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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "American Oil Company"
1
Cochran, Sherman. "Oil For the Lamps of China: Alice Tisdale Hobart’s Dark Novel of American Capitalism and Chinese Revolution". Journal of American-East Asian Relations 20, nr 1 (2013): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02001010.
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Among American works of fiction about China before World War II, Alice Tisdale Hobart’s Oil for the Lamps of China (1933) was second only to Pearl S. Buck’s The Good Earth (1931) in influence and sales. Hobart’s novel, evidently set during the Northern Expedition of 1926-28, also inspired a Warner Brothers film by the same name in 1935. Unlike the film, Hobart’s novel did not give a boosterish picture of American capitalism. In portraying the leading character, Steven Chase, a field agent for an American oil firm in China, Hobart drew on the experience of her husband, a field agent for Standard Oil Company. Her husband, like Chase, was callously fired after loyally serving the company and adapting to Chinese culture and protecting company property from anti-imperialist mobs. The novel is memorable for its vivid characterizations of Americans and Chinese working for an American corporation in China and for its dark view of American capitalism and Chinese revolution.
2
de Pena, Matilde G., i Deborah J. Fisher. "Business Reengineering in a South American Oil Company". Journal of Management in Engineering 10, nr 4 (lipiec 1994): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)9742-597x(1994)10:4(45).
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KAMARUDIN, SAIFUL KHAIRI. "BRITISH PROTECTIONISM AND OIL INDUSTRY PRIOR TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PETRONAS". MALIM: JURNAL PENGAJIAN UMUM ASIA TENGGARA (SEA JOURNAL OF GENERAL STUDIES) 21, nr 1 (10.11.2020): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/malim-2020-2101-02.
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The existence of protectionism policy in Malaya and Borneo had been practised by the British specifically in the oil industry during colonialism. This policy was to prevent the largest American oil corporation, from dominating the oil market in Southeast Asia. The two British oil companies, the Anglo-Saxon Company and Shell Company in the early 20th century completed their business relationship with the Dutch oil company to control the oil industry in Southeast Asia. Oil producer colonies in Southeast Asia was solely granted oil supply through British oil company to prepare the outbreak of the First World War. This marked the height of British protectionism by providing continuous oil supply to the British Navy and expanding oil exports during the First World War. Later, PETRONAS adopted protectionism and monopoly strategies to increase equity ownership of Malays in the oil and mining industry.
4
Little, Douglas. "Pipeline Politics: America, TAPLINE, and the Arabs". Business History Review 64, nr 2 (1990): 255–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3115583.
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The Arabian American Oil Company's plan to build a pipe-line from eastern Saudi Arabia to the Mediterranean seemed to many an ideal project for business-government cooperation. A sound business project for the company would give American policymakers more and cheaper oil to aid plans to rebuild Western Europe, as well as a significant presence in the Middle East. Events in that tumultuous region, however, soon embroiled both the company and the U.S. government in a more complex relationship than had been envisioned.
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Jolink, Albert. "The urge to merge and the American Cotton Oil Company". Management & Organizational History 1, nr 4 (listopad 2006): 385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744935906071911.
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Peyerl, Drielli, Silvia Fernanda de Mendonça Figueirôa i Elvio Pinto Bosetti. "The North American geologist Walter Karl Link and oil exploratory research at Petrobras (1954–1960)". Earth Sciences History 35, nr 2 (1.01.2016): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-35.2.387.
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The necessity of petroleum and the challenges related to oil exploration in Brazil caused the country in 1953 to create Petrobras, the Brazilian oil company, and to hire a foreigner work force. The company hired the North American geologist, Walter Karl Link (1902–1982), to be the head of the Department of Exploration, one of the most important and promising departments of Petrobras. In that position, Link faced not just countless technical difficulties but also personal ones during the six years (1954–1960) that he worked for the company. The aim of this article is to demonstrate how the Department of Exploration contributed to the consolidation of Petrobras over the six year period and how Petrobras became a model for other companies.
7
Teixeira, A. A. "The Role of the State Oil Company in Latin America". Energy Exploration & Exploitation 10, nr 2 (kwiecień 1992): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459879201000203.
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ARPEL is a private organization working for the benefit of its 20 member companies as well as promoting the economic integration of their respective countries. The Latin American State Oil Companies (LASOCs) are responsible for 80% of petroleum activities in the region, which in 1990 amounted to 7.4 mbd or 11.4% of the world's production. Mexico and Venezuela are responsible for 2/3 of the output. The LASOCs. besides filling domestic needs and seeking country self-sufficiency, look for opportunities for participation in international markets and to attract external investment.
8
Zhang, Jia Xi, i Yan Hui Zhao. "The Study on 20W/40 Heavy Duty and Super-Charged Diesel Oil". Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (listopad 2012): 999–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.999.
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Based on a lot of tests, domestic based oil and additives were chosen according to the working characteristics of heavy duty and supercharged diesel in this paper. The nyctinasty of compound additive produced by American EXXON company and domestic CD-package to based oil was inspected respectively by tests[1]. Dealing with the datum of orthogonal test by computer, the three optimum formulates of 20w/40 heavy duty and supercharged diesel oil were presented.
9
VITALIS, ROBERT. "Wallace Stegner's Arabian Discovery: Imperial Blind Spots in a Continental Vision". Pacific Historical Review 76, nr 3 (1.08.2007): 405–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2007.76.3.405.
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In 1956 Wallace Stegner wrote a history of the Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco), but it was only published fifteen years later——in Beirut. The book complicates the view of Stegner as a destroyer of American western myths and a forerunner of the social and environmental turn in western history. Stegner shared with those who bought his services some problematic ideas about American identity and history in the context of the Cold War. His forgotten history of oil exploration in Saudi Arabia reveals the blind spots in his ““continental vision,”” an inability or unwillingness to see the moment as part of the long, unbroken past of the U.S. West. Stegner's journey, from chronicler of the despoiling of the West by eastern oil and copper barons to defender of cultural diversity and the collective commons, stopped, as it has for many other Americanists, at the water's edge.
10
Hadi Mihi, Zulaikha, i Qahtan Raouf Abdullah. "The American factor influence on the British position during the Iranian oil crisis 1951-1953". Journal of University of Raparin 11, nr 3 (9.07.2024): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(11).no(3).paper10.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The issue of nationalizing oil in Iran has already been addressed by researchers in previous studies that were characterized by comprehensiveness، However، this study attempts to shed light on the ongoing controversy in some aspects related to the British position، which were not resolved in previous studies، in light of the data which we obtained from unpublished documents and the recently published British and American documents and memoirs of decision makers in the countries concerned. There are still those who believe that the oil interests of Western companies were the most important factor in formulating the British and American decision، but there is another school that believes that the security factor and the exigencies of the Cold War were the most important factor in resolving matter the way it was done. This study is an attempt to shed further light on this controversy. The study will give special importance to the American factor and its influence on the British position during the Iranian oil crisis. The importance of the research is evident in the fact that it specializes in studying the first real attempt by a country that seeks to nationalize one of its most important resources in the Middle East in the atmosphere of the Cold War. Therefore، the study is an attempt to explain and analyze how and why the government of Muhammad Mosaddeq was seeking to nationalize Iranian oil ، and we discuss the challenges it faced in order to achieve that goal. As for the methodology of the paper، we study the debate on the subject by following the historical methodology in addressing the issues in a chronological way and critically analyzing the discourse. While doing the analyses، we compare the British archival material with that of American and the Iranian. The collected data from the archival material will be used to evaluate the previous studies in the field. As for the structure of the research، it consists of an introduction، two sections، and the conclusion. In the preface، light is shed on a historical renunciation of the Anglo-Iranian company. As for the first section، it is devoted to studying the development of British oil interests in Iran (1902-1951)، in which the conflicting British and Russian interests towards Iranian oil addressed. Besides، the differences between the views of the Iranian government and the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company during 1947-1951 on the oil crisis are explained in detail. The second topic deals with the stand of the United States of America on the oil crises and its impact on formulating British position during the Iranian oil crisis 1951-1953.While explaining the US stand on the crisis ، we will point the two distinct stages in this regard .Finally ، we explain and discuss how the US and British government had eventually reached the conclusion that a joint efforts were needed to overthrow the government of Muhammad Mossadegh on August 19، 1953. In the end study will present its most important findings.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "American Oil Company"
1
Parker, Chad. "Transports of progress the Arabian American Oil Company and American modernization in Saudi Arabia, 1945-1973 /". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3324514.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of History, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 12, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: A, page: 3290. Adviser: Nick Cullather.
2
Al, Ankari Abdulrahman. "Technology transfer : a case study analysis of the Saudi oil and petrochemical sectors". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3465.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In the recent past a number of technologies have been imported into The Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia. This experience has affirmed the conviction that technology can make an
invaluable contribution to the growth of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. However, in
doing so, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, like other nations, faces some questions of
possible obstacles, trials and errors during the course of industrial development and
technology transfer, that can be addressed by utilising science and technology efficiently
to develop many sectors, improve output of industry, develop standards and -status of
national manpower and its utilisation. This study analyses issues related to successful
technology transfer in Saudi industry
As such, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between industrial
development and technology transfer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the important
role that modem technology can play in development of the oil and petrochemicals
sectors. The aims are to provide a better understanding of the linkage between technology
transfer and industrial development strategies in general, with special emphasis on the
performance of the Saudi oil and petrochemical industry in particular. As such, to avoid
failures on technology transfer, it becomes an imperative to analyse technology transfer
by considering various approaches, as follows:
Technology and industry is a key to future growth in Saudi Arabia - The main
objective here is to locate, attract and keep industry. The concept of technology
and industry deals with role of technology and the dynamics of Saudi's industry
environment to excel in markets.
Strategy at the functional level - this relates to the various activities assigned to
different departments in the organisational structure. The concept means that all
functions must be conducted in accordance with industry, technology and strategy.
Strategy and technology - this means how to transfer an already existing
technology to Saudi industry.
Strategy for research and development - The concept deals mainly with how to
plan, finance and implement R&D for products, security, environmental protection
etc. Where to draw the line between general and specific objectives in R&D.
The chosen method to study these issues is case study analysis of SABIC (Saudi Basic
Industries Corporation) and Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabian Oil Company). SABIC has
been established for two main strategic objectives that go together in two parallel lines.
The first objective aims to develop human resources and to turn them into a trained
category that has the capability to transfer, assimilate and develop the most sophisticated
technologies. The second objective aims to develop the natural resources and convert
them to industrial products, helping to diversify the domestic income sources and open
iii
the doors for building up processing industries to satisfy the local and external market
requirements. The first case study (SABIC) provides an overview of the phenomenon of
technology transfer to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. For comparative purposes the
second case study involves a case study of Saudi Arabia's largest oil firm (Saudi
Aramco). These two case studies have been selected for their:
i role in technology transfer in Saudi oil and petrochemical sectors,
ii approach and access to greater resources in technology transfer,
iii exposure of firm behaviour in the Saudi industrial sector,
iv contribution to Saudi economic development and realisation of additional income
through improved operations.
The two case studies, typical of large companies not only in Saudi Arabia but also in
the world, will address the obstacles in learning, committing and increasing performance through technology transfer. These cases highlight a range of choices available in
technology transfer, which provide a wide range of means for technological learning
through transfer. They offer different opportunities for further innovation and technology
development.
Although Saudi Aramco and SABIC claim 80 percent and 73 percent " Saudisation",
respectively, the survey indicates that native Saudis need more participation and
involvement in technology process in order to raise their technological know-how.
As a result of this study, a common approach to technology transfer into Saudi Aramco
and SABIC may be developed and applied by industry, per its requirements to address
existing and prospective problems. At present Saudi Arabia has the capacity to absorb new technologies in its growing industrial sector. This is required to meet its desired
objectives of becoming industrialised and self-sufficient in required technologies.
The real test of effective technology transfer in this study is the need to build Saudi local
technological capability supported by an effective learning strategy. The ultimate aim is
to expand the scope of this study beyond the academic level towards the practical
challenges of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of inward technology transfer for
future Saudi industrial development.
3
Georgel, Pierre-Desmond. "Politique étrangère des États-Unis et politique pétrolifère de l'Aramco en Arabie Saoudite de 1943 à 1973". Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030115.
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Entre 1943 et 1973, des osmoses entre les activites du gouvernement des etats-unis en arabie saoudite et celles de l'arabian american oil company se produisirent ; elles ne resultaient pas d'une entente concertee mais de deux approches souvent divergentes. Afin de preserver une concession petroliere contenant pres du quart des reserves mondiales et afin de se demarquer des positions pro-israeliennes des gouvernements americains, le consortium qui associait quatre mulrinationales petrolieres americaines developpa sa propre politique socio-economique ; cette politique generale l'ambivalence caracteristique des relations americano-saoudiennes. Les forces et les contre-pouvoirs du pouvoir executif, du pouvoir legislatif et de l'industrie petroliere qui accelerent ou freinerent l'engagement americain dans le royaume ont ete analyses dans un cadre chronologique. Apres les hesitations de la periode 1943-1945, l'avenelment de la guerre froide engendra un engagement irregulier. A partir de 1950, le contexte politique regional et la volonte des pays exporateurs de petrole de s'affranchir de la tutelle des compagnies exploitantes amenerent la monarchie saoudienne a reconsiderer les termes de la concession. La nouvelle dependance petroliere des etats-unis au debut des annees 70 et la troisieme guerre israelo-arabe d'octobre 1973 modifierent alors les dynamiques qui avaient regi les relations bilaterales. Some interactions between the united states government foreign policy in saudi arabia and the activities of the arabian american oil company occured between 1943 and 1973 but by and large separation of federal and private activites remained a key feature of the american presence in saudi arabia during that period. Protection of a concession which sheltered approximately a quarter of the world's oil reserves and involved the interests of four american major oil comapnies was aramco's prime concern. In order to offset the pro-israeli policies of the u. S. Government, the company sponsored its so-called enlightened policy of economic development. These divergent approaches generated an element of ambivalence which permeated the saudi-american relationship. The checks and balances from the executive, the legislative brandh and the oil industry which alternatively accelerated or restrained american involvement in the kingdom have been examined in a chronological perspective. Following the uncertainties of the 1943-1945 period, the cold war generated unequal presidential concerns. As early as 1950, political unrest in the middle east and the will of the oil exporting countries to reject foreing domination unduced the saudi monarchy to revise cautiously the terms it had granted to aramco. In the realy 70's the us became a net oil importer and the third israeli-arab war drastically midified the prevailing
4
Ankari, A. A. "Technology Transfer: A Case Study Analysis of the Saudi Oil and Petrochemical Sectors". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3894.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In the recent past a number of technologies have been imported into The Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia. This experience has affirmed the conviction that technology can make an
invaluable contribution to the growth of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. However, in
doing so, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, like other nations, faces some questions of
possible obstacles, trials and errors during the course of industrial development and
technology transfer, that can be addressed by utilising science and technology efficiently
to develop many sectors, improve output of industry, develop standards and -status of
national manpower and its utilisation. This study analyses issues related to successful
technology transfer in Saudi industry
As such, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between industrial
development and technology transfer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the important
role that modem technology can play in development of the oil and petrochemicals
sectors. The aims are to provide a better understanding of the linkage between technology
transfer and industrial development strategies in general, with special emphasis on the
performance of the Saudi oil and petrochemical industry in particular. As such, to avoid
failures on technology transfer, it becomes an imperative to analyse technology transfer
by considering various approaches, as follows:
Technology and industry is a key to future growth in Saudi Arabia - The main
objective here is to locate, attract and keep industry. The concept of technology
and industry deals with role of technology and the dynamics of Saudi's industry
environment to excel in markets.
Strategy at the functional level - this relates to the various activities assigned to
different departments in the organisational structure. The concept means that all
functions must be conducted in accordance with industry, technology and strategy.
Strategy and technology - this means how to transfer an already existing
technology to Saudi industry.
Strategy for research and development - The concept deals mainly with how to
plan, finance and implement R&D for products, security, environmental protection
etc. Where to draw the line between general and specific objectives in R&D.
The chosen method to study these issues is case study analysis of SABIC (Saudi Basic
Industries Corporation) and Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabian Oil Company). SABIC has
been established for two main strategic objectives that go together in two parallel lines.
The first objective aims to develop human resources and to turn them into a trained
category that has the capability to transfer, assimilate and develop the most sophisticated
technologies. The second objective aims to develop the natural resources and convert
them to industrial products, helping to diversify the domestic income sources and open the doors for building up processing industries to satisfy the local and external market
requirements. The first case study (SABIC) provides an overview of the phenomenon of
technology transfer to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. For comparative purposes the
second case study involves a case study of Saudi Arabia's largest oil firm (Saudi
Aramco). These two case studies have been selected for their:
i role in technology transfer in Saudi oil and petrochemical sectors,
ii approach and access to greater resources in technology transfer,
iii exposure of firm behaviour in the Saudi industrial sector,
iv contribution to Saudi economic development and realisation of additional income
through improved operations.
The two case studies, typical of large companies not only in Saudi Arabia but also in
the world, will address the obstacles in learning, committing and increasing performance
through technology transfer. These cases highlight a range of choices available in
technology transfer, which provide a wide range of means for technological learning
through transfer. They offer different opportunities for further innovation and technology
development.
Although Saudi Aramco and SABIC claim 80 percent and 73 percent " Saudisation",
respectively, the survey indicates that native Saudis need more participation and
involvement in technology process in order to raise their technological know-how.
As a result of this study, a common approach to technology transfer into Saudi Aramco
and SABIC may be developed and applied by industry, per its requirements to address
existing and prospective problems. At present Saudi Arabia has the capacity to absorb
new technologies in its growing industrial sector. This is required to meet its desired
objectives of becoming industrialised and self-sufficient in required technologies.
The real test of effective technology transfer in this study is the need to build Saudi local
technological capability supported by an effective learning strategy. The ultimate aim is
to expand the scope of this study beyond the academic level towards the practical
challenges of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of inward technology transfer for
future Saudi industrial development.
Książki na temat "American Oil Company"
1
Walker, Charlie. America is still the place. San Francisco]: Read a Book Pub., 2003.
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2
McConnell, Philip C. The hundred men. Peterborough, N.H: Currier Press, 1985.
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McCollum, Ross. An American dream come true: The story of my career in the oil business. Pasadena, Calif: R. McCollum, 1985.
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4
Casillas, Rex J. Oil and diplomacy: The evolution of American foreign policy in Saudi Arabia, 1933-1945. New York: Garland Pub., 1987.
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5
Madakor, Nnamdi. Analytical fate and mass transport modeling of Harbor Island tank farms: ARCO Oil, GATX (former Shell Oil) and TEXACO Oil : a decision making tool in the cleanup action plan. Bellevue, Wash: Dept. of Ecology, Toxics Cleanup Program, Northwest Regional Office, 1997.
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Madakor, Nnamdi. Analytical fate and mass transport modeling of Harbor Island tank farms: ARCO Oil, GATX (former Shell Oil) and TEXACO Oil : a decision making tool in the cleanup action plan. Bellevue, Wash: Dept. of Ecology, Toxics Cleanup Program, Northwest Regional Office, 1997.
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Crocker, Michael Reilly. Children of the sand: Life and times of the American children who grew up in Saudi Arabia. [Nacogdoches, Tex.]: [Michael Crocker], 1999.
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Brown, Anthony Cave. Oil, God, and gold: The story of Aramco and the Saudi kings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999.
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Hardcastle, Mary Ellen. I'll tell you a story of Saudi Arabia. [Philadelphia]: Xlibris, 2008.
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Shaykh, Tawfīq. al- Batrūl wa-al-siyāsah fī al-Mamlakah al-ʻArabīyah al-Saʻūdīyah. Landan: Dār al-Ṣafā lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, 1988.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "American Oil Company"
1
Bini, Elisabetta. "Building an Oil Empire: Labor and Gender Relations in American Company Towns in Libya, 1950s–1970s". W Working for Oil, 313–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56445-6_12.
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2
"6 The Emergence of the Iraq National Oil Company". W The Paranoid Style in American Diplomacy, 135–61. Stanford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503627925-009.
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Hiro, Dilip. "Black Gold and America Shape Iran and Saudi Arabia". W Cold War in the Islamic World, 21–38. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190944650.003.0002.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The discovery of oil near Masjid-e-Suleiman in Iran in 1908 by a British company aroused interest in Britain and America to explore the wider region for it. Standard Oil Company of California (Socal) secured oil concessions in Saudi Arabia from King Ibn Saud in 1933. The subsequent Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco) struck oil in 1938. The importance of Saudi petroleum increased when, following Iran’s nationalization of the British-owned Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) in 1951, Western countries boycotted Iranian oil. The political turmoil in Iran ended with the restoration of the briefly deposed Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi to the throne with the assistance of the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in August 1953. He leased the rights to Iran’s petroleum to the consortium of four Western oil companies for twenty-five years. With that, the United States became the prime Western influence in Tehran. By then Riyadh had forged military links with Washington. Soon rivalry developed between King Saud, a spendthrift ruler, and his austere Crown Prince Faisal. It ended with Saud abdicating in favor of Faisal in 1964. Four years earlier, Saudi Arabia had become one of the five founders of the Organization of Oil Exporting Countries (OPEC).
4
Citino, Nathan J. "Gender, Domesticity and Speed: American Petro-Modernity". W Life Worlds of Middle Eastern Oil, 275–97. Edinburgh University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781399506144.003.0012.
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The presence of the Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco) in Saudi Arabia constituted part of what Stefanie LeMenager has called ‘petro-modernity’. Petro-modernity established hierarchies between and within societies where Western corporations and governments built neo-colonial economic relations with formally independent, oil-producing states. This gendered, post-war order was characterised not only by masculine technologies of speed that relied on hydrocarbons, such as the automobile and the airplane, but also by a domesticity focused on consumerism. A complementarity between speed and domesticity was created both in the car-centred suburbs of post-war America and in the Saudi Eastern Province, which became a key site of global hydrocarbon production as well as home to communities built for oil workers and their families. Power hierarchies within petro-modernity were challenged at every level, from labour strikes in the oil industry, to demands by women including the right to drive, and the price hikes and embargo imposed by Arab oil producers on the United States during the 1970s.
5
Toprani, Anand. "The Allure of Independence". W Oil and the Great Powers, 25–59. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834601.003.0001.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This chapter discusses the origins of Britain’s postwar oil strategy, which aimed at making Britain independent of imports from other great powers, especially the United States. It begins by reviewing Whitehall’s increasing preoccupation with oil as a matter of national security before 1914, including the Royal Navy’s shift to oil and the government’s purchase of a majority of shares in the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. It then examines the British experience during and immediately after World War I, when officials began pursuing two of the key objectives of British strategy—securing British majority ownership of Shell and the oilfields of Mesopotamia. The chapter concludes with an assessment of how oil influenced Britain’s war aims in the Middle East and Anglo-American competition over the region’s oil.
6
Stollery, Martin. "Saudi Arabia’s John Ford?" W Films That Work Harder. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462986534_ch28.
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The premiere of Desert Venture, a colour film promoting the transformative endeavours of the Arabian-American Oil Company (ARAMCO) in Saudi Arabia, is a prime example of how “ephemeral authorship” can be highly relevant to the study of industrial film. Desert Venture was promoted at its premiere and in other contexts as the work of Robert Yarnall Richie, a photographer and filmmaker with a well-established professional reputation within the oil industry. ARAMCO suggested that Desert Venture was the creative product of a “frontiersman” who exemplified many qualities outlined in Frederick Jackson Turner’s “The Frontier in American History” (1893), and in 1930s “nation-building” Westerns, mirroring the celebration in the film itself of the new American oil frontier in Saudi Arabia.
7
Pierson, George W. "Mobility". W The Comparative Approach to American History, 106–20. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195112603.003.0008.
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Abstract One day, several years ago, a single-engine Cessna airplane, flying from New Haven to Rhode Island, ran out of power, came down safely on Expressway 95, and was promptly hit by a mobile home. About the same time a team of youth researchers discovered that, out of more than a thousand boys and girls whom they had been studying, 70 per cent remembered their families’ having moved once, twice, three, or even four times, and 13 per cent remembered their families having moved five or more times. Eighty per cent did admit to having lived in the same house for one year, but only 50 per cent for as long as five.Again in 1964 the American Petroleum Institute announced that we Americans, using 55 million oil credit cards, drove 86 million motor vehicles some 38 billion miles and lost some 43,000 lives on the road. Meanwhile at a single oil company it was taking 650 trained employees to keep track of the credit transactions-and on a routine day they had to handle four thousand changes of address: which figured out to a residential mobility of 30 per cent in a single year.
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Valentine, Scott. "Wind Power in the United States". W Wind Power Politics and Policy. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199862726.003.0009.
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There is a lot of money on the line in America’s energy sector and where there is money, there is politics. In 2011, Exxon reported revenues of US$486 billion and after-tax profits of US$41 billion. Only 27 nations generated more GDP than Exxon generated in revenues. As of 2011, Exxon reported over US$214 billion invested into property, plant, and equipment. In short, there are a lot of sunk costs to defend. In the coal sector, America’s Peabody Energy, which is the world’s largest private sector coal company, posted US$8.077 billion in revenue in 2012. Understandably, America’s energy sector is one of the most hotly contested marketplaces in the world and in this marketplace, fossil fuel interests rule the roost. On the other hand, 9/11 and the ensuing military response have engendered a change in the ideological underpinnings of American energy security efforts. Even conservative factions that have typically supported a free trade energy policy have now begun to talk about the importance of ensuring control over domestic energy security. One study by Oak Ridge National Laboratory estimated that between 1970 and 2004, American dependence on foreign oil has cost the country $5.6–$14.6 trillion. This reflects both the cost of the oil and the direct economic consequences of macroeconomic shocks and transfers of wealth. Another more recent study estimated that oil dependence in the United States exceeded US$500 billion for 2008 alone. These claims are supported by trade data. The United States purchases more than 60% of its oil from foreign sources each year and the cost of petroleum products is the single largest contributor—48%—to the country’s US$700 billion trade deficit. Supply costs aside, one study recently concluded that the military costs in the Persian Gulf needed to protect oil assets and infrastructure range from US$50 billion to $100 billion per year; a second, independent study put the figure at between US$29 billion and $80 billion per year. The United States is spending billions each year to protect a supply chain that is in part responsible for financing terrorist activities such as the 2001 attack on New York’s World Trade Center buildings.
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Mann, F. A. "The Aminoil Arbitration". W Further Studies in International Law, 252–63. Oxford University PressOxford, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198252474.003.0008.
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Abstract Shortly before his death the late Sir Gerald Fitzmaurice wrote to the present writer that he had just finished an arbitration which led to a ‘remarkable’ award, and that he hoped at an early date to have a discussion about it. Unfortunately, his untimely death rendered such a discussion impossible. In the absence of the advice or at least the comments of a dear and greatly respected friend the present writer must try to unravel the intricacies of this clearly ‘remarkable’, but also difficult and far from compellingly reasoned award in the case of the State of Kuwait v. The American Independent Oil Company (Aminoil). It was rendered by Professor Paul Reuter as President, Professor Hamed Sultan appointed by Kuwait and Sir Gerald appointed by Aminoil.
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Czyżewska, Barbara. "The Story Goes On". W The Story of Hilton Hotels. Goodfellow Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/9781911396949-4332.
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The shooting star - Hilton Hotels have seen it all, oil boom in Texas, prohibition, the Great Depression, World War II, the Cold War, the collapse of the Berlin Wall, the landing on the Moon, the birth of digital age and expansion of social media, and many other events which have contributed not only to the development of business but, actually, influenced people’s lives the world over. It has been the aim of this book to tell the stories of a handful of properties which had to overcome various challenges on the path to the internationalisation of this American company. In all cases these are actually stories of people, those who created the Hilton Hotels, who made it expand, or sometimes, those who made it lose. Stories of struggle, success or defeat are not unique to Hilton, but some of the ways in which Hilton navigated through these challenges are, undeniably, worth remembering. This final chapter focuses on the key solutions employed by Hilton and its people to navigate the stormy waters of international business in the 20th Century. Historical events cannot, however, be studied in isolation from the wider socio-cultural context in which they unravelled, and the internationalisation of Hilton Hotels is no different in this respect. We have looked at the development of some of the most iconic of Hilton’s properties in this company’s early expansion and the destinations which hosted these ‘little Americas’ on their land. Yet, it is crucial to also take into consideration the wider changes which contributed to the internationalisation of other companies in the first half of the 20th Century, hospitality and tourism industry in particular.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "American Oil Company"
1
Ramnath, K., S. Dyal, B. Seeram i P. Maharaj. "Development and Implementation of an Environmental Management System for an Oil Company in South Trinidad in Accordance with the ISO 14001 Standard". W SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/69613-ms.
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Sunkara, Nageswara, i Sankar Dayal Theenadhayalan. "Conceptual Design of Dahej-Nagothane Ethane Pipeline in India". W ASME 2019 India Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iogpc2019-4512.
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Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) planned to import liquid Ethane from North American market for use as feedstock in Gas Crackers at Dahej Manufacturing Division (DMD), Hazira Manufacturing Division (HMD) in the state of Gujarat and Nagothane Manufacturing Division (NMD) in the state of Maharashtra. Liquid Ethane was planned to be unloaded at GCPTCL (Gujarat Chemical Port Terminal Company Limited) Jetty and stored in cryogenic tank in DMD. For use in NMD and HMD, it was proposed to transport Ethane via a dedicated pipeline traversing through the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra and deliver at respective gas crackers of HMD and NMD in a direct usage mode as no storage facilities for Ethane were envisaged at delivery locations. Reliance Gas Pipelines Limited (RGPL), a wholly owned subsidiary of RIL implemented the Asia’s 1st liquid Ethane Pipeline project as “Dahej - Nagothane Ethane Pipeline Project” (DNEPL) and successfully commissioned the pipeline in September, 2018. This paper presents the Conceptual Design of the project including selection of phase of transportation, pipeline configuration in terms of pipeline size, no. of pump stations, spacing of main line valves (MLV’s), operating conditions, material of construction and emergency evacuation requirements of Ethane during long haul transportation.
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Saboo, S. "Optimizing Gas Pipeline Operations with Machine Learning: A Case Study of A North American Energy Company". W SPE Conference at Oman Petroleum & Energy Show. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218564-ms.
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Abstract The development of the economy is directly linked to energy consumption (Ozturk 2010). As the natural gas demand continues to grow globally, optimizing gas pipeline operations becomes a critical imperative for energy companies (Evans July 2005). This is mainly because transmission cost account for 30% of the total cost of production globally (Arash Bazyar 2021). To address this challenge, natural gas pipeline operators increasingly turn to advanced technologies such as machine learning (ML) to optimize their operations, improve efficiency, and reduce costs. This paper presents a compelling case study of a North American energy company that collaborated with a leading cloud service provider to leverage a business intelligence (BI) application backed by ML algorithms to analyze historical pipeline data and optimize gas pipeline operations while minimizing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The objectives of this paper are multi-fold: first, to demonstrate the efficacy of a BI application powered by ML algorithms in optimizing gas pipeline operations. Second, to showcase the transformative journey of the North American energy company in leveraging cloud-enabled ML solutions to achieve substantial operational improvements. This case study offers valuable insights into how ML can revolutionize the traditional pipeline optimization process and deliver tangible business results. Third, to discuss the building blocks of the ML solution deployed. Furthermore, fourth, to educate our readers on potential areas for further research and advancement. We also discuss challenges and considerations the industry may face in the broad adoption of ML applications. To begin, this paper explores the capacity conundrum of industry leaders in the natural gas transportation sector. It sheds light on the existing challenges where operators spend considerable time analyzing data from various sources to assess the operational capabilities of their pipelines. By delving into these challenges, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the need for innovative approaches such as ML to address these complexities. Following this paper, this paper explores the application of AI/ML solutions in pipeline optimization within the oil and gas sector, highlighting critical use cases and the potential benefits they bring. The paper features a prominent North American energy company that confronted similar challenges in pipeline operations. Through a strategic collaboration with a leading cloud service provider, the company embarked on a digital transformation journey to optimize its pipeline operations using ML technologies. This paper elucidates the methodologies, procedures, and processes involved in successfully implementing ML algorithms and a BI application tailored to the specific needs of the energy company. The results of this case study demonstrate the remarkable outcomes achieved through the integration of ML algorithms and the BI application. The application optimizes gas throughput daily by leveraging historical pipeline data and operator knowledge, enhancing overall operational capability. Statistical models employed in the application enable anomaly detection and system optimization and provide a unified user experience. The successful deployment of this ML-driven solution has empowered operational planners to share critical data with gas control teams and field operations, ultimately optimizing maintenance schedules and maximizing asset utilization. The tangible benefits realized by the energy company include a significant increase in daily natural gas throughput volume while simultaneously achieving substantial cost savings. Lastly, we will talk about Future Directions and Potential Challenges. Specifically, how future research in optimizing gas pipeline operations with ML should explore advanced algorithms, integration with emerging technologies, and explainable models. Moreover, understand why challenges in data quality, system integration, workforce skills, and regulatory compliance must be overcome for broader industry adoption of ML in the gas pipeline sector.
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Idris, M. I. "Minimizing Potential Operational Risk, Schedule and Cost Impact Through Early Quality Assesment of Local OCTG Mills: The Dilemma of Achieving Production Target and Overcoming Supply Chain Challenge in Indonesia". W Indonesian Petroleum Association - 46th Annual Convention & Exhibition 2022. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa22-bc-172.
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Tubulars are part of the backbone in Oil and Gas industries, especially in drilling operations as it serves as structural support, conduit, protection, pressure isolation and well barrier. Although generically the cost of tubulars could be ranging around 9-10% of the total well cost (based on PC Ketapang II Ltd. Operation), it is an integral part of the well that protects the company’s millions of dollars investment throughout the life of the well. As such, it is crucial to ensure company able to procure and utilize acceptable quality of tubulars for its operations to minimize potential operational risk, schedule and cost impact.Indonesia has many capable local mills that are certified by American Petroleum Institute (API) and recognized by the host authority as registered in Buku Data Kemampuan Nasional Industri Penunjang Migas Nasional Tahun 2021 by SKK Migas(1). However, the process and assessment result for these mills to be registered was not easy to be accessed to identify any gap with operator's standard. In order to support the aspiration by host authority to utilize local products, specifically to support the local pipe industries, the oil and gas operator as the investor shall also fulfil internal requirement to assess the pipe manufacturers in Indonesia, specifically. The assessment was conducted successfully and shows that the local mills in Indonesia have Quality Management System (QMS) and QAQC process that meets both international standards and company internal requirement. By having this assessment process, the potential risk can be minimized and local supply chain challenge can be mitigated to contribute in Indonesia Government’s aspiration towards 1 Million BOPD and 12 BSCFD target in 2030.
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Sattar, Abdul, Waseem Khan i Aamir Mahmood. "Need an Early Oil, Get Your Corporate Data in Shape". W ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211850-ms.
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Abstract Subsurface data management is one of the prime challenges confronting today's E&P industry. Oil & Gas companies are generating substantial amount of data in E&P operations to achieve their strategic goals. The fact that E&P companies are using multi-vendor technologies makes the case of standard procedures, consistent nomenclature, and data synchronization even more compelling to achieve the uniformity of data and related mnemonics across their databases. This in-turn maximizes the efficiency & potential of existing organizational resources along with facilitating the instant data access & data sharing among common end-users (geologist, petrophysicist, geophysicist etc.). United Energy Pakistan, formerly known as BP Pakistan, has a hybrid environment of multi-vendor technologies supporting its operation requirement of data and information management and archival. Its assets have a rich heritage, starting nearly four decades ago when an American E&P company, Union Texas Pakistan, initiated operations in Pakistan. Since then, several changes and a shift in ownership several times has resulted challenges to manage the assets and underlying data. Corporate Data Governance and ManagementProject was embarked to address geoscience end user challenges regarding access to validated data and cleaning of working environment. The journey began with a data management maturity assessment few years ago. This helped to identify gaps in the existing data management processes and systems. An integrated roadmap was developed to bridge the gaps with identified digital initiatives and solutions. A vendor neutral and technology agnostic approach was used to perform the site assessment. A conformance study, prior to the commencement of project, was conducted to assess the "Current State" of G&G Working project databases and to articulate the "Future State" with special emphasis on providing centralized, quality assured and integrated data environment. The study highlighted the key areas of Geoscience working environment that require improvement. Some of the key findings of study indicated huge number of working projects, data dissemination, Lack of Standards, incompleteness, inadequate dataflow mechanism and procedures, data redundancy, and inability of data search and access.
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Jaramillo, L. F., N. Campos, J. J. Sanchez, L. M. Jimenez i H. G. Acevedo. "First Exploratory Multilateral Project in Colombia: Taking Exploration to the Limit, Reducing Environmental Impact". W SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213162-ms.
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Abstract The oil and gas industry needs continuously improving in the exploration and extraction methods with a special care and strong compromise to maintain the equilibrium with environment. Based on that mission, and in compliance with the Parex Resources Greenhouse Gases and Climate strategy, Parex Resources executed the first multilateral drilling project in Colombia. It was an ambitious and challenging exploration campaign. The goal was to improve the exploration area by drilling multiples branches through different geological units and total vertical depths (TVD) into an overpressured naturally fractured field. The field presented a complex geological and structural environment. Expectations were high for both drilling optimization and formation evaluation of a compartmentalized reservoir, looking to cover the highest extension while drilling fewer wells from the surface. Considering the level of the challenge ahead, the solution was articulated in three critical fronts:Develop a vigorous planning with service company and operator engineering team for casing design, mud weight window and system, bottomhole assembly (BHA) design, and fit for purpose technology for directional drilling operations.Include a full set of logging data with reliable logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools and advanced mud logging services to fulfill geology requirements, as no wireline logging was planned due to constrains in a horizontal borehole.Implement well placement services with the most experienced team to geo-steer based on real-time data completely integrated for precise interpretation. The operational efficiency achieved was beyond expectations in all areas of well construction, not to mention the project cost reduction through the multilateral approach, preventing to drill three wells from surface. In this case, three different geological compartments were explored from one surface location. This innovative exploration approach also brought important gains on the environmental impact as surface operations were dramatically minimized compared to conventional exploration. This strategy helped the operator and service company to reduce the carbon footprint, simply by reducing the number of wells and operational days needed to explore new fields.
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Franco, Ernan, Jorge Luis Villalobos Leon, Maria Elena Quinzo Bravo, Andres Orozco i Adriana Davila. "Production Life Cycle Management Service Eliminates 1,195 Wellsite Visits in South American Field, Saving a Total of 26,141 Miles". W SPE Middle East Artificial Lift Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206953-ms.
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Abstract An oil company in South America that was operating a mature field in the middle of the Amazonian jungle wanted to reduce the number of wellsite visits required for electrical submersible pump (ESP) monitoring to avoid the field's complex logistics while optimizing field personnel resources. The planning of field trips included radio communication coordination, the granting of permits to work in local communities (some wells were near households), specific safety and security risk assessments, the accompaniment of security forces so that night driving would be possible and dealing with locals on strike to access remote well pads. These obstacles had to be sorted out to maintain wells production and optimize lift system efficiency and run life. In the field, of the more than 230 oil-producing wells that were using artificial lift systems, more than 90% were artificially assisted by ESPs, while others were produced using sucker rod pumps and hydraulic pumping units; in general, all the lifting systems worked under challenging downhole conditions such as pump-setting depths > 10,000 ft, motor temperatures > 300°F (> 149°C), and gas and solids production (e.g., scale, paraffin, and asphaltenes). This difficult production scenario combined with the large number of artificial lift systems in use resulted in frequent wellsite visits by monitoring crews to solve production-impacting events such as shutdowns, gas locks, and stuck pumps. With an average interwell spacing of 22 miles and the numerous variable-speed drive (VSD) configuration and frequency changes required for optimal operation, field staff were traveling more than 87 miles on average per 12-hour shift. The impossibility of resolving all critical events in a timely manner resulted in shutdowns, delayed restarts, and production deferment. Moreover, hazardous driving conditions, including night driving, and increasing insecurity in the region posed additional safety and security risks that compounded the operational challenge. Therefore, the field operator and ESP provider worked together to implement a full production life cycle management service to streamline real-time surveillance and remote interventions. The life cycle management service was built on clear channels of communication, efficient surveillance workflows, and an advanced monitoring system, with the primary objective to cope with as many field requests as possible. This service focus resulted in multiple VSD configuration changes, such as modifications to the drive frequency for optimal production, being accomplished remotely and much faster than previously possible; at the end of the 29-month period of study, the remote surveillance support had performed 1,195 VSD adjustments, 23% of the total. As a result, field staff drove 26,141 fewer miles, including 10,631 fewer miles at night, saving a minimum of 497 work hours of driving. Efficient operational procedures and close cooperation between the operator and the service company have significantly improved performance without the economic impact of increasing field crews’ capacity. This paper presents a workflow to enable remote operations in this type of environment and the results obtained in this specific project through the implementation of a surveillance service for production life cycle management.
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Arroyave, Juan Manuel, Jose Luis Paredes, Fabian Castro, Kyris Agapiou, Diogenes Barreto, Jose David Vela, Alexander Lopez, Leonardo Guzman, Maria Anayibe Fiaga i Nelson Garcia. "Tailored Cement Spacer System Improves Barrier Dependability in High Permeability Reservoir Sections in Colombia". W SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213172-ms.
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Abstract Lost circulation (LC), commonly encountered during oilwell drilling and cementing, can be a costly problem that increases non-productive time. LC is especially concerning in high permeability reservoir sections. When LC occurs during cementing, poor annular coverage and cement fall back may occur which results in an undesired top of cement and the need for remediation. Described herein is the use of a new tailored spacer fluid system engineered to effectively mitigate LC or seepage losses while preparing the wellbore to receive cement. Ecopetrol S.A, the National Oil Company in Colombia was concerned about cementing production liners in highly permeable, depleted sandstone sections of a formation. The challenges included permeabilities from 7-8 Darcy, lost circulation events, and unacceptable hydraulic seals according to cement evaluation logs resulting in remedial operations. Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) was an initial solution. As part of the best cementing practices to meet this objective, designing and tailoring of the spacer needs to be taken into consideration. Optimum tuning allows the cement to cover zones of interest and reduce contamination such that the cement properties can develop and bond with the formation in an efficient way. A new spacer system was designed to optimize cementing jobs, the tailored spacer system utilizes additive synergies to help prevent LC in porous or fractured formations and enable control of rheological hierarchy and wellbore fluid displacement efficiency. Use of the new cement spacer system with the tailored approach enabled flawless execution per the job design. The spacer exhibited excellent rheological behavior to meet and maintain hierarchy requirements. Cement was circulated to the top of the liner. After performing the cementing operation, LC was not observed. Cement bond log (CBL) and variable density log (VDL) results confirmed zonal isolation objectives were achieved. Operations with previous wells in the same field required remedial squeeze jobs to complete. In this case, the Tailored Cement Spacer System helped eliminate the need for remediation, allowing a significant cost saving opportunity on these wells. The new spacer system successfully employed in high permeability formations in cementing operations in Colombia allowed savings for the operator and helped improve barrier dependability.
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Susanto, Tedy, Muhammad Dedy Nurmansyah i James Thomas Ladd. "Harnessing Leak Detection System in Offshore Pipeline Operation". W Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32374-ms.
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Abstract Delivery of crude oil from Single Point Mooring (SPM) through subsea pipeline to Onshore Receiving Facility (ORF) play critical role for refinery processing and operation. The pipeline laid in seabed, connecting oil tanker to storage facility on onshore side. Leak Detection System (LDS) is required to monitor any oil leakage from the pipeline. If leak happens and no LDS in place, mitigation action will be late, cause much oil or gas will be released to the environment, dangerous for ocean habitat, harmful for human and asset safety i.e. explosion and fire, then it can impact on company reputation that own or operate the pipeline. Tankers transport crude oil via subsea pipeline to oil refinery storage tank including activities such as loading, unloading, and flushing line. Pipeline LDS project scope of works comprise hardware, software, and service. The integration amongst these parts will determine project completion success criteria. Supervisory Control and Data Acquistion (SCADA) system located in Central Control Room (CCR) is used to monitoring all pipeline operation over long distance. The connected data start from smart field devices, collected by Remote Telemetry Unit (RTU), transmit by telecommunication media, and finally reach the CCR. All operation setting can be adjustable according to different kind of oil product LDS software is an advanced high fidelity software application for the pipeline industry which meets the American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice (API RP) 1130 Computational Pipeline Monitoring (CPM) system. When the SCADA and LDS system were installed, the project will continue into commissioning and critical tuning phase where actual values and Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) is established or revised. SPM's power availability from solar panel and telecommunication bandwidth should be monitoring all the time. Parallel with that, there is the possible threshold setting should be estimated as per API 1149 that impact on leak detection performance from several factors i.e. accuracy of pressure, flow, and temperature transmitter, slack line condition, and properties of products. The crude oil coming with different API from different oil producer. The system will continuously calculate imbalances using data gathered from field devices. Dynamic threshold adjustment to mitigate transient alarm and avoid false alarms, which these are temporary changes and are removed after time averaging period end. By have all these information via SCADA and Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) system, it will reduce boat trip to the SPM, which means reduce CO2 emission and operating cost. LDS system will monitor the pipeline leakage and provide good mitigation plan by located the leak with Global Positioning System (GPS), delivering crude oil using offshore pipeline will be safer to human safety and environment.
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Ransome, G., S. Kadera i M. John. "Forging Alliances in a State Oil Company". W SPE Latin America/Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/36118-ms.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "American Oil Company"
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Marinkovic, Catalina, i Adrien Vogt-Schilb. Is Energy Planning Consistent with Climate Goals? Assessing Future Emissions from Power Plants in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, październik 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005183.
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At least ten Latin American and Caribbean countries have pledged to achieve carbon neutrality. Has electricity planning in the region evolved towards reaching these goals? We compare power generation capacity in 2023 to announced plans in 2019. We then estimate committed emissions from existing and planned power plants that is emissions that would result from the normal operations of these plants during their typical lifetime and compare them to emissions from power generation in published IPCC scenarios. We find that fossil fuel planned capacity has decreased by 47% since 2019, mainly due to the cancellation of 50% of coal and 40% of gas projects, compared to only 32% of renewable energy projects. But existing plants in the region will emit 6.7 GtCO2 during their lifespan, and if all planned plants are built, they will add 4.9 GtCO2, totaling 11.6 GtCO2, exceeding median carbon budgets for 1.5 and 2C-consistent IPCC pathways (2.3 and 4.3 GtCO2). Natural gas power plants are the largest contributor to existing (62%) and planned (75%) emissions (versus 24% and 23% for coal). We evaluate emissions reduction strategies to achieve carbon budgets. Assuming no new coal plants comes into operation, announced gas and oil projects are canceled at the same rate as in the past four years, all fossil fueled plant lifetimes are reduced by 10 years, and all new natural gas displaces existing coal, committed emissions fall by 59%, almost meeting the 2C budget, but still twice as large as the median 1.5C budget. Our results suggest that while progress is being made, energy planning in the region is not yet consistent with global climate goals as reflected by the IPCC scenario database.
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Lopez, David, Mariana Weiss, José Francisco Pessanha, Karla Arias, Livia Gouvea i Michelle Carvalho Metanias Hallack. The Effects of the Energy Transition on Power Sector Employment in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, luty 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004715.
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The present study analyzes the relation between energy transition and the job creation potential in Latin America. It capitalizes on companies' characteristics to infer potential hiring process drivers in forthcoming years. The analysis is based on an econometric model on cross-sectional data to explain the dependent variable "potential hiring rate" depending on the firm's size (based on the number of clients), area of activity or technology, employees' level of education, and the existence of labor policies. The data came from 338 companies interviewed, including generation, transmission, distribution, energy transition services, oil and gas, and construction companies in six Latin American Countries (Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, and Uruguay). The econometric study focused on 135 companies that declared hiring new employees in the next year concerning the time they were interviewed. The results show that the smaller energy companies with a larger participation of a qualified workforce will tend to have a higher expected hiring rate in the forthcoming year, implying an inverse relationship between a firm's size and potential hiring rate. The model findings convey that as the workforce is compounded with more qualified employees, the higher the expansion of the company's labor force will be, particularly in renewable generation companies. There is an additional aspect worth considering about the factors behind the company's potential hiring rate, and it is the question of job quality. The results suggest that firms hiring more are those with a lower number of policies in place. It can be explained by the fact that more traditional companies tend to have better-established policies, such as hydrocarbon and utilities. These are not the companies with the highest increase in the workforce. This takeaway raises a discussion about whether a change in the job's quality is associated with the energy transition or if it is just associated with new entrants that will become traditional in the following years. Moreover, it also helps to explain some of the political economies of the labor market that may play a role in the energy transition process. Therefore, one of the present study's main takeaways is the need to analyze deeper and promote job quality in smaller energy companies.
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Koven, William, Gordon Grau, Benny Ron i Tetsuya Hirano. Improving fry quality, survival and growth in commercially farmed fish by dietary stimulation of thyroid hormone production in premetamorphosing larvae. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695856.bard.
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There is a direct correlation between successful metamorphosis from larvae to post-larvae and the quality of the resultant juveniles or fry. Juvenile quality, in turn, is a major factor influencing fish production level and market price. However, following the profound morphological and physiological changes occurring during metamorphosis, the emerging juveniles in some species characteristically demonstrate heterotrophic growth, poor pigmentation, cannibalism and generally poor survival. The white grouper (Epinephelus aeneus) in Israel and the Pacific threadfin (Polydactylussexfilis) in Hawaii are two promising candidates for mariculture that have high market value but a natural fishery that has sharply declined in recent years. Unfortunately, their potential for culture is severely hampered by variable metamorphic success limiting their production. The main objective was to compare the efficacy and economic viability of dietary or environmental iodine on metamorphic success and juvenile quality in the white grouper and the pink snapper which would lead to improved commercial rearing protocols and increased production of these species both in Israel and the US. The Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology encountered problems with the availability of pink snapper brood stock and larvae and changed to Pacific threadfin or moi which is rapidly becoming a premier aquaculture species in Hawaii and throughout the Indo-Pacific. The white grouper brood stock at the National Center for Mariculture was lost as a result of a viral outbreak following the sudden breakdown of the ozone purification system. In addition, the NCM suffered a devastating fire in the fall of 2007 that completely destroyed the hatchery and laboratory facilities although the BARD project samples were saved. Nevertheless, by studying alternate species a number of valuable findings and conclusions that can contribute to improved metamorphosis in commercially valuable marine species resulted from this collaborative effort. The Israeli group found that exposing white grouper larvae to external TH levels synchronized and increased the rate of metamorphosis. This suggested that sub-optimal synthesis of TH may be a major factor causing size heterogeneity in the larval population and high mortality through cannibalism by their larger more metamorphosed cohorts. Two protocols were developed to enrich the larvae with higher levels of the TH precursor, iodine; feeding iodine enriched Artemia or increasing the level of seawater iodine the larvae are exposed to. Results of accumulated iodine in gilthead seabream larvae indicated that the absorption of iodine from the water is markedly more efficient than feeding iodine enriched Artemia nauplii. Samples for TH, which will be analyzed shortly, will be able to determine if another dietary factor is lacking to effectively utilize surplus tissue iodine for TH synthesis. Moreover, these samples will also clarify which approach to enriching larvae with iodine, through the live food or exposure to iodine enriched seawater is the most efficient and cost effective. The American group found that moi larvae reared in ocean water, which possessed substantially higher iodine levels than those found in seawater well water, grew significantly larger, and showed increased survival compared with well water reared larvae. Larvae reared in ocean water also progressed more rapidly through developmental stages than those in low-iodine well seawater. In collaboration with Israeli counterparts, a highly specific and precise radioimmunoassay procedure for thyroid hormones and cortisol was developed. Taken altogether, the combined Hawaiian and Israeli collaborative research suggests that for teleost species of commercial value, adequate levels of environmental iodine are more determinate in metamorphosis than iodine levels in the live zooplankton food provided to the larvae. Insuring sufficiently high enough iodine in the ambient seawater offers a much more economical solution to improved metamorphosis than enriching the live food with costly liposomes incorporating iodine rich oils.
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Source rock geochemical and visual kerogen data from cuttings of the following Copper River Basin oil and gas exploratory wells: Amoco Production Company Ahtna Inc. #1 (2000' - 7928'); and Pan American Moose Creek Unit #1 (1980 - 7860'). Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/19098.
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Office of Institutional Integrity Annual Report 2008. Inter-American Development Bank, styczeń 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005709.
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In 2008, the Office of Institutional Integrity (OII) entered its fifth year of operation. OII is an independent unit of the Inter-American Development Bank Group (IDB or Bank Group). During 2008 OII¿s responsibilities for supporting internal integrity efforts have diminished. In 2007, the Bank created an internal Ethics Office and hired an Ethics Officer. OII¿s externally-focused efforts have increased. In the past year, the Office responded to an ever-growing number of inquiries and completed 150 investigations. This was the second year in which the Bank Group made this list public. Disclosing sanctions is one of the mechanisms that reinforces the Bank Group¿s message that it will deal severely with those responsible for the misuse of funds and failure to comply with its anti-corruption policies. Additionally, OII improved the efficiency and effectiveness of its use of human, technological and knowledge-based resources in its investigative processes. In 2008, there was also significant progress in the area of prevention. OII continued to support the Institutional Capacity of State Division. Particular attention was directed to identifying and implementing initiatives under the Anti-corruption Activities Trust Fund (AAF).