 10 days, indicating that the developed methodology allowed to estimate the ¿intrinsic biodegradability coefficients¿ of sewage sludge through simplified bench tests with good reproducibility
Doutorado
Agua e Solo
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
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Kidby, David W. "Biogas hydrogen as an indicator of digester instability in anaerobic sewage sludge digesters". Thesis, University of Essex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280473.
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Velho, Douglas Ferreira. "Digestão anaeróbia de resíduos de restaurantes: partida do reator e avaliação do biofertilizante". Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5823.
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Comitesinos - Comitê de Gerenciamento da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos
FUNDEPE - Fundação Universitária para Desenvolvimento do Ensino e da Pesquisa
Petrobras - Petróleo Brasileiro S. A.
UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
O crescente aumento na geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos, somado às formas inadequadas de tratamento e disposição contribuem de forma direta e significativa com a problemática ambiental. Diante deste cenário, se faz necessário o desenvolvimento de alternativas que permitam outros benefícios além da disposição final apropriada. A digestão anaeróbia é uma alternativa viável e economicamente interessante para tratamento da fração orgânica dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. Considerando que em nosso país a fração orgânica é predominante nos resíduos sólidos urbanos, correspondendo em média a mais de 40% na composição, ao mesmo tempo que reduz o volume de resíduos enviados para os aterros sanitários, o processo gera produtos como o biogás e biofertilizante para uso agrícola. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a tratabilidade da fração orgânica dos resíduos sólidos domésticos provenientes do preparo e pós consumo das refeições de um restaurante universitário em um reator operado por batelada e qualificar as características do biofertilizante gerado. Para atingir este objetivo, a pesquisa foi realizada em três etapas, sendo que na etapa inicial foram realizadas quatro bateladas nas quais foram analisadas a proporção adequada de resíduos e inóculo para partida do reator sem que ocorresse acidificação. A segunda etapa consistiu na realização de seis bateladas, nas quais foram monitorados os principais parâmetros de operação e a terceira etapa onde foram avaliados os parâmetros químicos, físicos e microbiológicos do biofertilizante gerado ao final dos ensaios da segunda etapa. Os resultados da primeira etapa apontaram que a proporção de 6:1 em termos de sólidos totais voláteis, sendo lodo proveniente de um reator UASB e resíduos sólidos putrescíveis respectivamente, apresentaram uma partida adequada do sistema, sem que ocorresse acidificação, com o pH variando entre 6,9 e 7,7. Na segunda fase o monitoramento dos principais parâmetros de operação permitiu que no decorrer dos ensaios a proporção em termos de STV fosse reduzida, chegando a 1:1 de inóculo e substrato respectivamente, na batelada 10, portanto permitindo o tratamento de uma quantidade maior de resíduos em relação aos ensaios iniciais. Os resultados obtidos no monitoramento apontaram que o pH manteve-se dentro da faixa considerada ideal entre 6,0 e 8,0, porém o período de vinte e dois dias adotado como tempo de retenção mostrou-se insuficiente para degradação e consequente remoção da matéria orgânica, sendo que apenas a batelada 10 mostrou-se eficiente na remoção de STV 8,1% e carbono orgânico total 33,5%. A análise física do biofertilizante gerado no final de cada ensaio apontou umidade acima do permitido pela legislação, sendo indicado apenas para uso via aspersão. Quimicamente o biofertilizante apresentou insuficiência de nitrogênio, evidenciada nas elevadas relações C:N iniciais e finais obtidas e carência de macronutrientes como fósforo cujos resultados ficaram abaixo de 1%, mínimo imposto pela legislação e potássio, elemento que não foi detectado na pelo equipamento utilizado. A qualidade sanitária do composto atendeu a legislação quanto a presença de ovos viáveis de helmintos, sendo que todos os ensaios apresentaram resultados inferiores a uma unidade/4g, porém apresentou resultados acima do limite estabelecido para coliformes termotolerantes. O teste de germinação confirmou a ausência da fitotoxidade dos produtos.
The increase in the generation of municipal solid waste, together with the inadequate forms of treatment and disposal contribute directly and significantly to the environmental problems. In this scenario, it is necessary to develop alternatives to other benefits in addition to the appropriate disposal. Anaerobic digestion is a viable alternative and economically interesting for the treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Whereas in our country the organic fraction is predominant in urban solid waste, corresponding to an average of over 40% in the composition, at the same time reducing the volume of waste sent to landfills, the process generates products such as biogas and biofertilizers for agricultural use. This research aimed to evaluate the treatability of the organic fraction of household waste from the preparation and after consumption of meals from a university restaurant in a reactor operated by batch and qualify the characteristics of the generated biofertilizers. To achieve this goal, the research was conducted in three phases, with the initial phase were held four batches were analyzed in which the proportions of the waste and inoculum for starting the reactor without acidification occurred. The second stage consisted of six batches, which were monitored in the main operating parameters and the third stage where we evaluated the chemical, physical and microbiological biofertilizer generated at the end of the second stage trials. The first step results indicated that the ratio of 6: 1 in terms of total volatile solids, and sludge from a UASB reactor and solid waste putrescible respectively, showed a suitable starting system without occur acidification to pH between 6.9 and 7.7. In the second stage, the monitoring of key operating parameters allowed during the experiment the proportion in terms STV be reduced, reaching 1: 1 inoculum and substrate respectively in the batch 10, thus allowing treatment of a larger quantity of waste compared to the initial test. The results showed that monitoring the pH was maintained within the range considered optimal between 6.0 and 8.0, but the period twenty-two days adopted as the retention time was insufficient to degradation and subsequent removal of matter organic, and only the batch 10 was effective in removing STV 8.1% and 33.5% total organic carbon. Physical analysis of biofertilizers generated at the end of each test pointed humidity above those permitted by law and is intended only for use via spraying. Chemically biofertilizer showed nitrogen deficiency, evidenced in the high ratios C: Initial N and obtained final and lack of nutrients such as phosphorus whose results were below 1% minimum required by the legislation and potassium, an element that was not detected in the equipment used. The sanitary quality of the compound met the legislation for the presence of viable helminth eggs, and all tests showed lower results to a unit / 4G, but showed results above the limit for fecal coliforms. The germination test confirmed the absence of phytotoxicity of products.
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Ledesma, Lina Marcela Sánchez. "Produção de estruvita a partir de esgoto doméstico". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3147/tde-14082015-144656/.
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A escassez das fontes de fósforo e o alto consumo de energia associado à produção de fertilizantes nitrogenados serão problemas que deverão ser enfrentados no futuro. A recuperação de nutrientes das águas residuárias na forma de estruvita tem sido considerada como uma alternativa para atenuar estes problemas. Na América Latina, a produção de estruvita a partir de esgoto ainda não é uma tecnologia bem conhecida e, portanto, a finalidade deste trabalho é contribuir com uma melhor compreensão dos fenômenos envolvidos. Para isso, a pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas: 1) produção de estruvita a partir de efluente de reator anaeróbio de fluxo ascendente com manto de lodo (RAFA); 2) produção de estruvita a partir de sobrenadante de digestor anaeróbio de lodo de um processo com remoção biológica de fósforo (DALRBF) e 3) influência do cálcio na estruvita produzida na etapa 2. Nas três etapas, ajustaram-se as concentrações de magnésio, a fim de obter razões fósforo:magnésio (P:Mg) pré-estabelecidas, e o pH entre 8,00 e 10,50. Os resultados da primeira etapa mostraram que não foi possível produzir estruvita no efluente do RAFA nas condições testadas. No entanto, foram observadas remoções de fósforo e de nitrogênio, devido à formação de fosfatos de cálcio e de magnésio amorfos. Os resultados da segunda etapa comprovaram a viabilidade de produção de estruvita de sobrenadante de DALRBF e mostraram que os consumos molares dos íons fosfato (PO43-), amônio (NH4+) e magnésio (Mg2+) ou as remoções destes (%) não devem ser os únicos parâmetros para avaliar a formação de estruvita, pois outros compostos cristalizam ou precipitam e reduzem a qualidade do mineral. Para um meio com condições semelhantes às testadas nesta etapa, uma razão P:Mg 1:2 e um pH igual a 9,50 asseguram a máxima recuperação de nutrientes como estruvita com concentração mínima de impurezas, facilitando seu posterior uso como fertilizante. Os resultados da terceira etapa mostraram que uma fase amorfa de fosfato de cálcio ou de magnésio se forma na superfície da estruvita.The shortage of the phosphorus sources and high-energy consumption associated to the nitrogen fertilizers production will be problems in the future. The nutrient recovery from wastewater as struvite has been considered as an alternative to alleviate these problems. In Latin America, production of struvite from wastewater is not yet a wellknown technology and therefore the purpose of this work is to contribute to a better understanding of the phenomena involved. This research work was performed in three phases: 1) production of struvite from upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor effluent; 2) production of struvite from anaerobic digester supernatant of enhanced biological phosphorus removal process (ADS-EBPR) and 3) influence of calcium in the struvite produced in the phase 2. In three phases, the magnesium concentrations were adjusted to obtain the preset phosphorus:magnesium (P:Mg) ratios and the pH was adjusted between 8,00 and 10,50. The results of the first phase showed that it is not possible to produce struvite in the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor effluent in the tested conditions. However, removal of nitrogen and phosphorus was observed because amorphous calcium and magnesium phosphates were produced. The results of the second phase showed that it is possible to produce struvite in the ADS-EBPR and the molar consumptions of phosphate (PO43-), ammonia (NH4+) and magnesium (Mg2+) or removals (%) should not be the only parameters to evaluate the struvite formation, because other compounds crystallize or precipitate and reduce the quality of the mineral. In the similar conditions tested in this phase, a P:Mg ratio 1:2 and pH 9,50 assure maximum nutrients recovery as struvite with minimum impurities concentration, facilitating its subsequent use as fertilizer. The results of the third phase showed that amorphous calcium or magnesium phosphates were produced on the struvite surface.
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Racz, Tiffany A. "Anaerobic Digestion of Wastewater-Grown Algae Biomass With Optimized Biogas Yields and Nutrient Solubilzation". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2245.
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Whole-cell algae biomass grown on nutrient-rich wastewater can be anaerobically digested to produce renewable heat and power, and to solubilize nutrients to grow additional algae biomass in a biorefinery system. In this study, algae biomass was grown on clarified primary wastewater in 33-m2 ponds at a 4-day residence time with sedimentation harvesting of the biomass. Lab digesters were used to test biogas yields and nutrient solubilization from the anaerobic digestion of algal biomass with and without mixing and with sonication as a pretreatment. Additionally, algae were fed to unheated and unmixed 1135-L pilot digesters to determine the effects of seasonal temperatures and organic loading rates on biogas yields and nutrient solubilization. Finally a scalability experiment was conducted to determine how well lab digesters replicated the nutrient solubilization and biogas yields of pilot digesters when they were operated at the same average daily temperature, and organic load. Overall, the tested conditions included mixing, temperature, feed pretreatment by sonication, scale, and organic loading. It was determined that unmixed, 20˚C digesters fed an average variable organic loading of 0.12 g VS/L-day had the highest yield of 0.3 L CH4/g VS fed. Compared to similarly operated digesters (30˚C, constant organic load 0.25 g VS/L-day) sonicated feed increased the mass yield of methane by 18% (0.28 L CH4/g VSintroduced), and mixing increased the mass yield of methane by 4% (0.25 L CH4/g VS). For the same digesters, sonicated feed increased the average nitrogen and phosphorus solubilization 10% and 11% with 36% N and 28% particulate P remaining, respectively. Eliminating mixing increased the average nitrogen and phosphorus solubilization by 13% and 27%, with 40% and 31% remaining as particulates, respectively. The pilot digesters produced an overall average mass yield of 0.19 L CH4/g VS, with a summer average of 0.46 L CH4/g VS and a winter average of 0.15 L CH4/g VS. For the pilot digesters, the average amount of remaining particulate nitrogen and phosphorus was 36% and 39%, respectively, with an average of 57% volatile solids destruction. Finally for the scale experiment, the pilot digesters exhibited mass and volumetric yields of 47% and 28% (0.19 L CH4/g VS; 0.011 L CH4/L-d) greater than the lab digesters. Additionally, the pilot digesters had 2% greater nitrogen solubilization and 29% less phosphorus solubilization with 23% N and 15% P, than the lab digesters. Based on these results, for a low organic load (0.01 – 0.65 g VS/L-day), it is recommended that digesters be unmixed and heated which, and have a longer winter residence time. In addition to benefiting methane yield and nutrient solubilization, these digester operating conditions would allow increased supply of nutrients to ponds during the most productive months when nutrients are being consumed at faster rates in the algae ponds.
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Tang, Jing. "Comparison of Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digestion Performance in Gas-lift and Bubble Column Digesters". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46319.
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Anaerobic digestion is one of the most promising management options for dairy manure treatment. Manure wastewater from dairy farms has been used for methane production for decades. However, performance failure due to inadequate mixing is routine. In general, the mixng of anaerobic digester is achived throguh mechnical stirring, liquid circulation, and gas circulation, among which the gas circulation proves to be the most effcient way. In this work, we studied the liquid flow pattern of two differetn type of gas-circualtion based anaerobic digesters, with the aim to understand the effects of hydrodynamic behavior of the digesting liquid on the anaerobic digestion performance, so a better mixing strategy can be provided.
We used two 20-L gas circulation based anaerobic digesters with confined (gas-lift) and unconfined (bubble column) design. The anaerobic digestion performance and mixing behaviors were studied at different gas recirculation rate. It was found that the biogas production from the bubble column was constantly higher than that from gas-lift digester. However, the overall flow of the two digesters, which is indicated by residence time distribution (RTD), showed a similar pattern. Furhter investigation of local liquid flow behavior using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) indicate that the bubble column accumulated higher portion of sludge in the bottom of the digester, which has a higher TS and VS, COD, and biomethane production potential than those from the gas-lift digester. This is the reason that the biogas production from the bubble column is higher than the gas-lift digester. Through this study, a thorough characterization of the flow behavior of the anaerobic digester were developed, and provided a deep insight of its influence on the anaerobic digestion performance.Master of Science
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Ganidi, Nafsika. "Anaerobic digestion foaming causes". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3450.
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Anaerobic digestion foaming has been encountered in several sewage treatment plants in the UK. Foaming has raised major concerns for the water utilities due to significant impacts on process efficiency and operational costs. Several foaming causes have been suggested over the past few years by researchers. However, the supporting experimental information is limited and in some cases site specific. The present report aimed to provide a better understanding of the anaerobic digestion foaming problem and to identify the underlying mechanisms of foaming. Field and laboratory investigation identified organic loading as a cause of foaming. Bench scale batch digestion studies in sludge showed that the critical organic loading for foaming was at 2.5 kg VS.m -3 while the 5 kg VS.m -3 resulted in persistent foaming. Moreover, full scale foaming digesters exhibited higher foaming potential in digested sludge under aeration in the laboratory than the full scale non- foaming digesters indicating that the concentration of surface active agents was higher. Further investigation of the effect of the surface active compounds, BSA and n-valeric acid on foaming showed that both compounds induced persistent foaming at all the examined concentrations. Filamentous bacteria contribution to foam initiation and stabilization was considered insignificant, apart from one occasion (FI:5), due to the abundance of filaments in foaming sludge (FI≤3) and their partitioning in foam (FI≤3). Part of the current work also assessed the cost implications of a foaming incident at the full scale. The antifoam cost was found to be of major concern for the water utilities costing between £1.30 and £13.00 per 1000 m 3 of digester volume per day. However, there was no information on biogas and energy loss whereas the information provided on cleaning, maintenance costs and manpower working hours was poor. Thus, the overall cost of a foaming incident at the full scale could not be estimated at this stage.
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Christodoulides, Jacqueline S. "Mixing in anaerobic digesters". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533276.
Pełny tekst źródłaKsiążki na temat "Anaerobic Digestor"
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Horan, Nigel, Abu Zahrim Yaser i Newati Wid, red. Anaerobic Digestion Processes. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8129-3.
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Water Pollution Control Federation. Task Force on Anaerobic Sludge Digestion., red. Anaerobic sludge digestion. Wyd. 2. Alexandria, VA: Water Pollution Control Federation, 1987.
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Leighton, Ian. Thermophilic anaerobic digestion. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1997.
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P, Chynoweth David, i Isaacson Ron, red. Anaerobic digestion of biomass. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1987.
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UK, Interdepartmental Anaerobic Digestion Seminar (1991 Birmingham England). UK interdepartmental anaerobic digestion seminar. Oxfordshire: Harwell Laboratories, 1991.
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Sudalyandi, Kaliappan, i Rajeshbanu Jeyakumar. Biofuel Production Using Anaerobic Digestion. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3743-9.
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Arthur-Mensah, Kojo. Anaerobic digestion of detergent wastewaters. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2002.
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The microbiology of anaerobic digesters. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2002.
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Gerardi, Michael H. The microbiology of anaerobic digesters. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley, 2003.
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Anaerobic digestion of farm waste. Reading, Eng: National Institute for Research in Dairying, 1985.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Anaerobic Digestor"
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Dolci, Giovanni. "Influence of the Collection Equipment on Organic Waste Treatment: Technical and Environmental Analyses". W Civil and Environmental Engineering for the Sustainable Development Goals, 15–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99593-5_2.
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AbstractThe research investigated the influence of different collection bag types on the environmental and energy performances of the food waste management chain, comparing paper and bioplastic bags. First, the use of bags during the food waste household storage was examined. Subsequently, the behavior of bags when subjected to anaerobic digestion was evaluated, performing Biochemical Methane Potential tests and semi-continuous co-digestion tests with the food waste, to simulate the operating conditions of full-scale digesters. Finally, the performances of the food waste management chain were evaluated, with a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The experimental tests showed a more favorable behavior of paper bags, showing a very good compatibility with the anaerobic digestion. The LCA results revealed how paper bags lead to improvements in the impact associated to the food waste management. Graphical Abstract
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Ashraf, R. J., Jonathan D. Nixon i J. Brusey. "Multi-objective Optimisation of a Wastewater Anaerobic Digestion System". W Springer Proceedings in Energy, 265–74. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30960-1_25.
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AbstractThis paper looks at multi-objective optimisation of a wastewater AD system where the model is demonstrated for a case study plant. Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) was used to predict biogas yields from the digester. Interviews, with plant owners, and plant data were used to identify the objective functions and decision variables. The decision variables were defined to be the substrate feeding rate for each of the digesters and the ratio of biogas sent between a combined heat and power (CHP) plant and a biogas upgrading unit (BUU). The objectives set were to maximise the overall substrate feeding rate through the AD plant, maximise the overall energy output and minimise the running cost of the plant. Results from the optimisation study showed that the amount of sludge processed through the AD plant increased by 17.7% and the running cost of the plant reduced by 6.2%. These results demonstrate how performance of AD plants can be significantly improved by multi-objective optimisation techniques.
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Taricska, Jerry R., David A. Long, J. Paul Chen, Yung-Tse Hung i Shuai-Wen Zou. "Anaerobic Digestion". W Biological Treatment Processes, 589–634. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-156-1_14.
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Aydin, Sevcan. "Anaerobic Digestion". W Waste Biomass Management – A Holistic Approach, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49595-8_1.
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Bombardiere, John, i David A. Stafford. "Anaerobic Digestion". W Biofuels and Bioenergy, 45–58. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118350553.ch3.
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Massi, Erica. "Anaerobic Digestion". W Fuel Cells in the Waste-to-Energy Chain, 47–63. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2369-9_3.
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Melville, Lynsey, Andreas Weger, Sonja Wiesgickl i Matthias Franke. "Anaerobic Digestion". W Transformation of Biomass, 31–59. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118693643.ch2.
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Liebetrau, Jan, Heike Sträuber, Jörg Kretzschmar, Velina Denysenko i Michael Nelles. "Anaerobic Digestion". W Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, 281–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10_2016_67.
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Kalal, Sangeeta, Satish Kumar Ameta i Abhilasha Jain. "Anaerobic Digestion". W Sonochemistry, 295–322. Toronto : Apple Academic Press, 2018.: Apple Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22323-10.
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Horan, N. J. "Introduction". W Anaerobic Digestion Processes, 1–7. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8129-3_1.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Anaerobic Digestor"
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Moreira, Cesar, Marco Pazmino-Hernandez, Marco Pazmino-Barreno, Kyle Griffin i Pratap Pullammanappallil. "Design and construction of a solar mobile anaerobic digestor for rural communities". W The 15th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education, and Technology: “Global Partnership for Development and Engineering Education”. Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/laccei2017.1.1.470.
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Palacios, Ronald N., Steven S. Fan, Hansong Lee i Michael A. Soto. "From Grease to Gas: Anaerobic Digestion of Fats, Oils, and Grease (FOG) at the Hyperion Treatment Plant". W ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54108.
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Anaerobic digestion of high-strength organic wastes, such as Fats, Oils, and Grease (FOG) has become increasingly popular among wastewater treatment facilities in Southern California [1]. In 2010, the City of Los Angeles’ Hyperion Treatment Plant started running its own FOG Digestion Pilot Project. The project injects processed grease trap wastewater (FOG) into one of 16 anaerobic digesters at the facility. A partnership was formed between the Hyperion Treatment Plant (HTP) and Baker Commodities, Inc., a Grease rendering company located in the City of Vernon. They provide processed grease trap wastewater (FOG) to the pilot project. The plan was to load the digester with increasing amounts of FOG and observe the impact. The parameters monitored in the digester during the test are volatile acids, pH, alkalinity, temperature, and gas production in the digester. The pilot project’s objective was to obtain a 10 to 20% increase in gas production. So far those expectations have been exceeded.
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Zemke, Peter E., Byard D. Wood i Christopher R. Rohleder. "Effect of Solids Removal From Dairy Manure Feedstock on Biogas Production in Anaerobic Digesters". W ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90235.
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Many modern anaerobic digesters in developed countries consist of a digestion process in which solids are reduced to biogas, followed by mechanical separation that removes the majority of the remaining solids from the effluent. Experience has shown that such systems are often plagued with plugging due to excessive solids in the digester influent. Moreover, the mechanical separation equipment is prematurely degraded due to the elevated temperatures and corrosive compounds in the digester effluent. Reversing the order of separation and digestion offers a proven method of eliminating these problems, but at the expense of lower biogas production. The work presented in this paper quantifies this difference in biogas production by comparing the biogas yields of dairy wastewater feedstocks with and without prior mechanical solids separation through a 0.75-mm screen. Laboratory-scale batch digesters were operated up to 40 days at 35–40 °C and monitored for mass of volatile solids consumed and biogas production. Although the initially separated influent contained only half as much volatile solids, the ultimate biogas yield was only 25% less than that obtained with non-separated influent, demonstrating some tradeoff between higher energy production and system reliability.
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Rankin, M. J., T. A. Trabold, A. A. Williamson i M. Augustine. "Analysis of Dairy Manure and Food Manufacturing Waste as Feedstocks for Sustainable Energy Production via Anaerobic Digestion". W ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91091.
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Anaerobic digestion is a waste-to-energy conversion process that offers potential economic and environmental benefits of organic waste diversion and renewable energy generation. However, these systems are often not feasible for small-to-medium size food processors, due to the significant capital investment involved. The key objective of this study is to identify the volume and composition of dairy manure and liquid-phase food manufacturing waste streams available in New York State (NYS) to make co-digestion of multiple feedstocks in centralized anaerobic digester facilities an economically attractive alternative. Organic waste volume and property data were obtained via Freedom of Information Law (FOIL) requests at the county and municipal levels for each of the 62 counties in NYS. Spatial analyses of dairy confined animal feeding operations (CAFO) locations relative to food manufacturing facility locations were analyzed using Microsoft MapPoint imaging software, which identified concentrations of high strength liquid-phase waste in the upstate corridor extending between Buffalo and Albany. The results show that if anaerobically digested, dairy CAFO manure and food manufacturing waste can contribute significantly to the State’s renewable energy portfolio. A laboratory scale two-phase anaerobic digester (bioDrillTS-AD200©) can help establish the correlation between waste properties (e.g. total solids, etc.) and quantity and quality of biogas produced.
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Leonhardt, Eric C., Jamin F. Swazo i Ryan F. Cruse. "Using Dairy Cow Derived Biomethane to Fuel the Viking 32 Hybrid Electric Vehicle". W ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41659.
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A high performance vehicle—Viking 32—designed and built at the Vehicle Research Institute has been powered with methane refined from a dairy cow anaerobic digester. A student and faculty led team designed and constructed two different refining processes to investigate the feasibility of developing a renewable energy source for transportation in Whatcom County. The paper discusses several key issues surrounding anaerobic digester produced biomethane: the quantity and significance of the energy produced, why transportation fuel is a viable alternative to electrical production in anaerobic digester projects, and the environmental benefits of the anaerobic digester. The design, construction and test results of the two different refining techniques are reviewed as well. The systems are considered for application beyond dairy cow anaerobic digesters. Finally, a renewable transportation concept is proposed for biomethane based transportation in Whatcom County.
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Dubrovskis, Vilis, i Dagnis Dubrovskis. "Biogas production from fresh and old sawdust litter with chicken manure". W 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf123.
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In Latvia, forest products are widely used for heat production by direct incineration. As it causes air pollution, especially in cities, other technologies are being considered. One of them is anaerobic digestion of biomass or biogas (methane) production. Biofuels and biogas are playing a key role in the decarbonisation of the transport sector and will contribute in the future to a fuel switch in combination with electrification, for example in hybrid cars. In sectors which are difficult to decarbonize, such as heavy-duty vehicles, ships and airplanes, biofuels often represent the only technically and economically viable solution. The European Biogas Association estimates that by 2030 overall annual potential for biogas will be at least 50 billion m3. In Latvia, there is a lot of timber processing and there is a lot of sawdust. They are also used as bedding in poultry farms. Bird droppings could improve their utility for biogas production. This article shows the results about anaerobic digestion of fresh and old sawdust and sawdust litter with chicken manure and slaughterhouse waste. Fresh and old sawdust and sawdust litter with chicken manure and slaughterhouse waste were digested in 6 l digesters at temperature 38 oC in batch mode process. Average specific biogas or methane yield from anaerobic fermentation of fresh sawdust was 0.407 L·g-1DOM or 0.175 L·g-1DOM respectively. Average specific biogas or methane yield from anaerobic fermentation of old sawdust was 0.369 L·g-1DOM or 0.153 L·g-1DOM respectively. Average specific biogas or methane yield from anaerobic fermentation of sawdust litter with chicken manure and slaughterhouse waste was 0.554 L·g-1DOM or 0.335 L·g-1DOM respectively.
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Hegde, Swati, Shwe Sin Win i Thomas A. Trabold. "Stabilizing the Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste for Biomethane Production". W ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2017-3097.
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Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a viable method for conversion of food waste and other organic materials into methane-rich biogas. However, when used at high organic loading rates, using only food waste can lead to an unstable process. Process instability is indicated by frequent changes in pH, and increase in ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentration. These uncontrolled changes combined with over-production of organic acids can inhibit biogas production and ultimately lead to digester failure. Therefore, certain co-substrates produced as wastes in the regional food sector were tested as stabilizing agents for food waste digestion with an objective of achieving stable non-manure based digestion. The substrates tested were acid whey, bread, manure, caffeinated drink, paper napkins and apple pomace. The biogas production was increased by 12% in reactors containing bread, by 10% with acid whey, and by 12% when the co-substrate was caffeinated drink. The reactors containing paper and manure showed decreased biogas production by 6% and 12% respectively, but these changes are relatively small and thus not considered inhibitory. Co-digestion with apple pomace was found to be inhibitory and resulted in digester failure. This initial study has demonstrated that the stability of AD systems may be improved by strategically combining available food waste feedstocks.
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"Comparison of digestate from solid anaerobic digesters and effluent from liquid anaerobic digesters as inocula for solid state anaerobic digestion of yard trimming". W 2015 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20152190124.
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DAPKIENĖ, Midona, Laima ČESONIENĖ i Tomas PILIPAUSKAS,. "COMPARISON OF OPERATION OF KAUNAS AND KLAIPĖDA WWTPS DIGESTERS". W Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.042.
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The article provides comparison of operation of digesters for 2014, installed in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of two Lithuanian cities Kaunas and Klaipėda. It was established that the temperature and decomposition degree of organic materials had impact on biogas discharge in digesters of both wastewater treatment plants. Increase of these technological parameters resulted in increase of biogas output. Actual output of biogas of Kaunas wastewater treatment plant digester was by 5.8 % less than theoretical output, in Klaipėda WWTP anaerobic reactor – by 4.2 %. After comparison of biogas discharge generated from 1 m3 of sludge in Kaunas and Klaipėda WWTPs it was established that the efficiency of Klaipėda WWTP digester exceeded the efficiency of Kaunas WWTP reactor by 7 %.
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Bettocchi, R., M. Pinelli, P. R. Spina, M. Venturini, M. Cadorin, G. Cenci i M. Morini. "Energetic and Economic Analyses of Integrated Biogas-Fed Energy Systems". W ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50044.
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The process which includes production, collection, carriage and transformation of biomass into renewable fuels and then into energy (both electrical and thermal) involves a large number of decisions to select the most efficient plant layout. In order to identify the optimal solutions, models which simulate the whole process represent a useful and practical tool. In this paper, the energetic and economic analysis of the entire process from biomass to energy production is presented. Among the different transformation processes, the thermophilic batch anaerobic digestion is considered in this paper. A sensitivity analysis on system profitability is carried out with respect to the mass of biomass, number of batch digesters and retention time of the biomass inside each digester. Moreover, two different types of biomass (ensiled corn and organic fraction of municipal solid wastes) and two different energy systems (Micro Gas Turbine and Internal Combustion Engine) are considered.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Anaerobic Digestor"
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Pullammanappallil, Pratap, Haim Kalman i Jennifer Curtis. Investigation of particulate flow behavior in a continuous, high solids, leach-bed biogasification system. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600038.bard.
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Recent concerns regarding global warming and energy security have accelerated research and developmental efforts to produce biofuels from agricultural and forestry residues, and energy crops. Anaerobic digestion is a promising process for producing biogas-biofuel from biomass feedstocks. However, there is a need for new reactor designs and operating considerations to process fibrous biomass feedstocks. In this research project, the multiphase flow behavior of biomass particles was investigated. The objective was accomplished through both simulation and experimentation. The simulations included both particle-level and bulk flow simulations. Successful computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of multiphase flow in the digester is dependent on the accuracy of constitutive models which describe (1) the particle phase stress due to particle interactions, (2) the particle phase dissipation due to inelastic interactions between particles and (3) the drag force between the fibres and the digester fluid. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations of Homogeneous Cooling Systems (HCS) were used to develop a particle phase dissipation rate model for non-spherical particle systems that was incorporated in a two-fluid CFDmultiphase flow model framework. Two types of frictionless, elongated particle models were compared in the HCS simulations: glued-sphere and true cylinder. A new model for drag for elongated fibres was developed which depends on Reynolds number, solids fraction, and fibre aspect ratio. Schulze shear test results could be used to calibrate particle-particle friction for DEM simulations. Several experimental measurements were taken for biomass particles like olive pulp, orange peels, wheat straw, semolina, and wheat grains. Using a compression tester, the breakage force, breakage energy, yield force, elastic stiffness and Young’s modulus were measured. Measurements were made in a shear tester to determine unconfined yield stress, major principal stress, effective angle of internal friction and internal friction angle. A liquid fludized bed system was used to determine critical velocity of fluidization for these materials. Transport measurements for pneumatic conveying were also assessed. Anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted using orange peel waste, olive pulp and wheat straw. Orange peel waste and olive pulp could be anaerobically digested to produce high methane yields. Wheat straw was not digestible. In a packed bed reactor, anaerobic digestion was not initiated above bulk densities of 100 kg/m³ for peel waste and 75 kg/m³ for olive pulp. Interestingly, after the digestion has been initiated and balanced methanogenesis established, the decomposing biomass could be packed to higher densities and successfully digested. These observations provided useful insights for high throughput reactor designs. Another outcome from this project was the development of low cost devices to measure methane content of biogas for off-line (US$37), field (US$50), and online (US$107) applications.
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Rivard, C. J., i D. R. Boone. The anaerobic digestion process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/530632.
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Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn, Leanne Deocampo i Nicholas Banuelos. Biological Hydrogen Gas Production from Food Waste as a Sustainable Fuel for Future Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2141.
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In the global search for the right alternative energy sources for a more sustainable future, hydrogen production has stood out as a strong contender. Hydrogen gas (H2) is well-known as one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources, one that mainly yields only water vapor as a byproduct. Additionally, H2 generates triple the amount of energy compared to hydrocarbon fuels. H2 can be synthesized from several technologies, but currently only 1% of H2 production is generated from biomass. Biological H2 production generated from anaerobic digestion is a fraction of the 1%. This study aims to enhance biological H2 production from anaerobic digesters by increasing H2 forming microbial abundance using batch experiments. Carbon substrate availability and conversion in the anaerobic processes were achieved by chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids analysis. The capability of the matrix to neutralize acids in the reactors was assessed using alkalinity assay, and ammonium toxicity was monitored by ammonium measurements. H2 content was also investigated throughout the study. The study's results demonstrate two critical outcomes, (i) food waste as substrate yielded the highest H2 gas fraction in biogas compared to other substrates fed (primary sludge, waste activated sludge and mixed sludge with or without food waste), and (ii) under normal operating condition of anaerobic digesters, increasing hydrogen forming bacterial populations, including Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not prolong biological H2 recovery due to H2 being taken up by other bacteria for methane (CH4) formation. Our experiment was operated under the most optimal condition for CH4 formation as suggested by wastewater operational manuals. Therefore, CH4-forming bacteria possessed more advantages than other microbial populations, including H2-forming groups, and rapidly utilized H2 prior to methane synthesis. This study demonstrates H2 energy renewed from food waste anaerobic digestion systems delivers opportunities to maximize California’s cap-and-trade program through zero carbon fuel production and utilization.
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Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn, Leanne Deocampo i Nicholas Banuelos. Biological Hydrogen Gas Production from Food Waste as a Sustainable Fuel for Future Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2141.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In the global search for the right alternative energy sources for a more sustainable future, hydrogen production has stood out as a strong contender. Hydrogen gas (H2) is well-known as one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources, one that mainly yields only water vapor as a byproduct. Additionally, H2 generates triple the amount of energy compared to hydrocarbon fuels. H2 can be synthesized from several technologies, but currently only 1% of H2 production is generated from biomass. Biological H2 production generated from anaerobic digestion is a fraction of the 1%. This study aims to enhance biological H2 production from anaerobic digesters by increasing H2 forming microbial abundance using batch experiments. Carbon substrate availability and conversion in the anaerobic processes were achieved by chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids analysis. The capability of the matrix to neutralize acids in the reactors was assessed using alkalinity assay, and ammonium toxicity was monitored by ammonium measurements. H2 content was also investigated throughout the study. The study's results demonstrate two critical outcomes, (i) food waste as substrate yielded the highest H2 gas fraction in biogas compared to other substrates fed (primary sludge, waste activated sludge and mixed sludge with or without food waste), and (ii) under normal operating condition of anaerobic digesters, increasing hydrogen forming bacterial populations, including Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not prolong biological H2 recovery due to H2 being taken up by other bacteria for methane (CH4) formation. Our experiment was operated under the most optimal condition for CH4 formation as suggested by wastewater operational manuals. Therefore, CH4-forming bacteria possessed more advantages than other microbial populations, including H2-forming groups, and rapidly utilized H2 prior to methane synthesis. This study demonstrates H2 energy renewed from food waste anaerobic digestion systems delivers opportunities to maximize California’s cap-and-trade program through zero carbon fuel production and utilization.
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Wellinger, A. Economic viability of anaerobic digestion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/530638.
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Nakayama, Yoshio, Nobuyuki Kusama i Katsuya Wada. FCPP application to utilize anaerobic digester gas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460328.
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Ruth, M., i R. Landucci. Anaerobic digestion analysis model: User`s manual. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10180357.
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Lusk, P., P. Wheeler i C. Rivard. Deploying anaerobic digesters: Current status and future possibilities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/481517.
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Koker, John, i Michael Lizotte. University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Anaerobic Dry Digestion Facility. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1345064.
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Rivard, C. J. Anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste: Technical developments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/530635.
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