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Serrhini, Kamal. "Evaluation spatiale de la covisibilité d'un aménagement : sémiologie graphique expérimentale et modélisation quantitative". Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR1801.
Pełny tekst źródłaCruchaudet, Frédéric. "Les réseaux et la protection juridique de l'environnement". Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO33001.
Pełny tekst źródłaSteiner, Bruno. "Espace public et pensée-paysage : faire place au public par le paysage". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG059.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with the making of urban public areas through the landscape focusing on two issues:- Through an epistemic approach of the landscaping project process, it intends to identify the conceptual founding principles characterizing a landscape-way of thinking the city, highlightening some paradigms that single it out: walk, map, garden.- Spotting out the risks and stakes involved in the “visibility crisis” that affects the public area nowadays in the double form of the co-presence modes that break down and of the dramatization of urban territories, it questions the new prospects opened by this new project culture to connect again political area and public areas. At the cross-road between aesthetics and politics, the making of public space can be the art to invent new processes of subjectification. The thesis considers the journeys and the tales, as raw materials to layout the areas establishing an emancipated audience; it explores some tactics of landscape writings
Fortin, Marie-José. "Paysage industriel, lieu de médiation sociale et enjeu de développement durable et de justice environnementale : les cas des complexes d'Alcan (Alma, Québec) et de Péchiney (Dunkerque, France)". Thèse, Paris 1, 2005. http://constellation.uqac.ca/535/1/24605668.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaLegoff, Nicolas. "Paysages littoraux africains : évolution de l'environnement dans un contexte d'ouverture ou d'usage renouvelé des espaces côtiers (Djibouti, Sénégal et Tunisie)". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00509708.
Pełny tekst źródłaEl, Moualy Sabine. "La nature en ville : comment les pratiques aménagistes s'adaptent en continu : étude à partir de cinq projets du Grand Ouest". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20005.
Pełny tekst źródłaEnvironnemental awarness brings urban design to become more sustainable. One argument is that nature is a garantee of urban quality, with recognition of the need to préserve a green frame in the city. This issue is crutial to current debates on urban planning and design practices. Five case studies located in western french cities should enable the reader to better understand the place of nature in design process. How do the care of nature interacts with projects trough stakeholders? And which « matériality » and spatialization are we looking for? The question is analysed from three standpoints. First, the historical approach of the projects introduce the method. Then, we examine the language in the project documentation and with stakeholders’ testimonies. Finally, each neighborhoods is whatched ont he ground. Thanks to lexicometry, discourse analysis and geomatics engineering this Phd demonstrate the variety of possible final projects even if stakeholders were sharing similar ambitions at the beginning of the planning process. Taking care of nature depends on many factors wich directly impact the quality of urban design and nature in our cities
Mouad, Bassem. "Les Trames Vertes Urbaines : analyse des représentations sociales de la « nature en ville » à Marseille et à Strasbourg". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2018. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2018/2018PA100047/2018PA100047.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe problems of the environment and biodiversity is at the heart of the international debate scientifically and politically. The exponential growth of human activities, particularly the acceleration of urbanization and the resulting massive pressure on natural resources, heralds the era of the Anthropocene. This thesis focuses on "urban green frames", conceived as new land-use planning tools aimed at reconstituting an ecological network in order to preserve biodiversity both in natural areas and in urban areas. The spatial pattern of green frames has its roots in the practices of landscape architects and urban planners internationally since the second half of the nineteenth century. We start from the hypothesis that urban green fields are means of urban amenity. Three approaches have been mobilized: biographical, geo-historical and social representations. This thesis pays particular attention to the question of representations and social practices associated with "nature in the city": an entry mobilized to understand the methods of implementation of green networks in Marseille and Strasbourg
Dony, Sophie. "Évolutions récentes de l'agriculture française : analyse géographique des grandes tendances régionales et de la mise en place d'un nouveau dispositif d'aménagement du territoire, le contrat territorial d'exploitation (C. T. E.)". Besançon, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924637.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe recent transformations in French agriculture and the emergence of the concept of sustainable development in the last decade have pushed politicians to defining new measures, of which most concern agriculture. Firstly, we propose to analyze the recent evolutions in French agriculture, particularly in the last mandate during which the most radical transformations occurred. However, the main part of the research concerns a particular aspect of spatial planning: the “Contrat territorial d'Exploitation” (the territorial exploitation contract), or CTE. The CTE is resulting from the analysis of transformations in agriculture and their environmental and territorial consequences. The CTE implies numerous restrictions, which we'll identify firstly through the complicated implementation, then through the spatial application in the French regions. Finally, the CTE at a local level are examined. They concern two provinces of the Franche-Comté region: the provinces of Haute-Saône and Doubs. This analysis allows apprehending the complexity of the instrument and the various types of contracts that exist in the studied areas. This results in a general typology of exploitations concerned by a CTE, who represents, besides the global tendencies of the province, an enormous geographical diversity of localisation. Even when it has been impossible to follow the application of the CTE, the analysis brings up numerous questions concerning the effectiveness of the instrument and of its successor, the “Contrat d'Agriculture Durable” (Contract of Sustainable Agriculture), or CAD
Mannisi, Alban. "La médiation environnementale en aménagement du territoire dans la société civile au Japon : pour une philosophie politique du paysage". Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100027.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince the 1970s, international conventions have reinforced the involvement of civil societies in the development of their territories. In Japan, this phenomenon was accelerated further to the Kōbe earthquake in 1995. In 1998, it led to the NPO (Non Profitable Organization), which consolidated the role of civil society in the stakeholders' territory. This thesis analyzes the mechanisms of civil society engagement and the use of mediators who rely on the specific relation between Japanese society and its environment (Japanese milieu), and investigates the emergence of new forms of territorial governance. In order to answer this problematic, we first study the emergence of the role of civil society through mediation in territorial planning in Japan, showing how these phenomena are partly based on certain logics, but also on international developments. Then, from the study of three practices of mediators of social engineering: KUWAKO Toshio (Philosopher), YAMAZAKI Ryō (Landscape Architect) and KOIZUMI Hideki (Urban Planner), it is observed how the techniques of mediations inspired part of foreign techniques are assimilated and readjusted to meet the needs of Japanese society. This thesis explains the porosity between autochthony and the transfer of methods of international governance. It highlights how the international will to involve civil societies is part of the logic of the Japanese milieu. In conclusion, an attempt to put into perspective the data of the thesis is sought from the statement of a political philosophy of landscape
Abdel, Salam Mohamed Essam. "L'aménagement du littoral en Egypte : paysage, ville et tourisme sur le litoral de la mer Rouge, le cas de la zone d'Al Ghardaga-Safaga". Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070080.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn Egypt, in the domain of the regional and urban planning, the concept of the landscape planning does not exist. The sectorial plans are the tools the most used where one decides on criteria and the precise objectives to apply to every sector of the coastline. The economic approach has become so the basis of an important number of the urban and tourist projects in particular for the coastal areas. But the landscape planning of the coastline relies on several aspects aesthetic, scientific and functional. Once the objective well specified it is necessary to use several social, economic, physical and ecological approaches. The Red Sea coast landscape suffered damage and deterioration for a long period of time notably the time of the oil industry development and moreover the period of the recent tourist development. The ecological quality of the urban zones deteriorated and it was the same for the maritime and interior zones. These recent years, the coastline suffered a disruption of its ecosystem. Cities and tourist villages developed separately, without economic or urbanistic links. Contrary to cities and their populations the tourism benefits by a great attention. The majority of the tourist zones have same relationships with Cairo or with the High Egypt more than with the other cities of the coast. Connecting together tourist villages with cities should be a crucial objective in the lands cape planning. This integration asks for massive changes in the urban ecology of the cities on the coast in order to adapt to the tourist activities. All tourist projects of the Red Sea coast have the same features. There is no diversity at the level of the benefits proposed to the tourists. The speed of the infrastructure development, so necessary in order to welcome the tourist activity in Al Ghardaqa-Safaga surroundings, reduced the natural zone surface. Lately, the tourist throng on the coastline decreased, and the offer exceeds the demand because both of international circumstances and the deterioration of the environment
Sausse, Christophe. "L'assolement influence-t-il la qualité des paysages agricoles pour les oiseaux nicheurs ? Estimations à partir de bases de données nationales". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLA009.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe management of crop mosaic could improve the quality of agricultural landscapes for birds, and more generally for biodiversity. Knowledge is available at the field (crop suitability) and national scales (trend analysis), but few at the landscape scale. We therefore linked the French Breeding Bird Survey on about 500 landscapes of 400 hectares, with a high-resolution multi-years land use database. Response models linking birds to crop mosaics were set, based on the variations between separate landscapes (synchronic models), and the variations of landscapes from one year to the other (diachronic models). We found that the information on crop suitability did not allow for prediction at the landscape scale and that the synchronic responses were stronger than diachronic ones, sometimes opposite. We deduced a disjunction between the landscape quality for birds and the immediate effect of its attractiveness under crop influence. Synchronic responses were modest, and varied with the landscape and geographical contexts. They were more pronounced in complex landscapes with grass and hedges, and for farmland birds compared to the whole bird community. We found that the responses to crop diversity were positive or neutral. The interest of the models taking into account explicitly the interactions between crops allows us to suggest that the crop suitability is not invariable but depends on the crop combination. The signals detected by this study were low and should be interpreted as trends that do not allow advice in specific situations. However, the results challenge some simple models used to perform biodiversity assessments on territories or agri-food and feed chains
Mambani, Jean-Bernard. "Aménagement du territoire et maîtrise spatiale : les dynamiques des paysages de la province de la Ngounié (Gabon)". Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU1007.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe crisis of the Gabonese provinces continues and the quality of the life of the populations does not stop degrading. The politics of land settlement based on the model interventionist and which privileged an absolved centralization from the power gave the territorial disparities. It is spatially translated by a variety of the landscapes. That they are urban, rural or identical, these landscapes offer themselves to the glances of the walkers, the motorists and the researchers who scrutinize them in. For five years, the Gabonese authorities are in search of the ways of making up. They privilege for that purpose, the rotary holidays; they gave to the government the occasion to invest in the various provincial capitals: to restore, modernize and to improve cities. Unfortunately, the realizations are often there - down of the projections and expectations of the government and citizens. This impasse obliged us to look for another way of territorial development. Having summarized the main lines of the construction of the Gabon, the thesis bends over the province of Ngounié. It examines in the light of the notions, concepts and tools (remote sensing, cartography, photo-interpretation) the dynamics of the landscapes of the mentioned province. The thesis proposes “the provincialization” to end in a reasoned and mastered territorial development
Vié, Jocelyn. "Voies de communication terrestres et valorisation paysagère : essai méthodologique : caractérisation des enjeux paysagers réels et proposition de méthode d'analyse intégrée du système-voirie : études de cas en Haute-Garonne France". Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20065.
Pełny tekst źródłaLandscape is in fashion. Concept attached as much to the perceptive and visual field that in a physical and ecological reality, the landscape interests general public as much as the professionals of the regional planning or researchers, in particular geographers. It is thus quite naturally that this thesis considers the relations which the road roadway system and the crossed landscapes can maintain. The step suggested will be based on a prospective reflexion on the capacity of the ways to create linear landscape the, recognizable ones as a clean element of structuring of a valley, as well as a river, that a forest, that a village. The question which this work wants to answer is to know if the roadway system constitutes a "landscape accident" in a landscape screen already preestablished and that it is advisable to protect, or if it is on the contrary a factor of diversity and a clean and identifiable landscape entity, which could present unsuspected assets. This work is based on a comparative analysis of three sectors limited of three valleys into Haute-Garonne : the valley of the Hers and the valley of Marcaissonne in the Toulouse east ; and the valley of the Garonne sweats the Pyrenean axial zone. The sought objectives, even if they remain primarily reflexive and centered on methodological research, attach a certain will of practical application with an aim of valorization of the landscapes by a distribution and a particular treatment of linear of roadway system and their accesses
Evrard, Barbara. "La côte d'Albâtre comme terrain de jeux ? : aménagements, activités physiques et paysages vécus". Phd thesis, Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUEL006.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work examines the meaning and impact of physical activities along the Upper-Normandy coast. The aim of this socio-geographical approach was to determine the types of territorial negotiations at work by analyzing the mediating factors from several angles : coastal transformations concern both usages and representations, as well as the management of choices in environmental planning. We sought to elucidate the reciprocal determination of the various cultures, social relationships, and spatial relations. The corpus contains 39 interviews, 949 completed questionnaires, 187 observation sheets, and documents from several sources (departments of urban planning, the journals of concerned parties, administrative reports). In addition to definig the physical activities, this work presents the profiles of the practitioners and identifies the various landscapes of experience. Four cases studies reconstruct the differences in scale, as well as the contradictory legitimacies that are involved (public/private, risk/security, sustainable development, etc. ). Beyond all discourse, is the Upper-Normandy coastline the object of "integrated management" ? What types of sharing and division do the recreational usages of this coastal area reflect ?
Evrard, Barbara. "LA CÔTE D'ALBÂTRE COMME TERRAIN DE JEUX ? AMÉNAGEMENTS, ACTIVITÉS PHYSIQUES ET PAYSAGES VÉCUS". Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565235.
Pełny tekst źródłaAdolphe, Michèle. "Réalités et efficacités de la "Trame Verte et Bleue" à la Réunion : le paysage comme outil de médiation pour analyser les représentations sociales des trames écologiques". Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0040.
Pełny tekst źródłaToday the green and blue belt network is a tool, which combines biodiversity and regional development policy and fully integrates territorial planning in national and overseas territories. Nevertheless, the implementation of this tool is confronted with other realities in the French overseas departments. That is the reason why this doctoral project aims to study the case of Reunion island as a forerunner in the transcribing of this spatial planning.Reunion island possesses mapping of regional ecological networks drawn up to accompany the local actors since 2014. However, only protected natural areas had been taken into account in regional projects while leaving behind ordinary nature areas. In order to understand this lack of acceptance, a sociological work was conducted to identify the political and social realities related to the green and blue belt network. If planning issue area to preserve the biodiversity is obvious for planning professionals, this tool is seen as a way to promote the development of the island for institutions. For the other users, the green and blue belt network keeps being pushed aside. However, to them biodiversity is closely tied to the daily lansdscape and they mainly perceive it through ecosystem services.A mapping plan of these results allowed to identify on the one hand areas of ecological interest holding a common social demand, and on the other hand areas excluded from this demand, which may undergo degradation. Therefore, it is now necessary to work on landscape perceptions so that ecological networks can remain functional
Khezami, Issameddine. "Approche expérimentale de valorisation des sédiments de dragage dans des applications de Génie Civil". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10179/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe topic on the use of sediments is booming for several years. It mainly concerns marine and river sediments. As for the latter, they have a particular physico-chemical composition with higher amounts of minerals and organic matter compared to marine sediments. Moreover, compared with other parts of French territory, the sediments of the region of Nord –Pas-de-Calais are characterized as "contaminated". That's why many researchs were initiated to find new avenues for development of dredged sediments in civil engineering. The main purpose of this research aims to propose a solution for the use of dredged sediment mainly three river sediments from the Nord-Pas-de Calais region for a valuation on road under layers , eco modeled landscape and the development of cementitious materials. In experimental management point of view, the choice of sediment mixtures was determined by the requirements of each reclamation operation. For this, a mixture of sediment of Deule and Croix was chosen for the valuation landscaped mound, a formulation containing sediments of Deûle and Hem has been studied for a valuation road construction. As for the valuation cementitious materials, we used the sediment of the Deule. A mathematical model of decision support validated the choice of different formulations. This work was done in collaboration with the GPMD and LMCU. The validation of the scientific method has been tested on a semi-industrial scale, through the construction of two experimental boards, which helped, initially, to assess the impact of sediments on valuation and the industrial feasibility on site
Mayrand, Flavie. "Modélisation du fonctionnement hydrologique du sol et de la biodiversité des communautés végétales. Application à l'analyse de la performance écologique d'un aménagement paysager autoroutier". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0086.
Pełny tekst źródłaHuman activities are responsible for high modifications in ecosystems functioning. It is recognized that these impacts cause definitive and high losses rate of biodiversity in every components of wildlife. Due to regulation, construction companies are bound to evaluate environmental impacts of the infrastructure construction projects (eg: roads), and more particularly, impacts on biodiversity. Companies are also bound to propose measures to avoid, reduce or mitigate residuals impacts by the creation or restoration planning of biodiversity. Unfortunately, there are not existing tools and methods clearly defined by regulation for such plans. Most of the time, predictions and environmental evaluations fail in measuring the impacts on biodiversity and efficiency of conservation planning. The research program that we conducted aimed at (i) proposing a new methodological approach in order to characterise processes and abiotic parameters which impact biodiversity of plant communities, (ii) analysing conservatory plans efficiency and (iii) proposing measures for biodiversity valuation in our study case. Our study was realised in a landscaping project zone along the A19 highway, Loiret, France. Seedling and planting were done two years before our study began. Only hydrological processes were studied based on mechanistic modelling using Hydrus-1D software. Last and final summary in the thesis
Bercovitz, Rémi. "Paysage, médiation paysagère et "bon état écologique" de la haute vallée de la Sèvre niortaise : mener une enquête historique pour fonder un projet partagé (XVIIIème -XXIème siècles)". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30051/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAny water policy oscillates between multiple vocations - social, environmental, economic, patrimonial - and arouses frequent controversies. It deploys itself according to sectorized actions, to contradictory interests and to different social representations. Today, the confliction about river landscapes re-organizes itself around a new purpose promulgated by the Water Framework European Directive: reach the " good ecological state " in 2015. Therefore, the rearrangement of the intentionality of the action is the context of my doctoral research. This one approaches the landscape at the same time as object of the knowledge and as decision-making tool. I postulate, that in front of the diversity of the social expectations and in front of the multiplicity of the objectives to be seized by the decision-makers, it is important to be able to refer to a frame integrator of reflection and action. The landscape constitutes for me this frame. In this perspective, it is envisaged as a tool of mediation capable of bringing a new "socio-territorial contract". The hypothesis of the landscape mediation thus constitutes the horizon of my contribution, which presents the methodological foundations of an approach which, applied to the case of the river landscapes of the Sèvre niortaise, is leaned on the construction and the sharing of an historical knowledge
Toda política del agua oscila entre preocupaciones y vocaciones múltiples – sociales, ambientales, económicas, patrimoniales… - y suscita frecuentes controversias. Con ella se ponen en marcha acciones sectorizadas en las que participan diferentes actores con intereses contradictorios y sistemas de representación social bien diferenciados. Hoy en día, los conflictos en relación con los paisajes del fondo del valle se reorganizan alrededor de un nuevo objetivo promulgado por la Directiva Marco Europea del Agua : alcanzar el « buen estado ecológico » de los ríos en el año 2015. Es en este contexto de cambio en las políticas del agua en el cual se basa mi investigación doctoral, en la cual se aborda el paisaje a la vez como objeto de conocimiento e instrumento de ayuda en las decisiones. Se postula que frente a la diversidad de las esperas sociales y los múltiples objetivos a tener en cuenta por los responsables de la gestión del agua, es importante poder referirse a un marco integrador de reflexión y acción. Para mi, el paisaje constituye este marco. En esta perspectiva, el paisaje se contempla como una herramienta de mediación capaz de construir un nuevo «contrato social y territorial ». La hipótesis de la mediación a través del paisaje constituye el horizonte de esta tesis, que presenta los fundamentos metodológicos de un procedimiento que, aplicado al caso de la Sèvre niortaise, se apoya en el hecho de construir y compartir conocimientos históricos
Baszynski, Sophie. "Évolutions récentes de l'agriculture française. Analyse géographique des tendances régionales et de la mise en place d'un nouveau dispositif d'aménagement du territoire, le Contrat Territorial d'Exploitation (C.T.E.)". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924637.
Pełny tekst źródłaDucolombier, Crepineau Cécile. "Facteurs d'émergence des actions communales cas de la gestion de l'espace en montagne vosgienne". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL024N.
Pełny tekst źródłaCaillault, Sébastien. "Le feu, la brousse et la savane : Modélisation spatiale de la dynamique des paysages soudaniens (Burkina Faso)". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625721.
Pełny tekst źródłaMouad, Bassem. "Les Trames Vertes Urbaines : analyse des représentations sociales de la « nature en ville » à Marseille et à Strasbourg". Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100047.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe problems of the environment and biodiversity is at the heart of the international debate scientifically and politically. The exponential growth of human activities, particularly the acceleration of urbanization and the resulting massive pressure on natural resources, heralds the era of the Anthropocene. This thesis focuses on "urban green frames", conceived as new land-use planning tools aimed at reconstituting an ecological network in order to preserve biodiversity both in natural areas and in urban areas. The spatial pattern of green frames has its roots in the practices of landscape architects and urban planners internationally since the second half of the nineteenth century. We start from the hypothesis that urban green fields are means of urban amenity. Three approaches have been mobilized: biographical, geo-historical and social representations. This thesis pays particular attention to the question of representations and social practices associated with "nature in the city": an entry mobilized to understand the methods of implementation of green networks in Marseille and Strasbourg
Amalric, Marion. "Les zones humides : appropriations et représentations : l'exemple du Nord-Pas de Calais". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012148.
Pełny tekst źródłaAraujo, Vieira de Andrade Terence Keller. "La mise en tourisme dans la Haute Amazonie brésilienne. Une approche géographique". Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030169.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis that we propose starts from the idea that questioning of the spatial dimension of tourism would be a way to understanding the transformations of the geographical places and societies that surround them. Concentrating the focus on the upper Brazilian Amazon, reveals us one of the most diversified, complex and attractive biome for the human curiosity, and which is also the region with the least touristic flows of Brazil. This paradox forces us to analyze this part of the globe for its specificities, but as it is also a part of a whole, we are led to adopt a systematic approach of the tourism. Our goal will be to analyze interactions between different actors of the upper Brazilian Amazon and it creates touristic places. Thus, two major questionings will be the guideline to follow throughout our reasoning. Firstly, how did the Amazonian places become touristic over the time? and secondly, how the actions of the actors stimulate the transformation of the Amazonian touristic places? This is the reason why we propose an empirical and pragmatic reading of the tourist phenomenon based on different geographical scales. Changing the distance and the angle of the observation will be the method used to confront the various representations of the actors around the tourism development. The multiple view on the intentions of the local populations, travelers' flows, as well as those led by the politics and economics actors, makes us think about the geographical specificities: the organization of an unstructured space, with lower population density, but with a strong presence of social and environmental resources and in the process of integration into a world tourist space
Dubois, Franck. "Approche des questions environnementales par les institutions européennes : 1949-2002". Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL037.
Pełny tekst źródłaApproaching the European construction from 1949 till 2002 within environmental questions wish to bring a new prism for complex systems understanding. The present work sustain an interactional analysis between stakeholders, administrations and citizens thoughts across society matters to observe mutation mechanisms. In a Historical study of the Twentieth Century common decision making tools, we will observe how European Institutions contribute strengthening its territory. From nature conservancy to an insurance of a sustainable development, via an environmental protection then biodiversity preservation, an approach of related concepts and their evolvement wants to show presuppositions and difficulties to explain clearly what kind of empowerment tool is become Europe. Because citizen and political fights escort the discovery of environmental matters. Because painless degradation of the European natural heritage brought conflicts between countries which had contracted peace. The natural and industrial disasters management, limitations of a productivist development "model", the increase of societal individualization, urban spread and research of support and membership will drive the European Community in building operational targets before the rise of an "Environmental Economy". Facing dissimilar perceptions and trade-off in taking into account environmental questions inside community agenda, European institutions asked to develop understanding tools able to support, to control and manage its patrimony. In its successive enlargements, European Community will encourage the preservation, the protection, the improvement of environmental quality and public health, a wise use of natural resources or even international promotion of standards designed to face-off regional and planetary biodiversity matters. The European Union is finally able to suggest to the U.N. members a practical Sustainable Development Strategy Scheme ready to implement
Florio, Sergio. "La protezione giuridica del paesaggio in Italia e in Francia". Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0080/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis expands on the status of legal protection of landscape in the two Countries. The Constitutional level of landscape preservation is older and specific in Italy, in France it is most recent and environment based in general. In regards to the ordinary legislation, beyond the Alps, we find a large number of institutions of preservation, differing according to the asset or the considered territory. There are overabundant administrative/urban instruments, that often provide only a formal protection and create some doubts. However, the preservation is high for some assets or areas, such as those in charge of the “Architectes des Bâtiments” or for the coastal areas. It is important the role of the administrative judge. On the contrary, in Italy, the fundamental tools (constrains, urban planning and permission) work for assets and protected territories in a generalized way. The planning has been little and badly implemented, while the permission has been used by the Regions with ease. However, the absolute right to the landscape presents itself in both Countries. In the conclusion, in regard to France, we advance, amongst other things, a specific system of legal permissions, the reduction of urban/environment documents, the introduction of more binding regulations and a specific scheduling. In regard to Italy, we think it appropriate to create a landscape planning, or better, to unify the landscape planning to the local urban one, creating a coordination, missing for the time being. In addition, we advance that authorization will be on State exclusive jurisdiction. The regulations could rise to the higher rank of ”Landscape State Property”, to be considered not as property regimen but as binding statute of priceless value and eminent domain assets for several respects
La tesi intende approfondire la protezione giudica del paesaggio nei due Paesi. Senza trascurare il contributo offerto da altre discipline nel corso degli anni.Non è un caso che in Francia il paesaggio è considerato un tema di studi a parte intera. Fondamentale prendere in considerazione il livello costituzionale di tutela, avanzato e specifico in Italia, recente e relativo all’ambiente in generale in Francia. Interessante anche il contributo della Convenzione europea del paesaggio di Firenze e le definizioni di paesaggio offerte da diverse discipline. Il paesaggio è proiettato verso la qualificazione di vero e proprio diritto, anche fondamentale. Il lavoro continua con lo studio analitico di numerosi istituti che connotano la protezione nei due paesi. La Francia si caratterizza per un sistema che potremmo definire binario, uno dedicato alla generalità dei territori e l’altro alle numerose zone particolarmente sensibili. L’Italia presenta invece una certa omogeneità di protezione per tutti i territori presi in considerazione. Nel corso della tesi si effettua una comparazione dei due sistemi, pur tenendo conto delle evidenti differenze. Nelle conclusioni si sottolineano punti di forza e di debolezza e si prospetta qualche ipotesi di miglioramento dei due sistemi giuridici
Saffour, Mouhamad-Hayan. "Présentation de documents d'urbanisme et de simulation paysagère en 3D : application à la région urbaine grenobloise". Paris 12, 2007. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002524970204611&vid=upec.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur research is integrated in a project document of communication in urban planning. This project aims at the creation of a game of regional development, applied here to the guidance plan of the Grenoble urban region which includes five sectors (agglomeration, Voironnais, Bievre, south and Gresivaudan). Since the end of 80's, this region has known an important mutation (high economical and demographical growth), particularly the Gresivaudan valley which was moulted in "little Silicon Valley". However, the area is highly vulnerable to floods' risks, in particular in the agglomeration and the valley of Gresivaudan, because of their strong urbanization and their geographical situation. We tried to develop a methodology, allowing an interactive 3D simulation. It offers the possibility to simulate the development of the project in its real environment to know its impact on the landscape. The landscape finds a new operational use in regional development, especially in the idea of conservation of the environment, with reference to the concept of sustainable development. The proposed methodology uses the GIS (Geographic Information Systems) combined with CAD systems and RV technology. Indeed, the use of these technologies allows realization of a new way of understanding the geographic information and to meet the needs of its users. The experiment of this instrument is carried out on Crolles city, in the Gresivaudan sector proposing two scenarios (densification and di-densification) which are the main elements of a method of forward-looking landscaped. They are based on the continuation of the tendencies of 1982 to 1999. Crolles is one of the most dynamic sectors of the Gresivaudan valley because of its economic and industrial evolution, particularly in the field of the nanotechnologies
Mayrand, Flavie. "Modélisation du fonctionnement hydrologique du sol et de la biodiversité des communautés végétales. Application à l'analyse de la performance écologique d'un aménagement paysager autoroutier". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00948342.
Pełny tekst źródłaEl, Moualy Sabine. "La nature en ville : comment les pratiques aménagistes s'adaptent en continu : étude à partir de cinq projets du Grand Ouest". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20005/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaEnvironnemental awarness brings urban design to become more sustainable. One argument is that nature is a garantee of urban quality, with recognition of the need to préserve a green frame in the city. This issue is crutial to current debates on urban planning and design practices. Five case studies located in western french cities should enable the reader to better understand the place of nature in design process. How do the care of nature interacts with projects trough stakeholders? And which « matériality » and spatialization are we looking for? The question is analysed from three standpoints. First, the historical approach of the projects introduce the method. Then, we examine the language in the project documentation and with stakeholders’ testimonies. Finally, each neighborhoods is whatched ont he ground. Thanks to lexicometry, discourse analysis and geomatics engineering this Phd demonstrate the variety of possible final projects even if stakeholders were sharing similar ambitions at the beginning of the planning process. Taking care of nature depends on many factors wich directly impact the quality of urban design and nature in our cities
De, Marco Rosa. "La construction du lieu à l'époque de l'Utopie véritable : le Pic du Midi de Bigorre : pour une connaissance sensible et faisable du lieu et du paysage". Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHESA121.
Pełny tekst źródłaNowadays, thanks to new technological instruments we can know about places and events without actually being there; consequently, the "questions of place and of landscape" become more and more important and necessary. This doctoral thesis aims at defining the notion of "place" and an appropriate methodology to conduct it. In the first part, a dialectical process explains the interdisciplinary status quaestionis about space, place and landscape. It leads to the "asymptotic definition" of place, based on the notions of multidimensional spaciality in which the human body has a central role. In the second part, this theoretical system is applied to a concrete case : the construction of the Pic-du-Midi de Bigorre in the last two centuries, before and after the astronomical observatory was built. This place is studied from various aspects-symbolic, measurable, sensitive, memorable-which makes up its spatitality
Azam, Clémentine. "Impacts of light pollution on bat spatiotemporal dynamics in France : implications for outdoor lighting planning". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0021.
Pełny tekst źródłaLight pollution induced by the widespread use of nighttime artificial lighting is a global change affecting substantial part of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. As a result, major concerns have been raised about its hidden impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Light pollution has major impacts on the circadian and seasonal cycles of organisms, and on their movements and spatial distributions. As a whole, light pollution likely disrupts the spatiotemporal dynamics of biological communities and ecosystems. In this context, the aim of this PhD was to characterize the impacts of nighttime artificial lighting on bat activity (order: chiroptera) at multiple spatial scales in order to propose reduction measures that can effectively limit the adverse impacts of light pollution on biodiversity. We used bats as model species as they are nocturnal and directly exposed to light pollution and they are considered to be good indicators of the response of biodiversity to anthropogenic pressure.We first intended to characterize the extent of effect of light pollution at a landscape scale relative to major land-use pressures that are threatening biodiversity worldwide. Using a French national-scale citizen science database, we found that landscape-scale level of light pollution negatively affected common bat species, and that this effect was significantly stronger than the effect of impervious surfaces but weaker than the effect of intensive agriculture. This highlighted the crucial need to account for outdoor lighting in land-use planning in order to restore darkness in human-inhabited landscapes.Thus, through an in situ experiment, we investigated whether i) restoring darkness in a landscape for a part of the night through part-night lighting schemes, or ii) restraining the spatial extent of lighting at the vicinity of natural elements were effective options to enhance dark ecological corridors in human-inhabited landscapes. We found that part-night lighting schemes were unlikely to effectively mitigate the impacts of artificial lighting on light-sensitive species. However, we revealed that streetlights should be separated from ecological corridors by at least 50 m, and that the light trespass should be lower than 0.1 lux to allow their effective use by light-sensitive species.Overall, this PhD thesis revealed the major importance of addressing light pollution issues at multiple spatial scales to characterize its impacts on biodiversity. It also exposed the crucial importance of integrating outdoor lighting in land-use planning strategies and proposed to implement ecological criteria in future European standards for outdoor lighting
Ducos, Jean-Pierre. "L’efficacité environnementale des documents d’urbanisme : les Schémas de Cohérence Territoriale : échelle nationale et locale : le cas du Maine-et-Loire". Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0036/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince the land guidance law of 1967 (loi d’orientation foncière), the documents on urban planning encountered deep modification : in 2000 with the law “Solidarité et Renouvellement Urbain”, in 2010 with the law “Grenelle 2”, in 2014 with the law “Accès au Logement et un Urbanisme Rénové”. Stenghtened in their integrating role, the “S.Co.T.” have become absolute documents of land settlement with assertive environmental goals. However, can this new environmental objective assigned to the “S.Co.T.” be really achieved? Reading local or several national S.Co.T., taken assample, shows that varied issues such as the fight against urban sprawl, biodiversity, landscape, water,climate imbalance are not always dealt deeply :complexity of coordinating the subjects, deficiency of prescriptive measures, lack of quantitative targets…But beyond the form, wouldn’t the environmental efficiency of the S.Co.T. depend above all on the will of the elected representatives who should be trained to the new environmental objectives of land settlement ?
Marchand, Pascal. "La Volga : aménagement et environnement". Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOL007.
Pełny tekst źródłaDevelopment and consequences on the river: the management changed the runoff and turned the river into a cascade of reservoirs. Erosion was modified as well as biotops. Men, in spite of several measures, couldn't control it. Consequences on the basin and implications : in the basin, the development had light climatical consequences but huge lateral consequences (it raised groundwater level, it allowed a catastrophical irrigation) and had generated very serious problems for Caspian fishes (especially sturgeous). Involvement of new economic sectors in Volga development had increased quantitative and qualitative contradictions. Since "glasnost", a very important environmental movement has appeared in Russia
Genovesio, Fabien. "Le Médoc : "entre environnement et aménagement"". Bordeaux 3, 2006. https://hal.science/tel-04049781v1.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe “Médoc” peninsula constitutes a particularly representative area to work out a reflection on the environment and land use planning. Currently, this area is under tourist activities pressure which affects its littoral part. However, it is also wedged and unbalanced because all its interior part is forsaken. Its estuarine wine producing frontage and its tourist littoral frontage are deprived of a harmonious economic development, coherent land use planning, and development schemes. The “Médoc” is thus presented as an area requiring attentions. The issue will have to be built around connexions and effects of land use planning and tourist development on the environment. So, starting from a regular follow-up of a reality ground and a total geographical consideration, tourism and its installations will be apprehended as a tool for enhancement and opening up of this area. Tourism also introduces a possible aspect of environment degradation, whereas, the latter stands as a fundamental asset of this area. That is why, to think about the environment and the development of this area is trying to provide the best tools to better manage the effects of tourist activities and planification. It is to argue and support assumptions reconciling tourism and environment, it is to redefine new basis of development, enhancement, organisation, and long term urban planning. The recent advent of the “Médoc”, the new regional perspectives concerning urban planning, environment and development require the support of thought and scientific approach. The aim of this issue is to contribute to the “Médoc” organisation and land use planning, the harmonization of tourist development and environment, and the area readjustment. In sum, the thesis wishes to bring the useful data to base a sustainable and coherent local development
Cormier, Laure. "Les Trames vertes : entre discours et matérialités, quelles réalités?" Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00640049.
Pełny tekst źródłaBélanger, Michelle. "Vers le paysage : photographie et aménagement des territoires miniers". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34173.
Pełny tekst źródłaThese past years, a change of attitude towards mining territories can be felt. Long seen as derelict or even ruined, those territories are now perceived as important historical witnesses and are, therefore, preserved as heritage landscapes. In 2012, for example, the Nord-Pas de Calais Mining Basin was included in the World Heritage List as an organically evolved cultural landscape. Having unique characteristics, mining landscapes are also requalified, in certain regions , as touristic attractions. They then become , just as natural landscapes are today, vectors of economic growth. The mine, harnessed for its natural ressources, is now assigned new values and, as well, new roles. Indeed, who would have thought that it would one day be managed and planned the same way beautiful landscapes are ? Conveying this new attitude towards mining sites , more and more photographers, from all backgrounds, represent them as landscapes. Artists , for example, showcase their wide range of shapes through esthetic images. With the advent of the digital era and online photography sharing, the amateur photographer , who is always searching for spectacular places to photograph , reclaims this type of representation. Disseminated on the web in an ever - increasing number, these photographies do not only attest of a new way of seeing mining territories as landscapes, but without a doubt also shape their perception. This research aims mainly at better understanding the spread of a new way of perceiving mining sites as landscapes . Since the photographic image stands as a witness and possibly as an actor of this phenomenon , it is used as the connecting piece to examine how mines can become landscapes. Focusign on the province of Quebec , this thesis analyses the practices through which mining sites are modeled and converted into landscapes, like patrimonialization, tourism development and nature restoration. These pratices, taking part in a process called empaysagement minier (mining landscaping), are then examined through photography and the landscape archetypes it produces. The photographic image quickly reveals itself as influencing not only the way we see mining sites, but it also seems to guide the way they are reappropriated and inhabited once they are perceived as landscapes . Therefore, photography and planning of mining territoires both reveal themselves as being more and more landscape oriented .
Gascon, Emilie. "Conception par l'opportunité pour des villes éco-résilientes aux inondations". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLD002/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn recognition of the limits of the possibilities of combating floods, a vision of “Living With” floods is developing. The aim is no longer to resist water, but to allow it into the territory and adapt. This strategic approach opens the way to a positive vision of flood risk, in which the opportunities associated with floods can be envisaged.In this context of “Living With”, this piece of research seeks to theorise and promote the emerging method of opportunity-based design as applied to flood eco-resilient cities. This thesis therefore examines how:1. the concept of opportunity constitutes an approach within the theoretical framework of flood eco-resilient cities;2. the opportunity-based approach constitutes a method of design and offers advantages, relevance and potential for the design of flood eco-resilient cities, in particular by comparison with the most common method of risk management.The purpose of this thesis research is to formalise the method of opportunity-based design through a representational tool—an observation grid— in order to facilitate the use and promotion of such design. In order to communicate on —but above all to exploit the results— of the method, a grid for the observation of the strategies associated with urban and landscape projects for opportunity-based design is investigated. This instrument, in particular aimed at architectural, urban and landscape designers, is developed by means of a semantic map. Semantic mapping is the methodological solution employed in this research. It is used to explore and connect the multiple data collected, and to organise them so that their complexity can be understood. The observation grid therefore maps the method employed and constitutes a tool for implementation in opportunity-based design.On the one hand, the results obtained from this research demonstrate, first, that the opportunity-based approach offers potential for design in response to the complexity of urban flood territories. Through diversity and proactiveness, it would seem to be relevant in achieving the balance between natural phenomena and human activities. On the other hand, the risk-based and opportunity-based approaches are different but complementary. What emerges from the mapping process is that the design of flood eco-resilient cities entails a balance between risk and opportunity.Second, these results show that opportunity-based design reflects a logic that generates virtuous cycles between landscape features (soil, vegetation, etc.) and fundamental flows (water, energy, waste, nutrients, etc.) for the production of socio‑eco-environmental benefits. The basis of its action is to reconnect cities with their territories by articulating, in a multifunctional, interdisciplinary and multitemporal way, the synergies between the physical elements of urban territory. It is particularly relevant in that it formulates a new, balanced relationship between human and hydro-ecological systems and offers the potential for a new societal perspective.To sum up, the first important conclusion is that semantic mapping is an effective research tool in that it facilitates the handling and analysis of complex data. The second is that the method theorised, together with the observation grid developed, constitute a change in flood-related design practices. And finally, this thesis establishes a refined theoretical and practical starting point for challenging the risk management paradigm and pursuing further research into flood eco-resilient cities and into “Living With” floods
Kadiri, Kaouakib Khadija. "Environnement et aménagement urbain : Problématique d'une approche marocaine". Nice, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NICE0041.
Pełny tekst źródłaBanzo, Mayté. "L'espace ouvert pour une nouvelle urbanité". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618968.
Pełny tekst źródłaFranchomme, Magalie. "Du cadastre napoléonien à la trame verte, le devenir des petites zones humides périurbaines en région Nord-Pas-de-Calais". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10064/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe literature on wetlands mostly concems a limited number of "emblematic" natural spaces and neglects the exIstence of a large number of small wetlands, which are rarely mentioned when not outnght forgotten. The needs of the regionnal planning in. the urbanized regions modify appreciably the outlook of land planners on the latter areas, because they become the support of projects which fit ·within the framework of the Sustanable. development..This situation calls for a renewal of classic approaches and analytical tools such as used in the context of The national research Programme into wetlands. Throug the examples of the Guines marsh, the Sensée valleys and the Haute Deûle (Nord-Pas de Calais), the point is less to characterise and circumscribe wetlands, and to understand how they work than to define and examine the human interventions, past and present and their efIects on spaces and landscapes. Research was therefore articulated around two main investigations ::- the first is a histoncal study of the successive states of the landscape and of the relationships between society and Its environment. The approach consIsted in reconstructmg past land covers from archivaI documents and aerial photographs, - the second is a study of what is currently at stake in wetlands and how they are being appropriated by local and regional public policies. Those marshes used to be charactenzed, until recent time, by contradictory evolutions, their present integration into the regional urban landscape is gradually erasing their differences and could compromise their future as natural spaces ln the long run, what is the possIble evolution of these sururban wetlands ?
Azam, Clémentine. "Impacts of light pollution on bat spatiotemporal dynamics in France : implications for outdoor lighting planning". Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0021/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaLight pollution induced by the widespread use of nighttime artificial lighting is a global change affecting substantial part of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. As a result, major concerns have been raised about its hidden impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Light pollution has major impacts on the circadian and seasonal cycles of organisms, and on their movements and spatial distributions. As a whole, light pollution likely disrupts the spatiotemporal dynamics of biological communities and ecosystems. In this context, the aim of this PhD was to characterize the impacts of nighttime artificial lighting on bat activity (order: chiroptera) at multiple spatial scales in order to propose reduction measures that can effectively limit the adverse impacts of light pollution on biodiversity. We used bats as model species as they are nocturnal and directly exposed to light pollution and they are considered to be good indicators of the response of biodiversity to anthropogenic pressure.We first intended to characterize the extent of effect of light pollution at a landscape scale relative to major land-use pressures that are threatening biodiversity worldwide. Using a French national-scale citizen science database, we found that landscape-scale level of light pollution negatively affected common bat species, and that this effect was significantly stronger than the effect of impervious surfaces but weaker than the effect of intensive agriculture. This highlighted the crucial need to account for outdoor lighting in land-use planning in order to restore darkness in human-inhabited landscapes.Thus, through an in situ experiment, we investigated whether i) restoring darkness in a landscape for a part of the night through part-night lighting schemes, or ii) restraining the spatial extent of lighting at the vicinity of natural elements were effective options to enhance dark ecological corridors in human-inhabited landscapes. We found that part-night lighting schemes were unlikely to effectively mitigate the impacts of artificial lighting on light-sensitive species. However, we revealed that streetlights should be separated from ecological corridors by at least 50 m, and that the light trespass should be lower than 0.1 lux to allow their effective use by light-sensitive species.Overall, this PhD thesis revealed the major importance of addressing light pollution issues at multiple spatial scales to characterize its impacts on biodiversity. It also exposed the crucial importance of integrating outdoor lighting in land-use planning strategies and proposed to implement ecological criteria in future European standards for outdoor lighting
Desveaux, Gentiane. "Démarches paysagères participatives : hybrider les logiques paysagères et territoriales pour appuyer la territorialisation : une enquête pragmatique sur les transformations institutionnelles et sociales dans les Parcs Naturels Régionaux de Rhône-Alpes". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH012.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with landscape innovation within and by the Regional Natural Parks in the Rhône-Alpes region (France). Landscape is captured as a materiality under construction negotiated along interaction processes between individuals engaged in distinct action logics. The research underlines how Regional Natural Parks’ staff invent imaginative ways to hybridize two of these action regimes (a territorial logic and a landscape one) using participatory landscape procedures. This dynamic tends to favor the territorial anchorage of the new groupings of municipalities. The originality of the thesis emerges from the adopted pragmatic posture: participatory landscape procedures are analyzed along with their own experimentation. They take on the form of an inquiry as defined by Jown Dewey, transforming worlds as well as investigators at the same time
Perrotti, Daniela. "Paysage-Infrastructure ou de la dimension infrastructurelle du paysage : de l’historique de notion de paysage infrastructurel à la démarche paysagère Landscape (as) Infrastructure, vers l'élaboration de l'approche opérationnelle paysage-infrastructure pour l'aménagement des dynamiques de transformation dans un contexte rural contemporain". Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1168.
Pełny tekst źródłaTaking as a starting point on the one hand the consideration of the landscape as a "visible constellation" and a "network of material and immaterial connections" between a range of heterogeneous elements, and, on the other hand, the etymological meaning of the word infrastructure as a "support device" for the economic, socio-cultural and ecological activities of a community, this study is grounded on the interaction between the speculative approach of aesthetic-philosophical disciplines and the Landscape Urbanism operational stratedy (...)
GRUPPOSO, MARIE CATHERINE. "L'emergence de la notion d'amenagement paysager, en france, dans les annees 60. Etude de la filiere decisionnelle". Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070047.
Pełny tekst źródłaAt the end of the sixties, as a reaction against the architecture of the "chemin de grue" which lead to the large urban habitational units, the valorization of collective spaces and the restitution of an habitat at a human scale and of a urban continuity have became an urbanistic concern. The renewal is a consequence of the power given to architects and artists in urban design ; this has been possible thanks to the insertion of these profesionals in the decisional channel of managing of a new politic of national spatial planning. This politic pushed forward by general de gaulle, was based on the objective of making the french economy competitive in the common marquet. At the center of this politic, the planification has been used to facilitate industrial decentralisation and entreprises restructuration by creating, at the regional level, a hierarchic system of towns corresponding to the services and activities proposed by each one and interconnected by well developed communication systems. In order to materialize this territorial organisation, an interministerial committee was created in 1959 : the "ciat", which makes a specific decisional channel directed by high ranking civil servants having interministerial fonctions. For the parisian region, the first region to be organized, this channel is structured in a central administration (the "district"), some technical organisms (the "laurp" for the conception of the regional planning program and the "aptrp" for the obtention of private parcels without previous consultation of local deputes) and an administration of the mission for local organization (the "mea"). This last structure has developed a strategy completely oriented towards the overall control of the building policy by transformation of collective spaces (streets, green spaces, diverse interstitial spaces, etc) in structural components of the urban space, by their valorisation, in particular thanks to the chromo-landscape technique
Barat, Claire. "Sinope dans son environnement pontique". Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30068.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe city of Sinope lies on the Southern Black Sea Coast. This work’s aim is to show the influence of the city during the Antiquity, trough litterary, numistatic, epigraphic, archaeologic and amphorologic sources. The first part is a presentation of Sinope through travellers’accounts (XVIIth-XIXth Centuries) and archaeaological excavations in modern Sinop and its territory in the XXth Century. The second part is about the political history of Sinope, from its foundation in the VIIth Century B. C. To the Roman times. In Classical period, Sinope was a subject of the Persian Empire, but was also, from times to times, quite independent, when the central power was too weak. Thanks to its peripherical position, it escaped Alexander’s conquests and became independent and wealthy in the Hellenistic period. In 183, it was conquered by Pharnaces of Pontus, and became later the capital of the Pontic Kingdom. Its conquest was particularly important during the Mithridatic wars : it was taken by Lucullus in 70 and became a Cesarian colony in 45 B. C. In Roman period, thanks to the epigraphic documentation, it is possible to study the municipal life of Sinope. The third part is about the extension of Sinope. Through the study of the natural ressources, the circulation of coins, men and amphoras, it is possible to determine this extension. The last chapter is about the cults in Sinope and shows that they were particularly original in the Roman period (Sarapis’cult)
Vuillod, Patricia. "Paysage visible et aménagement : modélisations cartographiques et test sur le Haut-Jura". Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA1016.
Pełny tekst źródłaBéringuier, Philippe. "De l'usage du paysage : méthodologies et pratiques pour des projets d'aménagement paysager différenciés". Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20060.
Pełny tekst źródłaLandscape investigation connected to areas planning has been our main purpose. Landscape is understood as a specific place reading and guides to a renewal planning of life environnement. So we settled a landscape system that bind a methodologic guide and two factors : ground and planning finality. The methodologic guide is build firstly by six work principles corresponding to reading and analysis tools, then by approaching study to action in three times. Landscape evaluation, step numbre two, is an essential preliminary to every planning project. Howxever, it's worth it to discern several levels in landscape investigations and plannign procedure regarding the project scale and his aim. So three achieved approaches - audit, monography, sopt study - correspond to a methodologic guide adjustment in order to fit to landscapes diversity, and allow methodologicals transpositions. Their application to three different landscape : a city avenue in toulouse, a small town between country and town, l'isle-jourdain, and a country middle mountain, les baronnies de bigorre, allows to manage the study and works out differents and complementaries planning projects. These approaches proceed from a permanent go and move between general and singular
Fortier, Kriegel Anne. "Le paysage dans l'espace français". Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0116.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis has been built arround a meaning of the landscape. The landscape was never a stable reality, it is a transformation marked by the voluntary action of the men of yesterday and today. It is a large open book which reveals the history of human work, arranging, in support of the culture of life, a geography to live there. This major search of the history of the living environment makes it possible to invent the future. Traditionally in France, the territory of life is attached to the "commune", as a soil of practices, of experiments, piece of society, a republican space which interests all the citizens. This symbolic reference recalls that the treatment of the projects on all scales must be necessarily relayed by communities, because the landscape is work of collective intelligence, and its future can be organized only by democratic practice. Established like space, it is the voyage, the meeting carried out in the form of investigation through the areas which constitute the experimental corpus of the work of the thesis. Space makes it possible to represent the landscape and to lead to a useful synthesis to repair it, organize it and transform it. The representation nourishes crossing of multiple references, intuitions and dialogues. The method "quartenaire" developed is that of the comprehension of the project. It presents a value at teaching character. Attached to reality, the real world by confrontation with the ground and to alive by the drawing, ordered glance which opens the doors of imaginary, it leads by comprehension related to the meeting of the others on the expression of a right metaphor. By finding the share of the dream, it nourishes the creation of the expert and involves the adhesion of all. If one whishes to release from the elements founders for a harmonious landscape, it is advisable to affirm a vision of modernity, in courtesy with the site, indifferent to the warlike tendencies of the moment, that of an autonomous genius. Same manner, it is necessary to call upon the creative intuition to tfight the banality afflicting with an installation regulated by technical and legal standards. This request for a found collective intelligence poses the reconstitution of a thought share between the various disciplines, to develop together pedagogy, the council and the capacity to represent the landscape with an authentic participation of the inhabitants
Legrand, Marine. "La mise en ordre écologique des parcs urbains : savoirs, pratiques et paysages : exemple d'un grand parc francilien". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2015MNHN0008.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn France, local public authorities have taken a growing interest in ecological landscape management of urban parks and gardens since the 1980’s. It results in the emergence of a new landscape model that embodies the encounter between two tendencies in urban territories. First, the growing influence of biological sciences on urban planning through the “urban ecology” political horizon. Second, the enlargement of nature conservation policies, that starts to include ordinary nature and urban biodiversity. The aim of this PhD was to analyse the relations between local practices, knowledge construction and landscape production, implied by the attempt of a local public authority to reconcile urban leisure and biodiversity conservation in the same place without segregation. This work was based on an ethnographic study in the Seine-Saint-Denis district near Paris, where a local model was created to express this idea, the “harmonious management” model. It emerged after a conflict about the preservation of a marsh in a large park built in the 1960’s. Today the 400 ha of the park welcome more than 2 million visitors per year. The fact that the park shelters rare birds and amphibian species, pointed at local associations, has led to the integration of this place to a Natura 2000 site. The park history is closely linked to the influence of the hygienist ideology on the urbanisation of Paris region. In contrast with this history, the redefinition of the environmental public action is associated to the implication of local public authorities in considering biodiversity as a management objective. It leads to the creation a new institutional landscape model, which management is at the confluence between horticulture and ecosystem restoration. This redefinition goes along with the reconfiguration of knowledge and practices legitimacies, where scientific approaches gain influence. The rationalisation of public action toward biodiversity conservation also goes along with the production of new constraints for city-dweller practices, and surveillance devices, which are nonetheless never complete