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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Altered tunings”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 26 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Altered tunings"

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Li, Wen-Wu, Timothy D. W. Claridge, Qiuhong Li, Mark R. Wormald, Benjamin G. Davis i Hagan Bayley. "Tuning the Cavity of Cyclodextrins: Altered Sugar Adaptors in Protein Pores". Journal of the American Chemical Society 133, nr 6 (16.02.2011): 1987–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja1100867.

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Chen, Chia-Chin, Yikai Yin, Stephen Dongmin Kang, Wei Cai i William C. Chueh. "Electro-chemo-mechanical charge carrier equilibrium at interfaces". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, nr 41 (2021): 23730–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp02690a.

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Chen, Chia-Chin, Yikai Yin, Stephen Dongmin Kang, Wei Cai i William C. Chueh. "Electro-chemo-mechanical charge carrier equilibrium at interfaces". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, nr 41 (2021): 23730–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp02690a.

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Roh, Jinsook, Randall F. Beer, Andrew Lai, Monica Rho, Kristopher R. Karvelas, Antoun M. Nader, Mark C. Kendall i William Z. Rymer. "The Effects of Selective Muscle Weakness on Muscle Coordination in the Human Arm". Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2018 (19.09.2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5637568.

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Despite the fundamental importance of muscle coordination in daily life, it is currently unclear how muscle coordination adapts when the musculoskeletal system is perturbed. In this study, we quantified the impact of selective muscle weakness on several metrics of muscle coordination. Seven healthy subjects performed 2D and 3D isometric force target matches, while electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from 13 elbow and shoulder muscles. Subsequently, muscle weakness was induced by a motor point block of brachialis muscle. Postblock subjects repeated the force generation tasks. We quantified muscle coordination pre- and postblock using three metrics: tuning curve preferred direction, tuning curve area, and motor modules analysis via nonnegative matrix factorization. For most muscles, the tuning direction for the 2D protocol was not substantially altered postblock, while tuning areas changed more drastically. Typically, five motor modules were identified from the 3D task, and four motor modules were identified in the 2D task; this result held across both pre- and postblock conditions. The composition of one or two motor modules, ones that involved mainly the activation of shoulder muscles, was altered postblock. Our results demonstrate that selective muscle weakness can induce nonintuitive alternations in muscle coordination in the mechanically redundant human arm.
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Gold, Joshua I., i Eric I. Knudsen. "Hearing Impairment Induces Frequency-Specific Adjustments in Auditory Spatial Tuning in the Optic Tectum of Young Owls". Journal of Neurophysiology 82, nr 5 (1.11.1999): 2197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.5.2197.

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Bimodal, auditory-visual neurons in the optic tectum of the barn owl are sharply tuned for sound source location. The auditory receptive fields (RFs) of these neurons are restricted in space primarily as a consequence of their tuning for interaural time differences and interaural level differences across broad ranges of frequencies. In this study, we examined the extent to which frequency-specific features of early auditory experience shape the auditory spatial tuning of these neurons. We manipulated auditory experience by implanting in one ear canal an acoustic filtering device that altered the timing and level of sound reaching the eardrum in a frequency-dependent fashion. We assessed the auditory spatial tuning at individual tectal sites in normal owls and in owls raised with the filtering device. At each site, we measured a family of auditory RFs using broadband sound and narrowband sounds with different center frequencies both with and without the device in place. In normal owls, the narrowband RFs for a given site all included a common region of space that corresponded with the broadband RF and aligned with the site's visual RF. Acute insertion of the filtering device in normal owls shifted the locations of the narrowband RFs away from the visual RF, the magnitude and direction of the shifts depending on the frequency of the stimulus. In contrast, in owls that were raised wearing the device, narrowband and broadband RFs were aligned with visual RFs so long as the device was in the ear but not after it was removed, indicating that auditory spatial tuning had been adaptively altered by experience with the device. The frequency tuning of tectal neurons in device-reared owls was also altered from normal. The results demonstrate that experience during development adaptively modifies the representation of auditory space in the barn owl's optic tectum in a frequency-dependent manner.
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Duru, Adil Doganay, Renhua Sun, Eva B. Allerbring, Jesseka Chadderton, Nadir Kadri, Xiao Han, Kaliroi Peqini i in. "Tuning antiviral CD8 T-cell response via proline-altered peptide ligand vaccination". PLOS Pathogens 16, nr 5 (4.05.2020): e1008244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008244.

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Rauch, Steven D., Guangwei Zhou, Sharon G. Kujawa, John J. Guinan i Barbara S. Herrmann. "Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials Show Altered Tuning in Patients with Ménière’s Disease". Otology & Neurotology 25, nr 3 (maj 2004): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00129492-200405000-00022.

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Lin, Jian-Xin, i Warren J. Leonard. "Fine-Tuning Cytokine Signals". Annual Review of Immunology 37, nr 1 (26.04.2019): 295–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041447.

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Cytokines are secreted or otherwise released polypeptide factors that exert autocrine and/or paracrine actions, with most cytokines acting in the immune and/or hematopoietic system. They are typically pleiotropic, controlling development, cell growth, survival, and/or differentiation. Correspondingly, cytokines are clinically important, and augmenting or attenuating cytokine signals can have deleterious or therapeutic effects. Besides physiological fine-tuning of cytokine signals, altering the nature or potency of the signal can be important in pathophysiological responses and can also provide novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we give an overview of cytokines, their signaling and actions, and the physiological mechanisms and pharmacologic strategies to fine-tune their actions. In particular, the differential utilization of STAT proteins by a single cytokine or by different cytokines and STAT dimerization versus tetramerization are physiological mechanisms of fine-tuning, whereas anticytokine and anticytokine receptor antibodies and cytokines with altered activities, including cytokine superagonists, partial agonists, and antagonists, represent new ways of fine-tuning cytokine signals.
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Ho, Tracey T. M., Kristen E. Bremmell, Marta Krasowska, Damien N. Stringer, Benjamin Thierry i David A. Beattie. "Tuning polyelectrolyte multilayer structure by exploiting natural variation in fucoidan chemistry". Soft Matter 11, nr 11 (2015): 2110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm02552k.

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Polyelectrolyte multilayers of fucoidan with chitosan have film characteristics that depend on the species of seaweed from which the fucoidan is extracted. Acetylation of the fucoidan (and altered molecular weight) is implicated in the formation of denser, less hydrated multilayers.
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Saul, A. B., i M. S. Cynader. "Adaptation in single units in visual cortex: The tuning of aftereffects in the spatial domain". Visual Neuroscience 2, nr 6 (czerwiec 1989): 593–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800003527.

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AbstractCat striate cortical neurons were investigated using a new method of studying adaptation aftereffects. Stimuli were sinusoidal gratings of variable contrast, spatial frequency, and drift direction and rate. A series of alternating adapting and test trials was presented while recording from single units. Control trials were completely integrated with the adapted trials in these experiments.Every cortical cell tested showed selective adaptation aftereffects. Adapting at suprathreshold contrasts invariably reduced contrast sensitivity. Significant aftereffects could be observed even when adapting at low contrasts.The spatial-frequency tuning of aftereffects varied from cell to cell. Adapting at a given spatial frequency generally resulted in a broad response reduction at test frequencies above and below the adapting frequency. Many cells lost responses predominantly at frequencies lower than the adapting frequency.The tuning of aftereffects varied with the adapting frequency. In particular, the strongest aftereffects occurred near the adapting frequency. Adapting at frequencies just above the optimum for a cell often altered the spatial-frequency tuning by shifting the peak toward lower frequencies. The fact that the tuning of aftereffects did not simply match the tuning of the cell, but depended on the adapting stimulus, implies that extrinsic mechanisms are involved in adaptation effects.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Altered tunings"

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Fiorini, Matilde [Verfasser]. "NMDARs hypofunction in parvalbumin-expressing interneurons alters oscillations and sensory tuning in mouse primary visual cortex / Matilde Fiorini". Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219903434/34.

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Książki na temat "Altered tunings"

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Loxax, Paul. Guitar Solos in Open & Altered Tunings. Wyd. 9. Mel Bay, 1998.

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Rooksby, Rikky. How to Write Songs in Altered Guitar Tunings. Leonard Corporation, Hal, 2010.

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How To Write Songs In Altered Guitar Tunings. Backbeat Books, 2010.

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Rooksby, Rikky. How to Write Songs in Altered Guitar Tunings. Leonard Corporation, Hal, 2010.

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Songwriter's Ultimate Toolbox 3-Book Boxed Set: How to Write Songs on Guitar, Songwriting Sourcebook, How to Write Songs in Altered Guitar Tunings. Hal Leonard Corporation, 2011.

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Rooksby, Rikky. Songwriter's Ultimate Toolbox 3-Book Boxed Set: How to Write Songs on Guitar, Songwriting Sourcebook, How to Write Songs in Altered Guitar Tunings. Leonard Corporation, Hal, 2011.

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Rooksby, Rikky. Songwriter's Ultimate Toolbox 3-Book Boxed Set: How to Write Songs on Guitar, Songwriting Sourcebook, How to Write Songs in Altered Guitar Tunings. Leonard Corporation, Hal, 2011.

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Rooksby, Rikky. The Songwriter's Ultimate Toolbox 3-Book Boxed Set: How to Write Songs on Guitar, Songwriting Sourcebook, How to Write Songs in Altered Guitar Tunings. Backbeat Books, 2011.

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Części książek na temat "Altered tunings"

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Puel, Jean-Luc, Marc Lenoir, Alain Uziel i Rémy Pujol. "Low Doses of Aminoglycosides Alter the Action Potential Tuning Curve Without Change in Threshold Sensitivity". W Auditory Frequency Selectivity, 153–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2247-4_18.

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Bansal, Jagdish Chand, Prathu Bajpai, Anjali Rawat i Atulya K. Nagar. "Advancements in the Sine Cosine Algorithm". W Sine Cosine Algorithm for Optimization, 87–103. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9722-8_5.

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AbstractIn the last few decades, the development and advancement of meta-heuristic algorithms have become the focus of the research community as these algorithms face various challenges like, balance between exploration and exploitation, tuning of parameters, getting trapped in local optima, and very slow convergence rate. Sine cosine algorithm (SCA) also faces similar kinds of challenges and sometimes fails to perform effectively in finding the global optimal solution. Sine and cosine are trigonometric operators with a 90$$^\circ $$ phase shift from each other. The range of sine and cosine functions lies in the range $$[-1,1]$$. Sine and cosine functions in the position update equation of SCA help solutions to perform search procedure. However, in some situations, SCA promotes similar solutions in the search space, which results in the loss of diversity in the population, and the search process is susceptible to trapping in the region of local optimum [1]. Motivated by these challenges, SCA has been modified to improve its capability and efficiency in several ways. Several strategies have been employed to alter the basic version of SCA [2], aiming to enhance its effectiveness and optimization capabilities. In this chapter, we will discuss about these modifications and strategies, which have been incorporated into the sine cosine algorithm (SCA) in past few years. Apart from this, we will briefly describe the applications of the modified versions of SCA.
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Basu, Prasanta Kumar, Bratati Mukhopadhyay i Rikmantra Basu. "Cavity quantum electrodynamics". W Semiconductor Nanophotonics, 328–69. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784692.003.0011.

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Abstract Inhibition and enhancement of spontaneous emission rate, first proposed by Purcell, is discussed in terms of altered density-of-modes in various types of solid-state cavities and the Purcell factor is derived for two-level atomic system. The conditions for observing Purcell factor and experimental findings in micropillars embedded with Quantum Dots (QD)s are discussed. The strong interaction between photons and matter in the form of QD excitons, dispersion relations for ground and excited states separated by Rabi splitting are discussed. Experimental photoluminescence spectra showing anticrossing of exciton lines and cavity lines by temperature and other tuning methods are used to illustrate the strong light-matter interaction. The Jayness–Cummins model based on second quantization is presented to point out Rabi oscillation, Purcell effect, and other novel features. Microcavity structures for observing cavity quantum electrodynamics effects are mentioned. Microcavity lasers predicting thresholdless operation for unity spontaneous emission coupling factors are discussed.
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Wolfman, Jérôme, Beatrice Negulescu, Antoine Ruyter, Ndioba Niang i Nazir Jaber. "Interface Combinatorial Pulsed Laser Deposition to Enhance Heterostructures Functional Properties". W Laser Ablation [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94415.

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In this chapter we will describe a new development of combinatorial pulsed laser deposition (CPLD) which targets the exploration of interface libraries. The idea is to modulate continuously the composition of interfaces on a few atomic layers in order to alter their functional properties. This unique combinatorial synthesis of interfaces is possible due to very specific PLD characteristics. The first one is its well-known ability for complex oxide stoichiometry transfer from the target to the film. The second one is the layer by layer control of thin film growth at the atomic level using in-situ RHEED characterization. The third one relates to the directionality of the ablated plume which allows for selective area deposition on the substrate using a mobile shadow-mask. However PLD also has some limitations and important PLD aspects to be considered for reliable CPLD are reviewed. Multiple examples regarding the control of interface magnetism in magnetic tunnel junctions and energy band and Schottky barrier height tuning in ferroelectric tunable capacitors are presented.
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Knoers, Nine V. A. M., i Elena N. Levtchenko. "Disorders of tubular electrolyte handling". W Oxford Textbook of Medicine, redaktor John D. Firth, 5112–23. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0506.

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Glycosuria—glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule is carried out by two different pairs of apical Na+-dependent (SGLT1 and -2) and basolateral Na+-independent (GLUT1 and -2) glucose transporters. Abnormalities in renal glucose transport can be seen in association with other defects of proximal tubular transport. Familial renal glycosuria is a rare autosomal recessive condition caused by mutations in the SGLT2-encoding gene, SLC5A2. Phosphate-handling disorders—the plasma concentration of inorganic phosphate depends on the balance between intestinal absorption, renal excretion, and the internal contribution from bone. Changes of serum phosphate levels can be caused by numerous inherited and acquired conditions. Disorders associated with increased urinary phosphate excretion and low serum phosphate levels produce symptoms that mainly affect the bones: rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Magnesium-handling disorders—normal plasma magnesium concentration is achieved by variation of urinary magnesium excretion in response to altered uptake by the intestine. The main site of magnesium absorption is the small bowel, via paracellular simple diffusion at high intraluminal concentrations, and via active transcellular uptake through the magnesium channel TRPM6 at low concentrations. Regulation and fine-tuning of serum magnesium concentration occurs primarily in the kidney. Genetic disorders of magnesium handling include Gitelman’s syndrome. Aminoaciduria and renal Fanconi’s syndrome—most amino acids (except for tryptophan, which is protein bound) are freely filtered by the glomerulus, after which 95 to 99.9% are reabsorbed in the proximal tubules by apical Na+-dependent cotransporters and Na+-independent cotransporters. Aminoaciduria is defined as urinary excretion of more than 5% of the filtered load of an amino acid. Renal Fanconi’s syndrome is characterized by a generalized defect of both Na+-coupled and receptor-mediated proximal tubular transport.
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Mukherjee, Saikat, Soubhik Ghosh i Arindam Bhattacharyya. "Regulation of T-reg/Th-17 Balance: One Step Closer Towards Immunotherapy Against Malaria Infection". W Plasmodium Species and Drug Resistance [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97045.

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According to World Malaria Report 2020, the rate of decline in malaria case incidence and deaths caused by malaria has ceased in latter half of the past decade. Though Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) is still the major therapeutic approach globally to treat malaria patients, increased resistance of Plasmodium sp. to artemisinin can be looked upon as a major factor responsible for the rate of decline. In the present world, immunotherapeutic approaches are in the limelight to treat several infections, autoimmune disorders, cancers but application of such therapeutic measures in case of malaria are yet not available. Among different immune cells, T-regulatory cells (T-reg) and Th-17 cells and the balance between them, helps in determining the outcome of the immune response in host during both lethal and non-lethal malaria. TGFβ and IL-6 are two major cytokines that play important role in fine tuning the Treg/Th-17 balance by modulating dendritic cell responses, specially by regulating the ratio between myeloid DC and plasmacytoid DC (mDC/pDC). Studies in rodent malaria models have revealed that neutralization of IL-6 by using anti IL-6 monoclonal antibodies in-vivo has been found effective in declining the parasitemia, malaria induced deaths and also in reverting back the altered T-reg/Th-17 balance to normal levels. Apart from these, autophagy is one of the major factors which also contributes to regulate the T-reg/Th-17 balance. In malaria infected mice, autophagy induction has been found to normalise the dysregulated T-reg/Th-17 ratio and promote anti-inflammatory Th-2 pathway by supressing pro-inflammatory Th-1 pathway. So, Treg/Th-17 balance and its associated regulators can be important immunotherapeutic targets for malaria prevention in near future.
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Altered tunings"

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Ghanekar, Alok, Yi Zheng, Laura Lin, Zongqin Zhang i Mingdi Sun. "Spectral Tuning of Radiative Heat Transfer Using Nanoparticles". W ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2016-7493.

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Microscopic thin films are known to have narrow band selective thermal radiation whch have potential applications in selective emitter and absorbers. We propose a methodology to shift the wavelength selectivity in the desired location. Calculation of emissivity and near field radiation for different materials and structures is presented. Emissivity calculations are performed using the standard expressions for Fresnel reflection coefficients. For the near field thermal radiation, we use the analytical expression for transitivity between two half spaces obtained using the dyadic Greens function formalism. We use Maxwell-Garnett-Mie theory to calculate effective dielectric function of media doped with nanoparticles. We observe that spectrum of thermal radiation in far-field and in near-field can be altered using nanoparticles. Moreover spectral properties of mixtures can be characterized using refractive indices. Influence of nanoparticle size and concentration is also studied.
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D, Suhas. "Compact Altered Current Starved CMOS VCO in 130 nm with Broad Linear Tuning and Ultra-Low Power Dissipation". W 2021 5th International Conference on Electronics, Materials Engineering & Nano-Technology (IEMENTech). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iementech53263.2021.9614913.

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Ewbank, M. D., i M. J. Rosker. "Comparison of Wide-Band Electro-Optic Frequency Tuning in LiNbO3 and KNbO3 OPO's". W Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1996.nmc.4.

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Typically, wavelength tuning in a birefringently phase-matched optical parametric oscillator (OPO) is accomplished by adjusting the angle of propagation in the nonlinear optical crystal. However, angle tuning is not the only way to alter the wavelength of an OPO; other physical mechanisms such as temperature, pressure or electric field1,2 that change the refractive indices (or more specifically, the birefringence) will induce a corresponding dispersion-compensating change in wavelength to maintain phase matching. Electro-optically tuning an OPO is particularly attractive since it is non-mechanical (does not involving any moving parts) and can be done rapidly. Previously, electro-optic tuning was used to compensate for the phase mismatch from self-heating in CD*A during second-harmonic generation.3 More recently, frequency stabilization in a doubly-resonant OPO configuration with KTP was accomplished using electro-optic tuning.4 Here, we describe the first demonstration of broadband wavelength tuning in an OPO via the electro-optic effect in LiNbO3. The method is then applied to KNbO3 since it has much larger electro-optic coefficients. A comparison of electro-optic tuning range and tuning rate for LiNbO3 and KNbO3 are also discussed.
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B, Eric, Grann, David E. Holcomb, Raymond A. Zuhr i M. G. Moharam. "Subwavelength Structured Narrow-band Integrated Optical Grating Filters". W Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/domo.1998.dmb.5.

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A unique type of narrow-band integrated optical filter is investigated based on embedding a subwavelength resonant grating structure within a planar waveguide. Current integrated narrow-band optical filters are limited by their size, density of devices that can be produced, overall performance, and ability to be actively altered for tuning and modulation purposes. In contrast, the integrated optical filters described in this work can have extremely narrow bandwidths - on the order of a few angstroms. Also, their compact size enables multiple filters to be integrated in a single high density device for signal routing or wavelength discrimination. Manipulating any of the resonant structure’s parameters will tune the output response of the filter, which can be used for modulation or switching applications.
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Kagan, David, i Harry Friedmann. "Optical Error Correction by Adaptive Thresholding". W Optical Computing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optcomp.1989.tui19.

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During the last few years we have suggested1−2 the use of a four-level system irradiated by a bichromatic beam to obtain a tunable optical bistable device. By tunable we mean that the switching threshold can be altered without changing the hardware characteristics, the operating temperature, or the frequencies of the inputs to the device. The basic principle of our suggestion is that by irradiating the non-linear optical material by two beams of appropriately chosen frequencies in an optical cavity, one can act as a signal and the other as tuning control beam. The advantage of the four level system lay in the possibility of using low power control beams which could tune the characteristic optically bistable output curves.
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Yamamoto, Brennan E., i A. Zachary Trimble. "Investigating the Feasibility of Tuning the Natural Frequency of an Electromagnetically-Transduced Energy Harvester Using Passively-Controlled Inductance". W ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7720.

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As the required power for wireless, low-power sensor systems continues to decrease, the feasibility of a fully self-sustaining, onboard power supply, has increased interest in the field of vibration energy harvesting — where ambient kinetic energy is scavenged from the surrounding environment. Current literature has produced a number of harvesting techniques and transduction methods; however, they are all fundamentally similar in that, the harmonic excitation frequency must fall within the resonant bandwidth frequency of the harvesting mechanism to maintain acceptable energy output. The purpose of this research is to investigate the potential for natural frequency tuning by means of passive electrical components, that is, using an imposed electrical inductance to adjust the equivalent stiffness, and resulting resonant frequency of a vibration energy harvester. In past literature, it was concluded that an “active” frequency tuning mechanism would be infeasible, as the power required by an equivalent “stiffening transducer” would require more power to maintain the system at resonance, than the system would actually produce as a result of maintaining resonance, i.e., a net energy loss (Roundy and Zhang 2005). It is believed that the model used in this conclusion can be improved by directly modeling changes in system stiffness as an equivalent mechanical spring, instead of an external inertial loading. Due to the conservative nature of the harmonic spring, the compliance of a harvesting mechanism can be theoretically altered without energy losses, whether the actuation is applied using “active” or “passive” means. This revised model departs from the traditional, base excitation model in most vibration energy harvesting systems, and includes additional stiffness, and damping elements, representative of induced mechanical spring, and related losses. We can validate the feasibility of this technique, if it can be shown that the natural frequency of an energy harvester can be altered, and still maintain energy output similar to its “untuned” natural frequency. If feasible, this tuning method would provide a viable alternative to other bandwidth-increasing techniques in literature, e.g., wideband harvesting, bandwidth normalizing, high-damping, etc. In this research, a change in natural frequency of the experimental energy harvesting system of 0.5 Hz was demonstrated, indicating that adjusting the natural frequency of a vibration energy harvesting system is possible; however, there are many new challenges associated with the revised energy harvesting model, related to the new introduced losses to the system, as well as impedance matching between the mechanical and electrical domains. Further research is required to better quantitatively characterize the relationship between natural frequency shift, and imposed electrical inductance.
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Pai, Mizar Shivananda, William C. S. Weir, Adam R. Klempner, Peter Hefti i Ryszard J. Pryputniewicz. "Modal Response of Polymers With SMA Ribbon Reinforcements". W ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42919.

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Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) based composites are unique because their static and dynamic characteristics can be controlled. Active modal modification and active strain energy tuning are two common techniques used to control the dynamics of SMA based composite materials. Using Active Modal Modification Technique (AMMT), the stiffness of the SMA composite can be modified by changing the temperature of the SMA. The stiffness change is a result of a reversible phase transformation, which is tempeature activated. The Active Strain Energy Tuning Method (ASETM) takes advantage of the SMA’s ability to impart forces to the structure thereby changing the stored strain energy within the composite. The result is a change in the modal characteristics of the composite material. This paper will present the results of the application of an AMMT used to modify the dynamic characteristics of an SMA composite. A rectangular example of quasi-isotropic SMA composite was used in this study. As a result of a temperature change, the stiffness of the composite changed. This change is stiffness altered the dynamic responses such as the resonant frequency of the composite. Time Average Opto-Electronic Holography (TAOEH) [6] was used to monitor the dynamic behavior of the structure. Analytical modeling was used along with the experimental results to obtain the temperature history of the composite as a result of the activation of the SMA.
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Nanjangud, Akshay, i Robert D. Gregg. "Simultaneous Control of an Ankle-Foot Prosthesis Model Using a Virtual Constraint". W ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2014-5963.

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Amputee locomotion can benefit from recent advances in robotic prostheses, but their control systems design poses challenges. Prosthesis control typically discretizes the nonlinear gait cycle into phases, with each phase controlled by different linear controllers. Unfortunately, real-time identification of gait phases and tuning of controller parameters limit implementation. Recently, biped robots have used phase variables and virtual constraints to characterize the gait cycle as a whole. Although phase variables and virtual constraints could solve issues with discretizing the gait cycle, the virtual constraints method from robotics does not readily translate to prosthetics because of hard-to-measure quantities, like the interaction forces between the user and prosthesis socket, and prosthesis parameters which are often altered by a clinician even for a known patient. We use the simultaneous stabilization approach to design a low-order, linear time-invariant controller for ankle prostheses independent of such quantities to enforce a virtual constraint. We show in simulation that this controller produces suitable walking gaits for a simplified amputee model.
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Adhikari, Rahul, Vahid Karimi i Nathan Jackson. "Passive Frequency Tuning Using Liquid Distributed Load". W ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-113197.

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Abstract Creating self-sustaining wireless sensor networks to power the Internet of Things requires universal energy harvesting systems. MEMS energy harvesters are in particular demand as they can be batch fabricated to meet the large supply demands. However, currently silicon MEMS kinetic energy harvesters are fabricated with a narrow bandwidth of 1–2 Hz, so each application requires a custom designed device which limits the advantages of batch fabrication. This paper investigates the development of a passive tuning MEMS vibration energy harvesting method that is based on distributing the load to various locations along the proof mass using a liquid load. A 3D printed proof mass with an array of cavities was developed, where each cavity could be filled with liquid to alter the resonant frequency as desired. Cavities were filled with silicone oil to validate the concept. The results illustrate tuning of the frequency with a resolution of < 1 Hz and a range of approximately 50 Hz. This method represents a passive tuning method as no power is required and the tuning can be accomplished during manufacturing so that one single universal energy harvester could be made and then tuned to meet the end user’s frequency specification.
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Masana, Ravindra, i Mohammed F. Daqaq. "Performance of a Randomly-Excited Nonlinear Energy Harvester in Mono- and Bi-Stable Potentials: An Experimental Investigation". W ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71451.

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This paper aims to experimentally investigate the influence of stiffness-type nonlinearities on the transduction of vibratory energy harvesters (VEHs) under random white and colored excitations. For the purpose of the study, an energy harvester consisting of a clamped-clamped piezoelectric beam bi-morph is considered. The shape of the harvester’s potential function is altered by applying a static compressive axial load at one end of the beam. The axial load permits the harvester to operate with different potential energy characteristics; namely, the mono-stable (pre-buckling) and bi-stable (post-buckling) configurations. The performance of the harvester in both configurations is investigated and compared by tuning the harvester’s oscillation frequencies around the static equilibria such that they have equal values in both scenarios. The harvester is then subjected to random base excitations of different levels, bandwidths, and center frequencies. The variance of the output voltage is measured across an arbitrary, purely resistive load and used for the purpose of performance comparison. Critical conclusions pertinent to the influence of the nonlinearity and relative performance in both configurations are presented and discussed.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Altered tunings"

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Eshed, Y., i Z. B. Lippman. Fine tuning the shoot and inflorescence architectures for improved tomato yield. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2022.8134148.bard.

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In this project, we are determining the contribution of different types of variations, in gene function and in gene regulation, to altered shoot architecture first, and to field performance in the next stage. We are using tomato as a target, but also as a model for many other crops. Our focus is on two different components of yield associated traits - shoot architecture and organization of the inflorescence. Our focus was on two types of regulators; 1) genes involved in florigen - antiflogen balance and the way they impact the shoot, and 2) genes involved in inflorescence branching and it this way, the way they impact the number of flowers produced by the plant. For the first class, we described our thoughts on that matter in a joint review (Eshed and Lippman, 2019) where we argued that annualization of short-lived vine plants such as tomato and soybean was their major adaptation for intensive modern farming. This annualization was achieved by introduction of mutations in the anti florigen gene SELFPRUNING, mutations that were also used to domesticate/adapt cotton, roses, strawberries and more (Eshed and Lippman, 2019). Indeed, introduction of this mutation and additional one in another antifloraigen gene SP5G into a vine type tomatoes resulted in compact, early yielding plants suitable for urban agriculture (Kwon et al., 2020 - please note that Yossi Capua, a former graduate student from the Eshed group is a coauthor of this study). The other side of this project, customized generation of large branched inflorescences, relied on ongoing collaboration between the two labs on genes like S and genes of the SEP clade, J2 and EJ2. We first showed that highly branched j2 ej2 inflorescences can be quantitatively modified by introduction of either null or naturally weak alleles of the TM3/STM3 gene cluster (Alonge et al., 2020). We next showed that variation in inflorescence branching can be obtained by customized interreference in selected promoter motifs of S, a gene that is otherwise essential at the seed stage (Hendelamn et al., 2021). Overall, our joint project provided some prime examples for targeted use of genome editing for the formation of valuable alleles that can either improve modern crops or, significantly, open the door for rapid "domestication" of orphan crops
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Yahav, Shlomo, John Brake i Orna Halevy. Pre-natal Epigenetic Adaptation to Improve Thermotolerance Acquisition and Performance of Fast-growing Meat-type Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, wrzesień 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592120.bard.

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: The necessity to improve broiler thermotolerance and performance led to the following hypothesis: (a) thethermoregulatory-response threshold for heat production can be altered by thermal manipulation (TM) during incubation so as to improve the acquisition of thermotolerance in the post-hatch broiler;and (b) TM during embryogenesis will improve myoblast proliferation during the embryonic and post-hatch periods with subsequent enhanced muscle growth and meat production. The original objectives of this study were as follow: 1. to assess the timing, temperature, duration, and turning frequency required for optimal TM during embryogenesis; 2. to evaluate the effect of TM during embryogenesis on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during four phases: (1) embryogenesis, (2) at hatch, (3) during growth, and (4) during heat challenge near marketing age; 3. to investigate the stimulatory effect of thermotolerance on hormones that regulate thermogenesis and stress (T₄, T₃, corticosterone, glucagon); 4. to determine the effect of TM on performance (BW gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, carcass yield, breast muscle yield) of broiler chickens; and 5. to study the effect of TM during embryogenesis on skeletal muscle growth, including myoblast proliferation and fiber development, in the embryo and post-hatch chicks.This study has achieved all the original objectives. Only the plasma glucagon concentration (objective 3) was not measured as a result of technical obstacles. Background to the topic: Rapid growth rate has presented broiler chickens with seriousdifficulties when called upon to efficiently thermoregulate in hot environmental conditions. Being homeotherms, birds are able to maintain their body temperature (Tb) within a narrow range. An increase in Tb above the regulated range, as a result of exposure to environmental conditions and/or excessive metabolic heat production that often characterize broiler chickens, may lead to a potentially lethal cascade of irreversible thermoregulatory events. Exposure to temperature fluctuations during the perinatal period has been shown to lead to epigenetic temperature adaptation. The mechanism for this adaptation was based on the assumption that environmental factors, especially ambient temperature, have a strong influence on the determination of the “set-point” for physiological control systems during “critical developmental phases.” In order to sustain or even improve broiler performance, TM during the period of embryogenesis when satellite cell population normally expand should increase absolute pectoralis muscle weight in broilers post-hatch. Major conclusions: Intermittent TM (39.5°C for 12 h/day) during embryogenesis when the thyroid and adrenal axis was developing and maturing (E7 to E16 inclusive) had a long lasting thermoregulatory effect that improved thermotolerance of broiler chickens exposed to acute thermal stress at market age by lowering their functional Tb set point, thus lowering metabolic rate at hatch, improving sensible heat loss, and significantly decreasing the level of stress. Increased machine ventilation rate was required during TM so as to supply the oxygen required for the periods of increased embryonic development. Enhancing embryonic development was found to be accomplished by a combination of pre-incubation heating of embryos for 12 h at 30°C, followed by increasing incubation temperature to 38°C during the first 3 days of incubation. It was further facilitated by increasing turning frequency of the eggs to 48 or 96 times daily. TM during critical phases of muscle development in the late-term chick embryo (E16 to E18) for 3 or 6 hours (39.5°C) had an immediate stimulatory effect on myoblast proliferation that lasted for up to two weeks post-hatch; this was followed by increased hypertrophy at later ages. The various incubation temperatures and TM durations focused on the fine-tuning of muscle development and growth processes during late-term embryogenesis as well as in post-hatch chickens.
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