Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „An ideal Other”
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Zapletal, Jindřich. "The nonstationary ideal and the other $\sigma $-ideals on $\omega _{1}$". Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 352, nr 9 (25.02.2000): 3981–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9947-00-02598-8.
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Pachón Rubiano, Néstor Raúl. "Other forms of continuity modulo an ideal". Proyecciones (Antofagasta) 39, nr 5 (1.10.2020): 1221–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22199/issn.0717-6279-2020-05-0075.
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Spickard, James. "The Porcupine Tango: What Ethnography Can and Cannot Do for Theologians". Ecclesial Practices 3, nr 2 (21.11.2016): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22144471-00302003.
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Ethnography and theology are two contrasting life-activities, regulated by separate ideals. Like other sciences, ethnography is regulated by the ideal of ‘truth’. It gathers data about human communities, particularly their worldviews and their tacit social practices. New data correct old conclusions, forcing ethnographers to discard the ideas with which they began their investigations. Following the regulative ideal helps them avoid placing their concerns about those of the people they study. Theologians (and others) can use ethnographic methods to gather data about congregational life, how people practice their religions, etc., but this practice itself is not ‘doing’ theology.
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Kumbhojkar, H. V. "Proper Fuzzification of Prime Ideals of a Hemiring". Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/801650.
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Prime fuzzy ideals, prime fuzzyk-ideals, and prime fuzzyh-ideals are roped in one condition. It is shown that this way better fuzzification is achieved. Other major results of the paper are: every fuzzy ideal (resp.,k-ideal,h-ideal) is contained in a prime fuzzy ideal (resp.,k-ideal,h-ideal). Prime radicals and nil radicals of a fuzzy ideal are defined; their relationship is established. The nil radical of a fuzzyk-ideal (resp., anh-ideal) is proved to be a fuzzyk-ideal (resp.,h-ideal). The correspondence theorems for different types of fuzzy ideals of hemirings are established. The concept of primary fuzzy ideal is introduced. Minimum imperative for proper fuzzification is suggested and it is shown that the fuzzifications introduced in this paper are proper fuzzifications.
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Afonasina, Anna. "An Ideal Religion for an Ideal State". Ideas and Ideals 12, nr 4-2 (23.12.2020): 330–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2020-12.4.2-330-350.
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All of us have an idea of the ideal conditions in which we would like to live. They will vary according to the degree of ambition and level of education. However, people have common wishes since we don’t live in isolation (perhaps with rare exceptions) and we require guarantees from other people that they are willing to accept certain rules and conditions for the best possible coexistence. Plato was the first to look for such general or even necessary requirements to create an ideal social structure. He considers different aspects of social reality – the division of society into classes, the specifics of upbringing and education, even the physical structure of the city and its religion. The article is devoted to the consideration of religious practices, associated cult activities and holidays. In ancient Greece, religion permeated all areas of human life. It would be more correct to say that religion simply did not exist separately from everyday life. Of course, we can distinguish major religious events in the form of solemn organised processions marking the change of seasons, dedicated to the harvest or some other memorable dates. But more often, religious practices were tightly woven into people’s lives, so that even political and military actions were accompanied by an offering to the gods or consultation with the oracle. Understanding the role that religious activity plays in educating citizens, Plato does not seek to create an entirely new popular religion, but as a philosopher interested in the common good, he begins to interpret the images of traditional Greek gods differently. He focuses most of his attention on Zeus, Dionysus and Aphrodite. By comparing traditional notions of the gods with the way Plato portrays them, we conclude that the philosopher has done serious work to rationalise their images. Zeus ceases to be a famous womanizer and head of Olympus, and acquires the traits of a creator, the only good god who is incapable of any evil or injustice. The raucous fun, dancing and intoxication that used to be the cause of many misfortunes and associated with Dionysus are now being declared useful in terms of testing strength and honesty on the one hand, and, on the other, are understood as a necessary means of getting rid of negative energy and bringing people together. The uncontrolled erotic desire sent by Aphrodite is seen by Plato as behavior that is unacceptable in the citizens of an ideal state, and so he develops the doctrine of the two Aphrodites, heavenly and vulgar, in which the heavenly Aphrodite is declared to be a certain stimulus that leads the soul to the supreme good.
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Rattray, Charles. "Other people's places". Architectural Research Quarterly 7, nr 3-4 (wrzesień 2003): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135503002318.
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Corazza, Paul. "Ramsey sets, the Ramsey ideal, and other classes overR". Journal of Symbolic Logic 57, nr 4 (grudzień 1992): 1441–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2275376.
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AbstractWe improve results of Marczewski, Frankiewicz, Brown, and others comparing theω-ideals of measure zero, meager, Marczewski measure zero, and completely Ramsey null sets; in particular, we remove CH from the hypothesis of many of Brown's constructions of sets lying in some of these ideals but not in others. We improve upon work of Marczewski by constructing, without CH, a nonmeasurable Marczewski measure zero set lacking the property of Baire. We extend our analysis ofω-ideals to include the completely Ramsey null sets relative to a Ramsey ultrafilter and obtain all 32 possible examples of sets in some ideals and not others, some under the assumption of MA, but most in ZFC alone. We also improve upon the known constructions of a Marczewski measure zero set which is not Ramsey by using a set theoretic hypothesis which is weaker than those used by other authors. We give several consistency proofs: one concerning the relative sizes of the covering numbers for the meager sets and the completely Ramsey null sets; another concerning the size of non; and a third concerning the size of add. We also study those classes of perfect sets which are bases for the class of always first category sets.
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Sarah McNeely. "Other Mothers: Beyond the Maternal Ideal (review)". Victorian Periodicals Review 42, nr 4 (2009): 420–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vpr.0.0095.
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Shi, Jie Qiong, i Xiao Long Xin. "Ideal theory on EQ-algebras". AIMS Mathematics 6, nr 11 (2021): 11686–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2021679.
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<abstract><p>In this article, we introduce ideals and other special ideals on EQ-algebras, such as implicative ideals, primary ideals, prime ideals and maximal ideals. At first, we give the notion of ideal and its related properties on EQ-algebras, and give its equivalent characterizations. We discuss the relations between ideals and filters, and study the generating formula of ideals on EQ-algebras. Moreover, we study the properties of implicative ideals, primary ideals, prime ideals and maximal ideals and their relations. For example, we prove that every maximal ideal is prime and if prime ideals are implicative, then they are maximal in the EQ-algebra with the condition $ (DNP) $. Finally, we introduce the topological properties of prime ideals. We get that the set of all prime ideals is a compact $ T_{0} $ topological space. Also, we transferred the spectrum of EQ-algebras to bounded distributive lattices and given the ideal reticulation of EQ-algebras.</p></abstract>
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Rosenberg, Alexander. "ON THE VERY IDEA OF IDEAL THEORY IN POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY". Social Philosophy and Policy 33, nr 1-2 (2016): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052516000376.
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Abstract:The essay agues that there is little scope for ideal theory in political philosophy, even under Rawls’s conception of its aims. It begins by identifying features of a standard example of ideal theory in physics — the ideal gas law, PV=NRT and draws attention to the lack of these features in Rawls’s derivation of the principles of justice from the original position. A. John Simmons’s defense of ideal theory against criticisms of Amartya Sen is examined, as are further criticisms of both by David Schmidtz. The essay goes on to develop a conception of the domain of social relations to be characterized by justice that suggests that as a moving target it makes ideal theory otiose. Examination of Rawls’s later views substantiate the conclusion that ideal theory as propounded in A Theory of Justice is a mistaken starting point in the enterprise of political philosophy. Differences between the domains of ideal theory in mathematics, physics, and economics on the one hand, and political philosophy on the other, reinforce this conclusion.
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Pramling Samuelsson, Ingrid, Pia Williams, Sonja Sheridan i Annette Hellman. "Swedish preschool teachers’ ideas of the ideal preschool group". Journal of Early Childhood Research 14, nr 4 (24.07.2016): 444–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476718x14559233.
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In Sweden, preschool has been noted as being of a high quality compared to many other countries. However, dramatic changes in the preschool sector are taking place. A recent law states that it is a child’s right to get a preschool place within a few months. As a consequence, the number of children in preschool has increased, which could influence group sizes since there is no state regulation of the number of children in a group. This article based on the project The impact of group size on children’s affordances in preschool aims to describe and analyse preschool teachers’ ideas of what an ideal preschool group is. It is a qualitative study based on a questionnaire with mainly open-ended questions, answered by preschool teachers. The results show that preschool teachers define a well-functioning group as having a balance between gender, age and ethnicity. The preschool teachers stress that they prefer a group with fewer children than they have today. A key aspect of having a well-functioning group is also the preschool teachers’ competence and the preschool environment. Preschool teachers’ ideas of what constitute an ideal group of children may contribute to why they perceive the group size too large.
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Holdon, Liviu-Constantin, i Arsham Borumand Saeid. "Ideals of Residuated Lattices". Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica 58, nr 2 (29.06.2021): 182–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/012.2021.58.2.1493.
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In this article, we study ideals in residuated lattice and present a characterization theorem for them. We investigate some related results between the obstinate ideals and other types of ideals of a residuated lattice, likeness Boolean, primary, prime, implicative, maximal and ʘ-prime ideals. Characterization theorems and extension property for obstinate ideal are stated and proved. For the class of ʘ-residuated lattices, by using the ʘ-prime ideals we propose a characterization, and prove that an ideal is an ʘ-prime ideal iff its quotient algebra is an ʘ-residuated lattice. Finally, by using ideals, the class of Noetherian (Artinian) residuated lattices is introduced and Cohen’s theorem is proved.
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Torry, Robert. "Awakening to the other: Feminism and the ego‐ideal inAlien". Women's Studies 23, nr 4 (wrzesień 1994): 343–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00497878.1994.9979035.
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Neamah, Ayat Abdulaali, i Suad Abdulaali Neamah. "Relationship the P-ideal with other concepts of BH-algebra". International Journal of Algebra 12, nr 2 (2018): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ija.2018.8310.
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Pokluda, J., i P. Šandera. "On the Relation of Ideal Strength to Other Physical Properties". physica status solidi (b) 160, nr 1 (1.07.1990): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.2221600105.
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Smith, David J. "Notes on irreducible ideals". Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 31, nr 3 (czerwiec 1985): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700009266.
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Every ideal of a Noetherian ring may be represented as a finite intersection of primary ideals. Each primary ideal may be decomposed as an irredundant intersection of irreducible ideals. It is shown that in the case that Q is an M-primary ideal of a local ring (R, M) satisfying the condition that Q: M = Q + Ms−1 where s is the index of Q, then all irreducible components of Q have index s. (Q is “index-unmixed”.) This condition is shown to hold in the case that Q is a power of the maximal ideal of a regular local ring, and also in other cases as illustrated by examples.
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Roth, Wolff-Michael. "Ideal in mathematics". Outlines. Critical Practice Studies 21, nr 02 (31.12.2020): 60–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ocps.v21i02.118428.
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The theory of knowledge objectification, initially presented and developed by Luis Radford, has gained some traction in the field of mathematics education. As with any developing theory, its presentation contains statements that may contradict its stated intents; and these problems are exacerbated in its uptake into the work of other scholars. The purpose of this study is to articulate a Spinozist-Marxian approach, in which the objectification exists not in things—semiotic means that mediate interactions—but as real relation between people. As a consequence, the (problematic) concept of mediation is unnecessary and can be abandoned. A concrete classroom example from Radford’s own studies is used to exemplify and develop pertinent issues. In particular, the societal nature of the ideal—a synecdoche of relations between objects that reflect relations between people—should be added and the notion of (sign) mediation no longer is required.
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Munie, Tilahun Mekonnen. "Weak LI-ideals in implicative almost distributive lattices". Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology 14, nr 3 (8.10.2021): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejst.v14i3.2.
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In the field of many valued logic, lattice valued logic (especially ideals) plays an important role. Nowadays, lattice valued logic is becoming a research area. Researchers introduced weak LI-ideals of lattice implication algebra. Furthermore, other scholars researched LI-ideals of implicative almost distributive lattice. Therefore, the target of this paper was to investigate new development on the extension of LI-ideal theories and properties in implicative almost distributive lattice. So, in this paper, the notion of weak LI-ideals and maximal weak LI- ideals of implicative almost distributive lattice are defined. The properties of weak LI- ideals in implicative almost distributive lattice are studied and several characterizations of weak LI-ideals are given. Relationship between weak LI-ideals and weak filters are explored. Hence, the extension properties of weak LI-ideal of lattice implication algebra to that of weak LI-ideal of implicative almost distributive lattice were shown.
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Kehayopulu, Niovi. "On hypersemigroups". Pure Mathematics and Applications 25, nr 2 (1.12.2015): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/puma-2015-0015.
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Abstract Two well known results on semigroups, one of them clue to Calais, the other to Lajos, are generalized in case of hypersemigroups in the way indicated in the present paper. We prove that a nonempty subset B of a regular hypersemigroup H is a bi-ideal of H if and only if it is represented in the form B = A * C where A is a right ideal and C a left ideal of H. We also show that an hyper semigroup H is regular if and only if the right and the left ideals of H are idempotent, and for every right ideal A and every left ideal B of H, the product A * B is a quasi-ideal of H.
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Beddani, Charef, i Wahiba Messirdi. "2-Prime ideals and their applications". Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 15, nr 03 (27.01.2016): 1650051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498816500511.
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This paper introduces the notion of [Formula: see text]-prime ideals, and uses it to present certain characterization of valuation rings. Precisely, we will prove that an integral domain [Formula: see text] is a valuation ring if and only if every ideal of [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-prime. On the other hand, we will prove that the normalization [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is a valuation ring if and only if the intersection of integrally closed 2-prime ideals of [Formula: see text] is a 2-prime ideal. At the end of this paper, we will give a generalization of some results of Gilmer and Heinzer by studying the properties of domains in which every primary ideal is an integrally closed 2-prime ideal.
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Pereverzev, M. O., T. V. Vygodina, A. A. Konstantinov i V. P. Skulachev. "Cytochrome c, an ideal antioxidant". Biochemical Society Transactions 31, nr 6 (1.12.2003): 1312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0311312.
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Generation of Δψ (membrane potential) by cytochrome oxidase proteoliposomes oxidizing superoxide-reduced cytochrome c has been demonstrated. XO+HX (xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine) were used to produce superoxide. It was found that the generation of Δψ is completely abolished by cyanide (an uncoupler) or by superoxide dismutase, and is enhanced by nigericin. Addition of ascorbate after XO+HX causes a further increase in Δψ. On the other hand, XO+HX added after ascorbate do not affect Δψ, indicating that superoxide does not have measurable protonophorous activity. The half-maximal cytochrome c concentration for Δψ generation supported by XO+HX was found to be approx. 1 μM. These data and the results of some other researchers can be rationalized as follows: (1) O2 accepts an electron to form superoxide; (2) cytochrome c oxidizes superoxide back to O2; (3) an electron removed from the reduced cytochrome c is transferred to O2 by cytochrome oxidase in a manner that generates ΔμH+ (transmembrane difference in electrochemical H+ potential). Thus cytochrome c mediates a process of superoxide removal, resulting in regeneration of O2 and utilization of the electron involved previously in the O2 reduction. It is important that cytochrome c is not damaged during the antioxidant reaction, in contrast with many other antioxidants.
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Delgado, J. M., i C. Piñeiro. "On Banach ideals satisfying $c_0(\mathcal{A}(X,Y))=\mathcal{A}(X,c_0(Y))$". MATHEMATICA SCANDINAVICA 103, nr 1 (1.09.2008): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/math.scand.a-15073.
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We characterize Banach ideals $[\mathcal{A},a]$ satisfying the equality $c_0(\mathcal{A}(X,Y))= \mathcal{A}(X,c_0(Y))$ for all Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$. Among other results we have proved that $\mathcal{K}$ (the normed operator ideal of all compact operators with the operator norm) is the only injective Banach ideal satisfying the equality.
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Guzzo, Guilherme Brambatti, i Guilherme Duarte Garcia. "OPEN-MINDEDNESS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION". Think 14, nr 41 (2015): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175615000184.
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Critical thinking is widely regarded as one of the main objectives of education in general terms, and also of science education. The idea of thinking critically, that is, to evaluate adequately and eventually embrace a certain claim only if there are good reasons for it, however, seems to contradict some popular conceptions about other educational ideal: open-mindedness. The purpose of this essay is to discuss how critical thinking and open-mindedness are not exclusionary ideals, and how those ideas are important for science education.
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Bailey, Sarah Frances, Elora C. Voyles, Lisa Finkelstein i Kristina Matarazzo. "Who is your ideal mentor? An exploratory study of mentor prototypes". Career Development International 21, nr 2 (9.05.2016): 160–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-08-2014-0116.
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Purpose – One of the main aspects of a mentoring relationship involves the expectations that mentees have of an ideal mentor. However, the traits that mentees envision in an ideal mentor are unclear. The purpose of this paper is to present series of studies examined mentees’ ideas about their ideal mentor’s physical characteristics and mentoring functions. The authors also examined gender and racial (white/nonwhite) differences in ideal mentor preferences. Design/methodology/approach – The two studies examined what mentees envision when they picture their ideal mentor, and whether the ideal mentor prototypes varied by participants’ ethnicity and gender. Study 2 further examined mentees’ ideal mentor characteristics in a forced choice ranking scale and the ideal mentor scale (Rose, 2003). Findings – When asked to describe their ideal mentor’s appearance, participants provided detailed descriptions of the ideal mentor’s features. They also emphasized mentoring characteristics and behaviors, such as guidance. Participants’ preferences for their ideal mentor’s gender and race varied by the question format (open-ended description vs scale).When asked to envision their ideal mentor (Study 2), participants emphasized guidance, interpersonal warmth, and ethical integrity. Other mentoring characteristics and behaviors emerged in the content coding framework. Prototypes of the ideal mentors varied based on ethnicity and gender, but also on how the question was presented. Originality/value – These findings suggest that the ideal mentor prototype involves guidance, understanding, and role modeling ethical values. Like other organizational roles (i.e. leaders), awareness of these traits informs how employees view mentors and what they expect from mentoring relationships. Facilitators of mentoring programs can consider the ideal mentor prototype during the matching process and the initial stages of the mentoring relationship.
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Barzegarinegad, A., G. Jahanshahloo i M. Rostamy-Malkhalifeh. "A Full Ranking for Decision Making Units Using Ideal and Anti-Ideal Points in DEA". Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/282939.
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We propose a procedure for ranking decision making units in data envelopment analysis, based on ideal and anti-ideal points in the production possibility set. Moreover, a model has been introduced to compute the performance of a decision making unit for these two points through using common set of weights. One of the best privileges of this method is that we can make ranking for all decision making units by solving only three programs, and also solving these programs is not related to numbers of decision making units. One of the other advantages of this procedure is to rank all the extreme and nonextreme efficient decision making units. In other words, the suggested ranking method tends to seek a set of common weights for all units to make them fully ranked. Finally, it was applied for different sets holding real data, and then it can be compared with other procedures.
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Dube, Themba, i Oghenetega Ighedo. "On lattices of z-ideals of function rings". Mathematica Slovaca 68, nr 2 (25.04.2018): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ms-2017-0099.
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Abstract An ideal I of a ring A is a z-ideal if whenever a, b ∈ A belong to the same maximal ideals of A and a ∈ I, then b ∈ I as well. On the other hand, an ideal J of A is a d-ideal if Ann2(a) ⊆ J for every a ∈ J. It is known that the lattices Z(L) and D(L) of the ring 𝓡L of continuous real-valued functions on a frame L, consisting of z-ideals and d-ideals of 𝓡L, respectively, are coherent frames. In this paper we characterize, in terms of the frame-theoretic properties of L (and, in some cases, the algebraic properties of the ring 𝓡L), those L for which Z(L) and D(L) satisfy the various regularity conditions on algebraic frames introduced by Martínez and Zenk [20]. Every frame homomorphism h : L → M induces a coherent map Z(h) : Z(L) → Z(M). Conditions are given of when this map is closed, or weakly closed in the sense Martínez [19]. The case of openness of this map was discussed in [11]. We also prove that, as in the case of the ring C(X), the sum of two z-ideals of 𝓡L is a z-ideal.
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Nikmehr, M. J., i S. M. Hosseini. "When the annihilator-ideal graph is planar or complete bipartite graph". Asian-European Journal of Mathematics 12, nr 02 (kwiecień 2019): 1950024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793557119500244.
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Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring with identity and [Formula: see text] be the set of ideals of [Formula: see text] with nonzero annihilator. The annihilator-ideal graph of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is a simple graph with the vertex set [Formula: see text], and two distinct vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are adjacent if and only if [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we present some results on the bipartite, complete bipartite, outer planar and unicyclic of the annihilator-ideal graphs of a commutative ring. Among other results, bipartite annihilator-ideal graphs of rings are characterized. Also, we investigate planarity of the annihilator-ideal graph and classify rings whose annihilator-ideal graph is planar.
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Kanai, Yasuo. "On a generalization of distributivity". Journal of Symbolic Logic 59, nr 3 (wrzesień 1994): 1055–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2275928.
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In this paper, we generalize the notion of distributivity and consider some properties of distributive ideals, that is, ideals I such that the algebra P(κ)/I is distributive in our sense.Our notation and terminology is explained in §1, while the main results of this paper begin in §2. We shall show here some relations of the distributivity and the ideal theoretic partitions. In §3, we shall study the class of distributive ideals over κ whose existence is equivalent to the ineffability of κ, and other classes. Finally, in §4, we shall consider the equivalence of the Boolean prime ideal theorem and show that the existence of certain distributive ideals characterizes several large cardinals. As a byproduct, we can give a simple proof of Ketonen's theorem that κ is strongly compact if and only if for any regular cardinal λ ≥ κ there exists a nontrivial κ-complete prime ideal over λ.
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KAUCIKAS, ALGIRDAS, i ROBERT WISBAUER. "NONCOMMUTATIVE HILBERT RINGS". Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 03, nr 04 (grudzień 2004): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498804000964.
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Commutative rings in which every prime ideal is the intersection of maximal ideals are called Hilbert (or Jacobson) rings. This notion was extended to noncommutative rings in two different ways by the requirement that prime ideals are the intersection of maximal or of maximal left ideals, respectively. Here we propose to define noncommutative Hilbert rings by the property that strongly prime ideals are the intersection of maximal ideals. Unlike for the other definitions, these rings can be characterized by a contraction property: R is a Hilbert ring if and only if for all n∈ℕ every maximal ideal [Formula: see text] contracts to a maximal ideal of R. This definition is also equivalent to [Formula: see text] being finitely generated as an [Formula: see text]-module, i.e., a liberal extension. This gives a natural form of a noncommutative Hilbert's Nullstellensatz. The class of Hilbert rings is closed under finite polynomial extensions and under integral extensions.
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Blanco-Formoso, Maria, i Ramon A. Alvarez-Puebla. "Cancer Diagnosis through SERS and Other Related Techniques". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, nr 6 (24.03.2020): 2253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062253.
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Cancer heterogeneity increasingly requires ultrasensitive techniques that allow early diagnosis for personalized treatment. In addition, they should preferably be non-invasive tools that do not damage surrounding tissues or contribute to body toxicity. In this context, liquid biopsy of biological samples such as urine, blood, or saliva represents an ideal approximation of what is happening in real time in the affected tissues. Plasmonic nanoparticles are emerging as an alternative or complement to current diagnostic techniques, being able to detect and quantify novel biomarkers such as specific peptides and proteins, microRNA, circulating tumor DNA and cells, and exosomes. Here, we review the latest ideas focusing on the use of plasmonic nanoparticles in coded and label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Moreover, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy, colorimetric assays, dynamic light scattering (DLS) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry or total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy among others are briefly examined in order to highlight the potential and versatility of plasmonics.
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Conca, A., E. De Negri i E. Gorla. "Universal Gröbner Bases and Cartwright–Sturmfels Ideals". International Mathematics Research Notices 2020, nr 7 (25.04.2018): 1979–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imrn/rny075.
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Abstract The main theoretical contribution of the paper is the description of two classes of multigraded ideals named after Cartwright and Sturmfels and the study of their surprising properties. Among other things we prove that these classes of ideals have very special multigraded generic initial ideals and are closed under several operations including arbitrary multigraded hyperplane sections. As a main application we describe the universal Gröbner basis of the ideal of maximal minors and the ideal of 2-minors of a multigraded matrix of linear forms generalizing earlier results of various authors including Bernstein, Sturmfels, Zelevinsky, and Boocher.
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Langvatn, Silje Aambø. "Should International Courts Use Public Reason?" Ethics & International Affairs 30, nr 3 (2016): 355–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679416000265.
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This article assesses recent claims that international courts and tribunals can enhance their legitimacy through public reason. Section one argues that international legal scholars attribute a wide range of meanings to public reason, and goes on to provide clarification of how this range of conceptions, or ideas and ideals, referred to as public reason fits into the dominant and broadly Rawlsian tradition. Section two analyses properties and features of international courts that make public reason normatively relevant. Section three then sketches an ideal of public reason for ICs that suggests guidelines and principles to limit the discretion of judges when reasoning about morally and politically contentious issues. This ideal is designed to address a particular legitimacy concern raised against many new international courts, namely, that they engage in judicial activism, passing judgments on contentious moral and political issues without being sufficiently authorized and accountable. This ideal does not encourage the judges to engage in more judicial review, rather it seeks to restrict the judges' reasoning and judicial discretion when engaging in review and judicial development of the law. The final section compares and contrasts the proposed account of public reason to other adjudicative ideals, both from the general adjudicative accounts of Ronald Dworkin and Cass Sunstein, as well as the more ambitious and cosmopolitan accounts of public reason for ICs offered by the legal scholars Kumm, Sadurski, and Petersmann.
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Anbarasu, Prema, Amritha Lenin i Saravana Kumar Subramanian. "Smile esthetics perceptivity among dental practitioners and other professionals". IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research 7, nr 4 (15.01.2022): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2021.051.
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To evaluate the perception of ten commandments of the smile esthetics among dental practioners and other professionals.The study population consisted of 540 samples (GroupI: 260 dental practitioners and Group II: 280 other professionals). A web based survey was conducted using google forms. Questionnaire was prepared including all the 10 variables determining smile esthetics using various smile photograph. Each questions has 4 options (A- ideal smile esthetics, B- mild deviation from ideal smile esthetics, C - moderate deviation and D- Marked deviation).The participants were asked to select the most attractive smile (the best options) for each of the ten variables that determines the smile esthetics. The rate the attractiveness of different smile variables were assessed by two group of the study population.Option A received the highest no: of responses for all the components of smile esthetics by both the dental and other professionals except the sixth and eighth smile component (gingival exposure and midline) where more responses received towards mild deviation from ideal by the other professional than the dental professional. There is no significant difference between the smile esthetic perception betwen the dental professionals and the other professionals. Orthodontist should pay more attention to improve smile esthetics in coordination with other dental speciality in addition to the correction of malocclusion
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Moradi, Somayeh, i Fahimeh Khosh-Ahang. "On Vertex Decomposable Simplicial Complexes and Their Alexander Duals". MATHEMATICA SCANDINAVICA 118, nr 1 (7.03.2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/math.scand.a-23295.
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In this paper we study the Alexander dual of a vertex decomposable simplicial complex. We define the concept of a vertex splittable ideal and show that a simplicial complex $\Delta$ is vertex decomposable if and only if $I_{\Delta^{\vee}}$ is a vertex splittable ideal. Moreover, the properties of vertex splittable ideals are studied. As the main result, it is proved that any vertex splittable ideal has a Betti splitting and the graded Betti numbers of such ideals are explained with a recursive formula. As a corollary, recursive formulas for the regularity and projective dimension of $R/I_{\Delta}$, when $\Delta$ is a vertex decomposable simplicial complex, are given. Moreover, for a vertex decomposable graph $G$, a recursive formula for the graded Betti numbers of its vertex cover ideal is presented. In special cases, this formula is explained, when $G$ is chordal or a sequentially Cohen-Macaulay bipartite graph. Finally, among the other things, it is shown that an edge ideal of a graph is vertex splittable if and only if it has linear resolution.
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Melikov, Ibragim M., Olga B. Skorodumova, Svetlana E. Kryuchkova i Salavat F. Yakupov. "Foundations of alternative science in the history of philosophy". LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, nr 1 (4.01.2021): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-6220202171705p.201-207.
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The aim of the study is to develop an idea of alternative science based on ideas in the history of philosophy. The novelty of the work lies in the creation of an idea of an alternative model of science, which allows solving the existing problems of modern science. The main research methods are hermeneutic and axiological, as well as a systems approach. The conclusion reached by the authors is that alternative science should not describe existing empirical realities but develop a scientific ideal. In turn, this scientific ideal must have a spiritual content, i.e. to be spiritualized. It must be recognized as the highest truth, and all other ideas that have their manifestation in our world, science must consider through comparison with a scientific spiritualized ideal.
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Barbarski, Paweł, Rafał Filipów, Nikodem Mrożek i Piotr Szuca. "When does the Katětov order imply that one ideal extends the other?" Colloquium Mathematicum 130, nr 1 (2013): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/cm130-1-9.
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Ramajayam, Krishna K., Danforth A. Newton i Dieter Haemmerich. "Selecting ideal drugs for encapsulation in thermosensitive liposomes and other triggered nanoparticles". International Journal of Hyperthermia 39, nr 1 (24.07.2022): 998–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2022.2086303.
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Stewart, Eric. "Book Review: Jesus and Other Men: Ideal Masculinities in the Synoptic Gospels". Biblical Theology Bulletin: Journal of Bible and Culture 49, nr 3 (8.07.2019): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146107919852276i.
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Kojman, Menachem. "Small sets in convex geometry and formal independence over ZFC". Abstract and Applied Analysis 2005, nr 5 (2005): 469–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/aaa.2005.469.
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To each closed subsetSof a finite-dimensional Euclidean space corresponds aσ-ideal of sets𝒥 (S)which isσ-generated overSby the convex subsets ofS. The set-theoretic properties of this ideal hold geometric information about the set. We discuss the relation ofreducibilitybetween convexity ideals and the connections between convexity ideals and other types of ideals, such as the ideals which are generated over squares of Polish space by graphs and inverses of graphs of continuous self-maps, or Ramsey ideals, which are generated over Polish spaces by the homogeneous sets with respect to some continuous pair coloring. We also attempt to present to nonspecialists the set-theoretic methods for dealing with formal independence as a means of geometric investigations.
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EL-MONSEF, M. E. ABD, E. F. LASHIEN i A. A. NASEF. "S-COMPACTNESS VIA IDEALS". Tamkang Journal of Mathematics 24, nr 4 (1.12.1993): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5556/j.tkjm.24.1993.4515.
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Compactness modulo an ideal has not been widely studied. Many new sorts of weak compactness have been introduced to topological spaces in the last twenty years but have not been studied using ideals. So, the main aim of our work is to study relations between ideals and some types of weak compactness. We initiate types of compactness modulo an ideal that generalize semi-compactness, $S$-closeness, $S$-Lindelofness and other types of compactness. Moreover, we study some of their properties and characterizations.
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Dean, Richard. "Humanity as an Idea, as an Ideal, and as an End in Itself". Kantian Review 18, nr 2 (4.06.2013): 171–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1369415413000083.
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AbstractKant emphasizes that moral philosophy must be divided into two parts, a ‘purely rational’ metaphysics of morals, and an empirical application to individuals, which Kant calls ‘moral anthropology’. But Kant gives humanity (die Menschheit) a prominent role even in the purely rational part of ethics – for example, one formulation of the categorical imperative is a demand to treat humanity as an end in itself. This paper argues that the only concepts of humanity suited to play such a role are the rational idea of humanity, and the rational ideal derived from this idea, which Kant discusses inCritique of Practical Reasonand other texts.
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Bergenholtz, Henning, i Bjarni Norddahl. "The Ideal Number of Lemmas in an Ideal Accounting Dictionary". HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 27, nr 53 (2.12.2014): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v27i53.20988.
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<p align="LEFT">Lemma lacunas in dictionaries are a traditional focus area for lexicographers, but the opposite problem, which we choose to call <strong>lemma flooding</strong>, has received very little attention. The study of this flooding could be relevant in order to save lexicographers spending thousands of hours producing dictionary entries which nobody reads.</p><p align="LEFT">In Bergenholtz/Norddahl (2012) we showed that during a three-year period less than 33% of all dictionary articles out of 18 million dictionary consultations were consulted in a dictionary with 111,000 entries. We examined nine possible reasons why a given word might not be of interest to users and consequently could be ignored in order to avoid lemma flooding. We tried to demonstrate that while it is not possible to completely avoid lemma fl ooding, implementing a relatively simple rule could minimize it. But in reality the results were quite disappointing, because there were no clear rules or methods to avoid lemma fl ooding.</p><p align="LEFT">Now we will try the same kind of analysis of log files for the English-Danish and the Danish-English Accounting Dictionaries. We see here that there are differences between different dictionaries (monolingual for English and Danish and bilingual for English-Danish and Danish-English). We will try to give some explanations, but must admit beforehand that we have not found satisfying explanations which could lead to a plan for future accounting dictionaries or other economic dictionaries thus avoiding the production of never used dictionary articles.</p>
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Furtula, Vedran. "The Physics of the Ideal Continuum". International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, nr 7 (7.08.2020): 974–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul302.
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In this paper from the domain of theoretical physics, there have been stated and briefly described the basic principles and laws that apply to the new scientific discipline of physics, which we call the Physics of the Ideal Continuum. In addition to the definition of the ideal continuum, it also defines and describes other phenomena such as the origin of matter, the origin of space-time, the origin and role of black holes and other phenomena in the universe. Special attention has been focused on the energy balance in the universe, as well as on the universal physical constant and its role in the development of the mathematical and physical models of the universe. Through the presentation of the differences between the physics of the ideal continuum, the quantum physics and classical physics, an additional stride has been made in understanding the most important laws and their applicability in these scientific disciplines, as well as their inter-connectedness. Other terms that have been given a significant role in this paper include equilibrium and gravitationalsheds (gravitational divisions).
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Johnson, C. A. "Distributive ideals and partition relations". Journal of Symbolic Logic 51, nr 3 (wrzesień 1986): 617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2274018.
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It is a theorem of Rowbottom [12] that ifκis measurable andIis a normal prime ideal onκ, then for eachλ<κ,In this paper a natural structural property of ideals, distributivity, is considered and shown to be related to this and other ideal theoretic partition relations.The set theoretical terminology is standard (see [7]) and background results on the theory of ideals may be found in [5] and [8]. Throughoutκwill denote an uncountable regular cardinal, andIa proper, nonprincipal,κ-complete ideal onκ.NSκis the ideal of nonstationary subsets ofκ, andIκ= {X⊆κ∣∣X∣<κ}. IfA∈I+(=P(κ) −I), then anI-partitionofAis a maximal collectionW⊆,P(A) ∩I+so thatX∩ Y ∈IwheneverX, Y∈W, X≠Y. TheI-partitionWis said to be disjoint if distinct members ofWare disjoint, and in this case, fordenotes the unique member ofWcontainingξ. A sequence 〈Wα∣α<η} ofI-partitions ofAis said to be decreasing if wheneverα<β<ηandX∈Wβthere is aY∈Wαsuch thatX⊆Y. (i.e.,WβrefinesWα).
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Shaveisi, Farzad. "Some Results on Annihilating-ideal Graphs". Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 59, nr 3 (1.09.2016): 641–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-2016-016-3.
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AbstractThe annihilating-ideal graph of a commutative ring R, denoted by 𝔸𝔾(R), is a graph whose vertex set consists of all non-zero annihilating ideals and two distinct vertices I and J are adjacent if and only if IJ = (0). Here we show that if R is a reduced ring and the independence number of 𝔸𝔾(R) is finite, then the edge chromatic number of 𝔸𝔾(R) equals its maximum degree and this number equals 2|Min(R)|−1 also, it is proved that the independence number of 𝔸𝔾(R) equals 2|Min(R)|−1, where Min(R) denotes the set of minimal prime ideals of R. Then we give some criteria for a graph to be isomorphic with an annihilating-ideal graph of a ring. For example, it is shown that every bipartite annihilating-ideal graph is a complete bipartite graph with at most two horns. Among other results, it is shown that a ûnite graph 𝔸𝔾(R) is not Eulerian, and that it is Hamiltonian if and only if R contains no Gorenstain ring as its direct summand.
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Hofmann, Christian. "Pharma partnering: other people’s science". Molecular Biology of the Cell 28, nr 1 (styczeń 2017): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e16-07-0512.
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Partnering is an ideal field if someone is seeking to move from a scientific to a more business-oriented discipline. Partnering’s goal is to identify and acquire external innovation. These discoveries are then included in a company’s pipeline and help bring novel treatments to patients. Advanced scientific training is essential in the identification and evaluation of these external assets. Here I describe how partnering works in a pharmaceutical company and offer advice on how to make a successful transition from a PhD program to a business career.
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Hernández-Hernández, Fernando, i Michael Hrušák. "Cardinal Invariants of Analytic P-Ideals". Canadian Journal of Mathematics 59, nr 3 (1.06.2007): 575–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-2007-024-8.
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Skov, Tobias Kidde. "Lærerrollen der blev væk: Opbygningen af et transformativt lærerideal". Nordic Journal of Vocational Education and Training 11, nr 2 (30.08.2021): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/njvet.2242-458x.21112117.
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This article raises the question if the role of the vocational teachers needs another teacher’s ideal. The foundation of the article is a rising tendency to describe the teacher’s role by other means than being a teacher and making the role of the teacher a matter of bringing students safely and easily to a learning outcome, through a teaching task described as both a supervisor, facilitator, motivator, and consultant.
The article commences by explaining the tendency to understand the vocational teacher by others means than a teacher. Through analysis of ideas from Gert Biesta, Hartmut Rosa and Andrea English, the article will point to a transformative teaching ideal as a way of understanding the role of the vocational teacher, and at the same time try to exemplify this teacher ideal through different types of vocational education. The article will conclude by arguing that a transformative understanding of the teacher’s role can be seen as a more embracing ideal as opposed to the current trend of constructivism, and at the same time as an ideal, that gives back the original teaching task to the teacher.
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Nikolaeva, I. A. "The ideals of student youth in relation to the present, possible and anti-ideal". Education and science journal 24, nr 4 (13.04.2022): 168–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2022-4-168-199.
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Introduction. The study of youth ideals is of traditional interest because they provide an understanding of youth values and social orientations, which determine the choice of future and current social behaviour. Ideals are a component of a single image of the world; they are interrelated with the actual (present), possible/impossible and anti-ideal as fundamental modes of human existence. The correlation of ideals with these categories reveals their functionality as regulators of social behaviour. The theories of self-concepts and identity most fully use this system of categories. However, there is still no research of these categories as a single functioning system when studying the image of the social world of young people.Aim. The aim of the current research is to study the ideals of student youth in the context of the desired/present, possible/impossible, and permissible/unacceptable (anti-ideal).Methodology and research methods. The object of research is images of “other people” with socio-group and characteristic features, freely reproduced by students. The online study involved 284 second-year students; they reproduced 6472 images of “others” and attributed 13961 features. To identify the implicit structure of the desired categories, the respondents evaluated “others” on an ungraded scale of “Bottom” (anti-ideal) – Self – “Top” (ideal). The implicit structure includes ideals; images of the present (equivalent Self); images of the desired-possible; images of the undesirable, but possible and permissible; images of the unacceptable (anti-ideals). The author compared the ideals with other evaluative and normative categories by three parameters: 1) the frequency of actualisation in consciousness (relevance); 2) socio-group (institutional) specificity; 3) the value-added content of characteristic features.Results. The frequency of updating images was determined: ideals (7.9%), present (15.4%), desirable-possible (21.9%), undesirable, but possible and permissible (44.9%), anti-ideals (5.6%). Frequency reflects the relevance of categories in the general evaluation and regulatory system, and the probability of their occurrence in students’ minds in a situation of uncertainty. The socio-institutional specificity of ideals lies in the predominance of older and female images, images of relatives, parents and representatives of science. The priority of “loved ones” combines ideals-standards with the composition of the present, and orientation to “distant ones” as anti-ideals. It was found that the content of the ideals represents the hierarchy of personal students’ values and includes several levels: 1) central values are communicative and altruistic; they have the same frequency in all the compared categories; 2) the first level of significance is the values of knowledge; their relevance increases in terms of the possible-desired; 3) the second level is the values of achievement, struggle and risk, practical activity, physical data and comfort; their relevance increases in the samples of the possible (desirable and undesirable); 4) the third level is the values of social normativity; their relevance increases for anti-ideals. The images of the present indicate a low relevance of struggle, risk and achievements. The images of the possible correspond to ideals in the content of values, and reflect the values of the second level most specifically and differentiated. The most relevant are the samples of the undesirable possible.Scientific novelty. The values and social attributes of ideals are considered in relation to the categories of the present, possible (desirable and undesirable), anti-ideal. Quantitative relations of these categories in the current consciousness of young people are described.Practical significance. The results are useful for analysing and predicting the social behavior of young people.
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Alaba, Berhanu Assaye, i Wondwosen Zemene Norahun. "Fuzzy Ideals and Fuzzy Filters of Pseudocomplemented Semilattices". Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2019 (8.07.2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4263923.
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In this paper, we introduce the concept of kernel fuzzy ideals and ⁎-fuzzy filters of a pseudocomplemented semilattice and investigate some of their properties. We observe that every fuzzy ideal cannot be a kernel of a ⁎-fuzzy congruence and we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a fuzzy ideal to be a kernel of a ⁎-fuzzy congruence. On the other hand, we show that every fuzzy filter is the cokernel of a ⁎-fuzzy congruence. Finally, we prove that the class of ⁎-fuzzy filters forms a complete lattice that is isomorphic to the lattice of kernel fuzzy ideals.