Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Amazon rainforest”

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1

Boulton, Chris A., Timothy M. Lenton i Niklas Boers. "Pronounced loss of Amazon rainforest resilience since the early 2000s". Nature Climate Change 12, nr 3 (marzec 2022): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01287-8.

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AbstractThe resilience of the Amazon rainforest to climate and land-use change is crucial for biodiversity, regional climate and the global carbon cycle. Deforestation and climate change, via increasing dry-season length and drought frequency, may already have pushed the Amazon close to a critical threshold of rainforest dieback. Here, we quantify changes of Amazon resilience by applying established indicators (for example, measuring lag-1 autocorrelation) to remotely sensed vegetation data with a focus on vegetation optical depth (1991–2016). We find that more than three-quarters of the Amazon rainforest has been losing resilience since the early 2000s, consistent with the approach to a critical transition. Resilience is being lost faster in regions with less rainfall and in parts of the rainforest that are closer to human activity. We provide direct empirical evidence that the Amazon rainforest is losing resilience, risking dieback with profound implications for biodiversity, carbon storage and climate change at a global scale.
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Moutinho, Sofia. "Amazon delivery". Science 374, nr 6575 (24.12.2021): 1550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.acz9858.

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Vieira, Patrícia. "Utopian amazons". Revista da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais 24, nr 1 e 2 (3.05.2018): 98–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/2316-770x.2017.12603.

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This article discusses the portrayal of the mythical Amazons. In the past, the legend of a fearsome all-women tribe went hand in hand with a dystopian vision of the territory as a “green hell.” I contend that, with the development of the Amazon region in the wake of the rubber boom and, especially, with the rise of environmental concerns, the Amazons become part of an idealized image of the rainforest. I analyze two modes of utopian representation of the Amazons: Gastão Cruls’s depiction of a lost tribe of women in the novel The Mysterious Amazon (1925); and Abguar Bastos’s vision of the promised land of the Amazons in The Amazon Nobody Knows About (1929).
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Somavilla, Alexandre, Raimundo Nonato Martins de Moraes Junior i José Albertino Rafael. "Is the social wasp fauna in the tree canopy different from the understory? Study of a particular area in the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest". Sociobiology 66, nr 1 (25.04.2019): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v66i1.3568.

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Most studies about the insect community in rainforests only focus on the forest understory, and even though the rainforest canopy is one of the most fascinating and diverse environments, it remains poorly explored. Therefore, we analyzed the difference between the social wasp composition in these two strata at the ZF-2 Station in the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, using flight interception traps (Malaise model Gressi and Gressi), in the rainforest understory and canopy. We collected ninety-two species belonging to 18 genera; Polybia was the richest genera (22 species), followed by Mischocyttarus (14) and Agelaia (13). Forty-four species were exclusively collected in the understory, twenty exclusively collected in the canopy, and twenty-eight in both strata. The understory was distinctly more diverse and more abundant than the canopy, while some rare or poorly collected species were only found in the canopy. We found a strong relationship between the species composition at the ZF-2 Station and the Ducke Reserve. Therefore, we suggest using traps in canopy in the Amazon biome as an effective method for collecting a higher diversity of social wasps.
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Kauppinen, Tomi, Giovana Mira de Espindola, Jim Jones, Alber Sánchez, Benedikt Gräler i Thomas Bartoschek. "Linked Brazilian Amazon Rainforest Data". Semantic Web 5, nr 2 (2014): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sw-130113.

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dos Santos, Klaus Morales, i Tulio Vinicius de Oliveira Campos. "Amazon rainforest: biodiversity and biopiracy". BMJ 331, Suppl S4 (1.10.2005): 0510386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.0510386.

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Castro, Elizarégia Reis de. "Amazon rainforest, people and biodiversity". RCMOS - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar O Saber 3, nr 1 (19.01.2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.51473/ed.al.v3i1.499.

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This study aims to verify the reality of the riverside community in the Amazon rainforest, as well as to characterizethe scientifi c production on the populations of the waters in Brazilian territory; Characterize the profi leof families residing in the traditional riverside community. As a methodology, bibliographical research anddata from public documents were used. It was concluded that the diffi culty of accessibility for the riversidepopulation has as main variables that infl uence this issue, the geography of the place, usually due to locationsfar from urban centers or diffi cult access to the community, which is often only possible by the river.
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de Almeida, Rafael Felipe, i Cássio van den Berg. "Biogeography of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) and a Meta-Analysis of Vascular Plant Lineages Diversified in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforests Point to the Late Eocene Origins of This Megadiverse Biome". Plants 9, nr 11 (13.11.2020): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111569.

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We investigated the biogeography of Stigmaphyllon, the second-largest lianescent genus of Malpighiaceae, as a model genus to reconstruct the age and biogeographic history of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest (BAF). Few studies to date have focused on the tertiary diversification of plant lineages in the BAFs, especially on Stigmaphyllon. Phylogenetic relationships for 24 species of Stigmaphyllon (18 ssp. From the Atlantic forest (out of 31 spp.), three spp. from the Amazon Rainforest, two spp. from the Caatinga biome, and a single species from the Cerrado biome) were inferred based on one nuclear DNA (PHYC) and two ribosomal DNA (ETS, ITS) regions using parsimony and Bayesian methods. A time-calibrated phylogenetic tree for ancestral area reconstructions was additionally generated, coupled with a meta-analysis of vascular plant lineages diversified in the BAFs. Our results show that: (1) Stigmaphyllon is monophyletic, but its subgenera are paraphyletic; (2) the most recent common ancestor of Stigmaphyllon originated in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest/Caatinga region in Northeastern Brazil ca. 26.0 Mya; (3) the genus colonized the Amazon Rainforest at two different times (ca. 22.0 and 6.0 Mya), the Caatinga biome at least four other times (ca. 14.0, 9.0, 7.0, and 1.0 Mya), the Cerrado biome a single time (ca. 15.0 Mya), and the Southern Atlantic Rainforests five times (from 26.0 to 9.0 Mya); (4) a history of at least seven expansion events connecting the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest to other biomes from 26.0 to 9.0 Mya, and (5) a single dispersion event from South America to Southeastern Asia and Oceania at 22.0 Mya via Antarctica was proposed. Compared to a meta-analysis of time-calibrated phylogenies for 64 lineages of vascular plants diversified in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforests, our results point to a late Eocene origin for this megadiverse biome.
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Carneiro, Rayonil Gomes, Marcos Antonio Lima Moura, Vicente De Paulo Rodrigues Da Silva, Camilla Kassar Borges i Gilberto Fisch. "Characterization of the Soil Temperature Using Wavelets in two Forest Biomes: Amazonas and Atlantic Florets". Journal of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing 9, nr 4 (26.12.2019): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.29150/jhrs.v9.4.p217-227.

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This study aimed to evaluate and compare the seasonal and spatial profiles of soil temperature (ST) in the biomes of the Amazon Forest and Atlantic Forest, using the wavelet transform. In the Amazon rainforest were used the data from the year 2009. In the Atlantic Forest used up to year 2010 data. The results showed that the ST in the Amazon rainforest shows little variation in time with temperature range below 5 ° C. In the rainforest, this exhibited high thermal amplitude throughout the year, more than 10 ° C. The wavelet transform showed that the variability of ST is defined by multi-scale time: 24 hours for both biomass, 8 to 16 days for Amazon and 4 to 16 days to Atlantic forest.
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Xu, Jiaqi, Qinglin Zeng i Ziheng Zhang. "The Relationship between Amazon Rainforest Deforestation and Economic Development". Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 5 (16.02.2023): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v5i.5085.

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The Amazon rainforest is the largest and most species-rich tropical rainforest on Earth. It not only absorbs carbon dioxide, but also produces oxygen. It produces 10% of the oxygen supply every year. When people destroy rainforest, it not only affects the economy, but also the species. For example, some animals used to live on the edge of the forest, but now the trees on the edge have been cut down and can only live deeper, but there are many ferocious animals living in it, which may kill them or even cause species extinction, so the biological system is affected by Seriously disrupted, the cycle of the animal food chain could become disjointed. Therefore, how to protect the economy from damage while protecting the rainforest has become a hot topic. Since the damage from the destruction of the rainforest is most evident in Brazil, it deserves more attention. This article will provide an in-depth understanding of the relationship between rainforest and the economy from a number of different perspectives, as well as social, personal and governmental recommendations for improved rainforest maintenance.
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11

Venkataraman, Vivek V., Andrew K. Yegian, Ian J. Wallace, Nicholas B. Holowka, Ivan Tacey, Michael Gurven i Thomas S. Kraft. "Locomotor constraints favour the evolution of the human pygmy phenotype in tropical rainforests". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, nr 1890 (7.11.2018): 20181492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1492.

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The convergent evolution of the human pygmy phenotype in tropical rainforests is widely assumed to reflect adaptation in response to the distinct ecological challenges of this habitat (e.g. high levels of heat and humidity, high pathogen load, low food availability, and dense forest structure), yet few precise adaptive benefits of this phenotype have been proposed. Here, we describe and test a biomechanical model of how the rainforest environment can alter gait kinematics such that short stature is advantageous in dense habitats. We hypothesized that environmental constraints on step length in rainforests alter walking mechanics such that taller individuals are expected to walk more slowly due to their inability to achieve preferred step lengths in the rainforest. We tested predictions from this model with experimental field data from two short-statured populations that regularly forage in the rainforest: the Batek of Peninsular Malaysia and the Tsimane of the Bolivian Amazon. In accordance with model expectations, we found stature-dependent constraints on step length in the rainforest and concomitant reductions in walking speed that are expected to compromise foraging efficiency. These results provide the first evidence that the human pygmy phenotype is beneficial in terms of locomotor performance and highlight the value of applying laboratory-derived biomechanical models to field settings for testing evolutionary hypotheses.
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12

Orellana, Claudia. "Rainfall Patterns Changing in Amazon Rainforest". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2, nr 6 (sierpień 2004): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3868397.

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13

Liu, Yingjun, Joel Brito, Matthew R. Dorris, Jean C. Rivera-Rios, Roger Seco, Kelvin H. Bates, Paulo Artaxo i in. "Isoprene photochemistry over the Amazon rainforest". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, nr 22 (16.05.2016): 6125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1524136113.

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Isoprene photooxidation is a major driver of atmospheric chemistry over forested regions. Isoprene reacts with hydroxyl radicals (OH) and molecular oxygen to produce isoprene peroxy radicals (ISOPOO). These radicals can react with hydroperoxyl radicals (HO2) to dominantly produce hydroxyhydroperoxides (ISOPOOH). They can also react with nitric oxide (NO) to largely produce methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein (MACR). Unimolecular isomerization and bimolecular reactions with organic peroxy radicals are also possible. There is uncertainty about the relative importance of each of these pathways in the atmosphere and possible changes because of anthropogenic pollution. Herein, measurements of ISOPOOH and MVK + MACR concentrations are reported over the central region of the Amazon basin during the wet season. The research site, downwind of an urban region, intercepted both background and polluted air masses during the GoAmazon2014/5 Experiment. Under background conditions, the confidence interval for the ratio of the ISOPOOH concentration to that of MVK + MACR spanned 0.4–0.6. This result implies a ratio of the reaction rate of ISOPOO with HO2 to that with NO of approximately unity. A value of unity is significantly smaller than simulated at present by global chemical transport models for this important, nominally low-NO, forested region of Earth. Under polluted conditions, when the concentrations of reactive nitrogen compounds were high (>1 ppb), ISOPOOH concentrations dropped below the instrumental detection limit (<60 ppt). This abrupt shift in isoprene photooxidation, sparked by human activities, speaks to ongoing and possible future changes in the photochemistry active over the Amazon rainforest.
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14

Phillips, O. L., L. E. O. C. Aragao, S. L. Lewis, J. B. Fisher, J. Lloyd, G. Lopez-Gonzalez, Y. Malhi i in. "Drought Sensitivity of the Amazon Rainforest". Science 323, nr 5919 (6.03.2009): 1344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1164033.

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15

Buynova, Kristina. "“Dr Zhivago” in the Amazon rainforest". Latinskaia Amerika, nr 11 (2022): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044748x0022868-3.

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The author of the article makes an attempt to verify the veracity of the story set out by Yevgeny Yevtushenko in his poem &quot;Dora Franco&quot;. It is about a copy of Doctor Zhivago, which the poet discovered in a small library in the town of Leticia in the Amazon part of Colombia in 1968. The book bore an inscription of the soviet writer Sergei Smirnov. This fact is remarkable not only because Doctor Zhivago was still banned in the USSR, but also because in 1958 it was Smirnov who chaired the meeting of writers which expelled Pasternak from the Writers&apos; Union. Archival searches, analysis of contemporaries&apos; testimony, as well as interaction with a colleague from the Amazonas department made it possible to discover that Sergei Smirnov had indeed visited Leticia several months before Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Together with the translator he attended the same places, performed in the same House of Culture and interacted with the same people (e.g. the famous animal trapper Mike Tsalickis). During this trip to Colombia in 1967 Smirnov often had to answer uncomfortable questions about Pasternak. Nine years after the Pasternak affair, it is clear from newspaper articles that not a trace of aggression remains in the words of the chairman of the &quot;trial&quot;, while ego-documents by their contemporaries suggest that Sergei Smirnov regretted the role he had assumed in 1958 for the rest of his life. The research also established that there may have been only one library in Leticia before the 1980s — the House of Culture, which both Smirnov and Yevtushenko mention in their travel reports. Both indirectly confirm that there were no Russian books in it. We couldn&apos;t find out whether Doctor Zhivago was the only exception, i.e. was already on the bookshelf, or whether it was brought by Smirnov and the translator N. Bulgakova. However, we were able to confirm that it was a Spanish translation of the book. Since the very book itself has never been found, we cannot unequivocally assert that the inscription of the penitent Smirnov in Pasternak&apos;s book is not a figment of Yevgeny Yevtushenko&apos;s fiction; however, our research allows us to think that this story did take place.
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Zappi, Daniela C., Fabiana L. Ranzato Filardi, Paula Leitman, Vinícius C. Souza, Bruno M. T. Walter, José R. Pirani, Marli P. Morim i in. "Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil". Rodriguésia 66, nr 4 (2015): 1085–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411.

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Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
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Bauer, Luise, Nikolai Knapp i Rico Fischer. "Mapping Amazon Forest Productivity by Fusing GEDI Lidar Waveforms with an Individual-Based Forest Model". Remote Sensing 13, nr 22 (11.11.2021): 4540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13224540.

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The Amazon rainforest plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, due to its structural complexity, current estimates of its carbon dynamics are very imprecise. The aim of this study was to determine the forest productivity and carbon balance of the Amazon, particularly considering the role of canopy height complexity. Recent satellite missions have measured canopy height variability in great detail over large areas. Forest models are able to transform these measurements into carbon dynamics. For this purpose, about 110 million lidar waveforms from NASA’s GEDI mission (footprint diameters of ~25 m each) were analyzed over the entire Amazon ecoregion and then integrated into the forest model FORMIND. With this model–data fusion, we found that the total gross primary productivity (GPP) of the Amazon rainforest was 11.4 Pg C a−1 (average: 21.1 Mg C ha−1 a−1) with lowest values in the Arc of Deforestation region. For old-growth forests, the GPP varied between 15 and 45 Mg C ha−1 a−1. At the same time, we found a correlation between the canopy height complexity and GPP of old-growth forests. Forest productivity was found to be higher (between 25 and 45 Mg C ha−1 a−1) when canopy height complexity was low and lower (10–25 Mg C ha−1 a−1) when canopy height complexity was high. Furthermore, the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of the Amazon rainforest was determined. The total carbon balance of the Amazon ecoregion was found to be −0.1 Pg C a−1, with the highest values in the Amazon Basin between both the Rio Negro and Solimões rivers. This model–data fusion reassessed the carbon uptake of the Amazon rainforest based on the latest canopy structure measurements provided by the GEDI mission in combination with a forest model and found a neutral carbon balance. This knowledge may be critical for the determination of global carbon emission limits to mitigate global warming.
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Dominguez, David, Javier Barriuso Pastor, Odette Pantoja-Díaz i Mario González-Rodríguez. "Forecasting Worldwide Temperature from Amazon Rainforest Deforestation Using a Long-Short Term Memory Model". Sustainability 15, nr 20 (23.10.2023): 15152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152015152.

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Biosphere–atmosphere interactions are a critical component of the Earth’s climate system. Many of these interactions are currently contributing to temperature increases and accelerating global warming. One of the main factors responsible for this is land use and land cover changes; in particular, this work models the interaction between Amazon rainforest deforestation and global temperatures. A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network is proposed to forecast temperature trends, including mean, average minimum, and average maximum temperatures, in 20 major cities worldwide. The Amazon rainforest, often referred to as the Earth’s “lungs”, plays a pivotal role in regulating global climate patterns. Over the past two decades, this region has experienced significant deforestation, largely due to human activities. We hypothesize that the extent of deforestation in the Amazon can serve as a valuable proxy for understanding and predicting temperature changes in distant urban centers. Using a dataset that tracks cumulative deforestation from 2001 to 2021 across 297 municipalities in the Amazon rainforest, a multivariate time series model was developed to forecast temperature trends worldwide up to 2030. The input data reveal a variety of behaviors, including complex deforestation patterns. Similarly, the forecasted temperature data showcases diverse trends. While some cities are expected to exhibit a steady temperature increase, others may experience gradual changes, while some cities may undergo drastic and rapid temperature shifts. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the far-reaching impacts of deforestation on global climate patterns and underscore the importance of preserving vital ecosystems like the Amazon rainforest.
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Laurance, William F. "Thomas E. Lovejoy (1941–2021)". Science 375, nr 6581 (11.02.2022): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abo1787.

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Sousa, Ana F. A., Alexsandra C. Nascimento, Marcelo Tavares i Daniell R. R. Fernandes. "New records of Pelecinus polyturator (Drury) (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea: Pelecinidae) for Brazil". REVISTA CHILENA DE ENTOMOLOGÍA 46, nr 4 (23.08.2020): 739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35249/rche.46.4.20.20.

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Species of Pelecinidae are very uncommonly collected in Brazil, despite they are one of the largest and most remarkable species of Hymenoptera. Here in, we report new records of Pelecinus polyturator (Drury, 1773) for Acre, Maranhão (Amazon rainforest) and Espírito Santo (Atlantic rainforest).
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Woolston, Chris. "Unpicking the rhythms of the Amazon rainforest". Nature 591, nr 7850 (15.03.2021): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-00664-1.

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de Moura, Emanoel, Jose Araujo, Paulo Monroe, Ivaneide Nascimento i Alana Aguiar. "Patents on Periphery of the Amazon Rainforest". Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculturee 1, nr 2 (1.06.2009): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212798410901020142.

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de Moura, Emanoel G., Jose R. G. Araujo, Paulo H. M. Monroe, Ivaneide de O. Nascimento i Alana C. F. Aguiar. "Patents on Periphery of the Amazon Rainforest". Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture 1, nr 2 (9.01.2010): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876142910901020142.

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Vaughan, Adam. "Amazon rainforest nears tipping point to savannah". New Scientist 253, nr 3377 (marzec 2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(22)00411-0.

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Grossman, D. "Amazon rainforest to get a growth check". Science 352, nr 6286 (5.05.2016): 635–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.352.6286.635.

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Kono, Janio, Mario Quintino, Bernardo Rudorff i Himilcon Carvalho. "The amazon rainforest monitoring satellite- SSR-1". Acta Astronautica 52, nr 9-12 (maj 2003): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-5765(03)00040-7.

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Andrade, Midiä B., George V. Silva, Valter C. Neto, André P. Almeida, Felicien G. Vasquez, Ligia H. Freitas, Gabriel R. Di Tommaso i in. "Sa1075 Hepatitis C in the Amazon Rainforest". Gastroenterology 144, nr 5 (maj 2013): S—990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(13)63673-2.

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Ji, Junchao, Weipeng Jing, Guangsheng Chen, Jingbo Lin i Houbing Song. "Multi-Label Remote Sensing Image Classification with Latent Semantic Dependencies". Remote Sensing 12, nr 7 (31.03.2020): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12071110.

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Deforestation in the Amazon rainforest results in reduced biodiversity, habitat loss, climate change, and other destructive impacts. Hence obtaining location information on human activities is essential for scientists and governments working to protect the Amazon rainforest. We propose a novel remote sensing image classification framework that provides us with the key data needed to more effectively manage deforestation and its consequences. We introduce the attention module to separate the features which are extracted from CNN(Convolutional Neural Network) by channel, then further send the separated features to the LSTM(Long-Short Term Memory) network to predict labels sequentially. Moreover, we propose a loss function by calculating the co-occurrence matrix of all labels in the dataset and assigning different weights to each label. Experimental results on the satellite image dataset of the Amazon rainforest show that our model obtains a better F 2 score compared to other methods, which indicates that our model is effective in utilizing label dependencies to improve the performance of multi-label image classification.
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MOURA, LAISSE, i FÁBIO B. QUINTEIRO. "Diversity of Leptoceroidea (Insecta: Trichoptera) in Pará State, Brazil: A new species of Oecetis McLachlan 1877 and new records". Zootaxa 5361, nr 4 (3.11.2023): 555–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5361.4.5.

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The order Trichoptera contains approximately 17,250 described species and their individuals are important freshwater environment components, frequently used as bioindicators of environmental quality. Despite recent advances in the knowledge of caddisflies in the Neotropical region, there are gaps to be filled, especially in critically endangered biomes, such as the Amazon rainforest, which has its largest area in the North Region of Brazil. In this region of Brazil, the state of Pará presents a promising scenario for biodiversity studies, since a great portion of its area is covered by the Amazon rainforest and distinct environments (e.g., mangroves and rainforest). Knowledge about Trichoptera in the state includes 97 species records, 12 of them belonging to Leptoceroidea. To improve knowledge regarding the Amazon fauna, we record nine species of Leptoceroidea for the first time in Pará State: Marilia alata, Nectopsyche muhni, Nectopsyche multilineata, Oecetis bidigitata, Oecetis cassicoleata, Oecetis doesburgi, Oecetis iguazu, Phylloicus auratus, and Triplectides maranhensis; we also describe and illustrate one new species: Oecetis ancorospina n. sp. which belongs to the Oecetis testacea Species Group.
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Langford, B., E. House, A. Valach, C. N. Hewitt, P. Artaxo, M. P. Barkley, J. Brito i in. "Seasonality of isoprene emissions and oxidation products above the remote Amazon". Environmental Science: Atmospheres 2, nr 2 (2022): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ea00057h.

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KIRKBY, CHRISTOPHER A., RENZO GIUDICE, BRETT DAY, KERRY TURNER, BRITALDO SILVEIRA SOARES-FILHO, HERMANN OLIVEIRA-RODRIGUES i DOUGLAS W. YU. "Closing the ecotourism-conservation loop in the Peruvian Amazon". Environmental Conservation 38, nr 1 (marzec 2011): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892911000099.

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SUMMARYAnnual revenue flow to developing countries for ecotourism could be as large as US$ 29 billion, providing an enormous financial incentive against habitat loss and exploitation. However, surprisingly little quantitative evidence exists on the profitability of the rainforest ecotourism sector, which determines the incentive and capacity of the sector to engage in conservation. A Peruvian rainforest ecotourism cluster generated US$ 11.6 million in 2005. The after-tax profit margin was at least 14% and has increased with tourist volume. High profitability, coupled with new legislation, has allowed operators to put 54 358 ha of rainforest near the new Interoceánica Sur highway under private management and to engage in conservation actions. A previously published microeconomic contract model of protected-areas management identifies two key features of rainforest tourism that link ecotourism to conservation: (1) tourists demand an immersive experience, which incentivizes the acquisition of large amounts of forest cover, and (2) institutional reforms have increased the expected effectiveness of conservation actions. In Peru, these conditions appear to be met, so that profits from ecotourism can combine with new land tenure rights to create a governance structure within which the industry can act as an independently financed partner to the conservation community.
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da Silveira, Pedro Henrique Poubel Mendonça, Bruno Figueira de Abreu Ferreira Cardoso, Belayne Zanini Marchi i Sergio Neves Monteiro. "Amazon Natural Fibers for Application in Engineering Composites and Sustainable Actions: A Review". Eng 5, nr 1 (12.01.2024): 133–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eng5010009.

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The Amazon rainforest, spanning multiple countries in South America, is the world’s largest equatorial expanse, housing a vast array of relatively unknown plant and animal species. Encompassing the planet’s greatest flora, the Amazon offers a tremendous variety of plants from which natural lignocellulosic fibers (NLFs) can be extracted. In this century, NLFs, which have long been utilized by indigenous populations of the Amazon, have garnered interest as potential reinforcements for composites, whether polymer- or cement-based, in various technical applications such as packaging, construction, automotive products, and ballistic armor. A comparison with synthetic materials like glass, carbon, and aramid fibers, as well as other established NLFs, highlights the cost and specific property advantages of Amazon natural fibers (ANFs). Notably, the sustainable cultivation and extraction of ANFs, as alternatives to deforestation and livestock pasture, contribute to the preservation of the Amazon rainforest. This review article provides a comprehensive examination of recent studies directly related to ANF-reinforced polymer matrix composites. The specific advantages, proposed applications, and reported challenges are highlighted, shedding light on the potential of these unique natural fibers.
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Miranda, Raizza, Markus Schwaninger, Alvimar Lucena, Ygor Logullo, Mischel Carmen N. Belderrain, Tereza C. M. B. Carvalho i Renato C. Sato. "Sustainable Amazon: A Systemic Inquiry with Native Populations". Sustainability 15, nr 9 (4.05.2023): 7517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097517.

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The Amazon Rainforest suffers from unsustainable exploitation and encroachment on native peoples’ territories, leading to poverty and environmental destruction. This inquiry aims to understand the impact of deforestation on the economic development of communities and peoples and the relationships between persistent poverty and social pathologies. The research project employed empirical and conceptual methods, collecting data through interviews and constructing a systemic model concerning pathological dynamics within the Amazon region. The study found traps involving innovation, biodiversity, capacity building, access to economic assets, social development, cultural identity, access to knowledge, savannization, and forest appropriation. A systemic approach that reconnects with nature is essential to establish a sustainable economy in the Amazon rainforest. Proposed solutions include an ecological economy, stopping deforestation, encouraging entrepreneurship, valuing tradition, safe environment, building skills and competencies, increasing information and communication effectiveness, and fostering cooperation. This research seeks fundamentally new solutions that reach beyond the existing regime and contributes to establishing a new paradigm for the Amazon Forest.
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Del Valle Coello, Juan José. "Forest Economies: A Remedy to Amazonian Deforestation?" IU Journal of Undergraduate Research 2, nr 1 (31.05.2016): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/iujur.v2i1.20929.

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Commonly described as the “lungs of the planet,” the Amazon rainforest represents over half of the remaining rainforest in the world, constituting an important global carbon sink and one of the most culturally- and biologically-diverse regions of the world. The past half-century has seen a worrisome amount of deforestation in this rainforest, but different regions within the Amazon, however, compare differently in terms of deforestation trajectories. What has been the role of products obtained from managing forests, such as the now globally-consumed açaí palm fruit, in reverting deforestation trends? My hypothesis is that there is a statistically significant negative correlation between such forest products and extent of deforestation. This study examines, within the historical and social context of the Amazon Delta and Estuary, the relationship between açaí agroforestry and deforestation. The focus units are the municípios (roughly equivalent to counties) that constitute the Amazon Delta and Estuary, all located in the northern Brazilian states of Amapá and Pará. Statistical data for deforestation obtained from PRODES, a Brazilian governmental project, which monitors deforestation via satellite, is used to ascertain deforestation in the region. This dataset is then correlated with census-based production data for each município for the period from 2002 to 2012. Mapping these variables onto municípios does visually demonstrate a contrast between areas of high deforestation and high açaí production; however, the relationship is not statistically significant.
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Muhtadi, Muhtadi, Evy Nurinayah i HS Tisnanta. "Amazon Rainforest Deforestation and Indigenous People Movement in Preserving Environmental Conservation". Journal of Social Research 2, nr 1 (5.12.2022): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/josr.v2i1.404.

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Background: The Amazon forest is one of the areas experiencing the largest deforestation in the world and this causes a decrease in environmental quality that occurs in its region, and Brazil is responsible for half of the deforestation in the Amazon because deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon region has the largest percentage compared to other regions. Objective: In line with the formulation of the problem described above, the purpose of writing this paper is to find out why there is a decline in environmental quality and how the role and efforts of Brazilian indigenous people are to protect the environment in the Amazon Forest region. Method: The researchers used qualitative approach here. The data were obtained from various documents, including journals and news from different platforms. The researcher analyzed the data by reading every document thoroughly and concluding the result. Result: The result of the conversion of forest land in the Amazon is that other lands are easier and faster to evict as well when compared to the first time this exploitation activity was carried out in the 1970s to mid-2000s. Large areas of rainforest in the Amazon were eventually filled with livestock, soybean farming, excavation of dams and minerals, as well as clearing of land for urban projection and colonialization projects. Conclusion: From this writing, it can be concluded that the deforestation that occurs in the Amazon Forest is caused by human activities or irresponsible parties who turn the forest into land for personal gain.
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Pennington, R. Toby, i Christopher W. Dick. "The role of immigrants in the assembly of the South American rainforest tree flora". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, nr 1450 (29.10.2004): 1611–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1532.

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The Amazon lowland rainforest flora is conventionally viewed as comprising lineages that evolved in biogeographic isolation after the split of west Gondwana ( ca . 100 Myr ago). Recent molecular phylogenies, however, identify immigrant lineages that arrived in South America during its period of oceanic isolation ( ca . 100–3 Myr ago). Long–distance sweepstakes dispersal across oceans played an important and possibly predominant role. Stepping–stone migration from Africa and North America through hypothesized Late Cretaceous and Tertiary island chains may have facilitated immigration. An analysis of inventory plot data suggests that immigrant lineages comprise ca . 20% of both the species and individuals of an Amazon tree community in Ecuador. This is more than an order of magnitude higher than previous estimates. We also present data on the community–level similarity between South American and palaeotropical rainforests, and suggest that most taxonomic similarity derives from trans–oceanic dispersal, rather than a shared Gondwanan history.
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Okabayashi Miyaji, Renato, Felipe Valencia de Almeida, Lucas de Oliveira Bauer, Victor Madureira Ferrari, Pedro Luiz Pizzigatti Corrêa, Luciana Varanda Rizzo i Giri Prakash. "Spatial Interpolation of Air Pollutant and Meteorological Variables in Central Amazonia". Data 6, nr 12 (30.11.2021): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data6120126.

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The Amazon Rainforest is highlighted by the global community both for its extensive vegetation cover that constantly suffers the effects of anthropic action and for its substantial biodiversity. This dataset presents data of meteorological variables from the Amazon Rainforest region with a spatial resolution of 0.001° in latitude and longitude, resulting from an interpolation process. The original data were obtained from the GoAmazon 2014/5 project, in the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) repository, and then processed through mathematical and statistical methods. The dataset presented here can be used in experiments in the field of Data Science, such as training models for predicting climate variables or modeling the distribution of species.
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GERACE, SAMUELE, i MATHEUS COLLI-SILVA. "A new species of Byttneria sect. Crassipetala (Malvaceae, Byttnerioideae) from Eastern Amazonia". Phytotaxa 637, nr 3 (22.02.2024): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.637.3.6.

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Byttneria (Malvaceae, Byttnerioideae) is a Pantropical genus known for its variable growth forms—ranging from shrubs to lianas—and complex floral structures. In this study, we describe a new species, Byttneria filifolia Gerace & Colli-Silva, from B. sect. Crassipetala, found in the Eastern Amazon rainforest of Brazil, specifically in Pará, and Mato Grosso states. Byttneria filifolia is distinguished from its relatives by its filiform leaves, as well as by the multiaperturate leaf nectary, growth form, leaf shape, and petal morphology. This study contributes to our comprehension of morphological patterns within Byttneria from the Amazon rainforest, underscoring the role of morphological features in species delineation.
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ASSIS, Nathalia Mendonça de, Jefferson dos Santos GÓIS, Julimar Freire de FREITAS-NETO, Flávia Rodrigues BARBOSA i Iuri Goulart BASEIA. "Checklist of Amazonian gasteroid fungi (Agaricomycetidae, Phallomycetidae, Basidiomycota)". Acta Amazonica 52, nr 2 (kwiecień 2022): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202101730.

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ABSTRACT The Amazon rainforest is the largest tropical rainforest in the world, with high biodiversity of organisms. Despite the increasing knowledge about fungal diversity in the last few years, many fungal taxa, including gasteroid clades, are still poorly known. Gasteroid fungi are recognized by the maturation of basidiospores inside the basidiomata and by the passive release of spores. We conducted a detailed survey of published data on the species that occur in Amazon forests. We confirmed the occurrence of 83 species distributed in 22 genera, eight families and four orders. The most representative genera was Geastrum, followed by Cyathus, Lycoperdon and Phallus. We present an identification key for Amazonian gasteroid genera and a map of record distribution. This review is expected to contribute to identify distribution gaps for further research on gasteroid fungi and to subsidize policies for the conservation of fungi in the Amazon region.
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Rizzolo, Joana A., Cybelli G. G. Barbosa, Guilherme C. Borillo, Ana F. L. Godoi, Rodrigo A. F. Souza, Rita V. Andreoli, Antônio O. Manzi i in. "Soluble iron nutrients in Saharan dust over the central Amazon rainforest". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, nr 4 (22.02.2017): 2673–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2673-2017.

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Abstract. The intercontinental transport of aerosols from the Sahara desert plays a significant role in nutrient cycles in the Amazon rainforest, since it carries many types of minerals to these otherwise low-fertility lands. Iron is one of the micronutrients essential for plant growth, and its long-range transport might be an important source for the iron-limited Amazon rainforest. This study assesses the bioavailability of iron Fe(II) and Fe(III) in the particulate matter over the Amazon forest, which was transported from the Sahara desert (for the sake of our discussion, this term also includes the Sahel region). The sampling campaign was carried out above and below the forest canopy at the ATTO site (Amazon Tall Tower Observatory), a near-pristine area in the central Amazon Basin, from March to April 2015. Measurements reached peak concentrations for soluble Fe(III) (48 ng m−3), Fe(II) (16 ng m−3), Na (470 ng m−3), Ca (194 ng m−3), K (65 ng m−3), and Mg (89 ng m−3) during a time period of dust transport from the Sahara, as confirmed by ground-based and satellite remote sensing data and air mass backward trajectories. Dust sampled above the Amazon canopy included primary biological aerosols and other coarse particles up to 12 µm in diameter. Atmospheric transport of weathered Saharan dust, followed by surface deposition, resulted in substantial iron bioavailability across the rainforest canopy. The seasonal deposition of dust, rich in soluble iron, and other minerals is likely to assist both bacteria and fungi within the topsoil and on canopy surfaces, and especially benefit highly bioabsorbent species. In this scenario, Saharan dust can provide essential macronutrients and micronutrients to plant roots, and also directly to plant leaves. The influence of this input on the ecology of the forest canopy and topsoil is discussed, and we argue that this influence would likely be different from that of nutrients from the weathered Amazon bedrock, which otherwise provides the main source of soluble mineral nutrients.
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Allan, J. D., W. T. Morgan, E. Darbyshire, M. J. Flynn, P. I. Williams, D. E. Oram, P. Artaxo, J. Brito, J. D. Lee i H. Coe. "Airborne observations of IEPOX-derived isoprene SOA in the Amazon during SAMBBA". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, nr 9 (19.05.2014): 12635–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-12635-2014.

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Abstract. Isoprene is a potentially highly significant but currently poorly quantified source of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). This is especially important in the tropics, where large rainforests act as significant sources of isoprene. Methylfuran, produced through thermal decomposition during analysis, has recently been suggested as a marker for isoprene SOA formation through the isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) route, which occurs under low NOx conditions. This is manifested as a peak at m / z = 82 in Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) data. Here we present a study of this marker measured during 5 flights over the Amazon rainforest on board the UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurement (FAAM) BAe-146 research aircraft during the South American Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) campaign. Cases where this marker is and is not present are contrasted and linked to the presence of acidic seed particles, lower NOx concentrations and higher humidities. There is also data to suggest a role of organic nitrogen in the particulate composition. Furthermore, an inspection of the vertical trends of the marker indicates that concentrations are highest at the top of the boundary layer (possibly due to semivolatile repartitioning) and upwards through the free troposphere, the mass spectral profile evolves towards that of low volatility oxygenated aerosol. These observations offer insights into the behaviour of IEPOX-derived SOA formation above the Amazon rainforest and the suitability of methylfuran as a marker for this process.
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Allan, J. D., W. T. Morgan, E. Darbyshire, M. J. Flynn, P. I. Williams, D. E. Oram, P. Artaxo, J. Brito, J. D. Lee i H. Coe. "Airborne observations of IEPOX-derived isoprene SOA in the Amazon during SAMBBA". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, nr 20 (29.10.2014): 11393–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11393-2014.

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Abstract. Isoprene is a potentially highly significant but currently poorly quantified source of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). This is especially important in the tropics, where large rainforests act as significant sources of isoprene. Methylfuran, produced through thermal decomposition during analysis, has recently been suggested as a marker for isoprene SOA formation through the isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) route, which mostly occurs under low NOx conditions. This is manifested as a peak at m/z=82 in Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) data. Here we present a study of this marker measured during five flights over the Amazon rainforest on board the UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurement (FAAM) BAe-146 research aircraft during the South American Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) campaign. Cases where this marker is and is not present are contrasted and linked to the presence of acidic seed particles, lower NOx concentrations and higher humidities. There are also data to suggest a role of organic nitrogen in the particulate composition. Furthermore, an inspection of the vertical trends of the marker indicates that concentrations are highest at the top of the boundary layer (possibly due to semivolatile repartitioning) and that upwards through the free troposphere, the mass spectral profile evolves towards that of low volatility oxygenated aerosol. These observations offer insights into the behaviour of IEPOX-derived SOA formation above the Amazon rainforest and the suitability of methylfuran as a marker for this process.
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Enck, Bruna Firmino, Milton Cesar Costa Campos, Marcos Gervásio Pereira, Fernando Gomes de Souza, Otavio Augusto Queiroz Santos, Yan Vidal de Figueiredo Gomes Diniz, Thalita Silva Martins, José Mauricio Cunha, Alan Ferreira Leite de Lima i Tancredo Augusto Feitosa de Souza. "Forest–Fruticulture Conversion Alters Soil Traits and Soil Organic Matter Compartments". Plants 11, nr 21 (29.10.2022): 2917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11212917.

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Fruticulture in the Amazonian Rainforest is one of the main causes of deforestation, biodiversity loss, and soil erosion. Fruticulture plays a key role in the soil traits and soil organic matter (SOM) compartments by altering the soil ecosystem. Our aim was to assess the influence of Forest–Fruticulture conversion on soil traits, and SOM fractions in Brazil’s Legal Amazon. The experiment was carried out in field conditions using four land uses as main treatments: Bixa orellana, Theobroma grandiflorum, Paullinia cupana, and the Amazon Rainforest. The soil physicochemical traits were analyzed using samples that were collected from 0–5, 5–10, and 10–20 cm soil depth by using grids (10 × 10 m) with 36 sampling points. Our results showed that the Fruticulture promoted an increase in bulk density, GMD, aggregate diameter, soil porosity, gravimetric moisture, sand, clay, carbon associated with humic acid, and, the sum of bases (K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), while the Amazon Rainforest showed the highest values of silt, soil P content, SOC, p-SOC, m-SOC, carbon associated with fulvic acid, humine, and soil C stock. Overall, the fruticulture farming systems have negative effects on SOM compartments. The results of our study highlight the importance of considering fruticulture with endemic plant species by promoting soil fertility and soil aggregation.
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Duron, Olivier, Rachid Koual, Lise Musset, Marie Buysse, Yann Lambert, Benoît Jaulhac, Denis Blanchet i in. "Novel Chronic Anaplasmosis in Splenectomized Patient, Amazon Rainforest". Emerging Infectious Diseases 28, nr 8 (sierpień 2022): 1673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2808.212425.

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Pereira, Ricardo, i Beatriz Garcia. "Editorial: The legal protection of the Amazon rainforest". Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law 30, nr 2 (lipiec 2021): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/reel.12411.

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Collective, Kaleidos. "Experiencing Covid-19 in the Ecuadorian Amazon rainforest". Interactions 28, nr 2 (marzec 2021): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3450436.

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Saito Mira de Carvalho, Ayana, i Celia Kinuko Matsunaga Higawa. "Impermanence in the Context of the Amazon Rainforest". International Journal of the Image 13, nr 1 (2022): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2154-8560/cgp/v13i01/37-45.

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Victoria Reyes, Maria. "Tourism strategies for “advantaging” the Amazon rainforest region". Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 2, nr 2 (13.04.2010): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17554211011037859.

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de Area Leão Pereira, Eder Johnson, Luiz Carlos de Santana Ribeiro, Lúcio Flávio da Silva Freitas i Hernane Borges de Barros Pereira. "Brazilian policy and agribusiness damage the Amazon rainforest". Land Use Policy 92 (marzec 2020): 104491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104491.

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Boulton, Chris A., Peter Good i Timothy M. Lenton. "Early warning signals of simulated Amazon rainforest dieback". Theoretical Ecology 6, nr 3 (29.05.2013): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12080-013-0191-7.

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