Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „American Association of Port Authorities”
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Maricuț, Alin, Giani-Ionel Grădinaru, Erika Marin i Valentina Vasile. "Efficiency of urban development: gaps in continental profile". Management & Marketing 18, s1 (1.12.2023): 398–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2023-0021.
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Abstract International authorities such as the European Commission and the United Nations pay special attention to sustainable urban development, for this purpose, strategies such as the European Green Deal or the Sustainable Development Strategy 2030 agenda, SDG 11 Sustainable cities and communities are developed. Urban development represents a fundamental direction in the transition process towards the green economy, a sustainable economic model. The paper aims to identify the degree of efficiency of economic development in the context of sustainable development for 41 cities in Romania, Germany, Japan, United States of America and Australia. To achieve this objective, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method is used, with the aim of identifying the gaps regarding the sustainability of the analyzed cities. Data Envelopment Analysis allows the evaluation of the efficiency of urban settlements in the sample based on representative variables, selected as input. So, the research is ready to give answer to question like “What are the efficient cities in terms of sustainability?” and “What are the relationships between the cities included in the sample?”. The main results showed that there are cities that have a model of sustainable economic development, but certain cities present significant gaps from the point of view of efficient sustainable economic development. In addition, port cities seem to develop an association relationship, with inefficient port cities being associated with efficient port cities.
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MALONI, MICHAEL, i ERIC C. JACKSON. "North American Container Port Capacity: A Literature Review". Transportation Journal 44, nr 2 (2005): 16–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20713596.
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Abstract International marine container volumes have surged over the last several decades, but North American ports and their supporting container distribution networks have struggled to increase capacity to match this expansion. This article seeks to review and organize existing container network capacity literature into a taxonomy based on the interrelated stakeholders of container flows. The article first establishes the industry capacity situation, then examines research of capacity influences from stakeholders, including port authorities, terminal operators, longshore labor, shippers, railroads, drayage carriers, intermediaries, ocean carriers, governments, and local communities. Ultimately, the article attempts to establish the urgency of container network capacity problems and identify areas needing further research.
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MALONI, MICHAEL, i ERIC C. JACKSON. "North American Container Port Capacity: A Literature Review". Transportation Journal 44, nr 2 (2005): 16–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.44.2.0016.
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Abstract International marine container volumes have surged over the last several decades, but North American ports and their supporting container distribution networks have struggled to increase capacity to match this expansion. This article seeks to review and organize existing container network capacity literature into a taxonomy based on the interrelated stakeholders of container flows. The article first establishes the industry capacity situation, then examines research of capacity influences from stakeholders, including port authorities, terminal operators, longshore labor, shippers, railroads, drayage carriers, intermediaries, ocean carriers, governments, and local communities. Ultimately, the article attempts to establish the urgency of container network capacity problems and identify areas needing further research.
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Nyberg, John E., Shachak Pe’eri, Susan L. Slocum, Matthew Rice, Maction Komwa i Donglian Sun. "Planning and Preparation for Cruising Infrastructure: Cuba as a Case Study". Sustainability 13, nr 5 (9.03.2021): 2951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052951.
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The cruise line industry (CLI) provides an opportunity to rapidly improve national (and regional) economies in destinations. However, lack of planning and proper preparation by destination authorities and the cruise industry can have significant impacts on the local community, commerce, and environment. This paper identifies and quantifies near-shore challenges between the national authorities and the CLI that include port facility preparedness and the potential stresses on local infrastructure. These key parameters used to quantify the impact of the CLI on established destinations can potentially become part of the analysis, negotiation, and communication between all parties involved (government, business, and tourists) as part of the contribution to ensure sustainable CLI destinations. The Port of Havana, Cuba was selected as the study site and was compared against similar cruise line destinations around the Meso-American region (Philipsburg, Sint Maarten, Belize City, Belize, and Progreso, Mexico). The Port of Havana’s natural infrastructure and the carriage available for the incoming ship (i.e., nautical charting) appear to be adequate for welcoming increased cruise ship traffic. The main concerns are the potential toll on local resources including the impact on port traffic and the local infrastructure required to support tourists once they depart the ship.
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Huttleston, Donald G. "Cultivar Registration of Unassigned Woody Ornamentals". HortScience 21, nr 3 (czerwiec 1986): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.3.361.
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Abstract Registration of cultivar names of woody ornamental plants in North America (exclusive of roses, fruits, and nuts) began in 1948 under the auspices of the American Association of Nurserymen (AAN). In 1959, Arnold Arboretum assumed responsibility for the registration of woody ornamental cultivars that had not been assigned to other registration authorities. In 1980, the International Society for Horticultural Science appointed the American Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta (AABGA) as North American Coordinator for the International Registration Authority for cultivar names of unassigned woody ornamentals and for National Registration authorities in the United States and Canada. Arnold Arboretum (1959–1980), the U.S. National Arboretum (1981-1984), and Longwood Gardens (1984–present) have served as International Registration Authorities for cultivar names of unassigned woody ornamentals.
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Roberts, Toby, Ian Williams, John Preston, Nick Clarke, Melinda Odum i Stefanie O’Gorman. "Love Thy Neighbour: Social Benefits and Port-City Relationships". Sustainability 13, nr 23 (3.12.2021): 13391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313391.
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As awareness of the negative externalities created by ports increases, and the perceived local benefits decrease, ports must find new ways to improve the local noneconomic benefits they provide if they are to obtain local support. This global survey collected data from 51 ports in 26 countries. The results highlight a recognition by port authorities that ports face increasing pressure from local residents to reduce their negative impacts and that they should seek to improve the public perception towards the port by increasing local benefits. At present, port information and social media (81%), port events (67%) and education (63%) are the most adopted options. There is a lack of evidence that these measures are effective in improving local perceptions. Maritime museums and public access show a positive association with increasing local awareness of the benefits a port provides, despite their lower levels of adoption (45%). Port centres are the least adopted option at present (29%) and can be expected to increase significantly, with a 43% increase anticipated between numbers of current and expected future centres. Education (14%), public access (13%) and maritime museums (4.5%) also show increases in levels of interest. Maritime museums and public access should be pursued as proven, effective options for improving local perceptions of ports, whilst port centres may provide a new focal point for port-related social and cultural activities.
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Bonow, Clarice Alves, Valdecir Zavarese da Costa, Leticia Silveira Cardoso, Rita Maria Heck, Jordana Cezar Vaz, Cynthia Fontella Sant’Anna, Julia Torres Cavalheiro i in. "Risk Perception and Fatigue in Port Workers: A Pilot Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, nr 3 (13.03.2024): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21030338.
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Introduction and Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess fatigue in port workers; analyze the association between fatigue and levels of trust in organizations, as well as the association between authorities and risk perception; and examine the official documents governing the studied port, along with the current health and communication status of the port workers. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional pilot study, which presented quantitative and qualitative data, and it was carried out among port workers in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Thirty-nine port workers responded to quantitative questionnaires, which collected their socio-demographic data, as well as a risk perception questionnaire, the Chalder Fatigue Scale, and the Checklist of Individual Strength. Five documents from the port regiment were studied and qualitatively analyzed. The health communications consisted of presenting infographics with research data and providing information for reducing fatigue. Results: Fifteen workers (38.5%) were considered fatigued. There was a reduction in fatigue associated with trust in the unions and the labor management body, and there was an agreement that the precarious environment was completely unacceptable. The qualitative data in the documents indicated that it was possible to identify the infrastructure of the port environment, the legislation, the strategies to be adopted in cases of natural disasters, emergency plans, plans for the protection and promotion of workers’ health, individual and collective protection plans, the division of the sectors and those responsible for them, and documents detailing the hierarchy within the ports. The qualitative analysis culminated in graphic representations (infographics) created to communicate the research results to port workers, specifically in relation to fatigue, and we presented the ways to prevent fatigue at work. Discussion/Limitations: Studying the risk perceptions and fatigue levels of port workers through research with the active participation of these workers presented their lived experiences, which promoted discussion and perhaps more effective proposals to change their work conditions.
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Assis, Ana Carolina Velloso, Rafael Igrejas Silva, Luiz Flavio Autran Monteiro Gomes i Edson Daniel Lopes Gonçalves. "Port capacity expansion under real options approach: a case study in Brazil". Independent Journal of Management & Production 13, nr 1 (1.03.2022): 234–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v13i1.1476.
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Investments in port container terminals are sensitive to uncertainties. Public investments in infrastructure have been significantly reduced in the last decade in developing countries. The Brazilian government infrastructure investment was only 1.85 % of GDP in 2019, representing the lowest level in the last fifty years. Nonetheless, the regulatory framework of the port sector in Brazil has undergone significant changes over time, increasing the number of private port container terminal leases. The expansion capacity of the private port facilities is strongly linked to the demand uncertainty, which impacts the financial return to the long run. In this scenario, the uncertainty of global cargo transportation can discourage infrastructure investments in this class of project in Brazil. To overcome these issues, the financial modelling applying real options approach is better suited than the traditional valuation methods based on Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis. The present study aims to value flexibilities of anticipating, or postponing, or interrupting investments of an existing operational port terminal in Brazil with expansion capacity under the demand uncertainty. The financial decision to invest in a port expansion is modeled by an American option. The results demonstrate that the investor adds significant value to the project by having the possibility to postpone investments. The proposed model presents the contribution of optimizing the decision of sequential expansions of capacity in port terminals, at any time and according to scenarios' revelation. In addition, the model allows the government authorities to review lease contracts, considering the relevance of timing to invest in project expansion decisions. The proposed model can also be extended to other infrastructure projects in emerging economies.
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Rodríguez-Miaja, Fernando E. "Las publicaciones en el ámbito de la ciencia política". Estudios Políticos, nr 61 (18.01.2024): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.24484903e.2024.61.87606.
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En este artículo se analizan algunos de los formatos de estilo comúnmente utilizados en el ambiente académico de las ciencias sociales, particularmente en el campo de la ciencia política. Se sintetizan algunos de los elementos más importantes en sistemas como los de la American Psychological Association (APA), la de la Modern Language Association (MLA), el manual de la Universidad de Chicago y otros, como los sistemas Harvard, Oxford, Vancouver, la Modern Humanities Research Association (MHRA), la Oxford Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) y la American Meteorological Society (AMS). Utilizando tanto ejemplos teóricos como prácticos, se describen casos específicos y se comparan las últimas versiones de algunos sistemas
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Cucinotta, F., E. Guglielmino i F. Sfravara. "Frequency of Ship Collisions in the Strait of Messina through Regulatory and Environmental Constraints Assessment". Journal of Navigation 70, nr 5 (31.03.2017): 1002–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463317000157.
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The Strait of Messina is a very busy sea area that separates Sicily and the Italian mainland. In respect of environment and for the prevention of human loss, it is fundamental to have an estimate of the possible ship accidents that could occur. In this work, the approach used is the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities Waterways Risk Assessment Program (IWRAP) model. The first part of the paper describes the local and global traffic and the separation scheme in the Strait of Messina. The model input data is obtained from the Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) system thanks to the Coast Guard of Messina. The second part concerns calculation of the geometrical collisions (number of collisions in different scenarios) and the causation probability. This analysis is the basis for the discussion of new regulatory constraints due to the future realisation of new piers in the south and the planned unification of the two Port Authorities of the two shores into one single authority.
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Wang, Elyn H., Christopher D. Corso, Charles E. Rutter, Henry S. Park, Aileen B. Chen, Anthony W. Kim, Lynn D. Wilson, Roy H. Decker i James Byunghoon Yu. "Postoperative Radiation Therapy Is Associated With Improved Overall Survival in Incompletely Resected Stage II and III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer". Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, nr 25 (1.09.2015): 2727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.61.1517.
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Purpose To review trends in the use of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) for stage II and III incompletely resected non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and evaluate the association between PORT and survival in such patients. Patients and Methods We identified patients with pathologic stage N0-2, overall American Joint Committee on Cancer stage II or III NSCLC within the National Cancer Data Base who had undergone a lobectomy or pneumonectomy with positive surgical margins. Only patients coded as receiving external-beam PORT at 50 to 74 Gy or observation were included. To account for perioperative mortality, we excluded patients who survived less than 4 months after diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with PORT receipt. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed for multivariable analyses of overall survival. Results Among 3,395 included patients, 1,207 (35.6%) received PORT. Predictors for the use of PORT among this patient population included age less than 60 years, treatment in a nonacademic facility, earlier year of diagnosis, decreased travel distance, lower nodal stage, and chemotherapy receipt. On multivariable analysis adjusting for demographic and clinicopathologic covariates, PORT (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70 to 092) was associated with improved survival. Subset analysis by nodal stage showed that PORT improved survival across all nodal stages. Conclusion PORT is associated with improved overall survival in patients with incompletely resected stage II or III N0-2 NSCLC. The use of PORT for this population in more recent years has been declining. In the absence of randomized trials evaluating PORT utilization for this patient population, our findings strongly support the delivery of PORT in patients with incompletely resected NSCLC.
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Osondu-Okoro, Chukwuebuka Godfrey, Theophilus Chinonyerem Nwokedi, Justice Chigozie Mbachu, Nwokeka Eme Ogwo i Joshua Osuji Nwachukwu. "Ship Turnaround Time and Vessel Traffic in Nigerian Ports: A Correlation Analysis". European Journal of Maritime Research 1, nr 1 (15.11.2022): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/maritime.2022.1.1.3.
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The study investigated the correlation between ship turnaround time and vessel traffic in four Nigerian ports of Onne, Rivers, Delta and Calabar with a view to providing empirical justification for or against the assertion that long ship turnaround time in Nigeria ports is associated with the declining trend of vessel calls at the ports. Secondary data on the ship turnaround time (STRTt) and ship traffic (STt) of the ports were obtained from Nigeria ports Authority (NPA). The data obtained for each of the variables covered a period of 10 years between 2010 and 2019. The statistical tools of correlation analysis and trend analysis were used to analyze the data obtained. It was found that the effects of the of ship turnaround time on vessel calls to ports are port specific, suggesting that factors other than ship turnaround time, such proximity to shippers location, port charges and ship dues, cargo safety, absence of bottlenecks in the customs and clearing process, etc., may interact to influence the choice of ports. The study also found that there is a weak association/relationship between ship turnaround time in ports and ship traffic/ship calls at ports. The result also indicates that the Nigerian ports are far from achieving the global average benchmark ship turnaround time. The Average ship turnaround time in Onne port is about 49% while Delta port is about 92% higher than the global average benchmark of 2days in port. Calabar and Rivers ports have respective 150% and 241% higher ship turnaround times than the global average benchmark. It was recommended that port authorities and terminal operators should work to reduce the high ship turnaround time in Nigerian ports to meet with global average benchmark among other things.
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DePew, Charlotte L., i Mary S. McCarthy. "Subglottic Secretion Drainage". AACN Advanced Critical Care 18, nr 4 (1.10.2007): 366–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/15597768-2007-4006.
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Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a costly complication of hospitalization that lengthens intensive care unit and hospital stay, increasing morbidity and mortality. Among evidence-based measures to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia is the use of a specialized endotracheal tube that aspirates subglottic secretions. Recommendations for subglottic aspiration are found in guidelines by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, and the American Thoracic Society. The purpose of this article is to review the available evidence regarding the use of an endotracheal tube with a subglottic secretion aspiration port to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia. Issues, cost, benefits, and research recommendations will also be discussed.
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Chabot, Joceline, i Sylvia Kasparian. "“On the High Seas with no Place to Land”: The Smyrnaean Inferno and Humanitarian Aid to Armenian and Greek Refugees from Turkey (1922-1923)". International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies 6, nr 1 (13.11.2021): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.51442/ijags.0018.
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In September 1922, the great fire of Smyrna drove more than 200,000 Armenian and Greek refugees to the wharves of that port city. They had fled to Smyrna to escape the massacres perpetrated by Turkish nationalist troops and now urgently needed humanitarian aid to relocate them to safety in Greece. In this article we examine the actions and the roles of humanitarian workers of the Near East Relief (NER) and the American Women’s Hospitals (AMH) working in Greece among these refugees deported from Smyrna. We highlight the central role of women doctors and nurses in their humanitarian efforts to save this population. Their actions, and the gratitude of their peers and government authorities, solidified their professional status in the context of profound changes to transnational humanitarianism after 1919.
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Beaulieu, Michel S. "Spittoon Philosophers or Radical Revolutionaries?" Ontario History 105, nr 2 (30.07.2018): 183–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1050733ar.
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Historians contend that the heyday of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or Wobblies) in the U.S. and Canada ended when it was suppressed by the authorities in the First World War because of the “foreigners” within its ranks. However, the IWW went underground and re-emerged briefly in the late 1920s and 1930s as a force in lumber and mining unions in both countries. Little is known about its organization during this period, particularly the operations of the Canadian Administration established in 1932. This article explores the activities of Canadian Wobblies and their attempts to form a Canadian Administration between 1931 and 1935 in Port Arthur, Ontario. It establishes that the Canadian leadership increasingly separated itself from an ineffectual American leadership and attempted to establish uniquely “Canadian” polices.
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Kaynar, Bedriye Muge, i Senad Kalkan. "Current Approaches for the Diagnosis and Conservative Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence - A Guideline of Guidelines". New Journal of Urology 19, nr 1 (29.02.2024): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33719/nju1324352.
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Urologists utilize evidence-based guidelines organized by urological organizations in the management of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The objective of this study is to provide guidance in the clinical management of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) by reviewing key guidelines. We conducted a medical literature analysis in the following databases: PubMed, Medline, Embase, National Guideline Clearinghouse, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, and Cochrane Library. We also manually searched the websites of the following international and national societies to identify relevant guidelines for inclusion in this review: the International Consultation on Incontinence, American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, American Urogynecologic Society, American Urological Association/Society of Urodynamic, Female Pelvic Medicine and Urogenital Reconstruction, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, European Association of Urology, and Canadian Urological Association. The recommendations in the guidelines are summarized in different areas, including the diagnostic standards of SUI, examination and evaluation methods, and conservative treatment methods. This ‘guideline of guidelines’ presents the similarities and differences between prominent authorities in the management of SUI.
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Yan, Ran, Dan Zhuge i Shuaian Wang. "Development of Two Highly-Efficient and Innovative Inspection Schemes for PSC Inspection". Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 38, nr 03 (czerwiec 2021): 2040013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595920400138.
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Port state control (PSC) inspection contributes a lot to improving maritime safety and protecting the marine environment. After selecting the ships coming to a port for inspection, one critical challenge faced by the PSC authorities is deciding what deficiency items should be inspected and what the inspection sequence of these items is. To address this problem, two innovative and high-efficient PSC inspection schemes describing specific PSC inspection items and sequence are proposed for the inspectors’ reference when time and resources are limited, especially when there are difficulties in estimating the possible deficiencies in advance. Both schemes take the occurrence probability, inspection cost, and ignoring loss of each deficiency item into account. More specifically, the first inspection scheme is based on the occurrence probabilities of the deficiency items in the whole data set, while the second scheme further considers the correlations among the deficiency items extracted by association rules. The results of numerical experiments show that the efficiency of the two proposed inspection schemes is 1.5 times higher than that of the currently used inspection scheme. In addition, the second inspection scheme performs better than the first inspection scheme, especially with inspecting ships with no less than five deficiency items and limited inspection resources.
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Furuyama, Katie, i David Meyer. "Sources of Certification and Civil Rights Advocacy Organizations: The JACL, The NAACP, and Crises of Legitimacy". Mobilization: An International Quarterly 16, nr 1 (1.02.2011): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.16.1.15325u715l537v06.
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The Dynamics of Contention program emphasizes the role of external authorities as key to the certification of social movement actors. Its examples highlight the power of authorities to legitimate and affect the flow of resources to challengers. We focus on the continual work done by a social movement organization to be certified by multiple sources as the legitimate representative of its respective group or constituency, through an iterative and dynamic process. Using a comparative case study of two long-lived civil rights organizations in the United States, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the Japanese American Citizens League, we argue that social movement organizations must gain certification from multiple certifiers, including those whom they claim to represent, government authorities, and the media. Certification from one authority may undermine its likelihood from another, and therefore an organization must negotiate these tensions as it works toward its larger goals.
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Lally, Brian E., Daniel Zelterman, Joseph M. Colasanto, Bruce G. Haffty, Frank C. Detterbeck i Lynn D. Wilson. "Postoperative Radiotherapy for Stage II or III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database". Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, nr 19 (1.07.2006): 2998–3006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.04.6110.
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Purpose To investigate the association between survival and postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in patients with resected non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we selected patients with stage II or III NSCLC who underwent a lobectomy or pneumonectomy. Only those patients coded as receiving PORT or observation were included. To account for perioperative mortality, we excluded patients who survived less than 4 months. As a result of our inclusion criteria, we selected a total of 7,465 patients, with a median follow-up time of 3.5 years for patients still alive. Results Predictors for the use of PORT included age less than 50 years, higher American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, T3-4 tumor stage, larger tumor size, advanced node stage, greater number of lymph nodes involved, and a ratio of lymph nodes involved to lymph nodes sampled approaching 1.00. On multivariate analysis, older age, T3-4 tumor stage, N2 node stage, male sex, fewer sampled lymph nodes, and greater number of involved lymph nodes had a negative impact on survival. The use of PORT did not have a significant impact on survival. However, in subset analysis for patients with N2 nodal disease (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.855; 95% CI, 0.762 to 0.959; P = .0077), PORT was associated with a significant increase in survival. For patients with N0 (HR = 1.176; 95% CI, 1.005 to 1.376; P = .0435) and N1 (HR = 1.097; 95% CI, 1.015 to 1.186; P = .0196) nodal disease, PORT was associated with a significant decrease in survival. Conclusion In a population-based cohort, PORT use is associated with an increase in survival in patients with N2 nodal disease but not in patients with N1 and N0 nodal disease.
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Jang, Bum-Sup, i Dong Soo Lee. "Abstract 1128: Association between gut microbial change and acute gastrointestinal toxicity in patients with prostate cancer undergoing definitive radiation therapy". Cancer Research 84, nr 6_Supplement (22.03.2024): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-1128.
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Abstract Purpose: This prospective cohort study investigated the association between gut microbial changes and acute gastrointestinal toxicities in prostate cancer patients undergoing definitive radiation therapy (RT). Methods: Seventy-nine fecal samples were analyzed. Stool samples were collected at the following timepoints: pre-RT (prRT), 2 weeks after the start of RT (RT-2w), 5 weeks after the start of RT (RT-5w), 1 month after completion of RT (poRT-1m), and 3 months after completion of RT (poRT-3m). We computed the microbial community polarization index (MCPI) as an indicator of RT-induced dysbiosis. Results: Patients experiencing toxicity had lower alpha diversity, especially at RT-2w (P=0.037) and RT-5w (P=0.003). Compared to patients without toxicity, the MCPI in those experiencing toxicities was significantly elevated (P=0.019). In terms of predicted metabolic pathways, we found linearly decreasing pathways including carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes (P=0.035) and the bacterial secretion system (P=0.005), in patients who experienced toxicities. Conclusions: We showed RT-induced dysbiosis among patients who experienced toxicities. Reduced diversity and elevated RT-related MCPI could be helpfully used for developing individualized RT approaches. Citation Format: Bum-Sup Jang, Dong Soo Lee. Association between gut microbial change and acute gastrointestinal toxicity in patients with prostate cancer undergoing definitive radiation therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1128.
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Cristina Pereira da Paixão, Hérika. "A FUNDAMENTAÇÃO DA INSPEÇÃO NAVAL EM ÁGUAS JURISDICIONAIS BRASILEIRAS". Revista Científica Semana Acadêmica 9, nr 205 (16.09.2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35265/2236-6717-205-9104.
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This article discusses the basis for naval inspection in brazilian jurisdictional waters, water pollution, various legislations, laws, regulations and standards, such as LESTA, RLESTA, NORMAM 07, regarding to Naval Inspection Activities, NORMAM 09, referring to Maritime Authority Standards For Administrative Inquiries On Casualties and Facts of Navigation (IAFN), the role of the Maritime Tribunal, among others. In addition, it talks about the importance of maritime transport and port activities, especially in relation to the state of Espírito Santo. The Acuerdo de Viña del Mar, a relevant agreement regarding to naval inspections, aims to establish the basis for closer collaboration for the Maritime Authorities of the countries of the Latin American continent, in order to coordinate measures for the supervision of foreign ships that visit their ports, according to requirements of the Conventions, Codes and Resolutions that aim the safety of navigation and human life at sea and the prevention of water pollution in maritime and river waters.
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Smith, Geoffrey. "Stock management in public libraries: recent and current research." Library and Information Research 23, nr 73 (26.10.2013): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/lirg336.
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The stock is one of the key assets of public library
services, fundamental to the delivery of their
objectives, and its management is central to the
effective management of public library
authorities. The introduction of the UK
Government's 'Best Value' initiative, part of its
programme for modernising local government,
involves the questioning of all policies and
practices: it will mean further critical examination
of stock management and an important research
role. Those who hoped that the library
supply industry would have stabilised in the years
following the demise of the Net Book Agreement
and Library Licence have been disappointed. more study is needed into then selection, acquisition and management of
materials other than books in public libraries. Best
practice needs to be shared. Replication of
the survey of American Association
of Publishers and the American Library
Association could provide a valuable context for
future studies of the trade.
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Almorza, David, Jose Manuel Prieto, Víctor Amor-Esteban i Francisco Piniella. "Port State Control Inspections under the Paris Memorandum of Understanding and Their Contribution to Maritime Safety: Additional Risk Classifications and Indicators Using Multivariate Techniques". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, nr 4 (23.03.2024): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12040533.
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Port State Control (PSC) inspections conducted under the Paris Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) agreement have become a crucial tool for maritime administrations in European Union countries to ensure compliance with international maritime safety standards by ships entering their ports. This paper analyses all PSC inspections conducted in 10 major European ports belonging to the Paris MoU between 2012 and 2019. For its study, a multivariate HJ-Biplot statistical analysis is carried out, which facilitates the interpretation and understanding of the underlying relationships in a multivariate data set by representing a synthesis of the data on a factorial plane, with an interpretation that is very intuitive and accessible for readers from various fields. Applying this method with ship characteristics as explanatory variables, several classifications were derived. These classifications align with the annual performance lists published by the Paris MoU and the International Association of Classification Societies list, suggesting that this method could serve as a reliable classification approach. It provides maritime authorities with an additional indicator of a ship’s risk profile, aiding in the prioritising of inspections. The method also effectively categorises ports and types of ships used for cargo transport, offering insights into the specific maritime traffic each port experiences. Furthermore, this study identifies characteristics associated with substandard ships, which is a primary objective of PSC inspections. Beyond revealing these traits, this research underscores the existence of several readily applicable techniques to enhance maritime safety and reduce the risk of ocean pollution.
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Huttleston, Donald G. "Cultivar Registration of Unassigned Woody Ornamentals". HortScience 23, nr 3 (czerwiec 1988): 454–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.3.454.
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Abstract During 1986, 15 cultivar names in unassigned woody genera were registered. Ten of these were dwarf spiraeas. During 1987, eight cultivar names in unassigned woody genera were registered. Herbarium specimens and photographs of the plants will be deposited in the U.S. National Arboretum Herbarium. Anyone who is involved in the origination or introduction of new cultivars of ornamental plants is urged to see that they are registered with a view toward nomenclatural stabilization. A list of International Registration Authorities is avalable from the American Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta (AABGA), P.O. Box 206, Swarthmore, PA 19801.
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Ghufron, Musa, i Muhammad Perdana Airlangga. "ANTIBIOTIK PROFILAKSIS PADA PENYAKIT JANTUNG". MAGNA MEDICA: Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 6, nr 1 (21.10.2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/magnamed.6.1.2019.38-50.
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Infective endocarditis (IE) is an uncommon but lifethreatening infection. Despite advances in diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, surgical techniques, and management of complications, patients with IE still have high morbidity and mortality rates related to this condition. Since the last American Heart Association (AHA) publication on prevention of IE in 1997, many authorities and societies, as well as the conclusions of published studies, have questioned the efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent IE in patients who undergo a dental, gastrointestinal (GI), or genitourinary (GU) tract procedure and have suggested that guidelines should be revised Keywords : infective endocarditis, prophylaxis antibiotic
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Marzano, Annalisa. "Preserving cultural heritage and developing a modern city: the difficult case of Euesperides". Libyan Studies 37 (2006): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900004040.
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AbstractThis note reports on a paper presented at the American Institute of Archaeology 107th Annual Meeting (Montreal January 2006). The theme of the American Institute of Archaeology Annual meeting was ‘Management and Preservation of Cultural Heritage’. The Euesperides Project presented a paper on Euesperides (Sidi Abeid, Benghazi), the Archaic Greek settlement founded in the sixth century BC. Although the site was declared a protected area for its historical and archaeological importance, it still lacks effective protection. The site, important also from a naturalistic point of view, is used as an illegal rubbish dumping area and is awaiting a long-promised wall to prevent indiscriminate access to it.The paper stressed that many sites in Libya are in need of preservation and protection, even more so after the opening of the country to tourism. The need to develop new infrastructure, if not carefully planned in respect of the cultural heritage, may result in indiscriminate development, as witnessed at Apollonia, where a harbour was being built near the site, obliterating the ancient port. The paper discussed also the Project's proposal presented to the local authorities, concerning the realization of an archaeological park and museum of the history of Benghazi. These projects are important not only to attract tourists, but above all for the local schools and educational programmes directed to inform the younger generations about the importance of their past.
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Ohta, Ryo, Takeshi Yamada, Nobuhiko Taniai i Hiroshi Yoshida. "Abstract 3382: Detection of CTCs using a micro-channel combined fluid dynamics and electrophoresis in colorectal cancer". Cancer Research 83, nr 7_Supplement (4.04.2023): 3382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3382.
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Abstract Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that can be isolated from peripheral blood. Investigation of CTCs might allow comprehensive studies at the DNA, RNA, and protein. However, fewer CTCs generally can be collected from patients with colorectal cancer, limiting the possibility of clinical applications of CTC analysis despite the development of many different methods. We have developed a micro-channel device that integrates hydrodynamic filtration (HDF) capable of size separation and dielectrophoresis (DEP) capable of electrical property separation, using peripheral blood from colorectal cancer patients. Method: A separation test was performed using a whole peripheral blood sample obtained from colorectal cancer patients with KRASmutation in the tumor tissue. The sample blood was diluted 2-fold with PBS, and red blood cells and plasma were removed using HDF. After that, Leukocytes and CTCs were separated in the same channel by DEP. DNA was extracted from CTCs (port 1) and leucocyte fraction (port 2), and KRAS mutations were detected using droplet digital PCR. In order to evaluate the separated fractions, microwell slide was used for evaluation by nuclear staining, CD45 and EpCAM antibody staining. Results: 52 colorectal cancer patients were participated. The median age of patients was 71 years, 38 (73%) were male. Twenty-eight (53.9%) had colon cancers. Four stage III and 48 stage IV patients were included. The quality of DNA extracted from all patients were suitable for molecular genetic analysis. The DNA concentration of port 1 was significantly lower than that of port 2 (371 ng/mL vs 36667 ng/mL, P<0.001). Using droplet digital PCR, KRAS mutations were detected in the port 1 of 8 (15.4%) patients and in port 2 of 15 (28.8%) patients. In 35.5% of patients, KRAS mutations were detected in either port 1 or port 2. Conclusion: This device does not require pretreatment and is easy to extract CTCs. Since CTCs are contaminated with the leukocyte fraction, it is necessary to improve the accuracy of CTCs collection by adjusting the conditions of DEP. Citation Format: Ryo Ohta, Takeshi Yamada, Nobuhiko Taniai, Hiroshi Yoshida. Detection of CTCs using a micro-channel combined fluid dynamics and electrophoresis in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3382.
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Mestres, F., L. Serra i F. J. Ayala. "Colonization of the Americas by Drosophila subobscura: lethal-gene allelism and association with chromosomal arrangements." Genetics 140, nr 4 (1.08.1995): 1297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/140.4.1297.
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Abstract Drosophila subobscura is a Palearctic species that has recently colonized the Americas. It was first found in 1978 in Puerto Montt, Chile, and in 1982 in Port Townsend, WA. The colonization and rapid expansion of the species in western South and North America provides distinctive opportunities for investigating the process of evolution in action. The inversion polymorphism in the O chromosome from populations of central California and northern Washington, separated by 1300 km, corresponds to a previously observed latitudinal cline, also observed in Europe. Recessive lethal genes are not randomly distributed among the chromosomal arrangements. The incidence of lethal allelism is high, yielding unrealistically low estimates of the effective size of these populations (on the order of 1000 individuals). The high incidence of lethal allelism is likely to be a consequence of the low number of the American colonizers (on the order of 10-100 individuals), but the persistence of the allelism over several years suggests that some lethal-carrying chromosomes may be heterotic owing to shared associations between lethal and other genes.
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Green, Andrew. "Staff appraisal in university libraries". Library and Information Research 18, nr 60 (26.10.2013): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/lirg437.
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Staff appraisal was an American invention that emerged at the time of the Second World War. It only came to general notice two years later with the publication of the twenty-third report of 'Committee A' of the University Authorities' Panel (UAP) and the Association of University Teachers (AUT). Only one major study of the functioning of the universities' appraisal system has been published (3), and very little has been written on the experience of libraries(4). The purpose of this study was to shed light on the impact of appraisal on the 'old'university libraries and their staffs,s and to try to assess its benefits and disbenefits.
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Mills, Lillian F. "Pursuing Relevant (Tax) Research". Accounting Review 94, nr 4 (1.07.2019): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-10660.
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ABSTRACT Successfully producing relevant research requires investment throughout one's career to acquire fresh institutional knowledge, theories, and methods. In my case, almost a decade in public accounting launched multiple papers examining the tension between financial reporting and tax planning. Some of these papers directly generated new requirements for tax compliance (Schedule M-3) and indirectly influenced new financial reporting disclosures (FIN 48). As tax accounting researchers, we have the best competitive advantage in helping tax policymakers and tax authorities distinguish real effects from reporting effects. We can use that knowledge when analyzing the 2017 tax reform, especially with the help of the American Accounting Association (AAA) to build our professional networks.
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Grenfell, P., C. L. Little, S. Surman-Lee, M. Greenwood, J. Averns, S. Westacott, C. Lane i G. Nichols. "The microbiological quality of potable water on board ships docking in the UK and the Channel Islands: an association of Port Health Authorities and Health Protection Agency Study". Journal of Water and Health 6, nr 2 (1.01.2008): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2008.045.
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Providing safe potable water onboard vessels presents particular challenges and contamination can occur directly from source waters as well as during loading, storage and distribution. Between May and October 2005, 950 potable water samples were collected from 342 ships docking at ports. Comparison with Guidelines found 9% of samples contained coliforms, Escherichia coli or enterococci and 2.8% had faecal indicators (E. coli or enterococci). Action levels of aerobic colony count (ACC) bacteria were detected in 20% (22°C) and 21.5% (37°C) of samples. ACC results from one-off sampling are not informative as this does not enable port health authorities to monitor ACC trends. They should be removed as a routine criterion for remedial action and vessels should adopt the WHO Water Safety Plan approach, whilst continuing to monitor water quality with public health-based indicators (e.g. chlorine residual, coliforms, E. coli and enterococci). Logistic regression analyses identified practices associated with water quality. Practices protective against coliforms, E. coli or enterococci in potable supplies were: good hose hygiene, processing water onboard, maintaining free chlorine residual at ≥0.2 mg/L. This emphasizes the importance of good hygiene during potable water loading and maintaining adequate disinfection of supplies onboard.
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Tanuputri, Megita Ryanjani, Ravipim Chaveesuk i Adi Djoko Guritno. "The Role of Logistics Service Providers in the Distribution Channel of Imported Perishable and Processed Food Product to Java Island, Indonesia". Agroindustrial Journal 4, nr 1 (10.08.2017): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/aij.v4i1.27395.
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Today fierce competition has highly enforced the company to focus more on their core competency and has encouraged them to strengthen competitive advantage. This condition reinforces the role of logistics service providers (LSP) to help company run their supporting activities. This research aims to identify the characteristics of LSP and to analyze their role in the distribution channel of imported perishable and processed food products in Indonesia. Convenience sampling was employed as sampling methodology and in-depth interview was used to collect detail information from respondents including private stakeholders, port authorities, freight forwarder association and retailers. The research results show that the characteristics and size of the company affects the involvement of LSP in the distribution channel. The roles of freight forwarders (FF) extensively include pre-customs clearance, customs clearance and post-customs clearance. Furthermore, the role of FF considerably contributes to the ease of arranging international shipment. The role of distributor plays vital role in the tracking and tracing system and timeliness of distribution channel. Meanwhile, the role of FF and transporter is fairly low in encouraging track-able and traceable distribution channel. Further improvements are needed to encourage better distribution channel performance.
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White, Cheryl. "Saramaka Maroon Community Environmental Heritage". Practicing Anthropology 31, nr 3 (1.07.2009): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.31.3.f577132604643323.
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This discussion highlights the vital role anthropologists have played in negotiating issues of heritage management in the recent Inter- American Court of Human Rights' (IACHR) decision regarding the rights of Saramaka Maroons to ancestral land that was destroyed without the acknowledgement, authority or agreement of Saramaka peoples. The Saramaka, a tribal group living in Suriname, accused the Surinamese government of allowing multi-national logging enterprises to harvest timber from traditional Saramaka territory. In addition to this violation of human rights, the government did not provide a plan following the destruction of Saramaka collective property. In response, the Association of Saramaka Authorities submitted a petition to the Inter-American Commission claiming the government of Suriname did not consider the socio-cultural character, and the subsistence and spiritual relationship the Saramaka have with their environmental heritage. The IACHR judgment1 arms the Saramaka with the legal underpinning to enact a heritage management strategy to safeguard their physical and cultural survival.
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Alanazy, Mohammed H., Rima B. Barakeh, Alanood Asiri, Maha F. Edrees, Ahmad R. Abuzinadah, Bandar N. Aljafen i Taim Muayqil. "Practice Patterns and Barriers for Intravenous Thrombolysis: A Survey of Neurologists in Saudi Arabia". Neurology Research International 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1695014.
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Only a small fraction of patients with acute ischemic stroke receive intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). We sought to assess barriers and practice patterns in using IVT for acute ischemic stroke among neurologists in Saudi Arabia. An electronic survey was sent to all neurologists registered with the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties. A total of 148 (77.5%) neurologists responded. The most common reported barriers for IVT administration were delayed presentation to hospitals (82.4%) and unclear time of symptom onset (50.0%). Only 9.9% of neurologists reported strict adherence to the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines for IVT administration. The most frequently waived criteria were “minor stroke with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] < 5” (49.4%) and “seizure at onset” (45.7%). For the extended 3–4.5-hour window, 18.5% of neurologists reported strict adherence to the four exclusion criteria. The most frequently waived criteria were “age older than 80 years” (53.1%) and “history of both diabetes and prior stroke” (42.0%). In conclusion, most neurologists do not adhere to the IVT exclusion criteria. However, little consensus exists regarding which criteria do not interfere with IVT administration. Barriers to IVT administration were identified and require immediate action by healthcare authorities in Saudi Arabia.
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Clarke, Frances M., i Rebecca Jo Plant. "No Minor Matter: Underage Soldiers, Parents, and the Nationalization of Habeas Corpus in Civil War America". Law and History Review 35, nr 4 (20.09.2017): 881–927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248017000414.
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In the aftermath of the Civil War, state judges lost their long-held right to inquire into the legality of federal detentions, and habeas corpus—once almost solely the business of state courts—was largely transformed into a federal remedy. We argue that the wartime furor surrounding underage enlistees was a key factor in driving this legal change. Scholarship on the use of habeas corpus during the war generally concentrates on cases involving freedom of speech or political association, but thousands of parents and guardians also petitioned Union authorities and state courts to retrieve minor children who had enlisted without their consent. Angrily demanding that the military discharge such youths, they portrayed control over the personhood and labor of minor children as fundamental to American liberty. At the same time, state court judges fought to retrain jurisdiction over such cases as a critical check on federal and military power. We illuminate these conflicts by drawing on a rich array of sources that capture the competing perspectives of federal and state court judges, Lincoln Administration officials, elected representatives, military officers, parents and guardians, and minors themselves. In the process, we show the halting and contested transformation of habeas corpus, the outcome of which ultimately redefined the relationship between American citizens and their government, preventing aggrieved parents from using state courts to safeguard their rights against federal and military authorities, and blocking state courts from querying the legality of federal detentions of any kind.
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Gorn, Shoshana Berenzon, Nayelhi Saavedra, Ietza Bojorquez, Geoffrey Reed, Milton L. Wainberg i María Elena Medina-Mora. "Anxiety among Central American Migrants in Mexico: A Cumulative Vulnerability". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, nr 6 (10.03.2023): 4899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064899.
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Migration exposes Central American migrants, particularly those who migrate without documents, to a range of incidents, dangers, and risks that increase their vulnerability to anxiety symptoms. In most cases, the poverty, conflict, and violence they experience in their countries of origin are compounded by the unpredictable conditions of their journey through Mexico. The objective of this study was to explore the association between the presence of emotional discomfort and the experience of various vulnerabilities from the perspective of a group of Central American migrants in transit through Mexico. This is a descriptive, mixed-methods study (QUALI-QUAN). During the qualitative phase, thirty-five migrants were interviewed (twenty in Mexico City and six in Tijuana). During the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was administered to 217 migrants in shelters in Tijuana. An analysis of the subjects’ accounts yielded various factors associated with stress and anxiety, which were divided into five main groups: (1) precarious conditions during the journey through Mexico, (2) rejection and abuse due to their identity, (3) abuse by Mexican authorities, (4) violence by criminal organizations, and (5) waiting time before being able to continue their journey. The interaction of various vulnerabilities predisposes individuals to present emotional discomfort, such as anxiety. Migrants who reported experiencing three or more vulnerabilities presented the highest percentages of anxiety symptoms.
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Di Luzio, Giovanni, Luigi Cedolin i Carlo Beltrami. "Tridimensional Long-Term Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures with Rate-Type Creep Approach". Applied Sciences 10, nr 14 (11.07.2020): 4772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144772.
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This paper presents a general procedure for a rate-type creep analysis (based on the use of the continuous retardation spectrum) which avoids the need of recalculating the Kelvin chain stiffness elements at each time step. In this procedure are incorporated three different creep constitutive relations, two recommended by national codes such as the ACI (North-American) and EC2 (European) building codes and one by the RILEM research association. The approximate expressions of the different creep functions with the corresponding Dirichlet series are generated using the continuous retardation spectrum approach based on the Post–Widder formula. The proposed rate-type formulation is implemented into a 3D finite element code and applied to study the long-term deflections of a prestressed concrete bridge built in Romania, which crosses a wide artificial channel that connects the Danube river to the port of Constanta in the Black Sea.
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Yoo, Yunja, i Jin-Suk Lee. "Collision Risk Assessment Support System for MASS RO and VTSO Support in Multi-Ship Environment of Vessel Traffic Service Area". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, nr 10 (18.10.2021): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101143.
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The discussions by the International Maritime Organization for the introduction of a maritime autonomous surface ship (MASS) began in earnest. At the 27th ENAV meeting, the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities proposed the “sharing of a common operating picture for situational awareness of the waterway within vessel traffic service (VTS) environment” when developing a system to support MASS operation. Marine accidents caused by collisions on waterways still account for a high percentage of ship accidents that occur at sea, and many studies have investigated the risk of collision between ships. Collision risk assessment was primarily conducted in ship domain-based safety areas. This study evaluates the collision risk using the ship domain derived by the VTS operator (VTSO) and proposes a real-time collision risk assessment support system to improve the situational awareness of VTSOs and MASS remote operators (MASS ROs) regarding near-collision situations occurring in local waters. To evaluate the validity of the proposed system, a risk analysis was performed on near-collision scenarios at Busan Port. The results show that the distance to the closest point of approach (CPA), time to the CPA, and inter-ship distance converged within 0.5 nautical miles, 10 min, and 3 nautical miles, respectively.
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Essor, Maureen Ngbechi, Gospel Chimenma Dimkpa, Confidence Waribo Ihua, John Nwolim Paul, Samuel Chiburuoma Chinda, Amaka Azubuike Ogba, Blessing Ihunda Wike i in. "Hygiene Practices of Food Handlers and their Health Implications in Fast Food Resturants in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria". Saudi Journal of Medicine 8, nr 05 (27.05.2023): 312–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i05.019.
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The trend in global food safety production, processing, distribution, and preparation is creating an increasing demand for food safety research in order to ensure a safer global food supply. The aim of this study is to assess the level of food hygiene practises of food handlers and their health implications in fast food restaurants in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The study employed a cross-sectional descriptive survey to investigate the hygiene practises of food handlers. Also, an experimental method of analysis was used to determine the microbial quality of food served in restaurants. The data were also collected with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. A Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 20.0) was used to analyse the collected data. Descriptive statistics were used to display the results of the study, and the statistical association was ascertained with the chi-square test. From the results, 105 (66%) reported having good knowledge of food hygiene practises. 70 (36.8%) received training and had a certificate in cooking, while 120 (63.2%) did not. The respondents were assessed on their means of food preservation; 140 (73.7%) reported they stored food in refrigerators. Personal observation from the restaurants showed that adequate protection of food from flies and dust scored 40 (44%), while no protection scored 50 (56%). In conclusion, there is relatively low knowledge among respondents about the health implications of fast food restaurants. The majority of restaurant owners are not well or fully aware of the HACCP system in formal setups. The Ministry of Health, through the public health authorities in the urban centre, should adequately educate all restaurant owners, managers, staff, and other stakeholders on system implementation.
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PIOTROWSKA-TRYBULL, Marzena, Jarosław KOZUBA i Stanisław SIRKO. "AIRPORT AS A FACTOR SHAPING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION IN THE MUNICIPALITY IN A CHANGING REALITY". Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 121 (1.12.2023): 167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2023.121.11.
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Airports, as a component of air transport, combine air transport with other modes of transport to strengthen the transportation accessibility of a place in space, attract investors, and stimulate the development of the area. Taking into account that these issues are less exposed in relation to their immediate surroundings, research was undertaken to determine how representatives of the authorities and residents of communes (taking into account the nature of the communes and the size and location of the airport) perceive airports, located within their communes, in the context of their impact on the socio-economic situation in the communes. This was achieved by analysing the communes' strategic documents and data on the operation of communes and airports from 2016 to 2021. These data were obtained from the Civil Aviation Authority, the Central Statistical Office, the International Air Transport Association, and the International Airports Council. In an effort to better understand the relationship between the airport and the commune in which it is located, poll research was carried out using survey and interview techniques. The research focused on 10 airports spread across Poland. A total of 1,200 surveys were conducted among residents of communes, and 10 interviews were conducted with representatives of local governments and the port. To analyse the collected data and present the results, Statistica v.13.3 and R/RStudio software were used.
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Ventriglio, Antonio, Fabiana Ricci, Giuseppe Magnifico, Egor Chumakov, Julio Torales, Cameron Watson, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Annamaria Petito i Antonello Bellomo. "Psychosocial interventions in schizophrenia: Focus on guidelines". International Journal of Social Psychiatry 66, nr 8 (27.06.2020): 735–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764020934827.
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Background: Schizophrenia is a lifelong condition with acute exacerbations and varying degrees of functional disability. Acute and long-term treatments are based on antipsychotic drugs, even if some domains of personal and social functioning are not addressed by psychopharmacotherapy. In fact, psychosocial interventions show a positive impact on patient’s functioning and clinical outcome. In addition, psychosocial interventions are significantly associated with a lower number of relapses and hospitalizations in schizophrenia. Methods: An analytical review of the International Guidelines on Psychosocial Interventions in Schizophrenia has been performed; we included the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines, the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) guidelines, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) guidelines, the Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT) guidelines and the American Psychiatric Association (APA) guidelines. Results: The international guidelines recommend psychosocial interventions as supportive treatments alongside pharmaceutical or psychotherapeutic ones. Conclusion: More research studies need to be conducted and included in the updated version of the international guidelines to confirm the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in the long-term outcome of schizophrenia.
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Sudhaus, Walter, Robin Giblin-Davis i Karin Kiontke. "Description of Caenorhabditis angaria n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), an associate of sugarcane and palm weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)". Nematology 13, nr 1 (2011): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138855410x500334.
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AbstractCaenorhabditis angaria n. sp., an ectophoretic associate of the West Indian sugarcane weevil, Metamasius hemipterus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is described and illustrated. Data on biology (longevity, fecundity) and ecology are presented. Caenorhabditis angaria n. sp. is gonochoristic and can be differentiated from other species of Caenorhabditis by its comparatively short stoma in combination with six semicircular overlapping flaps on the lips, lack of a pharyngeal sleeve, one pair of teeth on each sector of the metastegostom, and a proximally open bursa with nine pairs of genital papillae (GP) and papilliform phasmids (ph) in a 2/2 + 2 + 3 + ph arrangement with GP4 and 7 opening dorsally. Caenorhabditis angaria n. sp. was isolated and cultured from M. hemipterus from Dade, Broward and Palm Beach Counties, FL, USA, and from Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, and from the American palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum, from Trinidad. The nematode is phoretically associated with weevils as dauer juveniles without causing obvious deleterious effects. Caenorhabditis angaria n. sp. does not require the association with a weevil and can be cultured continuously on bacteria.
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Crowley, John E. "Neo-Mercantilism and The Wealth of Nations: British Commercial Policy after the American Revolution". Historical Journal 33, nr 2 (czerwiec 1990): 339–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00013364.
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Few works of economic thought have such a close association with the intellectual and economic history of their period as Adam Smith's An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. Three recent careful assessments of the ‘influence’ of Smith's work, however, have found little direct evidence for its positive significance for economic policy in the 1780s and 1790s. Parliamentary debate seldom referred to the Wealth of nations, and then usually negatively unless by Smith's friends, or ‘radicals and Foxite whigs’. John Locke, David Hume, Charles Davenant, Sir Josiah Child, William Petty, Josiah Tucker and Arthur Young were all cited more frequently. A wide range of parliamentary leaders read Smith carefully, and several ministers knew him well and sought his advice, but with the exception of Shelburne they appear to have applied Smith's thought eclectically. Salim Rashid has noted that in 1776 there were already influential economic authorities, notably Arthur Young and Josiah Tucker, who advocated freer markets. Conversely, for over a decade after the publication of the Wealth of nations, articles on economic matters in the major periodical reviews made scanty reference to Smith's work, while the protectionist views of Sir James Steuart, whom Smith had ignored, were often authoritative. Smith's views became respectable among the political after negotiation of the Anglo-French commercial treaty of 1786, but it was this liberal economic policy which gave the wealth of nations currency, not the reverse.
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Baumohl, Jim. "Maintaining Orthodoxy: The Depression-Era Struggle over Morphine Maintenance in California". Contemporary Drug Problems 27, nr 1 (marzec 2000): 17–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090002700103.
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With the closure of the Shreveport Clinic in 1923, the United States entered a 40-year period during which legal opiate maintenance was limited to a small number of registered medical addicts, most of them cancer patients. Addicts were demonized, hounded by law enforcement personnel, and rarely treated outside of jails. Abstinence was the only legitimate goal of treatment. Quite correctly, historians regard the period between the mid-1920s and the mid-1960s as the Dark Ages of American drug policy. Even so, there was resistance to such therapeutic orthodoxy, notably on the West Coast. Indeed, the Los Angeles County Medical Association sponsored a morphine maintenance clinic during the early 1930s, only to see its doctors arrested and the clinic closed by federal authorities in spite ofprotests by the mayor of Los Angeles and the City of Los Angeles' director of public health. Relying on new primary sources, this paper chronicles the struggle between California maintenance advocates and the Federal Bureau of Narcotics during the Great Depression.
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Petrov, Maxim S., i Marina Basina. "DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Diagnosing and classifying diabetes in diseases of the exocrine pancreas". European Journal of Endocrinology 184, nr 4 (kwiecień 2021): R151—R163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-20-0974.
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Diabetes in the setting of diseases of the exocrine pancreas has long existed as a known, but underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, disorder. It currently finds itself in a state of taxonomic dereliction and requires a long overdue refurbishment. Correct conceptualisation is a key precondition for knowledge development in this disorder. This article lays out the epistemological foundation for diabetes of the exocrine pancreas (DEP) and presents a synthesis of the current interdisciplinary discourse on diagnosing and classifying DEP. A diagnosis of DEP in people with no medical records of pre-existing diabetes is generally based on the most up-to-date biochemical criteria endorsed by the American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes. The presence of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction is not considered a mandatory diagnostic criterion for DEP but is rather a significant risk factor for developing DEP. DEP principally comprises post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus, pancreatic cancer-related diabetes, and cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, which are mutually exclusive with autoimmune diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Other exclusions and stipulations apply. The DEP criteria will be instrumental in aiding optimal design and conduct of clinical studies, uniform collection of health utilisation data, meaningful comparison of scientific findings across countries, and clear communication among stakeholders (healthcare providers, patients, medical regulatory authorities, pharmaceutical industry).
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Vilain, Pierre, i Paul Wolfrom. "Value Pricing and Freight Traffic: Issues and Industry Constraints in Shifting from Peak to Off-Peak Movements". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1707, nr 1 (styczeń 2000): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1707-08.
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The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ), in association with Louis Berger & Associates, Inc., completed a study to determine the potential for reducing peak-period commercial traffic at the interstate crossings between New Jersey and New York City. One of the policy options examined, and the focus here, was the feasibility of encouraging a reduction in peak-period congestion through the use of congestion- or value-pricing incentives. (PANYNJ recognizes the need for a coordinated approach to reducing congestion involving as many of the regional transportation authorities as possible. Also, it is clear that congestion reduction strategies must focus on all vehicles and not simply commercial traffic. The purpose of this research was to better understand the constraints facing that segment of the market. It was not intended to suggest pricing policies focusing exclusively on commercial traffic.) Summarized are some of the findings of a large number of interviews carried out with trucking firms, in particular key personnel of the firms in positions of responsibility or authority with respect to scheduling of deliveries. The interviews, each fairly detailed and in-depth, elicited significant and valuable information to help understand what could be the response of commercial traffic to value-pricing initiatives. Another part of the analysis also is discussed, involving calculating the total value of tolls at the interstate crossings as a proportion of the generalized cost of travel (GCT) facing trucks. The analysis was carried out to assess how much the GCT would be affected by value-pricing incentives.
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Ferrandino, Vittoria, i Valentina Sgro. "Associazionismo industriale e corporativismo: l’American Chamber of Commerce in Italy nell’epoca fascista = Industrial association and corporatism: The American chamber of commerce in Italy during the fascism age". Pecvnia : Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de León, nr 19 (2.02.2016): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/pec.v0i19.3584.
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<p>Il contributo in oggetto si propone di approfondire i rapporti tra le corporazioni e i gruppi industriali italiani da un’ottica particolare, quella dell’associazionismo che si concretizza con l’American Chamber of Commerce in Italy, instituita nel 1915 per agevolare le relazioni commerciali tra Italia e Stati Uniti. La grave crisi economica del 1930 e del 1931 e, poco dopo, le gravissime restrizioni portate agli scambi con l’estero dal programma autarchico del Governo fascista, influirono notevolmente sullo sviluppo della Camera. L’autorità dell’istituzione venne a diminuire, i rapporti con gli Stati Uniti si fecero più rari e il numero dei soci diminuì notevolmente.<strong> </strong>Alle corporazioni furono affidate le autorizzazioni sui nuovi impianti, la costituzione delle compagnie per la valorizzazione dell’Africa orientale italiana, il controllo sulle iniziative economiche nelle colonie, la collaborazione col fisco nella determinazione e nell’applicazione dei tributi ed infine il controllo sul commercio estero e sulle valute. Di conseguenza, la funzione che lo Stato avrebbe dovuto esercitare servendosi delle corporazioni finì col ricadere nelle mani dei grandi industriali, che le dominavano attraverso i loro rappresentanti. Da un lato, quindi, vi erano le corporazioni, che garantivano piena libertà ai gruppi industriali, avallandone le scelte; dall’altro lato, invece, vi erano le autorità governative che riconoscevano i limiti di competenza e d’intervento di quelle istituzioni e la necessità di una migliore definizione degli obiettivi.</p><p>This contribution aims to examine the relationship between corporations and the Italian industrial groups from a particular perspective, which is that of associations through the American Chamber of Commerce in Italy, established in 1915 to facilitate the commercial relations between Italy and the United States. The economic crisis of 1930 and 1931 and, shortly after, the very serious restrictions on foreign trade of the Fascist government program influenced significantly on the Chamber’s development. The authority of the institution was to decline, the relations with the United States became more and more rare and the number of members decreased considerably. Corporations obtained the authorizations on new systems, the establishment of companies for the development of the Italian East Africa, the control on economic initiatives in the colonies, the cooperation with the tax authorities in the determination and application of taxes, and finally control over foreign trade and currencies. So the function that the State should have exercised using the corporations ended up falling into the hands of big businessmen, who ruled through their representatives. Therefore, Corporations guaranteed full freedom to industry groups supporting them, and government authorities recognized the competence and intervention limits of those institutions and the need for a better definition of the objectives.</p>
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Ayachi, Ahmed. "THE BLEEDING OF THE SHEEP BREED '' HAMRA ''". GABJ 1, nr 2 (25.05.2017): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v1i2.107.
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Because of its extent and geographical diversity, Algeria has a very rich animal heritage. Among its animals, sheep whose roots, so deep, become bogged down well beyond the Numidian period, constitute a heritage that is both natural and genetic, highly varied. However, it is mainly the two steppe breed, namely "Hamra" in the West and "Ouled Djellal" in the East, which have left their mark on the richness of this living national heritage. It should be known that in the early days of French colonization, large quantities of sheep from Algeria, stolen from different steppe regions of the country, were exported to France, but also to its colonies. However, research on this subject reveals that a strong preference for the Hamra breed has quickly seized the brokers responsible for the collection of livestock for export. Thus from 1929 until the last years of colonization, more than a million heads of sheep "Hamra" will be exported, annually, by the French colonists to the metropolis, more exactly to the port of Marseille. Embarkations were made from the port of Arzew, in the West, and the port of Algiers, for the Center and the East. Currently, to make their farms profitable, sheep owners have chosen the ovine genetic type which makes it possible to achieve the best economic and financial profits. And so it was from the time of the mechanization of the steppe and the drought of 1970 that the regression process of the ovine breed Hamra was accentuated. In fact, all thebreeders of the Hamra breed who were formerly hampered by the distances and especially by the reliefs and the lack of means of transport of the cattle began to use heavy breeding rams such as the Ouled Djellal type. This led, over time, to the genetic absorption of the Hamra sheep, which occurred in favor of the Ouled Djellal breed and its crosses, which now constitute more than 65% of the national herd population. Only 20% of which are purebred. Thus, after forty years and in the absence of a policy of management of animal genetic biodiversity, the Hamra breed is now in danger of total extinction. This could be the loss of a national genetic resource but also a heritage that is more than a thousand years old. In fact, apart a few former breeders who still hold a small number of sheep descended from the Hamra breed, this Algerian sheep breed has become unknown today by the majority of young breeders. Pending the reaction of the public authorities, the association for the preservation and promotion of the Hamra breed (APPRHamra), newly created in the wilaya of Naama, engaged with the scientific community (geneticists, agronomists, veterinarians ...) a action to promot this breed and militates in for the preservation of this animal heritage dating back several centuries.
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Sinclair, Heather M. "White Plague, Mexican Menace". Pacific Historical Review 85, nr 4 (1.11.2016): 475–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2016.85.4.475.
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This article examines a debate that emerged in El Paso, Texas at the turn of the twentieth century surrounding the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis from predominantly Anglo American migrants to the city’s ethnic Mexican population. Reports of Anglo-to-Mexican infections came from cities and towns throughout the U.S. Southwest, but by 1915 El Paso had emerged as the epicenter of the debate. Using popular and professional sources, the article tracks a shift in dominant perceptions of tubercular contagion from an association with white bodies to Mexican ones. An early narrative casts the Mexican female domestic servant as a victim of the infectious indigent white consumptive male health seeker. In 1915, as the Mexican Revolution raged and tensions between whites and ethnic Mexicans in the city sharpened, federal public health authorities published a report dismissing health seekers as a source of contagion to ethnic Mexicans. This article highlights the power of notions of race, gender, and class in shaping perceptions of and responses to epidemics, often with tragic results.
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Sugiharti, Rakmat Dwi Anugrah Putra,. "ANALISA PERBANDINGAN BIAYA DAN WAKTU PERKERASAN KAKU METODE CAST IN SITU (CIS) DAN METODE PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PAVEMENT (PPCP) (Studi Kasus Pada Proyek Jalan Tol X Di Jawa Timur)". PROKONS Jurusan Teknik Sipil 8, nr 2 (31.08.2014): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/prokons.v8i2.69.
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Concrete cracks on pavement occurred at X Toll Road implementation before the pavement attained the expected time. Consquently, it must be removed and it caused cost and time loss. CIS is a method in which fresh concrete is cured in site, and PPCP is the one in which the pavement is stressed by stretching the steel tendon and anchor into the fresh concrete before live load is applied. The objective of the study is to compare method between the two from cost and time. California Bearing Ratio (CBR), technical drawing, daily passing vehicle rate, concrete, and itemized work cost were employed. National Association of Australian State Road Authorities (NAASRA) was employed to implement the rigid pavement; American Concrete Institute (ACI) was based on PPCP for the pavement depth design.The calculations result in 27 cm deep of CIS and 20 cm deep of PPCP; IDR 216.336.692.351,25 and 208 workday for CIS ; IDR 222.068.995.407,73 and 158 workdays for PPCPKeywords: cast in situ, cost and time, rigid pavement, prestressed precast concrete pavement