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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Alumina wheel"
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Matsuo, T., i K. Nakasako. "Selection of Grinding Wheels for the Snagging of Steels and Cast Iron". Journal of Engineering for Industry 109, nr 2 (1.05.1987): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3187110.
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The selection of proper grinding wheels in snagging is an important problem with relation to the automation of this grinding process. In this study, a snagging test under constant load has been made on SUJ 2 bearing steel, 304 stainless steel, and FCD 45 cast iron, using a specially made grinding machine of 40KW. The grinding wheels used were regular alumina, sintered white alumina, 25 percent zirconia-alumina, and silicon carbide resinoid wheels, where wheel diameter is 455 mm. Wheel speed was 67 m/s and work’s traverse speed was 60 mm/s. A 1.0 m long plate workpiece of constant width was used to keep pressure constant during grinding. This experiment allowed the metal removal rate, the wheel wear rate, G-ratio and grinding force to be determined. Thus the effect of wheel type and wheel grade on grinding performance was evident and the selection of the proper wheel has been discussed.
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Jiang, Xiaoyang, Ke Liu, Mingda Si, Maojun Li i Pan Gong. "Grinding Force and Surface Formation Mechanisms of 17CrNi2MoVNb Alloy When Grinding with CBN and Alumina Wheels". Materials 16, nr 4 (19.02.2023): 1720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041720.
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The 17CrNi2MoVNb alloy is widely used for manufacturing heavy-duty gears in vehicles’ transmission systems, where grinding is a significant process affecting gears’ working performance and service life. This work comprehensively analyzed the grinding force, surface morphology, and surface roughness when grinding 17CrNi2MoVNb alloy using alumina and CBN grinding wheels. Results showed that the maximum normal grinding force from the CBN wheel was only ~67% of the one from the alumina wheel. Due to the small size and limited cutting depth of CBN grains, the grinding force increased by about 20% when the grinding depth increased from 0.02 to 0.03 mm for CBN grinding wheels. Surface defects, including cavities and material tearing, were mainly found on the ground surface when using an alumina grinding wheel. The surface roughness Ra recorded from the CBN grinding wheel mainly ranged from 0.263 to 0.410 μm, accounting for less than 40% of the one from the alumina grinding wheel. The information from this work could provide benchmark data and references for optimizing grinding tools and parameters when manufacturing gears in the vehicle industry.
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Chen, Mei, Feng Zhang, Jian Yun Shen, Hua Guo i Xi Peng Xu. "Slot Grinding of Advanced Ceramics with Brazed Diamond Cut-Off Wheels". Solid State Phenomena 175 (czerwiec 2011): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.175.52.
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Based on the analysis of problems of diamond cut-off wheels used in slot grinding of ceramics at present, a brazed diamond cut-off wheel was produced and analyzed. Two typical advanced ceramics, alumina and silicon nitride, were used as the workpiece materials. In the experiments of slot grinding of ceramics, grinding ratio, wear process of the wheel and grinding quality of the work were studied. Experimental results showed that the brazed diamond cut-off wheel obtained good grinding ratio and abrasive resistance. The surface roughness of ground silicon nitride was better than that of alumina.
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Zhao, Zheng Cai, Jiu Hua Xu, Yu Can Fu i Zhi Wei Zhang. "Creep Feed Grinding of Ni-Based Superalloy with Micro-Crystalline Ceramic Alumina Wheels". Advanced Materials Research 797 (wrzesień 2013): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.511.
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This article studies the performance of ceramic grinding wheel made of micro-crystalline alumina in the creep feed grinding of nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718. The effects of abrasives and specific pore volume on the performance of wheels are experimentally discussed. Grinding force and temperature were measured and analyzed during grinding tests. The surface roughness was used to describe the quality of ground surfaces. The results indicate that the micro-crystalline alumina SG abrasive wheel with large specific volume has good grinding properties when grinding Inconel 718 in comparison of the wheels with PA abrasives or SG abrasives of small specific pore volume.
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Li, Zheng, Wen-Feng Ding, Chang-Yu Ma i Jiu-Hua Xu. "Grinding temperature and wheel wear of porous metal-bonded cubic boron nitride superabrasive wheels in high-efficiency deep grinding". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, nr 11 (3.12.2015): 1961–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405415617928.
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High-efficiency deep grinding experiments of Inconel 718 nickel-based superalloy was carried out with the porous metal-bonded cubic boron nitride superabrasive wheel, in which the uniform and large pores were formed by the broken alumina bubble particles in the working layer after wheel dressing. Grinding temperature, energy partitioning into workpiece, and wheel wear were investigated. Results obtained show that long maintenance of low grinding temperature, that is, 50 °C–170 °C, is obtained in high-efficiency deep grinding with the porous metal-bonded cubic boron nitride wheel. The energy partitioning into the ground workpiece is ranged from 2% to 6%, which is smaller than that with the conventional vitrified cubic boron nitride wheels and alumina abrasive wheels. Sufficient storage space for chips and coolants contributes to the excellent performance of the porous metal-bonded cubic boron nitride wheel in high-efficiency deep grinding. Abrasion wear and grain fracture are the dominant wear patterns of the porous cubic boron nitride wheel in the steady wear stage, while chips loading and grain pullout play a critical role in the final dramatic wear behavior of the porous wheel.
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Mindek, R. B., i T. D. Howes. "Slot and Vertical Face Grinding of Aerospace Components". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, nr 3 (1.07.1996): 620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816693.
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Workpiece profile accuracy, wheel wear, and thermal damage were investigated for the grinding of slots and vertical faces on MAR-M-247, Inconel 713C, and M-2 tool steel using both alumina and cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheels. It was found when grinding with alumina wheels that the wheel corner and first 2.5 mm of the grinding wheel sidewall account for all the grinding forces in the vertical, horizontal, and transverse directions, and therefore is responsible for all the significant grinding done on the sideface of the workpiece. Since previous work links wheel wear and workpiece thermal damage during grinding to grinding forces, this finding suggests that the area around the wheel corner is the critical region of importance in grinding these types of profiles in terms of wheel wear and the heat input to the workpiece. These, in turn, are linked to workpiece profile accuracy and metallurgical damage. Results also show that striation marks inherent in sidewall grinding can be minimized by controlling the maximum normal infeed rate of the wheel. A method for minimizing the heat input into the workpiece by minimizing grinding force during vertical face grinding is also reported.
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Chen, Zhen Zhen, Jiu Hua Xu, Wen Feng Ding i Chang Yu Ma. "Grinding Characteristics of Porous Composite-Bonded CBN Wheels". Advanced Materials Research 797 (wrzesień 2013): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.516.
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Based on the orderly distribution alumina bubbles in working layer the porous composite-bonded CBN wheels were fabricated and grinding experiments of nickel-based alloy were carried out in comparison of the vitrified counterpart. Results show that the grinding force decreases and increases respectively with the increasing wheel velocity and depth of cut. The specific grinding energy reduces graduately from 465 to 93 J/mm3when the maximun underformed chip thickness increases from 0.4 to 1.7 μm. Compared to the vitrified CBN wheel, the grinding forces, temperatures and specific grinding energy of the porous composite-bonded CBN wheel are always lower than that of the vitrified one. Its attributed to the graphite lubricating and alumina bubbles pore-forming effects. The larger chip storage space, sharper grit edge and less adhesion on the wheel surface surpport the advantages of the porous CBN wheel.
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Morgan, M. N., W. B. Rowe, S. C. E. Black i D. R. Allanson. "Effective thermal properties of grinding wheels and grains". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 212, nr 8 (1.08.1998): 661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405981515923.
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The thermal properties of the grinding wheel are required for energy partitioning in grinding. This paper describes an investigation of the effective thermal properties of alumina and cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheels. Results are presented for a novel sensor that was designed to measure the bulk thermal properties of grinding wheel samples. The effective bulk thermal properties of the grinding wheel and the effective thermal properties of the abrasive grains were also investigated. It was found that the bulk thermal property is dominated by the properties of the bond and does not account for the improved thermal performance of CBN compared with alumina. Values of the effective thermal conductivities for alumina and CBN abrasive grains are therefore proposed. It is concluded that the effective thermal conductivity of the grains is best obtained inversely from grinding experiments.
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Godino, Leire, Iñigo Pombo, Jose Sanchez i Borja Izquierdo. "An Original Tribometer to Analyze the Behavior of Abrasive Grains in the Grinding Process". Metals 8, nr 7 (20.07.2018): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8070557.
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Manufacturing of grinding wheels is continuously adapting to new industrial requirements. New abrasives and new wheel configurations, together with wheel wear control allow for grinding process optimization. However, the wear behavior of the new abrasive materials is not usually studied from a scientific point of view due to the difficulty to control and monitor all the variables affecting the tribochemical wear mechanisms. In this work, an original design of pin-on-disk tribometer is developed in a CNC (Computer Numerical Control) grinding machine. An Alumina grinding wheel with special characteristics is employed and two types of abrasive are compared: White Fused Alumina (WFA) and Sol-Gel Alumina (SG). The implemented tribometer reaches sliding speeds of between 20 and 30 m/s and real contact pressures up to 190 MPa. The results show that the wear behavior of the abrasive grains is strongly influenced by their crystallographic structure and the tribometer appears to be a very good tool for characterizing the wear mechanisms of grinding wheels, depending on the abrasive grains.
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Zhang, Fei Hu, Kai Wang, Peng Qiang Fu i Meng Nan Wu. "Research on Grinding of Silicon Particles Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites with High Volume Fraction". Advanced Materials Research 1017 (wrzesień 2014): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1017.98.
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With silicon particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites with high volume fraction becoming a new hotspot on research and application in the aerospace materials and electronic packaging materials, the machinability of this material needs to be explored. This paper reports research results obtained from the surface grinding experiment of silicon particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites using black silicon carbide wheel, green silicon carbide wheel, white fused alumina wheel and chromium alumina wheel. The issues discussed are grinding force, surface roughness, the comparison of different grinding wheels, the micro-morphology of the work piece. The results showed that the grinding force was related with the grinding depth and the grinding wheel material, the grinding force was increasing as the grinding depth growing. The surface roughness was between 0.29μm and 0.48μm using the silicon carbide wheel. The surface of the work piece had concaves caused by silicon particles shedding and grooves caused by the grains observed by the SEM and CLSM.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Alumina wheel"
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Ruzzi, Rodrigo de Souza [UNESP]. "Aplicação de fluido de corte pela técnica MQL com limpeza do rebolo de alumina na retificação do aço ABNT 4340". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148979.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Em meio à atual busca por adequações dos processos produtivos em função da saúde humana e preservação do ambiente, sem abrir mão da preocupação com os custos e a qualidade dos produtos, é preciso pesquisas a tentar novas técnicas de lubri-refrigeração eficientes como alternativas às convencionais. Assim, busca-se técnicas modernas que possam substituí-las, nesse sentido, a técnica MQL (Mínima Quantidade de Lubrificante) vem sendo uma alternativa pois utiliza baixo fluxo de óleo com ar em alta pressão, diminuindo a quantidade de resíduos gerados no processo. A técnica de MQL já se consolidou no mercado como solução para determinadas operações de usinagem como a de torneamento, porém encontra dificuldades no processo de retificação devido à formação de uma “borra” de óleo com cavacos que se forma na superfície do rebolo prejudicando os resultados do processo. A fim de superar este desafio, foi desenvolvido um sistema de ar comprimido para promover a limpeza da superfície do rebolo através da retirada da camada de borra ou resíduo que se impregna a ele durante o processo de retificação com MQL. Assim, o presente trabalho visou a análise do desempenho dos fluidos biodegradáveis LB 1100 (óleo puro) e BIOCUT 9000 (diluído em água na proporção de 1:5) aplicados a zona de corte via técnica de MQL com um sistema auxiliar de limpeza da superfície de corte do rebolo, em relação à técnica convencional. Os ensaios de retificação cilíndrica externa de mergulho foram realizados no aço endurecido ABNT 4340 utilizando um rebolo convencional de óxido de alumínio. Foram avaliados três avanços radiais distintos, 0,25, 0,50 e 0,75 mm/min. O desempenho da técnica MQL com sistema de limpeza foi avaliado com base nos parâmetros de rugosidade, desvios de circularidade, potência de usinagem, desgaste diametral do rebolo, microdureza e micrografia. Os resultados mostraram que a usinagem com a técnica MQL com o sistema de limpeza da superfície do rebolo e fluido LB 1100, de modo geral, proporcionou um desempenho superior às demais técnicas nas mesmas condições analisadas, apresentando peças sem danos, com os melhores valores de Rugosidade (Ra) e desvios de circularidade e com o menor consumo de potência e rebolo, ressaltando o potencial do uso desta técnica no processo de retificação.
Currently seeking for suitability of the production processes due to the preservation of the environment and human health, without abandoning the concern with cost and quality of products, research is needed to try new efficient cooling-lubrication techniques as alternatives to conventional ones. Thus, modern techniques are sought to replace them, in this way, the MQL (Minimum Quantity of Lubricant) technique has been an alternative because it uses low oil flow with high pressure air, reducing the amount of waste generated in the process. The MQL technique has already consolidated itself in the market as a solution for certain machining operations such as turning, but it encounters difficulties in the grinding process due to the formation of an oil slurry with chips that forms on the surface of the grinding wheel, damaging the results of the process. To overcome this challenge, a compressed air system has been developed to promote the cleaning of the grinding wheel surface by removing the layer of sludge or residue which is impregnated thereto during the grinding process with MQL. Thus, the present research had as objective the performance analysis of the biodegradable fluids LB 1100 (pure oil) and BIOCUT 9000 (diluted in water in a ratio of 1:5) applied to the cutting zone through the MQL technique with an auxiliary cleaning system of the grinding wheel cutting surface, in relation to the conventional technique. External cylindrical plunge grinding trials were performed on AISI 4340 hardened steel using a conventional aluminum oxide grinding wheel. Three distinct feed rates were evaluated: 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mm/min, respectively. The performance of the MQL technique with the cleaning system was evaluated based on the parameters of roughness, roundness error, grinding power, diametric wheel wear, microhardness and micrograph. The results showed that the machining with the MQL technique with the grinding wheel cleaning system and the fluid LB 1100, in general, provided the best performance in relation to the other techniques in the same analyzed conditions, presenting parts without damages, with the best values of roughness (Ra) and roundness error and with the lowest expenditure of power and wheel wear, highlighting the potential of the use of this technique in the grinding process.
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Woodin, Craig Thomas. "Effects of dressing parameters on grinding wheel surface topography". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53104.
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Grinding is a critical manufacturing process and is often the only alternative when producing precision components or when machining brittle materials such as ceramics. Characterizing and modeling the surface finish in the grinding process is a difficult task due to the stochastic nature of the size, shape and spatial distribution of abrasive grains that make up the surface of grinding wheels. Since the surface finish obtained in grinding is a direct function of the wheel surface topography, which is conditioned by a single point dressing process, understanding the effects of dressing parameters on the wheel topography is essential. Therefore, the main objectives of this thesis are: 1) to experimentally characterize the three-dimensional surface topography of a conventional grinding wheel including attributes such as the abrasive grain height distribution, grain geometry and spacing parameters and their respective statistical distributions, 2) to determine the effects of single point dressing conditions on the three-dimensional wheel surface topography parameters and their distributions, 3) to model and simulate the three-dimensional wheel surface topography, and 4) to experimentally validate the wheel topography model. In this research, new and existing characterization methods are used to characterize the wheel surface and the individual abrasive grains. The new techniques include the use of X-ray micro-tomography (μCT) to obtain a better understanding of the grinding wheel's internal micro-structure, and a focus variation based optical measurement method and scanning electron microscopy to characterize previously ignored attributes such as the number of sides and aspect ratio of individual grains. A seeded gel (SG) vitrified bond conventional grinding wheel is used in the study. A full factorial design of single point wheel dressing experiments is performed to investigate the effects infeed and lead dressing parameters on the grinding wheel surface topography. A custom wheel indexing apparatus is built to facilitate precision relocation of the grinding wheel surface to enable optical comparison of the pre- and post-dressing wheel surface topography to observe wheel surface generation mechanisms such as macro-fracture and grain dislodgement. Quantitative descriptions of how each dressing parameter affects the wheel surface characteristics are given in terms of the wheel surface roughness amplitude parameters (Sp, Ssk, Sku) and areal and volume parameters (Spk, Sk, Vmp, Vmp, Vvc, Smr1) derived from the bearing area curve. A three-dimensional wheel topography simulation model that takes as input the abrasive grain height distribution and the statistical distributions for the various abrasive grain geometry parameters is developed and experimentally validated.
The results of wheel characterization studies show that the actual abrasive grain height distribution in the SG wheel follows a beta distribution. The μCT work shows that the abrasives are polyhedral in shape, as opposed to the spherical or conical shapes commonly assumed in grinding literature. Grain spacing is found to follow a beta distribution while the number of sides of the grain and the grain aspect ratio are found to follow the gamma and the Weibull distribution, respectively. The results of the dressing study show that the lead dressing parameter has the strongest effect on wheel topography. Using statistical distributions for the key parameters (e.g. grain height, number of sides, grain spacing), a stochastic three-dimensional model is developed to simulate the wheel surface topography under different dressing conditions. The resulting model is shown to yield realistic results compared to existing models mainly due the fact that additional abrasive grain geometry parameters and more realistic assumptions of the different grain attributes are used in the model. It is shown that the model follows the overall wheel surface topography trends during dressing but has difficulty in accurately simulating some of the wheel characteristics under specific dressing conditions. The thesis then concludes with a summary of the main findings and possible future research avenues including extending the model to rotary dressing and simulation of wheel-workpiece interaction.
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Williams, Lyle. "Mechanisms of inclusion filtration and fluidity using prefil measurement on Al-7Si-0.4 Mg alloy melt report [thesis] submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, April 2005". Full thesis. Abstract, 2005. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/WilliamsL.pdf.
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Wei, Xiaodan. "Thermal mechanical analysis of interfacial behavior in aluminum alloy wheel casting process". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46024.
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The focus of this project is to improve the understanding of the interfacial heat transfer behavior within the Low-Pressure Die Casting (LPDC) process, which is the main manufacturing process for A356 aluminum alloy wheels, and to develop an improved methodology/expression for calculating the heat transfer across the wheel/die interface. To formulate and assess expressions for the interfacial behavior, a 2D-axisymmetric coupled thermo-mechanical model has been developed in the commercial finite element package, ABAQUS. The model was capable of predicting the thermal history, deformation and the variation of the air gap and pressure along the wheel/die interface.
The temperature predictions of the coupled thermo-mechanical model were compared with temperature measurements obtained at Canadian Auto Parts Toyota Inc obtained on a production die. A displacement measurement setup using a high temperature eddy current displacement sensor was designed and tested in a lab setting but not employed in a plant trial due timing issues.
Initially, the coupled thermo-mechanical model was run with a temperature dependent interfacial heat transfer coefficient to obtain preliminary air gap and pressure behavior at various locations. Comparisons with the thermocouple measurements suggest that the model is able to generally qualitatively, and at some locations quantitatively, predict the temperature changes from the main physical phenomena occurring during the casting process.
The preliminary air gap and pressure predictions were used to develop a temperature, gap size and pressure dependent interfacial heat transfer coefficient based on literature review. The interfacial heat transfer coefficient was implemented in the model, and was found to improve the agreement between the model predictions and measured temperatures, but was prone to numerical convergence issues.
A new methodology of incrementally changing the interfacial heat transfer coefficient has been proposed to solve the issues. The methodology was implemented in an EXCEL spreadsheet to test it and the calculated interfacial heat transfer coefficients were found to be continuous, reflecting the effects of air gap and pressure evolution. The methodology and corresponding algorithm should be further developed for use in an ABAQUS model in the future.
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Duan, Jianglan. "Development of a numerical optimization methodology for the aluminum alloy wheel casting process". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57699.
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Aluminum alloy wheel manufacturers face on-going challenges to produce high quality wheels and increase production rates. Improvements are generally realized by modifying the wheel and die designs and continually improving the manufacturing processes. Conventionally, these improvements have been realized by trial-and-error, building on past practice or experience. This approach typically results in long design lead times, high scrap rates and less than optimal production rates. The work presented in this study seeks to reduce the reliance on trial-and-error techniques by developing a new methodology to optimize the wheel casting process through the combination of a casting process model and open-source numerical optimization algorithms. The casting process model utilized in this method was developed in the commercial finite element package Abaqus™ and was validated through plant trials. An open source optimization module Python Scipy.optimize has been employed to perform the optimization. The work focuses on optimizing the cooling conditions in a low-pressure die-casting (LPDC) process used to produce automotive wheels. Specifically cooling channel timing was selected because of the critical role heat extraction plays on casting quality, both in terms of dendrite cell size and the formation and growth of porosities. The methodology was first developed with a series of test problems ending with an L-shaped geometry that employed the major features of the wheel casting process. The most suitable approach, based on the test problems, was then applied to the optimization of a 2-D axisymmetric prototype wheel die structure. The outcome revealed that numerical optimization coupled with a state-of-the-art process model has the potential to dramatically improve the method of determining cooling channel timings while also improving the product quality and process performance. The utility of the optimization methodology was found to depend on the accuracy of the casting process model. Significant challenges remain before widespread implementation of this methodology can occur in industry. Possible directions for further developments have been identified. In summary, this study represents one of the initial applications of a numerical optimization methodology to wheel casting, and that with further development; it will become an effective tool for process and die design optimization.Applied Science, Faculty of
Materials Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Bhatnagar, Mohit. "Mathematical modeling of the fatigue life following rim indentation test in aluminum alloy wheels". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/19188.
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The volume of components manufactured from cast aluminum alloys in both the aerospace and automotive industries has seen a tremendous rise in the past 10 years. In the automotive industry, cast wheels also provide aesthetically appealing designs for the consumers, which is an important factor for their increased demand. The cyclic nature of in-service loading in some applications makes fatigue performance a key design consideration. Manufacturers use standardized testing procedures (SAE J328) to assess the fatigue life of wheels for regular driving or cornering conditions. Recently, a leading North American wheel manufacturing company has begun testing the radial fatigue life of wheels following rim indentation. The development of this test has highlighted the need for a tool to support the wheel design process that is capable of predicting the fatigue life of cast components following permanent deformation.
A considerable amount of research work has already been conducted on establishing the effects of microstructure and casting defects on the fatigue life of cast aluminum alloy A356. However, there has been limited work published on the effects of initial plastic deformation on the fatigue life of cast alloy A356. Thus, the current research project aims to quantify the effects of initial plastic strain on the fatigue life of automotive wheels manufactured from A356. Specifically, the research aims to enhance the understanding of the impact of rim indentation on the fatigue life of a wheel.
A finite element model was developed to predict the deformation occurring during application of a static load during the rim indentation test. The residual stress distribution occur¬ring after the T6 heat treatment process was used as an input to the rim indentation model. The model was then extended to calculate the stress state of the wheel under radial fatigue test conditions. Lab-scale experiments were performed to characterize the fatigue behavior of alloy A356 following different amounts of pre-strain (plastic strain). This data was used to develop an empirical relationship to relate the fatigue life to initial plastic strain and the cyclic stress state. Industrial-scale rim indentation and radial fatigue tests were used to validate the overall model predictions.
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Duan, Jianglan. "Physical and computational models of free surface related defects in low-pressure die-cast aluminum alloy wheels". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/38862.
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The difference of die filling, which can be characterized by the free surface flow behavior, has a strong influence on the quality of casting components. In the case of cast aluminum alloy wheels, an undesired filling pattern with excessive turbulence can cause portions of the surface oxide film to be entrained within the bulk liquid resulting in defects such as cosmetic paint-pops, hot tears, porosity and rim-leaks.
To investigate the influence of die filling on defect formation in low-pressure die-cast aluminum wheels, a water analogue physical model was built, instrumented and tested to simulate the free surface behavior during die filling of a low-pressure die-cast (LPDC) wheel. The physical model contains a transparent planar die section which was manufactured out of the geometry of a production die, and an automatic pressure control system that achieves liquid feeding conditions similar to the industrial process. A set of die filling tests with different venting conditions was carried out to explore the role of venting on the free surface behavior of water and to produce data for validation of a computational model. The computational model was developed, based on the commercial computational fluid dynamics code ANSYS CFX, for the purposes of predicting the flow conditions during die filling, providing qualitative and quantitative flow information that are otherwise not possible to obtain through experimental measurement, and identifying key features that influences the flow during die filling at a lower cost of time and labor.
Comparison between the experimental and numerical data has shown that the computational model was able to qualitatively reproduce the flow behavior observed in the water model in the conditions tested. Both the experimental and the model results indicate that the entrainment of surface oxide films and air bubbles could occur at the outboard rim flange during the filling of the flange, below the free surface of the returning waves in the spoke and at the junction of the hub and the spoke during the filling of the hub. Venting conditions have been proved crucial and the importance of vent design in commercial die design was highlighted.
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Cione, Francisco Carlos. "Medidas de tensões residuais por extensometria em componentes usados no setor da mobilidade". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-06032013-150024/.
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Muitas especificações de engenharia, procedimentos de fabricação, inspeção e controle de qualidade já começam a exigir que a análise da tensão residual de determinado componente seja avaliada. Isto está se tornando tão corriqueiro quanto às exigências referentes às propriedades mecânicas. No país existem poucos laboratórios de pesquisa qualificados para execução destes ensaios e também é constatada uma preocupante falta de mão de obra qualificada. A relevância do estudo e pesquisas em tensões residuais, ressalta para o desenvolvimento científico, tecnológico e inovação nos processos de fabricação de componentes para a indústria. Novos ferramentais e instrumentações para a investigação de microestrutura dos materiais, disponíveis em laboratórios de pesquisas tanto em instituições governamentais como em instalações privativas necessitam de pesquisadores habilitados o que está associado à formação de pessoal especializado dedicado a medidas de tensões residuais, ao desenvolvimento de procedimentos experimentais e técnicas de preparação de amostras que envolvam extensometria. A tensão residual, em componentes metálicos e ligas, tem origem em decorrência de processos de fabricação (fundição, tratamento térmico, usinagem, conformação mecânica) pelo qual se obtém a conformação estrutural do componente desejado. Estudar a formação e arranjo dos campos de tensões residuais podem permitir, entre outros ganhos, a elaboração de simulações por modelagem matemática mais refinada. Assim pode-se inferir, com maior detalhamento o comportamento destes componentes somando ganhos na resiliência à fadiga, sobrevida, segurança e redução de custo operacional de equipamentos e máquinas. O uso de extensometria na investigação de tensões residuais em rodas na industria automotiva contribuirá para a formação de uma maior base de dados que permitirá obter softwares de simulação FEM, com melhor índice da relação com modelagem matemática com o componente físico real.Many engineering specifications, manufacturing procedures, inspection and quality controls have begun to require that the residual stress analysis of a particular component is evaluated. This is becoming as common place as the demands on the mechanical properties. In the country there are few research laboratories qualified to perform these tests and also found a disturbing lack of skilled labor. The relevance of the study and research on residual stresses, stresses the development of science, technology and innovation in manufacturing components for the industry. New tools and instrumentation for the investigation of microstructure of materials available in research laboratories both in governmental institutions such as private facilities in need of qualified researchers which is associated with the training of specialists dedicated to measurements of residual stresses, the development of experimental procedures and sample preparation techniques involving gages. The residual stress in metal and alloy components arises as a result of manufacturing processes (casting, heat treatment, machining and mechanical forming) by which to obtain the structural form of the desired component. Study the formation and arrangement of residual stress fields may allow, among other gains, the development of mathematical modeling simulations more refined. Thus it can be inferred, in more detail the behavior of these components by adding gains in resilience to fatigue, survival, security and operational cost reduction of equipment and machinery. The use of strain gage in the investigation of residual stresses in automotive wheels contribute to the formation of a larger database that will allow for FEM simulation software, with a better index of mathematical modeling with respect to the real physical component.
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Andrade, Ricardo Bega de [UNESP]. "Efeito da refrigeração do ar comprimido utilizado em MQL (mínima quantidade de lubrificante) aplicado ao processo de retificação". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151460.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O processo de retificação é um processo de usinagem por abrasão que visa principalmente obtenção de superfícies com baixa rugosidade e tolerância dimensional estreita. Essa combinação é possível por causa das múltiplas arestas de corte sem geometria definida que removem material da peça em pequenas penetrações de trabalho. Contudo é um processo que apresenta problemas para a peça, devido à elevada geração de calor. Este calor pode causar alterações metalúrgicas, dentre outras. Por esta razão é necessário utilizar fluido de corte para refrigerar a zona de retificação. Ao mesmo tempo é preciso buscar uma produção mais sustentável em relação à técnica de lubri-refrigeração convencional. Esta técnica vem sendo substituída por outras que visam redução de custo e redução e/ou eliminação do impacto ambiental, sem prejuízos para qualidade da peça. Uma técnica de lubri-refrigeração que vem substituindo a técnica convencional competitivamente é a técnica de Mínima Quantidade de Lubrificação (MQL), que é bem difundida em processos de usinagem com geometria de corte definida (por exemplo, torneamento, fresamento e furação) e com resultados promissores também em processos de retificação. Entretanto, pelo fato da técnica MQL ser menos estudada no processo de retificação, seu desempenho ainda apresenta algumas restrições devido à sua baixa eficiência de refrigeração, que pode ocasionar danos térmicos à peça. Neste sentido, a realização deste trabalho consistiu em substituir o ar à temperatura ambiente do MQL por um ar a menor temperatura. Foi retificado o aço ABNT 4340 temperado e revenido com rebolo convencional de óxido de alumínio. Os experimentos foram realizados para as três diferentes técnicas de lubri-refrigeração (convencional, MQL e MQL com ar frio [MQL+AF]), com velocidade de corte igual a 30 m/s e com velocidade de mergulho variada em três graus de severidade (0,25; 0,50 e 0,75) mm/min. Para promover a redução da temperatura do ar misturado ao MQL, foi utilizado um sistema de refrigeração de ar por tubo de vórtice, visando aumentar a eficiência na retirada de calor do processo. Foram analisadas como variáveis de saída, a viscosidade relacionada ao fluido de corte utilizado nas técnicas MQL, a rugosidade (Ra), circularidade e integridade microestrutural relacionadas à peça, o desgaste relacionado ao rebolo e a potência de retificação relacionada ao processo. As técnicas MQL, nas duas formas de aplicação, apresentaram desempenho superior à técnica convencional. A técnica MQL+AF, mesmo com o ar frio atuando na retirada de mais calor da zona de retificação, apresentou desempenho geral inferior à técnica MQL, devido à influência exercida pela viscosidade do fluido à menor temperatura de aplicação.
The grinding process is an abrasion machining process that is mainly aimed at obtaining surfaces with low roughness and narrow dimensional tolerance. This combination is possible because of the multiple cutting edges without defined geometry that remove material from the workpiece at small work penetrations. However, it is a process that presents problems for the workpiece, due to the high generation of heat. This heat can cause metallurgical changes, among others. For this reason it is necessary to use cutting fluid to cool the grinding zone. At the same time it is necessary to seek a more sustainable production compared to the conventional lubri-cooling technique. This technique has been replaced by others that aim at cost reduction and reduction and/or elimination of environmental impact, without any damage to the quality of the part. A lubri-cooling technique that is replacing the conventional technique, competitively, is the Minimum Quantity of Lubricant (MQL) technique, which is well diffused in machining processes with defined cutting geometry (for example, turning, milling and drilling) and with promising results also in grinding processes. However, due the MQL technique is less studied in the grinding process, its performance still presents some restrictions due to its low cooling efficiency, which can cause thermal damage to the part. In this sense, the accomplishment of this work consisted in replacing the air at the ambient temperature of the MQL by air at a lower temperature. The quenched and tempered ABNT 4340 steel was ground with conventional aluminum oxide grinding wheel. The tests were carried out for three different lubri-cooling techniques (conventional, MQL and MQL with cold air [MQL + AF]), with a cutting speed of 30 m/s and a plunge speed varied in three degrees of severity (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75) mm/min. To promote the reduction of the temperature of the air mixed to the MQL, a vortex tube air cooling system was used aiming to increase the heat removal efficiency of the process. As output variables were analyzed the viscosity related to the cutting fluid used in MQL techniques, the roughness, roundness and microstructural integrity related to the workpiece, the wear related to the grinding wheel and the grinding power related to the grinding process. The MQL techniques, in both forms of application, presented superior performance to the conventional technique. The MQL+AF technique, even with the cold air acting to remove more heat from the grinding zone, presented worst general performance than the MQL technique, due to the influence exerted by the viscosity of the fluid at the lower application temperature.
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Chun-Hua, Chan, i 詹俊華. "Optimal Design of Aluminum Alloy Wheel". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96895305255103443240.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
機械與精密工程研究所
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In this study, Taguchi method and finite element analysis software, ANSYS, was used to carry wheel rim optimization analysis. First, Pro/Engineer was used to create wheel rim geometry model and calculated the weight of wheel rim, then the model was imported to ANSYS to simulate the wheel rim stress under loading. In the study, four design parameters, wheel rim section, wheel rim claws, number of fixed holes and the shape of the wheel rim lightweight were used to explore the main factors affecting stress and weight and investigate the best combination of parameters. The results show that the optimum parameters for style “a” wheel rim section, 8 claws wheel rim, 6 claw fixed holes, and lightweight style “z” model. The optimal deign stress is 34.87Mpa. The main factors that affect stress is the wheel rim claws, followed by wheel rim section. Taguchi method and ANSYS analysis can indeed save product development costs, and get a better design results.
Książki na temat "Alumina wheel"
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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for New Aluminum Wheels for Cars and Light Trucks. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.
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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for New Aluminum Wheels for Cars and Light Trucks. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Alumina wheel"
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Nandam, Srinivasa Rao, A. Venugopal Rao, Amol A. Gokhale i Suhas S. Joshi. "Grindability and Surface Integrity of Nickel-Based Cast Superalloy IN-738 by Vitrified Alumina Wheel". W Advances in Forming, Machining and Automation, 325–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9417-2_26.
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Mukhopadhyay, Manish, Souvik Chatterjee, Pranab Kumar Kundu i Santanu Das. "Effect of Dressing Infeed on Alumina Wheel During Grinding Ti–6Al–4V Under Varying Depth of Cut". W Advances in Forming, Machining and Automation, 551–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9417-2_46.
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Kocaturk, Onur, Fatih Yasin Elagoz i Ali Kara. "Optimization of Rigidity of Aluminum Alloy Wheels". W Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Fracture Fatigue and Wear, 814–19. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0411-8_73.
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Okuyama, Shigeki, Takayuki Kitajima i Yui Akinori. "Grinding Performance of a Grain-Arranged Diamond Wheel against Industrial Pure Aluminum". W Advances in Abrasive Technology IX, 33–38. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-416-2.33.
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Wang, Qiang, Mu Meng, Xubin Li i Zhimin Zhang. "Investigation of Forward–Backward–Radial Extrusion Process of Aluminum Alloy Wheel Hub". W Forming the Future, 1055–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_88.
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Kunimine, Takahiro, Motoko Yamada, Hisashi Sato i Yoshimi Watanabe. "Fabrication of Aluminum Alloy-Based Diamond Grinding Wheel by the Centrifugal Mixed-Powder Method for Novel Machining Technology of CFRP". W ICAA13: 13th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys, 189–94. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118495292.ch29.
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Gartner, Josef, Kathrin Grätz, Achim Gembatzki i Markus Huber. "Development of a Forged-Equivalent Aluminum Wheel with the Mubea Cast Forging (MCF) Method". W Proceedings, 378–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64550-5_22.
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Duan, Jianglan, Daan M. Maijer, Steve L. Cockcroft, Carl Reilly, Ken Nguyen i Dominic Au. "Modeling of Die Filling of Low-Pressure Die-Cast Aluminum Alloy Wheels". W Supplemental Proceedings, 177–84. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118357002.ch24.
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Habrat, Witold, Wojciech Skóra, Jolanta B. Królczyk i Stanisław Legutko. "Effect of Modification of Mono-crystalline Corundum Grinding Wheel on Cutting Forces in Grinding of Aluminum Alloy 7075". W Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 276–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16943-5_25.
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Kunimine, Takahiro, Motoko Yamada, Hisashi Sato i Yoshimi Watanabe. "Fabrication of Aluminum Alloy-Based Diamond Grinding Wheel by the Centrifugal Mixed-Powder Method For Novel Machining Technology of CFRP". W ICAA13 Pittsburgh, 189–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48761-8_29.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Alumina wheel"
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Victor Christy, John, Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad i Jaber Abu Qudeiri. "Tribological Analysis of Squeeze Stir Cast Recycled Aluminum MMC’s". W ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-62819.
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Abstract In this work, squeeze stir casting was used to produce recycled Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (MMC’s) plates. Scrap Aluminum Alloy Wheel (SAAW) was used as a matrix and alumina as reinforcement. The produced recycled MMC plate was subjected to abrasive and sliding wear using a Two-body abrasion tester and Pin-on-Disc tester with a load of 20 N. To improve the wear resistance of the recycled MMC, graphite (1% to 4%) and SiC (3% and 6%) were added to alumina, and the results were compared. The results showed that the addition of graphite and SiC to alumina decreased the wear rate and frictional forces compared to using alumina alone as reinforcements. Also, wear rates and frictional forces further reduced by increasing the percentage of graphite to 4%, whereas increasing the SiC content increased the wear. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis and microstructure analysis was conducted on these samples. These results confirmed that graphite and alumina exhibited better bonding to the SAAW matrix than SiC. Since this recycled Aluminum MMC achieves a cleaner production process, it has great industrial potential, including applications in the piping industry, and its tribological properties can be boosted using graphite (4% by wt.) with alumina (5% by wt.) as reinforcements.
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Christy, John Victor, Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad i Ramanathan Arunachalam. "Sustainable Manufacturing and Optimization of Squeeze Stir Cast Rods Using Recycled Aluminum and Alumina Reinforcements". W ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21788.
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Abstract This work focusses on the production of sustainable metal metrics composites MMCs. The scrap aluminum alloy wheel (SAAW) was used as a metrics and alumina is used as a reinforcement. The process parameters (namely squeeze pressure and time, die preheating temperature and stirrer speed) were optimized using Taguchi method to produce the alumina reinforced-aluminum matrix composites (AMCs). These stir-casted composites were characterized based on their hardness, tensile and compression strengths and wear/tribological properties. The results showed that addition of alumina to aluminum matrix has improved the mechanical and tribological performance. From, Taguchi analysis the optimized 9 approaches (L1 to L9) were obtained and, L5 and L6 methods showed optimum mechanical properties with 100 MPa squeeze pressure, 30 to 40 sec squeeze time, 250 to 350°C die preheating temperature and 450 to 525 rpm stirrer speed process parameters. It was found that properties are process parameters dependent. The produced AMCs have many potential industrial applications including applications in piping industry.
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Christy, John Victor, Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad i Ramanathan Arunachalam. "Mechanical and Tribological Evaluation of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite Pipes Fabricated by Gravity and Squeeze Stir Casting". W ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93857.
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Abstract Aluminum metal matrix composites (MMC) find many industrial applications due to its high strength, zero corrosion, light weight and durability. In this work, gravity stir casting and squeeze stir casting were used to produce MMC solid rods of length 21cm. LM25 grade, from scrap alloy wheel of car, was used as matrix and Alumina was added as reinforcements to improve the composite properties. The performed microstructure analysis showed a greater percentage of porosity for gravity casted samples. Brinell hardness tests recorded 61 and 56 for squeeze and gravity stir casting respectively. The analysis was further strengthened by conducting tensile test, compression test, abrasion and erosive wear tests on the casted pipe sections. Optical Microscopy images of squeeze casted Al MMC’s shows a homogenous and a condensed LM25 matrix with alumina reinforcements even at high abrasion rates. Squeeze casted samples exhibited higher hardness, tensile and compression strengths and wear resistance by keeping stirring time, and stirring speed constant. Squeeze stir casting was suggested for the production of Aluminum MMC pipes.
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Capela, P., S. F. Carvalho, S. Costa, S. Souza, M. Pereira, L. Carvalho, J. R. Gomes i D. Soares. "Wear Behavior of Grinding Wheels With Superficial Cooling Channels". W ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72319.
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Abstract Grinding wheels are used in manufacturing industry to shape and finish different types of materials. To achieve this purpose, the wear resistance of grinding materials and the capacity to promote wear on the opposing surface determine the performance of the grinding part. During the grinding operations high temperatures are developed in the wheel/piece contact which can cause several problems like working material microstructural changes, internal defects (fissures...). In the last years, superficial structured wheels have been developed in order to reduce contact temperature and improve the grinding efficiency and the quality of the produced surface. In this work, two types of channels structures were produced on the surface of a vitrified alumina abrasive composite with: hexagonal and spiral geometries (active area of 95.3 and 91.6%, respectively). The obtained composites produced were characterized in terms of physical properties (density and porosity) and geometric channel features. In order to evaluate the changes on the wear rate and surface morphology pin-on-disc wear tests were performed under lubricated conditions at constant load (20 N) and sliding speed (0.5 m.s−1), at room temperature. An alumina rod (∅5 mm) was used as counterface material creating particularly hard contact conditions. The wear rate of both mating surfaces was measured by gravimetric method. The worn surfaces were characterized by SEM analysis and the tribological results were correlated with the physical properties of the composites and the introduced cooling channels. The dominant wear mechanisms, as identified by SEM analysis, were fine scale abrasive wear of the protruding load carrying particles, which is featured by the formation of wear flats, together with debonding of ceramic particles from the composite contact surface. Comparing with traditional wheels (without cooling channels), a decrease of the wear rate on disc side of 35 and 42% was obtained for, respectively, spiral and hexagonal channel geometries. On the alumina opposite counterface, the wear rate increases 10 and 47% for, respectively, hexagonal and spiral geometries. A significant improvement on the abrasive performance (a wear rate decreases on the abrasive wheel and an increase on the counterface) was achieved with the addition of the two types of channel geometries. The best combination of results (composite and counterface) was obtained for the spiral configuration of the cooling channels (grinding ratio of 0.86).
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Dedmon, Steven, i James M. Pilch. "The Development of Residual Micro-Stresses Surrounding Various Inclusion Types in Wheel Steel". W ASME 2009 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2009-18009.
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Non-metallic inclusions are known to have deleterious affects on fatigue resistance of steels and other metals and alloys. Non-metallic inclusions reduce fatigue life by changing the micro-stresses in the vicinity of a propagating crack. But, some non-metallic types have a greater affect on fatigue life than other, more benign non-metallic types. Residual micro-stresses surrounding a non-metallic inclusion is proposed as one solution as to why these differences exist. Specifically investigated were the non-metallic types of Alumina, Silica and Manganese Sulfide — all of which are found to some extent in AAR M-107/M-208 Class C wheel steel.
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Niemi, K., J. Hakalahti, L. Hyvärinen, J. Laurila, P. Vuoristo, L. M. Berger, F. L. Toma i I. Shakhverdova. "Influence of Chromia Alloying on the Characteristics of APS and HVOF Sprayed Alumina Coatings". W ITSC2011, redaktorzy B. R. Marple, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima i A. McDonald. DVS Media GmbH, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2011p1157.
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Abstract In order to improve both corrosion and wear resistance of standard plasma sprayed alumina coatings chromia alloyed feedstock powders and high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying as an alternative process were used in this work. Alumina and alumina-chromia powders with different chromia contents (27% and 50%-mass., but with different amount of (Al,Cr)2O3 solid solution formed) were deposited by TopGun HVOF spraying and atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The coatings were evaluated by optical microscopy, microhardness measurements, XRD and SEM. Abrasion wear resistance of the coatings was tested with the rubber-wheel abrasion test. Corrosion characteristics of the coatings were evaluated by exposure tests at 85 °C for 310 hours at low and high pH conditions. The amount of dissolved elements in solution, as analysed by ICP, was found to be a direct indication of the corrosion resistance of the coatings. Coatings deposited by TopGun HVOF spraying resulted in a denser microstructure, higher microhardness and significantly improved abrasion wear resistance as compared to corresponding coatings deposited by APS. For the tested conditions, corrosion resistance of both APS and HVOF-sprayed alumina coatings was low but significantly improved by chromia addition for both spray processes. However, the content of chromia addition alone does not allow to draw conclusions on the effectiveness of this measure.
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Keshavarz Panahi, Ali, Hossein Khoshkish i Mostafa Rezaee Saraji. "Wear Resistance of Hard Coatings in Powder Injection Molding (PIM)". W ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24590.
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The degree of machine wear decisively determines the economic feasibility of powder injection molding. According to higher hardness of alumina powders (ca. 2000HV), manufacturing of ceramic components via PIM requires hard wear resistance equipments to overcome the wear phenomena. The wear test is based on the ASTM rubber wheel but the rubber wheel is replaced by a steel wheel of the same grade used in the barrel of an injection molding machine. The potential of hard coatings for wear protection in feedstock processing units is investigated in the present study. Model wear tests were carried out to demonstrate the tribological situation inside the screw/barrel system of extruders and injection molding machines. The substrate material was AISI 4140 steel which is used for PIM machine components. Hard coatings prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) offer a good opportunity for wear protection. Due to higher temperature of feedstock and compression, the amount of wear in the metering zone is higher in comparison with other zones. The wear behavior also was strongly influenced by the characteristics of the feedstock (e.g. amount, size, shape and hardness of ceramic particles).
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Altuncu, E., i F. Ustel. "Solid Abrasive Wear Behavior of Cr3C2-20(NiCr) Deposited by HVOF". W ITSC 2014, redaktorzy R. S. Lima, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, G. Mauer, A. McDonald i F. L. Toma. DVS Media GmbH, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2014p0899.
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Abstract This study assesses the abrasive wear resistance of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings produced by HVOF spraying. Abrasion tests were conducted in a three-body solid-particle rubber-wheel test rig using silica and alumina grits under different loads. The results indicate that abrasion performance is controlled by cohesion between splats, which can be further improved. The removal of carbide particles was the main wear mechanism and is controlled by the content and size of the Cr3C2 particles. It is shown that the abrasive wear resistance of carbide-based cermet coatings is significantly higher than that of mild steel.
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Nie, Xueyuan, Ran Cai, Jingzeng Zhang i Jimi Tjong. "Alumina-coated Brake Discs with Intention for Reduced Non-exhaust Emission and Increased Ride Comfort of Electrical Vehicles". W EuroBrake 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/5555629eb2021-mds-002.
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Regenerative brake, disc coatings or pad formulations with new tribology aim to avoid generating brake wear particulates on one hand. On the other hand, vacuum and filter systems aim to collect the particulate matter for disposal. This paper will briefly describe the non-exhaust emission (NEE) and corrosion issues of brake systems of electrical vehicles (EV). The methods reported for NEE reduction will then be concisely reviewed. A new cost-effective coating technology, called PEA (plasma electrolytic aluminating), will be particularly presented in this talk for fighting NEE where alumina-coatings are prepared on commercial cast iron brake discs. Brake dynamometer test results show the coatings can increase friction levels and reduce wear for both brake discs and pads. The coatings can greatly increase corrosion/rust resistance. A car test also shows that the coated discs can reduce the braking distance and make wheel rims much cleaner. The better driving comfort and modulation should result from more consistent friction forces and less stick-slip problems during each brake event, which is a very important performance factor for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving systems of EV. It is expected that the coated discs may last as long as the lifespan of passenger cars. Therefore, the sapphire coatings would benefit the brake system in terms of better sustainability and environmental friendliness.
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Ballo, F., R. Frizzi, M. Gobbi, G. Mastinu, G. Previati i C. Sorlini. "Numerical and Experimental Study of Radial Impact Test of an Aluminum Wheel: Towards Industry 4.0 Virtual Process Assessment". W ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67703.
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The paper deals with a numerical and experimental study of the radial impact test of an automotive aluminum wheel. The final aim is the confident virtual execution of the test in view of a pervasive digitalization of the aluminum wheel production process. A finite element based model is developed. The model includes tire, wheel, striker and supporting structure. The actual structure of the tire is modeled. Tire damping is included through a Rayleigh model. The Rayleigh’s parameters are experimentally identified. The wheel material inhomogeneity is taken into account by assigning different stress/strain curves to wheel rim and spokes. The material curves have been experimentally measured considering specimens extracted from three different regions of actual wheels. The dynamic impact test is simulated by means of a nonlinear explicit solver. Experimental tests on an impact test bench have been realized to validate the developed model. Accelerations during the impact test are measured on the striker. The impact force at the striker is measured by two load cells. The deformation of the wheel is measured by strain gauges located at the most critical areas of the wheel rim and spokes. A good agreement between measured and simulated quantities is obtained. An accurate model of the impact test is now available including a digital representation of the qualification process of aluminum wheels.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Alumina wheel"
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Fukuda, Yukihide, Masahiko Nakagawa i Toshimitsu Suzuki. Development of HPDC Alloy for Motorcycle Wheel Using Recycle Aluminum. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, październik 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9111.
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