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Ruzzi, Rodrigo de Souza [UNESP]. "Aplicação de fluido de corte pela técnica MQL com limpeza do rebolo de alumina na retificação do aço ABNT 4340". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148979.
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Em meio à atual busca por adequações dos processos produtivos em função da saúde humana e preservação do ambiente, sem abrir mão da preocupação com os custos e a qualidade dos produtos, é preciso pesquisas a tentar novas técnicas de lubri-refrigeração eficientes como alternativas às convencionais. Assim, busca-se técnicas modernas que possam substituí-las, nesse sentido, a técnica MQL (Mínima Quantidade de Lubrificante) vem sendo uma alternativa pois utiliza baixo fluxo de óleo com ar em alta pressão, diminuindo a quantidade de resíduos gerados no processo. A técnica de MQL já se consolidou no mercado como solução para determinadas operações de usinagem como a de torneamento, porém encontra dificuldades no processo de retificação devido à formação de uma “borra” de óleo com cavacos que se forma na superfície do rebolo prejudicando os resultados do processo. A fim de superar este desafio, foi desenvolvido um sistema de ar comprimido para promover a limpeza da superfície do rebolo através da retirada da camada de borra ou resíduo que se impregna a ele durante o processo de retificação com MQL. Assim, o presente trabalho visou a análise do desempenho dos fluidos biodegradáveis LB 1100 (óleo puro) e BIOCUT 9000 (diluído em água na proporção de 1:5) aplicados a zona de corte via técnica de MQL com um sistema auxiliar de limpeza da superfície de corte do rebolo, em relação à técnica convencional. Os ensaios de retificação cilíndrica externa de mergulho foram realizados no aço endurecido ABNT 4340 utilizando um rebolo convencional de óxido de alumínio. Foram avaliados três avanços radiais distintos, 0,25, 0,50 e 0,75 mm/min. O desempenho da técnica MQL com sistema de limpeza foi avaliado com base nos parâmetros de rugosidade, desvios de circularidade, potência de usinagem, desgaste diametral do rebolo, microdureza e micrografia. Os resultados mostraram que a usinagem com a técnica MQL com o sistema de limpeza da superfície do rebolo e fluido LB 1100, de modo geral, proporcionou um desempenho superior às demais técnicas nas mesmas condições analisadas, apresentando peças sem danos, com os melhores valores de Rugosidade (Ra) e desvios de circularidade e com o menor consumo de potência e rebolo, ressaltando o potencial do uso desta técnica no processo de retificação.
Currently seeking for suitability of the production processes due to the preservation of the environment and human health, without abandoning the concern with cost and quality of products, research is needed to try new efficient cooling-lubrication techniques as alternatives to conventional ones. Thus, modern techniques are sought to replace them, in this way, the MQL (Minimum Quantity of Lubricant) technique has been an alternative because it uses low oil flow with high pressure air, reducing the amount of waste generated in the process. The MQL technique has already consolidated itself in the market as a solution for certain machining operations such as turning, but it encounters difficulties in the grinding process due to the formation of an oil slurry with chips that forms on the surface of the grinding wheel, damaging the results of the process. To overcome this challenge, a compressed air system has been developed to promote the cleaning of the grinding wheel surface by removing the layer of sludge or residue which is impregnated thereto during the grinding process with MQL. Thus, the present research had as objective the performance analysis of the biodegradable fluids LB 1100 (pure oil) and BIOCUT 9000 (diluted in water in a ratio of 1:5) applied to the cutting zone through the MQL technique with an auxiliary cleaning system of the grinding wheel cutting surface, in relation to the conventional technique. External cylindrical plunge grinding trials were performed on AISI 4340 hardened steel using a conventional aluminum oxide grinding wheel. Three distinct feed rates were evaluated: 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mm/min, respectively. The performance of the MQL technique with the cleaning system was evaluated based on the parameters of roughness, roundness error, grinding power, diametric wheel wear, microhardness and micrograph. The results showed that the machining with the MQL technique with the grinding wheel cleaning system and the fluid LB 1100, in general, provided the best performance in relation to the other techniques in the same analyzed conditions, presenting parts without damages, with the best values of roughness (Ra) and roundness error and with the lowest expenditure of power and wheel wear, highlighting the potential of the use of this technique in the grinding process.
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Woodin, Craig Thomas. "Effects of dressing parameters on grinding wheel surface topography". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53104.
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Grinding is a critical manufacturing process and is often the only alternative when producing precision components or when machining brittle materials such as ceramics. Characterizing and modeling the surface finish in the grinding process is a difficult task due to the stochastic nature of the size, shape and spatial distribution of abrasive grains that make up the surface of grinding wheels. Since the surface finish obtained in grinding is a direct function of the wheel surface topography, which is conditioned by a single point dressing process, understanding the effects of dressing parameters on the wheel topography is essential. Therefore, the main objectives of this thesis are: 1) to experimentally characterize the three-dimensional surface topography of a conventional grinding wheel including attributes such as the abrasive grain height distribution, grain geometry and spacing parameters and their respective statistical distributions, 2) to determine the effects of single point dressing conditions on the three-dimensional wheel surface topography parameters and their distributions, 3) to model and simulate the three-dimensional wheel surface topography, and 4) to experimentally validate the wheel topography model. In this research, new and existing characterization methods are used to characterize the wheel surface and the individual abrasive grains. The new techniques include the use of X-ray micro-tomography (μCT) to obtain a better understanding of the grinding wheel's internal micro-structure, and a focus variation based optical measurement method and scanning electron microscopy to characterize previously ignored attributes such as the number of sides and aspect ratio of individual grains. A seeded gel (SG) vitrified bond conventional grinding wheel is used in the study. A full factorial design of single point wheel dressing experiments is performed to investigate the effects infeed and lead dressing parameters on the grinding wheel surface topography. A custom wheel indexing apparatus is built to facilitate precision relocation of the grinding wheel surface to enable optical comparison of the pre- and post-dressing wheel surface topography to observe wheel surface generation mechanisms such as macro-fracture and grain dislodgement. Quantitative descriptions of how each dressing parameter affects the wheel surface characteristics are given in terms of the wheel surface roughness amplitude parameters (Sp, Ssk, Sku) and areal and volume parameters (Spk, Sk, Vmp, Vmp, Vvc, Smr1) derived from the bearing area curve. A three-dimensional wheel topography simulation model that takes as input the abrasive grain height distribution and the statistical distributions for the various abrasive grain geometry parameters is developed and experimentally validated.
The results of wheel characterization studies show that the actual abrasive grain height distribution in the SG wheel follows a beta distribution. The μCT work shows that the abrasives are polyhedral in shape, as opposed to the spherical or conical shapes commonly assumed in grinding literature. Grain spacing is found to follow a beta distribution while the number of sides of the grain and the grain aspect ratio are found to follow the gamma and the Weibull distribution, respectively. The results of the dressing study show that the lead dressing parameter has the strongest effect on wheel topography. Using statistical distributions for the key parameters (e.g. grain height, number of sides, grain spacing), a stochastic three-dimensional model is developed to simulate the wheel surface topography under different dressing conditions. The resulting model is shown to yield realistic results compared to existing models mainly due the fact that additional abrasive grain geometry parameters and more realistic assumptions of the different grain attributes are used in the model. It is shown that the model follows the overall wheel surface topography trends during dressing but has difficulty in accurately simulating some of the wheel characteristics under specific dressing conditions. The thesis then concludes with a summary of the main findings and possible future research avenues including extending the model to rotary dressing and simulation of wheel-workpiece interaction.
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Williams, Lyle. "Mechanisms of inclusion filtration and fluidity using prefil measurement on Al-7Si-0.4 Mg alloy melt report [thesis] submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, April 2005". Full thesis. Abstract, 2005. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/WilliamsL.pdf.
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Wei, Xiaodan. "Thermal mechanical analysis of interfacial behavior in aluminum alloy wheel casting process". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46024.
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The focus of this project is to improve the understanding of the interfacial heat transfer behavior within the Low-Pressure Die Casting (LPDC) process, which is the main manufacturing process for A356 aluminum alloy wheels, and to develop an improved methodology/expression for calculating the heat transfer across the wheel/die interface. To formulate and assess expressions for the interfacial behavior, a 2D-axisymmetric coupled thermo-mechanical model has been developed in the commercial finite element package, ABAQUS. The model was capable of predicting the thermal history, deformation and the variation of the air gap and pressure along the wheel/die interface.
The temperature predictions of the coupled thermo-mechanical model were compared with temperature measurements obtained at Canadian Auto Parts Toyota Inc obtained on a production die. A displacement measurement setup using a high temperature eddy current displacement sensor was designed and tested in a lab setting but not employed in a plant trial due timing issues.
Initially, the coupled thermo-mechanical model was run with a temperature dependent interfacial heat transfer coefficient to obtain preliminary air gap and pressure behavior at various locations. Comparisons with the thermocouple measurements suggest that the model is able to generally qualitatively, and at some locations quantitatively, predict the temperature changes from the main physical phenomena occurring during the casting process.
The preliminary air gap and pressure predictions were used to develop a temperature, gap size and pressure dependent interfacial heat transfer coefficient based on literature review. The interfacial heat transfer coefficient was implemented in the model, and was found to improve the agreement between the model predictions and measured temperatures, but was prone to numerical convergence issues.
A new methodology of incrementally changing the interfacial heat transfer coefficient has been proposed to solve the issues. The methodology was implemented in an EXCEL spreadsheet to test it and the calculated interfacial heat transfer coefficients were found to be continuous, reflecting the effects of air gap and pressure evolution. The methodology and corresponding algorithm should be further developed for use in an ABAQUS model in the future.
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Duan, Jianglan. "Development of a numerical optimization methodology for the aluminum alloy wheel casting process". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57699.
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Aluminum alloy wheel manufacturers face on-going challenges to produce high quality wheels and increase production rates. Improvements are generally realized by modifying the wheel and die designs and continually improving the manufacturing processes. Conventionally, these improvements have been realized by trial-and-error, building on past practice or experience. This approach typically results in long design lead times, high scrap rates and less than optimal production rates. The work presented in this study seeks to reduce the reliance on trial-and-error techniques by developing a new methodology to optimize the wheel casting process through the combination of a casting process model and open-source numerical optimization algorithms. The casting process model utilized in this method was developed in the commercial finite element package Abaqus™ and was validated through plant trials. An open source optimization module Python Scipy.optimize has been employed to perform the optimization. The work focuses on optimizing the cooling conditions in a low-pressure die-casting (LPDC) process used to produce automotive wheels. Specifically cooling channel timing was selected because of the critical role heat extraction plays on casting quality, both in terms of dendrite cell size and the formation and growth of porosities. The methodology was first developed with a series of test problems ending with an L-shaped geometry that employed the major features of the wheel casting process. The most suitable approach, based on the test problems, was then applied to the optimization of a 2-D axisymmetric prototype wheel die structure. The outcome revealed that numerical optimization coupled with a state-of-the-art process model has the potential to dramatically improve the method of determining cooling channel timings while also improving the product quality and process performance. The utility of the optimization methodology was found to depend on the accuracy of the casting process model. Significant challenges remain before widespread implementation of this methodology can occur in industry. Possible directions for further developments have been identified. In summary, this study represents one of the initial applications of a numerical optimization methodology to wheel casting, and that with further development; it will become an effective tool for process and die design optimization.Applied Science, Faculty of
Materials Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Bhatnagar, Mohit. "Mathematical modeling of the fatigue life following rim indentation test in aluminum alloy wheels". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/19188.
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The volume of components manufactured from cast aluminum alloys in both the aerospace and automotive industries has seen a tremendous rise in the past 10 years. In the automotive industry, cast wheels also provide aesthetically appealing designs for the consumers, which is an important factor for their increased demand. The cyclic nature of in-service loading in some applications makes fatigue performance a key design consideration. Manufacturers use standardized testing procedures (SAE J328) to assess the fatigue life of wheels for regular driving or cornering conditions. Recently, a leading North American wheel manufacturing company has begun testing the radial fatigue life of wheels following rim indentation. The development of this test has highlighted the need for a tool to support the wheel design process that is capable of predicting the fatigue life of cast components following permanent deformation.
A considerable amount of research work has already been conducted on establishing the effects of microstructure and casting defects on the fatigue life of cast aluminum alloy A356. However, there has been limited work published on the effects of initial plastic deformation on the fatigue life of cast alloy A356. Thus, the current research project aims to quantify the effects of initial plastic strain on the fatigue life of automotive wheels manufactured from A356. Specifically, the research aims to enhance the understanding of the impact of rim indentation on the fatigue life of a wheel.
A finite element model was developed to predict the deformation occurring during application of a static load during the rim indentation test. The residual stress distribution occur¬ring after the T6 heat treatment process was used as an input to the rim indentation model. The model was then extended to calculate the stress state of the wheel under radial fatigue test conditions. Lab-scale experiments were performed to characterize the fatigue behavior of alloy A356 following different amounts of pre-strain (plastic strain). This data was used to develop an empirical relationship to relate the fatigue life to initial plastic strain and the cyclic stress state. Industrial-scale rim indentation and radial fatigue tests were used to validate the overall model predictions.
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Duan, Jianglan. "Physical and computational models of free surface related defects in low-pressure die-cast aluminum alloy wheels". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/38862.
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The difference of die filling, which can be characterized by the free surface flow behavior, has a strong influence on the quality of casting components. In the case of cast aluminum alloy wheels, an undesired filling pattern with excessive turbulence can cause portions of the surface oxide film to be entrained within the bulk liquid resulting in defects such as cosmetic paint-pops, hot tears, porosity and rim-leaks.
To investigate the influence of die filling on defect formation in low-pressure die-cast aluminum wheels, a water analogue physical model was built, instrumented and tested to simulate the free surface behavior during die filling of a low-pressure die-cast (LPDC) wheel. The physical model contains a transparent planar die section which was manufactured out of the geometry of a production die, and an automatic pressure control system that achieves liquid feeding conditions similar to the industrial process. A set of die filling tests with different venting conditions was carried out to explore the role of venting on the free surface behavior of water and to produce data for validation of a computational model. The computational model was developed, based on the commercial computational fluid dynamics code ANSYS CFX, for the purposes of predicting the flow conditions during die filling, providing qualitative and quantitative flow information that are otherwise not possible to obtain through experimental measurement, and identifying key features that influences the flow during die filling at a lower cost of time and labor.
Comparison between the experimental and numerical data has shown that the computational model was able to qualitatively reproduce the flow behavior observed in the water model in the conditions tested. Both the experimental and the model results indicate that the entrainment of surface oxide films and air bubbles could occur at the outboard rim flange during the filling of the flange, below the free surface of the returning waves in the spoke and at the junction of the hub and the spoke during the filling of the hub. Venting conditions have been proved crucial and the importance of vent design in commercial die design was highlighted.
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Cione, Francisco Carlos. "Medidas de tensões residuais por extensometria em componentes usados no setor da mobilidade". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-06032013-150024/.
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Muitas especificações de engenharia, procedimentos de fabricação, inspeção e controle de qualidade já começam a exigir que a análise da tensão residual de determinado componente seja avaliada. Isto está se tornando tão corriqueiro quanto às exigências referentes às propriedades mecânicas. No país existem poucos laboratórios de pesquisa qualificados para execução destes ensaios e também é constatada uma preocupante falta de mão de obra qualificada. A relevância do estudo e pesquisas em tensões residuais, ressalta para o desenvolvimento científico, tecnológico e inovação nos processos de fabricação de componentes para a indústria. Novos ferramentais e instrumentações para a investigação de microestrutura dos materiais, disponíveis em laboratórios de pesquisas tanto em instituições governamentais como em instalações privativas necessitam de pesquisadores habilitados o que está associado à formação de pessoal especializado dedicado a medidas de tensões residuais, ao desenvolvimento de procedimentos experimentais e técnicas de preparação de amostras que envolvam extensometria. A tensão residual, em componentes metálicos e ligas, tem origem em decorrência de processos de fabricação (fundição, tratamento térmico, usinagem, conformação mecânica) pelo qual se obtém a conformação estrutural do componente desejado. Estudar a formação e arranjo dos campos de tensões residuais podem permitir, entre outros ganhos, a elaboração de simulações por modelagem matemática mais refinada. Assim pode-se inferir, com maior detalhamento o comportamento destes componentes somando ganhos na resiliência à fadiga, sobrevida, segurança e redução de custo operacional de equipamentos e máquinas. O uso de extensometria na investigação de tensões residuais em rodas na industria automotiva contribuirá para a formação de uma maior base de dados que permitirá obter softwares de simulação FEM, com melhor índice da relação com modelagem matemática com o componente físico real.Many engineering specifications, manufacturing procedures, inspection and quality controls have begun to require that the residual stress analysis of a particular component is evaluated. This is becoming as common place as the demands on the mechanical properties. In the country there are few research laboratories qualified to perform these tests and also found a disturbing lack of skilled labor. The relevance of the study and research on residual stresses, stresses the development of science, technology and innovation in manufacturing components for the industry. New tools and instrumentation for the investigation of microstructure of materials available in research laboratories both in governmental institutions such as private facilities in need of qualified researchers which is associated with the training of specialists dedicated to measurements of residual stresses, the development of experimental procedures and sample preparation techniques involving gages. The residual stress in metal and alloy components arises as a result of manufacturing processes (casting, heat treatment, machining and mechanical forming) by which to obtain the structural form of the desired component. Study the formation and arrangement of residual stress fields may allow, among other gains, the development of mathematical modeling simulations more refined. Thus it can be inferred, in more detail the behavior of these components by adding gains in resilience to fatigue, survival, security and operational cost reduction of equipment and machinery. The use of strain gage in the investigation of residual stresses in automotive wheels contribute to the formation of a larger database that will allow for FEM simulation software, with a better index of mathematical modeling with respect to the real physical component.
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Andrade, Ricardo Bega de [UNESP]. "Efeito da refrigeração do ar comprimido utilizado em MQL (mínima quantidade de lubrificante) aplicado ao processo de retificação". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151460.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O processo de retificação é um processo de usinagem por abrasão que visa principalmente obtenção de superfícies com baixa rugosidade e tolerância dimensional estreita. Essa combinação é possível por causa das múltiplas arestas de corte sem geometria definida que removem material da peça em pequenas penetrações de trabalho. Contudo é um processo que apresenta problemas para a peça, devido à elevada geração de calor. Este calor pode causar alterações metalúrgicas, dentre outras. Por esta razão é necessário utilizar fluido de corte para refrigerar a zona de retificação. Ao mesmo tempo é preciso buscar uma produção mais sustentável em relação à técnica de lubri-refrigeração convencional. Esta técnica vem sendo substituída por outras que visam redução de custo e redução e/ou eliminação do impacto ambiental, sem prejuízos para qualidade da peça. Uma técnica de lubri-refrigeração que vem substituindo a técnica convencional competitivamente é a técnica de Mínima Quantidade de Lubrificação (MQL), que é bem difundida em processos de usinagem com geometria de corte definida (por exemplo, torneamento, fresamento e furação) e com resultados promissores também em processos de retificação. Entretanto, pelo fato da técnica MQL ser menos estudada no processo de retificação, seu desempenho ainda apresenta algumas restrições devido à sua baixa eficiência de refrigeração, que pode ocasionar danos térmicos à peça. Neste sentido, a realização deste trabalho consistiu em substituir o ar à temperatura ambiente do MQL por um ar a menor temperatura. Foi retificado o aço ABNT 4340 temperado e revenido com rebolo convencional de óxido de alumínio. Os experimentos foram realizados para as três diferentes técnicas de lubri-refrigeração (convencional, MQL e MQL com ar frio [MQL+AF]), com velocidade de corte igual a 30 m/s e com velocidade de mergulho variada em três graus de severidade (0,25; 0,50 e 0,75) mm/min. Para promover a redução da temperatura do ar misturado ao MQL, foi utilizado um sistema de refrigeração de ar por tubo de vórtice, visando aumentar a eficiência na retirada de calor do processo. Foram analisadas como variáveis de saída, a viscosidade relacionada ao fluido de corte utilizado nas técnicas MQL, a rugosidade (Ra), circularidade e integridade microestrutural relacionadas à peça, o desgaste relacionado ao rebolo e a potência de retificação relacionada ao processo. As técnicas MQL, nas duas formas de aplicação, apresentaram desempenho superior à técnica convencional. A técnica MQL+AF, mesmo com o ar frio atuando na retirada de mais calor da zona de retificação, apresentou desempenho geral inferior à técnica MQL, devido à influência exercida pela viscosidade do fluido à menor temperatura de aplicação.
The grinding process is an abrasion machining process that is mainly aimed at obtaining surfaces with low roughness and narrow dimensional tolerance. This combination is possible because of the multiple cutting edges without defined geometry that remove material from the workpiece at small work penetrations. However, it is a process that presents problems for the workpiece, due to the high generation of heat. This heat can cause metallurgical changes, among others. For this reason it is necessary to use cutting fluid to cool the grinding zone. At the same time it is necessary to seek a more sustainable production compared to the conventional lubri-cooling technique. This technique has been replaced by others that aim at cost reduction and reduction and/or elimination of environmental impact, without any damage to the quality of the part. A lubri-cooling technique that is replacing the conventional technique, competitively, is the Minimum Quantity of Lubricant (MQL) technique, which is well diffused in machining processes with defined cutting geometry (for example, turning, milling and drilling) and with promising results also in grinding processes. However, due the MQL technique is less studied in the grinding process, its performance still presents some restrictions due to its low cooling efficiency, which can cause thermal damage to the part. In this sense, the accomplishment of this work consisted in replacing the air at the ambient temperature of the MQL by air at a lower temperature. The quenched and tempered ABNT 4340 steel was ground with conventional aluminum oxide grinding wheel. The tests were carried out for three different lubri-cooling techniques (conventional, MQL and MQL with cold air [MQL + AF]), with a cutting speed of 30 m/s and a plunge speed varied in three degrees of severity (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75) mm/min. To promote the reduction of the temperature of the air mixed to the MQL, a vortex tube air cooling system was used aiming to increase the heat removal efficiency of the process. As output variables were analyzed the viscosity related to the cutting fluid used in MQL techniques, the roughness, roundness and microstructural integrity related to the workpiece, the wear related to the grinding wheel and the grinding power related to the grinding process. The MQL techniques, in both forms of application, presented superior performance to the conventional technique. The MQL+AF technique, even with the cold air acting to remove more heat from the grinding zone, presented worst general performance than the MQL technique, due to the influence exerted by the viscosity of the fluid at the lower application temperature.
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Chun-Hua, Chan, i 詹俊華. "Optimal Design of Aluminum Alloy Wheel". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96895305255103443240.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
機械與精密工程研究所
102
In this study, Taguchi method and finite element analysis software, ANSYS, was used to carry wheel rim optimization analysis. First, Pro/Engineer was used to create wheel rim geometry model and calculated the weight of wheel rim, then the model was imported to ANSYS to simulate the wheel rim stress under loading. In the study, four design parameters, wheel rim section, wheel rim claws, number of fixed holes and the shape of the wheel rim lightweight were used to explore the main factors affecting stress and weight and investigate the best combination of parameters. The results show that the optimum parameters for style “a” wheel rim section, 8 claws wheel rim, 6 claw fixed holes, and lightweight style “z” model. The optimal deign stress is 34.87Mpa. The main factors that affect stress is the wheel rim claws, followed by wheel rim section. Taguchi method and ANSYS analysis can indeed save product development costs, and get a better design results.
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Khangar, Abhijeet Ashok. "Laser-dressing of alumina for grinding wheels". 2004. http://etd.utk.edu/2004/KhangarAbhijeet.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2004.Title from title page screen (viewed Sept. 22, 2004). Thesis advisor: Narendra B. Dahotre. Document formatted into pages (xvi, 89 p. : ill. (some col.)). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-85).
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Lin, Ray-Shang, i 林瑞盛. "Three Dimensional Stress Analysis of Aluminum Wheel". Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00384510176632741995.
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碩士國立成功大學
機械工程研究所
83
Computer aided analysis becomes a powerful tool in developing new products such that the production cost can be saved and the design period is reduced. This paper describes the application of the finite element method to the three dimensional stress ana- lysis of aluminum wheels by using computer aided software ANSYS. The magnitudes and patterns of stress distribution are consistent with the results obtained from experiment. Moreover, the effect of reinforce stringer on the reduction of stress concentration has proved to be significant. Consequently, the refined model of the wheel structure is useful for weight-saving design.
13
Li, Gea-Fong, i 李志豐. "The Weight Reducing Design of Aluminum Wheel". Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38719304759711649655.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士國立成功大學
機械工程研究所
84
Computer aided analysis becomes a powerful tool in develop- ing new products such that the production cost can be saved and the design period is reduced. The paper describes the applicati- on of the finite element method to reinforce beam weight design of aluminum wheels by using computer aided software On the comparison with experiment results , the solid method ls have better results. On the reinforce beam weight reducing ign , we use the height and width weight reducing models to ison. In the width weight reducig design , we also use reinforce beam upper and bottom weight reducing models to do static stress analysis. In comparison with height and width weight reducing , the reinforce beam upper side reducing model has the best The dynamic impact stress analysis could predict that the beam upper side weight reducing model will pass the impact test.
14
Yu, Chia-Chieh, i 余家杰. "ANALYSIS OF CASTING PROCESS OF ALUMINUM WHEEL". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90338218672705307073.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士元智大學
機械工程學系
91
Aluminum disc wheels intended for normal use on passenger cars are commonly produced by gravity casting. If the cooling process and initial temperature of mold are not well controlled, shrinkage cavity will occur after solidification, which might cause leakage problems to the disc wheel. This thesis simulated the casting process by computer simulation, and a Shrinkage Index (SI) is defined using the phenomenon of liquid entrapped. This thesis then discussed the influence of cooling process, initial temperature, and geometry of the wheel on SI after the mold temperature has converged. The relationship between SI and the percentage of wheels that have leakage in real test was discussed. We can use the simulation process and SI to predict the quality of the casting wheel and to find the optimal parameters.
15
Chan, Hueng-Tsen, i 詹皇岑. "Analysis of Impact Test for Aluminum Alloy Wheel". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74708312631053831258.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
機械工程系碩士班
95
The finite element software ABAQUS is used to perform the simulation of impact test for aluminum wheel according to the test requirements of SAE. The mesh model, boundary conditions, and loadings of finite element model are verified by strain measurements of strain gages. The results of strain measurements and simulations can show the dynamic response and plastic deformation of wheel under the test. The damage criteria of equivalent plastic strain and strain energy density are employed to predict the damage behaviors of the wheel during the impact test. The results show that the aluminum wheel can sustain very high impact loading due to high ductility of the material.
16
CHING, HUANG SIAN, i 黃獻慶. "Impact test for Aluminum Alloy Wheel-Case Study". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41201100643943952788.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
資訊管理系
103
In this study, data of 11 wheel models which passed 13-degree impact test were collected and compared with the numerical results of FEA (Finite Element Analysis) on 13-degree impact analysis done by Abaqus/Explicit solver. Then an empirical failure criterion was developed. In addition, with some actual cases for wheels failed in 13-degree impact test, a procedure was developed to verify the accuracy of simulation and analysis, including re-design, analysis, and trial production.
17
施建仲. "Simulation of the Impact Test of Aluminum Wheel". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96904394663155720468.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士國立清華大學
動力機械工程學系
95
Recently, the market for aluminum wheels used on passenger cars has become more competitive in that manufacturers adopt new technology to increase the quality and efficiency of the production of aluminum wheels. As computer-aided engineering (CAE) technologies and computer efficiency evolve reliably, finite element analysis (FEM) has become widely employed to address engineering problems. FEM is a powerful tool for comprehending the reaction of the aluminum wheel during the standard test within a short period of time. Therefore, based on the contact and impact theories, FEM is carried out to perform the aluminum wheel impact test. According to the computer-aided design (CAD) file provided by the manufacturer, this research utilizes the CAD software Pro/Engineer® to build a 3D solid model. The preprocessor setting and pretension loading from the model assembly are applied in the CAE software ANSYS®. Then the pretension result solved by ANSYS® is imported to the CAE software LS-DYNA® to continue the analysis of the impact test. Overall, through the comparison between the simulation results and the experiment on aluminum observation, a fast and reliable method to analyze the wheel impact test is established. Furthermore, suggestions on weight reduction for wheels are also made in the thesis.
18
Frost, FF. "A study of heat treatment of aluminium wheel castings". Thesis, 1997. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19673/1/whole_FrostFrederickFrank1997_thesis.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Continual attempts are made to improve production techniques in modern
manufacturing industries to cater for value added products and optimised processing time. Southern Aluminium Pty Ltd (SAPL), a subsidiary of Comalco Aluminium Ltd, established in 1989, is a manufacturer of automobile wheels, having to meet production in excess of fifty thousand wheels per month for the world automobile industry. SAPL produces a variety of wheel types and offer a complete package in design right from inception stage through development, casting, heat treatment, machining and finishing of aluminium alloy wheels.
All wheels at SAPL are produced using commercial aluminium alloy 601 which is predominantly an aluminium-silicon magnesium material. A detailed analysis of product flow at SAPL has shown that heat treatment occupies the majority of value added wheel processing time. Heat treatment at SAPL is the controlled process of heating and cooling the alloy wheels in order to improve their mechanical properties and enhance their performance. It is essentially a three stage manufacturing process involving solution treatment, quenching and aging.
The improvement in mechanical properties of the alloy during heat treatment is significantly influenced by the degree of heat treatment time and temperature used. A preliminary investigation carried out at SAPL has encouraging results to reduce heat treatment time without affecting the mechanical properties of the alloy. This work proposes a modified heat treatment process and the associated product flow which results is substantial time savings. The current processing techniques in use at SAPL could not be sufficiently adapted to accommodate the proposed changes to the heat treatment process. Hence, it was necessary to develop a system that would provide a means of incorporating the proposed changes into the alloy wheel manufacturing process.
The development of this system involved a preliminary design of an experimental heat treatment cell followed by numerous experimental investigations to study the functioning of the cell. A number of experimental investigations were completed in order to investigate the behaviour of aluminium alloy 601 during heat treatment, and in particular, the effect of varying solution treatment time and temperature on the mechanical properties of the alloy. The procedure leading towards the experimental investigation has necessitated the development of various testing rigs, temperature analysis and mechanical tests. The process is simulated on a smaller scale to check the proposed changes. A significant outcome of the experimental investigation completed was that solution treatment for the alloy could be reduced from the standard condition of four and a half hours at 540°C to a significantly improved condition of twenty two minutes at 570°C.
A comparison of the proposed optimised method with the customer specifications and the existing heat treatment
method is carried out using statistical routines. A quantitative substantiation using statistical methods has shown that the optimised method is not significantly different to the existing method of heat treatment. The optimum solution treatment developed did not affect the hardness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, percentage elongation and impact resistance of the alloy. In addition, the machinability and painted finish of the alloy wheels using the optimised method is also found to be extremely satisfactory.
The project has shown that productivity improvements at SAPL were possible through a substantial reduction in processing time of a major manufacturing stage in the production cycle without affecting the quality of the final product. The product cycle when implemented would result in significant cost savings for the company.
19
Lu, Yat-lin, i 呂逸霖. "Radial Test Analysis and Parameter Design of Aluminum Wheel". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46247872379028894007.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
機械工程系碩士班
95
In this research, two topics are studied: (1) the simulation of radial test for aluminum wheel and (2) the parameter design of aluminum wheel. The finite element method is used to simulate the radial test of aluminum wheel. The simulated results are compared with strain measurements by strain gages to verify the accuracy of the finite element model. Compared with the results of the test, the simulation can predict a reasonable fatigue life of aluminum wheel under radial test. For the parameter design, the finite element method is integrated with Taguchi method to design a optimum wheel with minimum weight under the constraint of the fatigue strength. The results show that 14 percent weight can be reduced with the proposed method.
20
Shin, Hsueh-chin, i 施學仕. "The Process Parameter Optimization in Aluminum Alloy Wheel Rim Turning". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90702769108724896765.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士雲林科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所碩士班
96
The Turning process is one of the widely applied processes at this moment, and do play an important role in the field of the mechanical processing. As observed, the objects processed mostly possess diversified qualify features, and the diversification among them always bear impacts to the process parameters and processed objects itself. And then it would cause the analytical efforts getting more sophisticated. The study is to apply the Taguchi Approach into the forging process of the Aluminum wheel so as to find out the difference among the Chip Length and the Surface Roughness with four carbides and different parameters (speed,feed , depth of cut, clamp strength). When the data have been collected, we will try to figure them out with TOPSIS applied, and then work out the composite quality indicator. And then, we will rank them out, plot the response chart and find out the best combination for the process mentioned above.
21
Li, Wen-Chang, i 李文倉. "Improvement of Aluminum Alloy Wheel Shrinkage Defect by Using Chiller". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73844938467391168109.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士逢甲大學
材料與製造工程所
92
The main purpose of this research is to investigate the improvement of aluminum alloy wheel shrinkage defect by using chiller. The simulation analysis of the effect of chiller design on aluminum alloy wheel shrinkage defect by using the foundry-use Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) software was studied. Experimental results show that since the design of chiller is limited by the structure of wheel, therefore, simulation was done with different sizes (ψ5mm, ψ10mm and ψ15mm) of ring type chiller in the beginning in order to obtain the optimal ring type chiller design. But, at the connection of rib and rim, where is the region with maximum section thickness and the hot spot occurs easily, so the ring type chiller can’t solve shrinkage defect efficiently. In this research, the ring type (ψ10mm) chiller with projections (ψ10mm, ψ15mm and ψ20mm, L30mm, L40mm, L50mm) is adopted to investigate the effects on the functions of eliminating the shrinkage defect. The simulation results show that, using the ψ10mm ring type chiller with ψ20mm and L40mm projection can get the directional solidification well, only micro-shrinkage generated possibility, and the effect on flow field is also available, therefore, this design can lead to obtain sound aluminum wheel casting.
22
Hsu, Hsin-Yen, i 許信彥. "Fatigue Analysis for Aluminum Alloy Wheel under Rotating Bending Test". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95135384846082129500.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
機械工程系碩士班
94
The fatigue analysis for aluminum wheels under rotating bending test is performed by the simulation of finite element software ANSYS Workbench. The modeling of mesh size, boundary conditions, and loadings is experimentally verified by the stress measurements. The calculated von Mises stress amplitudes on the wheel surface are chosen as the damage parameter to predict the fatigue life of the wheel. The fatigue strength is modified by the modification factor based on the geometrical shape and surface finish of the wheel locations. The stress distribution and fatigue life for five aluminum wheels under rotating test are simulated in this study. The fatigue fracture site and fatigue life predicted by the simulation are in good agreement with the experimentally testing results. The fatigue analysis of new wheel by finite element simulation could reduce the development time and testing cost.
23
Lai, Yu-Sheng, i 賴佑昇. "Simulation Analysis and Validation of Aluminum Alloy Wheel Bending Test". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e7r99s.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
車輛工程系所
105
The structure of the wheel affects driving safety. All aluminum alloy wheels must compliant with CNS7135. However, hardware test is time-consuming, expensive, and labor-intensive. Variations among prototypes can be other uncontrollable factors. This research aims to develop a process by utilizing computer-aided engineering to predict the performance of the wheel. Herein, wheel bending test is used as a pilot example. In the study, the total mass, volume, natural frequency and mode shapes of finite element model were validated and compared with those of hardware. Based on the hardware testing conditions, boundary, loading and contact condition of finite element model are set-up accordingly. The results show that good modal correlation helps establishing good analysis model. With that model, the maxima difference around the high strain area between analysis and experimental results is less than 5%. The developed process would be suitable for any wheel on standard bending test.
24
Chang, Wei-Chan, i 張維展. "Modeling for Impact Test of Aluminum Wheels". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9qey7b.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士國立中央大學
機械工程研究所
96
The aim of this study is, by using finite element analysis (FEA), to investigate the effect of the tire portion on the wheel impact performance and to find an effective way for replacing the dynamic impact effect by a static loading. Three types of wheels (Type A, Type B, and Type C) were applied in the current study to simulate the impact behavior caused by a dynamic loading with consideration of a certain percentage of impact energy absorption to compensate for the tire absence in the FEA models. In addition, a simple methodology for simulation of a dynamic impact test by an equivalent static loading was developed. The appropriate percentage of the impact energy absorbed by the tire portion was determined through a comparison of the experimentally measured changes of the bottom rim flange diameters with the dynamic simulation results and further confirmed by applying the plastic work and fracture strain criteria. The predicted absorption percentage based on the given two failure criteria for the given three types of wheels were well correlated with those determined by the changes of the bottom rim flange diameters except for the Type B wheel with a lower predicted value. The estimated absorption percentage for the Type A, Type B, and Type C wheels was in the range of 47.1% to 60.8%, 12.5% to 28.3%, and 20.1 % to 32.4%, respectively. The potential failure location could be accurately predicted by the FEA dynamic modeling in accordance with the applied two failure criteria. An effective static simulation with a static load equivalent to a certain number (14 to 18) times the striker weight was developed and could well describe the impact effect of the dynamic loading for the given three types of wheels. In the static analysis, a conservative prediction was obtained by the failure criterion based on the equivalent plastic strain with an accurate prediction of the critical region.
25
Vetter, Richard Anthony. "Control of a virtual low pressure aluminum wheel die casting process". Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/16210.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis outlines the development of an advanced control solution, specifically Model
Based Predictive Control (MPC), for an aluminum wheel low pressure die casting
process. The control solution development was performed offline using a high-fidelity 3-
D finite element model as a virtual process on which open and closed loop experiments
were performed. The open loop experiments facilitated the development of a reducedorder
state-space model to predict the approximate input-output behaviour of the casting
process.
The implemented MPC controller used this state-space model to regulate die
temperatures in the virtual process during simulated disturbance scenarios. Two
disturbances typically found in the industrial process were simulated. The first simulated
disturbance was a ramping metal temperature that simulated the temperature behaviour of
the molten metal in the industrial process. The second disturbance was variations in the
length of time the die remained open after the cast wheel was ejected from the dies.
These disturbances caused the die temperatures to deviate from their optimal values
which in turn resulted in defective wheels if the deviations were large enough.
The developed control solution improved the process performance by rejecting the
simulated disturbances and maintaining the die temperatures near their optimal values.
The regulation of the die temperatures resulted in a reduction in the number of cycles
where defective wheels were likely.Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate
26
Yang, Shao-Huei, i 楊紹暉. "Simulation Analysis of Impact and Radial Test for Aluminum Alloy Wheel". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01961305956458246071.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士雲林科技大學
機械工程系碩士班
96
In this research, two topics are studied: (1) the simulation of radial test for aluminum wheel and (2) simulation analysis of impact test for aluminum wheel. The finite element software ANSYS Workbench is used to perform the simulation of radial test for aluminum wheel, also the fatigue strength is modified by the modification factor based on the geometrical shape and surface finish of the wheel location. The simulation results can predict a reasonable fatigue life of aluminum wheel and compared with radial tests to verify the accuracy of the finite element model. In the second topic, the finite element software ABAQUS is used to perform the simulation of impact test for aluminum wheel. The simulated results are compared with strain measurement by strain gages to verify the accuracy of the element model. The prediction of a wheel failure is based on the condition that fracture will occur if the maximum strain energy density of the wheel during the impact test exceeds the total plastic work of the wheel material from tensile test.
27
CHEN, CHAO-WEN, i 陳肇文. "Application of Reverse Engineering in Light Weight of Aluminum Alloy Wheel". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ts7qpr.
Pełny tekst źródła
28
Chang, Cheng-Tang, i 張景棠. "Application of Reverse Engineering in Acquiring Geometric Features of Aluminum Wheel". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51774751317677914697.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
機械工程系碩士班
95
The forged aluminum wheel can not only improve the precision and strength but also reduce the weight, but the cost of manufacture is higher. In order to raise profits of the wheel, the manufacturing cost must be lowered. The forged part is deformed during forging processes, so the processing tolerance must be taken into consideration in the process design. Hence the used material is increased and further machining is necessary. The measurements of geometric contour can provide useful guidelines in inspecting quality and designing processes of the wheel. In this study, the reverse engineering is used to acquiring geometric features of aluminum wheel. The measuring data of wheel contour through two cooling processes, air cooling and water cooling , are obtained by the laser scanning system. Then the wheel surface is reconstructed by the reverse engineering software Geomagic Studio. The deformed shapes between two cooling processes are compared to show the effect of cooling process on geometric features of the forged wheel. The results show that the reverse engineering technique is a feasible method in acquiring geometric features of forged parts.
29
Chu, Chun-Yi, i 朱均翊. "Study on the Dynamic Behavior of Aluminum Wheels". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96735593356819872314.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
製造科技研究所
91
The objective of this research is to investigate the natural frequency、mode shapes、and the dynamic response of an aluminum rim under 13° impact loading .In order to study the dy namic behavior of the rim, both the finite element technique and experimental vibration test are used to find the natural frequency and mode shapes. Frequency Response Function is developed based on the experimental data and the modal analysis of rim after immediately impact is performed. In this study，Analysis results have good agreement with the experimental data. It is believed that the contents of study provide a good understanding and reference for this kind of problem.
30
wei-renn, Chen, i 陳威任. "Geometry design and stress analysis of aluminum alloy wheel under bending load". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93657153741389675766.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士明志科技大學
機電工程研究所
99
In this thesis, the geometry design and stress analysis of the aluminum alloy wheel have been accomplished. The CAD/CAE softwares SolidWorks and ANSYS are adopted in this study. The bending conditions applied on the wheel obey the SAE rules. Using the finite element analysis, five cases of the 15-inch aluminum wheel have been analyzed. As a result, the Case-5 wheel has good performance for the strength and weight. Its maximum von Mises stress is 142.59 MPa so that the safety factor is enough. By the weight-reduction design process, the mass of Case-5 is reduced to 6.8 kg.
31
Chang, Lin-Yeh, i 張林燁. "Key Success Factors of Toyota Production System in Aluminum Alloy Wheel Industry". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61828418731368388572.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士中原大學
企業管理研究所
96
ABSTRACT Aluminum alloy wheel is an important functional part in automobile. In year 80s, aluminum alloy wheel industry in Taiwan used to have a period of great prosperity in business, which not only created a huge amount of foreign exchange, but also brought a plenty of employment opportunities to the local people in Taiwan. However, due to the emerging of competitors in Mainland China and the soaring of raw material price, aluminum alloy wheel industry in Taiwan has been gradually losing its brightness and has fallen into the adversity of struggling for survival. Toyota Production System (TPS) was a revolutionary production management system developed by Mr. Oono, the former Vice President of Toyota Motor Company, 30 some years ago. This system has obtained excellent performance in car assembly field, and has been deemed as a brand-new production system with immeasurable potentiality. TPS is constituted by two major poles – Just in Time (JIT) and Stop-Reject Automation (“Jidoka” in Japanese pronunciation), and is operated by a series of methods, such as Standardization in Operation, Stop-Reject Automation (Jidoka) in Equipments, Equalization in Production, Pull System in Flow…etc, which ordinary people have been familiar with. However, to fulfill the real spirit of TPS has to go with the activities of continuous improvement (Kaizen) and thorough elimination of waste (Muda). They are the essence of TPS. This research, by reviewing the published papers, summed up the Key Successful Factors (KSF) of introducing TPS in different industries, and then used Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to build hierarchical structure and designed the questionnaire. Processing the questionnaire through 23 different wheel manufacturers in Taiwan, the results show as in the following: The percentage of introducing TPS amid aluminum alloy wheel industry is relatively lower than other automotive component industries in Taiwan. Capability of production management, engineering and technology are the most important aspects deemed by the interviewed companies. (the next two items by sequence are management capability of customers and suppliers, and organization and personnel. When introducing TPS, aluminum alloy wheel industry in Taiwan paid less attention on education and training, which is disadvantageous to enhancement of competitiveness and continuation of development. For those enterprises who are willing to introduce TPS or who are in process of introducing TPS, in order to be successful, it is essential to have better schemes of education and awareness revolution for TPS.
32
Chen, Yu-Gui, i 陳昱貴. "Static and Dynamic Analysis of Aluminum Alloy Wheel and Prediction of Crack Location". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10462895104529727542.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士國立宜蘭大學
機械與機電工程學系碩士班
97
Light alloy disc wheels are used in daily transportation very extensively, wheels need not only an artistic external, but also an excellent performance that must be up to the standard. According to Chinese National Standard-CNS 7135, this research use finite element analysis software, ANSYS, to perform the static analysis of radial load of aluminum alloy wheel. According to the standard, setting up appropriate models and boundary conditions are required. The stress and deformation of the wheel can be found after the wheel was suffered from the radial load. The stress concentration occurred on the location of the wheel, that fatigue fracture may take place. After confirming the distribution form of radial load, it could be applied to the simulation analysis of the radial load durability test of the wheel. This research also studied the 13° impact test, applying elasto-plastic mechanical theory, and the effect of tire energy absorption capability is also considered. The energy absorption percentage of tire effect in three cases, 0%, 20% and 40% are estimated by reducing the striker kinetic energy to compensate for tire absorption. At the same time, the effect of impact test at different contact conditions which ignore tire energy absorption capability was discussed.
33
Jacobs, H. "The fatigue and tensile properties of A356 aluminium alloy wheels in various post cast conditions". Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1754.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
M.Ing.This dissertation investigates the fatigue and monotonic tensile properties of cast aluminium alloy wheels in various post cast conditions. It was found that monotonic tensile properties could be used in the original universal slopes method of Manson to predict the fatigue properties as a conservative first approximation for A356 cast aluminium alloy wheels. Using finite element analysis and the predicted fatigue properties the fatigue life of A356 aluminium alloy wheels could be determined. Further work is required on the surface effect of paint on the wheel and residual stress on the surface of the wheel.
34
Tseng, Ann-Ter, i 曾安澤. "Minimizing the bias of pilot bore diameter in aluminum wheel by applying Taguchi Method". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40377346399935140077.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士雲林科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所碩士班
96
In the multi-process of wheel fabrication, the stresses induced by milling operation resulted in the variation of pilot bore diameter in meet the quality requirement of the wheels. Taguchi Method was used in this study to minimize the bias of pilot bore diameter by finding the appropriate parameters in the production process. As a result,the optimized parameters of minimizing the bias of pilot bore diameter in milling process are as follows, “pitch circle diameter (34.167%)”, “machining methods on wheel windows(22.854%)”, “depth of cutting on PCD hole(8.255%)” and “fine removal in window cutting(5.115%)”. By applying Taguchi Method,the bias of pilot bore diameter milling operation was 0.00925mm. Also,the final process capability (Ppk) was improved from 0.42 to 1.60.
35
Cyu, Jian-Sheng, i 璩健生. "Analysis of Mold Flow in the Low Pressure Die Casting of Aluminum Alloy Wheel". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20441984768348797152.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士國立中央大學
機械工程研究所
97
Low pressure die casting is currently the major process used to produce automobile aluminum alloy wheels. Due to the opacity of mold and the geometric complexity of wheel, it is laborious to set up the process parameters for manufacturing the wheels. Usually it depends on working experiences and try-and-error approaches to avoid the wheel defects, which therefore wastes a lot of time and costs. The purpose of this study is to reduce the waste of time and costs for manufacturing aluminum wheels by the low pressure die cast process by introducing the computer-aid-engineering (CAE) to help set up appropriate process parameters. We use a real mold to discuss the influence of pressure slopes and cooling schemes on the mold filling and solidification. The defects resulting from the entrained air and shrinkage pore are reduced by adjusting the pressure rising speed, the cooling time and locations, the thickness of the mold release agent and geometry of the mold. Simulation results reveal that fountains forming at the sprue intensely hit the mold cavity, which produce a lot of entrained air. The resulting vortices in the hub using trap the air if the pressure rising speed is too fast. Such entrained air and trapping phenomena can be eliminated largely by reducing the pressure speed, which also can prevent oxide films residing in the riser tube, hub and spokes. When only applied is natural convection to the solidification process it is found that shrinkage occur in the top of the rim, interface of spoke and rim and the decorated pores, which are all varying a lot in thickness. For the sake of defect elimination, we add force convection at certain locations of the mold, as well as modify the thickness of mold release agent and mold, so as to achieve the directional solidification by adjusting the local heat flux.
36
Kuo, Chien Ming, i 郭建民. "Application of Taguchi Method on the Optimization Analysis for the Aluminum Alloy Wheel Rim Casting". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45654800789396298583.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
化學工程與材料工程系
98
In this study the Taguchi quality design method is combined with the CastCAE analysis software to analyze the optimization of low-pressure casting for aluminum alloy wheel rim, under the condition of small change geometric profile and without increased the manufacturing process material. The Niyama porosity index is used as an adjustment criterion to find out the defects of geometric profile with minimized volume design, cooling pipeline allocation and processing parameters. At first, find out the defect factors of volume in the aluminum alloy wheel rim casting which are divided into three levels respectively, and apply the Taguchi orthogonal table to plan and build nine analytical models for the CastCAE analysis software to low-pressure casting analysis. The analytical results will be drawn as S/N charts to identify the optimal geometric profile design. After the geometry optimization, this procedure is also applied for the drawback of huge shrinkage defects in the casting which will be eliminated by the design of rise, and the defects of micro porosity will be improved by the cooling pipeline allocation. Finally the optimization of manufacturing process will be set up, and all of the analysis are analyzed and improved by the Taguchi method. The results are shown that the wheel rim 1 casting of the Niyama defect volume from 84.7 mm3 were decreased to 47.3 mm3, reduced as 44.2%, and wheel rim 2 casting from 58.6 decreased to 32.4 mm3, reduced as 44.8%. This study is established analytical method which can effectively enhance the aluminum wheel rim in the use of safety performance and service life. Moreover this method can also be applied to product design-related industries.
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Wei, Zong-Ying, i 魏宗潁. "Numerical Analysis of Stable Melting Pool Penetration for Aluminum Alloy wheel Frame TIG Welding Technique". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6tk3jp.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
車輛工程系所
106
This work used TIG (tungsten inert gas) welding technique to weld aluminum alloy wheel frame with the finite element analysis software ABAQUS .The process parameters were tried to change to achieve the goal of stable melting pool penetration. The process parameters of TIG welding consists rotating speed of rotary table, current of tungsten bar, initial temperature of work piece(aluminum alloy wheel frame)and current duration on initial position of welding. The simulation results showed that if this study used the initial process parameters to be set, the result could not achieve the wanted goal. The failure factor was found as follows: First of all, current duration on each position of welding was too long that led to overheat at end of welding path on work piece. Therefore, the goal could not be accomplished. But this question could be modified by building up the rotating speed of rotary table. Because when the rotating speed of rotary table increases that means the current duration on each position of welding will be decreased. It also means this method could not led to overheat on work piece. Next, melting pool penetration was not deep enough due to most of heat source energy (tungsten bar) will be absorbed by work piece. When TIG welding technique was used to weld workpiece(aluminum alloy wheel frame), the energy of heat source will be conducted and absorbed by it. Therefore, we could not accomplish the stable weld depth goal which we wanted. But we could increase current duration on initial position of welding to solve this question. It could be better that if the preheating was treated at initial position of welding on work piece. And then we could obtain the goal that a stable weld depth. This study got two optimization cases under rotating speed of rotary table at 2 rpm and 3 rpm by changing process parameters. It could increase current duration on initial position of welding or increase current value of tungsten bar to get enough welding depth. But we had to do preheating treatment for work piece before TIG welding under rotating speed of rotary table at higher speed (3 rpm). Hence, a stable welding depth could be obtained at high rotating speed utilizing the preheating treatment on workpiece.
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HUANG, ZHI-HAO, i 黃稚豪. "Analysis for Manufacturing of High Crown Aluminum Alloy Wheels by Rolling Method". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/785f82.
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碩士大葉大學
自行車創新產業碩士專班
107
In study target to improve the high crown aluminum alloy , and explore the possible occurrence of various aspects of process . Generally, the method of manufacturing a low crown aluminum wheel frame is relatively easy, but when the crown height aluminum wheel frame is higher than 40 mm, the product is prone to defects dents will resulting in poor yield of the finished product. The research hopes that the paper results can improve the product manufacturing technology, and thus achieve the improvement of the finished product yield, and even the ability of the OEM to become OBM. In this study, the aluminum alloy material used was 6061, and the software was used in the ANSYS dynamic module.Setup material is used bilinear isotropic , because we don’t consider ultimate strength.In addition, the mechanical properties of the material are obtained according to the tensile test ASTM E8 method. Plasticity resolve method used Finite Element Method . Study uses Computer Aided Design to explore the rolling wheel diameter rolling angle combines it with the three-point arcing . The optimum roller diameter wheel set is obtained to improve the defects.
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Hsu, Hsiu-Hua, i 許秀華. "The Simulation Analysis for Cornering Bending and Radial Tests of Aluminum Alloy Wheels". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74578041761798103779.
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碩士逢甲大學
自動控制工程所
100
The standard testing conditions are slightly different from domestics now, they have include the three tests which includes impact test, cornering bending fatigue test and radial fatigue test. This study will be using ANSYS Workbench, finite element analysis software, for cornering bending test and radial test of truck wheel. As technology advances in recent years, performance requirements for the car have also improved. The original wheels produced by iron material and then transform it into aluminum alloy wheels, which material performance is light, corrosion resisting, cooling resisting and good working quality. Otherwise, the manufacturing technology of heavy truck wheel is more difficult, and the loads of trucks are more heavier than other vehicles. Therefore, there still sell iron wheel on wheel market. We except that the material of wheels could be transformed into aluminum alloy, which can improve the technique in producing but also reduce wheel’s weight and gasoline consumption. Since this study is using software for cornering bending and radial test of truck wheels by ANSYS Workbench. They can predict the maximum strain location and the maximum stress location. Besides, this study can provide the simulation results for actuality test of strain gauges required adhesive position. The simulation for radial test reduces the combinatorial model, and computing time. The simulation results also provide manufacturers to develop new wheels to correction the wheels of shape, size, and parameters for solving the difficulties of the practical measurement. In addition, it is also useful for legal inspection of wheels.
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YEH, AN-NI, i 葉安妮. "Applying Multi-skilled workers assignments to Aluminum Alloy Wheels Factories for Job Improvement". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5q85np.
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碩士國立虎尾科技大學
工業管理系工業工程與管理碩士班
106
In Taiwan, Aluminum Alloy Wheels has a complete midstream and downstream automotive parts manufacturer. In addition, it is internationally recognized for its technology and quality. In order to respond to market changes, Taiwanese auto industry has changed from mass production into small amount of refined and customized production. However, as China's demand rises, the cost of upstream raw materials has surged and traditional manufacturing industries are facing severe challenges. This study uses the value stream mapping （VSM） of Lean Production method to draw a status quo analysis and find out the waste of manpower and equipment in the production process of the aluminum ring factory. In order to improve these unnecessary costs and expends, we introduced multi-skilled workers to fill the needs of different processes, enhance self-fulfilment of employees and flexibility of workstation support. The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between production capacity and staffing, provide a complete employee training, adjust the priorities of each workstation staff's skills and fill the training status in the multi-skilled training table to reduce idle time of workers and factory's labor costs. This study introduced multi-skilled workers to the manufacture section, allowed workers to support other workstations during idle time by work rotation. Case improvements are divided into two parts: reducing the number of workers at the roughing station and reducing idle time of processing station. As a result, 5 workers reduced, 40.8% of the idle time reduced. Staff effectiveness will be significantly improved.
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LIN, JIN-TING, i 林晉霆. "Research and development of automatic surface treatment technology for automobile aluminum alloy wheels". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p6ydqf.
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碩士中原大學
機械工程研究所
107
Vacuum sputtering is an important surface treatment technology for modern industry. Compared with traditional electroplating technology, it has advantages in maintenance, impact resistance, surface strength testing and so on. Other advantages of sputtering technology, including environmental friendliness and light weighting, can improve the quality of the product. In recent years, the cooperatives of this research have successfully developed multi-layer metal film sputtering technology on rims, creating a variety of colored surfaces, which has aroused the interest of consumers and gradually opened up the market and become an innovative product. Due to the different colors and styles of the wheel frame, it is necessary to manually replace the shielding jig and adjust the position and angle, which is a waste of human resources. Therefore, this study uses a robotic arm and image recognition technology to create a smart automated production line for manufacturers. The main purpose is not only to save manpower, but also to strengthen the competitive advantage of manufacturers. In this study, a set of intelligent automated production lines was established using image recognition, robotic arm control, fixture design, and LoRa communication. The line is accepting a small number of diverse production models. Through image recognition, the rim type, deflection angle and offset position can be obtained. Then take the appropriate jig with the robot arm and place it on the wheel frame. The purpose of the fixture is to create a metallic shield effect when entering the sputtering chamber. Since different types of rims may have different numbers, the fixture must not only be sufficiently prepared, but also reusable. To this end, the production line is equipped with different feeding lines, so that the fixture can be continuously replenished. With this production line, it is possible to observe the processing of the fixture and the flow of data as the basis for the actual production of the factory.
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JIUN-KAI, HE, i 何浚愷. "Developing the design guide for spoke’s cross section of aluminum alloy automobile wheel based on finite element analysis". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49swbb.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
製造科技研究所
105
In order to reduce the energy consumption on vehicle, every automobile manufacturer focuses on the development of lightweight car. Therefore, reducing the weight of structure under the suspension spring becomes the first objective. In addition to lightweight in mass, aluminum alloy wheels are also designed to be stylish, durable and strong in strength in or-der to pass the requirements of various tests. In the development of products, the tri-al-and-error process can be time consuming. Under the premise of shortening the develop-ment time, this study uses the finite element analysis software to simulate the impact test and the cornering fatigue test (CFT) of the aluminum alloy wheel designs. Different shapes and designs of the wheels available in the market with different numbers and patterns of spoke are analyzed and compared. Then, in accordance with the obtained force resultants in the cross-section the spoke cross section design guide is proposed and discussed. In this study, the comparison between the analysis result and strain gauge measurement in the im-pact test and the cornering fatigue test shows a difference of less than 20%. The use of analysis software to calculate the resultant forces and redesign the spoke according to the proposed design guide, the wheel weight can be reduced from 8.1 kg to 7.5 kg, a weight saving about 7%. Generally speaking, if wider and flatter spoke shape is used, more effec-tive in weight saving can be achieved.
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CHIANG, CHIN-TI, i 江縉媞. "The Development of Manufacturing Processes for Aluminum Alloy 6069 Wheels with High Rim Depth". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u2w4p6.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士大葉大學
工業工程與管理學系
106
The purpose of this study is the development of manufacturing process for aluminum alloys 6069 wheels with high rim depth. Due to the aluminum wheels with high rim depth in the production process often buckling phenomenon, which will result in low yield rate. With the achievement made in this study, in the future, it may improve the domestic material application and process technologies, as well as obtain the capability of industrial upgrade and innovative design. In this study, the CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) software, ANSYS was used to analyze. Firstly, we discuss the variation of the drag coefficient and the stiffness of the different height rim depth, when the wheels have a better high rim depth, its with lower resistance and better rigidity. After that, that reseach uses Deform 3D to simulate aluminum extrusion forming, so as to improve the parameters of extrusion forming. Finally, the ANSYS Transient is used to explore the forming parameters in the process of bending wheel. This study can help to understand the changes of wheel structure, and further promote the improvement of metal wheel process technologies and wheel product quality.
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Wu, Shang-Chieh, i 吳尚杰. "Simulating the performance tests for aluminum wheels and establishing an automated failure modification system". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73175008561247601731.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士元智大學
機械工程學系
91
Disc wheels intended for normal use on passenger cars have to pass three types of tests before going into production: the dynamic cornering fatigue test, the dynamic radial fatigue test and the impact test. For wheel manufacturers, the most important thing is how to find the optimal design while the wheels are still able to pass the required structural performance tests. This thesis simulated these three tests by ANSYS and developed a friendly user interface by MATLAB in which users can operate easily and do the analysis correctly. Further, this thesis successfully combined the results of simulation and the historical test datas and developed a practical and reliable tool by using the failure probability to precisely predict whether the wheels can pass the tests. After that, this thesis classified all strategies commonly used to modify wheel design that failed in the tests. Sensitivity analysis for these strategies on different characteristic wheels are used to test the effect of these strategies. Finally, using the strategies that were found effective, this thesis established an automated failure modification system by fuzzy logic toolbox for each test and integrated all three tests. Using this system, the wheel design engineers can get the right modification directions and quantities to modify the wheels when the prediction is fail.
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Tai, Sheng-yu, i 戴勝裕. "The Marketing Strategy in Emerging Markets---A case of Marketing an Aluminum Wheels in Vietnam". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08972471514734728057.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士國立高雄大學
國際高階經營管理碩士在職專班(IEMBA)
100
Followed in the BRICS (BRICS, Brazil, Russia, India and China) after the VISTA (Vietnam, Indonesia, South Africa, Turkey, Argentina) in the five countries, Taiwanese business people have the advantage of opportunity of Vietnam. Because Vietnamese government had “economic innovation” from 1986, began with the world economy, investment and opening up foreign-funded enterprises since 1988. In order to promote and enhance the economic development of southern Vietnam that has become the first choice for foreign capital to invest. Vietnam is an emerging country, has a Worldwide No. Four on motorcycle market following by China、India and Indonesia. The total volume was 3.5 million on 2011. The case company is a manufacturing of the Aluminum wheels for motorcycle, then install on Honda、Yamaha、Suzuki、Piaggio and VMEP motorcycle, 60% of Aluminum wheels business coming from OEM, 30% comes from the aftermarket. Due to the competitor from China used the low cost strategy to bit the market. Case company wants to through this research to find out a best practice on marketing strategy to gain the Vietnam market share and also forward to ASEAN market in the future. The study found that Vietnam and Taiwan’s cultures are similar and there are many opportunities for development, much like the early stage of Taiwan economic take off period. Product and Place are the winning marketing strategies. For Place, company can choose the right target market, by the big cities of distribution supplier to proceed. For Product, company need to be self-product quality improvement and take the difference of product sales, to cater to local customers. Successfully marketing the case in order to provide Taiwanese business development in Vietnam reference and suggestions and hope that this research can bring to the strain of the Vietnam marketing can improve their competitiveness and sustainable management.
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Shieh, Mei-Hui, i 謝美惠. "The Study on Collaborative Knowledge Management in Aluminum alloy wheels Industry ：Adopting Web Service technology". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79194187117860308207.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士中原大學
資訊管理研究所
91
A corporate must have core knowledge to sustain its business. The core knowledge is the basic knowledge for companies to manage their business. When facing competition pressure, basic knowledge will become power to drive a company and keep the company from being weeded out. Knowledge management involves more than technology alone, it involves scope of management. Therefore, both of technology and management must be integrated together for an efficient knowledge management. This study discusses development, accumulation, and sharing of organization knowledge. To meet users practical requirements, and through high efficient introduction of collaborative knowledge management system processes system adjustment, amendment and on-line assistance to help relative persons use information technology and existing internal web. By doing so, the knowledge can be gathered, exchanged. Meanwhile product of accumulated knowledge and experience can be converted to the relative knowledge, which help the company to improve R&D, manufacturing technology or service. To use collaborative knowledge management system accumulates, exchanges knowledge, and increase operation flexibility in organization. At the same time, it will enable individual knowledge to convert into the foundation of organization knowledge. In addition, with individual participation, collaborated organizations can make individual knowledge become explicit and expanded. Thus, explicit organization knowledge can build up tacit knowledge in the organization and turn to a decision-making basis for individual. Web Services is an independent platform service. Through the help of URL, application programs can access service provided by any computer systems in Internet. No matter what kind of platform or application program the other party is used, following standard protocols, both parties can be communicated. In view of the feature of platform independence, software programmer can post the designed web services in the Internet, which is accessible by other application program. Besides, other developer can re-use those existing service to establish distribution application program without wasting much time in re-designing software components with similar function. A solution through Web Services can be made by means of integrating internal information system in an organization, or developing a system integration project to be implemented in different sections or subsidiaries. Furthermore, it can be linked up to the service provided by other companies. Users can access to internal and external information and project of product solution free of time and place limitation. It helps enhance service quality, customer satisfaction and employment identification. In addition, it provides corporate culture and environment of knowledge sharing and creation.
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Wang, Meei Rong, i 王美蓉. "The Study of Competitive Advantage between Flexible Process Flow and Supplier Integration –A Case Study of Aluminum Alloy Wheel Manufacturer of A company". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a6cdtm.
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碩士健行科技大學
國際企業經營系碩士班
103
A competitive-advantage company always has higher average-profit rate than other competing films. Obviously, the high average-profit rate is promoted by some key factors which primarily constitute business-model of the company. The key factors are the right choice of conceived strategy, proper control of cost, and efficiency and flexibility of work flow. According to the resource-based view (RBV), the competitive-advantage of a film lies primarily in the application of a bundle of rare, intangible and inimitable resources, and immovable assets at the firm''s disposal. Meanwhile, intangible work-flow plays the key role in this competition because it is invisible and inimitable for other films. Furthermore, the establishment and maintenance of consolidated supply chain network make this team much competitive and keep other out-of-network firms being lagged far behind. This study is based on qualitative research method to explore how the domestic aluminum alloy wheel manufacturer A could make much profits than other companies during this unstable economic era where many firms moved abroad because of being losing profits. We found Company A reduces production cost and increases efficiency of product line by streamlining its work flow, keeping inner training, improving quality assurance level and flexibly arranging product process. And, based on network theory, we found that by mutual confidence and seamless cooperation between supply chains in solving problems also make Company A streamlined inner work flow much easier. Based on above two theories, we found why company A could keep its competitive advantage than other firms.