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Lhotellier, Rémi. "Spatialisation des températures en zone de montagne alpine". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10201.
Pełny tekst źródłaMost of climatic parameters are measured at point locations, in climatological stations of an often unequal density network. However, many applications need climatic values at any point of the studied field. This PhD thesis proposes an evaluation of the uncertainty level for spatialization of temperatures in mountainous areas and a demonstration of the scale/method relation, then a quantification of the benefits of each method according to the scale of concerned applications. The subject thus includes, firstly, some developments of spatialization methods for temperatures, explaining spatial variations of temperatures: which factors work, make change the temperatures, and in which proportions? The realization of models, at various scales, is accompanied by an interpolation (reconstitution of the thermal fields by application of the previously computed models). This research includes a work on geographical information systems, and spatial variables extracted from them : land cover, relief, slope, aspect, radiation, etc), as well as a frequent use of statistical methods (univariate regressions, multivariate regressions, variance analysis, principal component analysis, etc. ) Simulations are the final step, once spatializations are finished and validations are carried out. Geographical data are mainly provided by the SEIGAD laboratory and the French National Geographical Institute, weather knowledge and data come from Météo-France (daily minimum and maximum temperatures, weather types, SAFRAN model. . . )
Vuichard, Jean-Paul. "La marge austro-alpine durant la collision alpine : evolution tectonometamorphique de la zone sesia-lanzo". Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN10129.
Pełny tekst źródłaScherrer, Pascal, i n/a. "Monitoring Vegetation Change in the Kosciuszko Alpine Zone, Australia". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040715.125310.
Pełny tekst źródłaDempsey, Edward Damien. "The kinematics, rheology, structure and anisotropy of the Alpine schist derived Alpine fault zone mylonites, New Zealand". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539562.
Pełny tekst źródłaAnders, Birte. "The pre-alpine evolution of the basement of the Pelagonian Zone and the Vardar Zone, Greece". [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976127741.
Pełny tekst źródłaAllen, Charles Edward. "Alpine Soil Geomorphology: The Development and Characterization of Soil in the Alpine-Subalpine Zone of the Wallowa Mountains, Oregon". PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5217.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuc, Laurence Duc Laurence. "Diazotrophic microorganisms in the root zone of alpine pioneer plants : populations, functions and interactions /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18327.
Pełny tekst źródłaMeisterhans, Edwin Meisterhans Edwin. "Vegetationsentwicklung auf Skipistenplanierungen in der alpinen Stufe bei Davos = Development of vegetation on levelled ski runs in the alpine zone near Davos /". Zürich : Geobotanisches Institut der ETH, 1988. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=8462.
Pełny tekst źródłaVuichard, Jean-Paul. "La marge austroalpine durant la collision alpine : évolution tectonométamorphique de la zone de Sesia-Lanzo". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675912.
Pełny tekst źródłaVuichard, Jean-Paul. "La Marge austroalpine durant la collision alpine : évolution tectonométamorphique de la zone de Sesia-Lanzo /". Rennes : Centre armoricain d'étude structurale des socles, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35058569c.
Pełny tekst źródłaToy, Virginia Gail, i n/a. "Rheology of the Alpine Fault Mylonite Zone : deformation processes at and below the base of the seismogenic zone in a major plate boundary structure". University of Otago. Department of Geology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080305.110949.
Pełny tekst źródłaGout, Claude. "Tectonique océanique et tectonique alpine dans les schistes lustrés de Haute Ubaye ( zone piémontaise des Alpes occidentales)". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00505260.
Pełny tekst źródłaBryant, Savannah Rose. "Seasonal Manganese Transport in the Hyporheic Zone of a Snowmelt-Dominated River (East River, Colorado)". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555581246053664.
Pełny tekst źródłaJackson, Katherine Sarah. "The population dynamics of a hybrid zone in the Alpine grasshopper Podisma pedestris : an ecological and genetic investigation". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288321.
Pełny tekst źródłaAillères, Laurent. "Structure et cinématique de la zone houillère briançonnaise entre Arc et Isère (Alpes francaises) : apport de l'inversion des données de la déformation finie aux modèles cinématiques classiques". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_AILLERES_L.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaJay-Robert, Pierre. "Dynamique des introgressions réciproques de la faune des scarabéides coprophages entre la zone méditerranéenne et la chaîne alpine : implications biogéographiques". Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30043.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis was divided into two parts, each corresponding to a scale of analysis of the distribution of dung beetles. Firstly, the distribution of dung beetles in france was analysed considering successively the aphodiinae, geotrupinae and scarabaeidae groups. The geographical informations were extracted from the database of the atlas des scarabeides laparosticti de france (lumaret, 1990). Whereas aphodiinae and geotrupinae showed their good adaptation to the whole french climatic conditions, most of scarabaeidae species were quartered at the mediterranean area. The study of the corsican fauna highlighted the influence of the interspecific competition on the species distribution. In the second part, the author specifically studied an altitudinal gradient along the verdon valley, which was located on the borders of the alps and the mediterranean area. In this valley, the distribution of aphodiinae, geotrupinae, coprinae and scarabaeidae was successively analysed in five sites which were representative of the regional conditions. Interestingly, the distributional patterns of dung beetles at the regional scale was very similar to what was observed at the geographical scale of france. Coprinae took advantage of the mediterranean climatic conditions to be highly represented in the communities of high altitude, but the species have been affected by the recent forest expansion. Conversely, aphodiinae and geotrupinae were more ubiquitous, and several species were favoured by the forest environment. Along the altitudinal gradient, the communities did not constitute a gradual continuum, but the communities were as mosaic, each of them reflecting microenvironmental conditions
Schertz, Maïa. "Séparation radiochimique par extraction séquentielle de transuraniens et de produits de fission : application à l'étude d'une zone alpine (Boréon, Mercantour)". Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE4087.
Pełny tekst źródłaSixties nuclear tests and Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident have spread out artificial radionuclides in the environment. Studies elements are some fission products, cesium 137 and strontium 90, and some transuranies, plutonium 238, plutonium 239/240 and americium 241. A lake and its catchment constitute the studied alpine wetland. Soil and sediments samples were collected. Radiochemical method by sequential extraction was finalized, in order to analyse all the studied elements from a unique sample, with coprecipitation steps and chromatographic resins separations. Dating cores, analysed by centimetres, describe radioelement activity concentration variations according to depth. Inventory cores study allows defining some different contamination zones and estimating the radioelement transfer. The comparison between the cores activity shows catchment runoff impact, which is very important on our study site. Indeed, the catchment runoff supply to the lake is more important than the stream supply. This comparison allows also to link organic matter level and radioelements migration. Thus a high organic matter level combined with a strong runoff favour radioelements migration from the catchment to the clearing. On the other hand, the catchment weak organic matter level zone retains strongly the radioelements. Among studied elements, cesium is the most mobile and the most important pollutant of our site. This analyse shows the great Chernobyl power plant accident contamination of our study site in fission product. Contrary to the transuranies, which came from atmospheric sixties nuclear tests
Beaudoin, Alexandre. "Signification des âges ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹ Ar le long de détachements crustaux : exemples de l'île d'Ikaria (Cyclades, Grèce) et du massif du Tende (Corse alpine, France)". Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2027/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaNumerous studies have shown the impact of deformation on the K-Ar system, and therefore ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹ Ar ages. These studies often do not provide data characterizing deformation and are limited to a comparison of the ages obtained indeformed rocks and an undeformed protolith. The first part of this study thus consisted in studying the strain distribution at different scales and finely describing strain intensity gradients. The study focused on two granitic protoliths, associated respectively with a difference in age between the formation of the protolith and the age of the tectonometamorphic events that is low (<1 Ma ; Ikaria Island) or inversely high (> 240 Ma ; Tenda massif). In the firstcase study, deformation results in a 40Ar loss in K-bearing phases, interpreted as resulting from the reduction of diffusion domains sizes which is not accentuated by an increasing strain intensity. In the second case study, the 40Arinheritance of the protolith results in fluids and extraneous 40Ar circulation through the actively deforming structures,ages in phengite being increasingly older approaching the most localizing structures in some sections, while others behave in an opposite way, more in line with the progressive strain localization in time. For both cases, interpretation of ages obtained in the newly formed phases during deformation is ambiguous between cooling, crystallization and mixing, and requires a detailed examination of the data confronted with the possible closing temperatures.Interpretations indicate for the Ikaria case study a strain localization in less than 1-3 Ma along a second order gradient of about ten meters in thickness. Strain localization at the scale of a shear zone occurs more rapidly in the case of a post-orogenic exhumation of a MCC (~ 7 Ma) than in the case of the exhumation of continental material involved in a subduction prism (~ 14-10 Ma)
Mezghani, Abdelkader. "Génération multi-sites de variables météorologiques horaires en zone alpine : application à la simulation de scénarios de crues du Rhône supérieur suisse /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=4335.
Pełny tekst źródłaMaggi, Matteo <1981>. "The role of the fluid phase in the chemico-mechanical evolution of a mid-crustal shear zone: an example from Alpine Corsica". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3773/.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuillot, Francois. "Géologie de l'Antépermien de Vanoise septentrionale (zone briançonnaise interne, Savoie, France)". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011367.
Pełny tekst źródłaL'Antépermien est d'âge inconnu. La cartographie à 1/10 000 permet d'y reconnaître une série de deux kilomètres environ de puissance. En liaison avec l'étude pétrologique, les analyses chimiques montrent une zonation chimiostratigraphique, du moins pour les nombreuses formations d'origine magmatique ou volcanique, y compris les produits de l'altération hydrothermale précoce.
Sur un possible socle polymétamorphique (micaschistes à grenats), la série antépermienne comporte 1 km de métabasites rubanées, anciens basaltes spilitiques, à niveaux subordonnés de quartz-kératophyres sodiques. La spilitisation est précoce, mais postmagmatique. Les dernières alternances acide-basique consistent en laccolites gabbro-dioritiques, et en barres de quartz-kératophyres non sodiques, très siliceux (SiO2 > 90%; silicification hydrothermale prolongée ?). Jusqu'à ce niveau, les "roches vertes" paléozoïques ont un chimisme de tholéiites pauvres en TiO2 (moins de 1,5%). Ceci, avec la spilitisation probablement sous-marine, permet de proposer un contexte de bassin marginal.
Puis viennent 1 000 m de schistes noirs (métasédiments fins riches en matière organique et en pyrite). L'albite y est abondante (4% de Na2O contre 1% de K2O) et témoigne d'influences volcaniques dominantes, avec une faible proportion d'apports sialiques. Les nombreux sills vert sombre dans ces schistes noirs ont une composition de tholéiites riches en TiO2 (2% à 2,5%), et sont ainsi analogues aux tholéiites médioocéaniques.
Par ses caractères, évoquant un contexte océanique, l'Antépermien de Bellecôte diffère du Houiller, daté et situé à l'Ouest, et du Stéphano- Permien, tous deux continentaux. Ce matériel pourrait de plus avoir été plissé avant le Permien. On peut donc voir dans la Vanoise septentrionale un socle antéhouiller, émergé au Carbonifère supérieur et parfois jusqu'au Trias. Des séries analogues existent dans les massifs voisins (Mont Pourri, Grand Bec), et dans les massifs cristallins externes. L'hypothèse d'un âge siluro-ordovicien est envisageable.
Outre un possible plissement antépermien, trois phases tectoniques alpines majeures sont distinguées. La phase 1 aurait créé un vaste pli couché à vergence N ou NE, dont le cœur est jalonné de métamylonites. La phase 2 serait celle dite de rétrocharriage, à vergence E à SSE selon les lieux. La phase 3 est caractérisée par une faible charge lithostatique, et les fortes pressions de fluides le long des accidents ont engendré des roches broyées et minéralisées (entre autres cargneules). Lors de cette dernière phase se produit le chevauchement vers le N de la Vanoise septentrionale sur la zone houillère, mouvement qui peut être relié à un vaste décrochement senestre orienté N-S, à la frontière entre le Briançonnais interne (Vanoise, à l'E) et le Briançonnais externe (zone houillère, à l'W).
Lami, Alexandre. "Le paléogène du revers oriental du massif du Pelvoux : stratigraphie, modalités de transgression, paléomorphologie, tectonique synsédimentaire et déformations alpines". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452035.
Pełny tekst źródłaRezzoug, Samya. "Utilisation d'isotopes naturels dans les familles de ²³⁸U et de ²³²Th pour une étude environnementale : impact des retombées atmosphériques du ¹³⁷37Cs dans des sols forestiers et des sédiments lacustres : application à l'étude d'une zone alpine (Boréon, Mercantour, S. E. France)". Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4060.
Pełny tekst źródłaLake sediment samples and forest soils were collected in the Mercantour massif. The uranium and thorium, vertical distributions in soils show that leaching occurred at several levels as well as precipitations from surface and/or sub-surface runoff waters. The application of Latham and Schwarcz’s equation (1987) and Moreira-Nordeman’s model (1980) confirmed thorium leaching in sub-surface soils. The 137Cs fallout in 1986, after the Chernobyl power plant accident, was evaluated by comparison with the unsupported 210Pb behaviour. The 137 Cs high activities in the soil upper layers 17 years after the Chernobyl accident as well as the activities in upper latke sediments suggest that the residence time of 137Cs in the drainage basins is long. In all the lake core, organic matter (O. M. ) profiles display a concentration break with the higher concentrations in the upper part. This break is also observed practically in the all studied radionuclides profiles, with higher or lower activities according to the radionuclides and sites. Lake emptying and scraping realized in 1991-92 are responsible for this pattern. The lower part of some sediment cores is probably constitute by underlying soil, because the O. M. Concentrations in the deep layers are similar as those of soils, and the 137Cs and 210Pb activities are negligible. During the lake emptying the correspondent sedimentary level was probably removed. The 137Cs present in the deeper layers can result from either nuclear tests (1960-63), or infiltrations from the upper layers, essentially contaminated by the Chernobyl 137Cs
Vuichard, Jean-Paul. "La Marge austro-alpine durant la collision alpine évolution tectonométamorphique de la zône Sesia-Lanzo /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376191946.
Pełny tekst źródłaMehdorn, Annick. "Hamberger Areal Oberried Leben zwischen alpiner Brache, stiller Zone und Resort /". Zürich : ETH, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Departement Architektur, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=301.
Pełny tekst źródłaClaudel, Marie-Elisabeth. "Reconstitution paléogéographique du domaine briançonnais au Mésozoïque : ouvertures océaniques et raccourcissements croisés". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00509949.
Pełny tekst źródłaMcNamara, David Daniel. "How do ecologites deform in subduction and collision zones? : an Alpine study". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511020.
Pełny tekst źródłaOuazzani-Touhami, Mohamed. "Structures et recristallisations associees dans des zones de cisaillement : nappes de mascate (oman) et nappes de frederico s.l. (rif interne, maroc)". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13198.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaudin, Thierry. "Etude Géologique du Massif du Ruitor ( Alpes Franco-italiennes) : évolution structurale d'un socle briançonnais". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00539864.
Pełny tekst źródłaRosenbaum, Gideon. "Tectonic reconstruction of the Alpine orogen in the western Mediterranean region". Monash University, School of Geosciences, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9481.
Pełny tekst źródłaGout, Claude. "Tectonique océanique et tectonique alpine dans les schistes lustrés de Haute Ubaye (zône piémontaise des Alpes occidentales)". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376055557.
Pełny tekst źródłaRandier, Céline. "L' application de la directive "habitats" dans les zones de montagne : l'exemple alpin". Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32041.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study deals with the implementation of Council Directive n. 92/42 of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora in the Alps, which are a biogeographic subregion of the Alpine biogeographic subregion. The Member States of the European Union whose territory includes part of the Alpine mountains are Austria, France, Germany, Italy and Slovenia. This Directive aims at promoting the preservation of biological diversity, especially through the creation of Natura 2000, a consistent ecological network throughout the European Union. The building of this network across the Alps will be examined, while highlighting the specificities of its implementation in this region, as well as the management of this network, that is the measures that were taken in order to protect it
Schuck, Bernhard [Verfasser], Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] Dresen i Virginia [Akademischer Betreuer] Toy. "Geomechanical and petrological characterisation of exposed slip zones, Alpine Fault, New Zealand / Bernhard Schuck ; Georg Dresen, Virginia Toy". Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218496223/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaMuñoz, J. A. "Estructura alpina i herciniana a la vora sud de la zona axial del Pirineu oriental". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669697.
Pełny tekst źródłaRose, R. V. "Structure and metamorphism of the Haast Schist and Torlesse Zones between the Alpine Fault and the D'urville Valley, South Nelson". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6703.
Pełny tekst źródłaBellanger, Mathieu. "Raccourcissement alpin du massif des Ecrins : cinématique, calendrier tectonique et conditions pression-température". Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2080/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis field-based study of the Ecrins massif (Western Alps, external zone) show that the Alpine shortening is accomodated within the basement by brittle-ductile top-to-the-west reverse shear zones (probably localized by half-graben) as well as by the thrust sheets of La Meije and Combeynot to the east of the massif. The N-S normal fault do not seems to be reactivated. These shear zones are characterized by a phengitisation of feldspars along anastomosing planes whose geometry reflect a strain gradient which explain the "basement folds" formation underlined by the geometry of Triassic teguments. The maximum temperatures reach by the cover, due to the burial under the internal nappes are close to the isotherms 335°C for a geothermal gradient close to 20-25°C.km-1 from Bourg d'Oisans to the Penninic Frontal Thrust (PFT). The shear zones were dated between 33 to 25 Ma (40Ar/39Ar on syn-kinematics phengites), suggesting that they were initiated slightly after the burial which start close to 34 Ma. The phyllonites show younger ages than mylonite; that argue a localization of the deformation along these anastomosing planes between 30 to 25Ma and traduce a weak crust. The NW-Se shortening observed alonf the PFT seems to be coeval with the E-W to NE-SW shortening of the Ecrins massif. A sinistrial transpressive diffuse shear zones between the Ecrins massif and the Ligurian Alps, which is probably a reactivated Liassic transfer zone, can explaina part of the Oligocene building kinematics of the Western Alps. During Miocence, the deformation is localized along a crustal thrust under the Belledonne massif, which has given the Vercors massif, and along the PFT, reactivated as a normal fault
Saspiturry, Nicolas. "Évolution sédimentaire, structurale et thermique d'un rift hyper-aminci : de l'héritage post-hercynien à l'inversion alpine : exemple du bassin de Mauléon (Pyrénées)". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30040.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe western Pyrenean Mauléon basin allows to discuss the tectono-sedimentary and thermal evolution of a hyperextended rift through an entire Wilson cycle. During Permian time, the western Pyrenees record the shift between N-S convergence recorded in the Pyrenean Axial Zone (310 to 290 Ma) and dominant E-W extension (290 to 275 Ma). This latter stage is responsible for a complex thermal, structural and compositional inheritance of the Pyrenean lithosphere. The preservation of the original Permian-Triassic paleogeography and structure in the “Basque Massif” indicates that there was no major east-west Mesozoic strike-slip motion between the Iberian and European plates in this part of the Pyrenees, questioning the mechanisms responsible for the opening of the Early Cretaceous North-Pyrenean rift system. The Cretaceous Mauléon hyperextended rift basin was inverted during the Alpine orogeny. Reactivation of the former rift structures leads to the formation of a lithospheric scale pop-up whose edges are characterized by differing tectonic reactivation style, localized (Iberia) vs distributed (Europe). The previously exhumed mantle acts as a buttress inhibiting the complete closure of the basin. In 3D, the N120° thrusts systems edging the pop-up are composed of different thrust segments branching into the inherited Permian N20° transfer zones, highlighting the non-cylindrical geometry of the Pyrenean structures. Permian and Cretaceous structural inheritance both control the synrift and post-collisional thermal evolution of the Mauléon basin. Synrift paleogeothermal gradients gradually increased from the margins (~ 34°C/km) to the basin (~ 60°C/km). Maximum peak temperatures are both controlled by sedimentary burial and mantle heat flow (100 mW.m-2). The different post-collisional thermal responses of the Mauléon basin pop-up edges is linked to their tectonic reactivation style. On the European margin, the postrift isotherms were passively transported onto the proximal margin (« thin-skinned »). On the Iberian margin, peak temperatures were acquired after thrusting (« thick-skinned »). The review of the hyperextended Iberian-Eurasian plate boundary basins shows that they strongly differ from classical Atlantic-type passive margins. Three main stages of continental crust thinning can be inferred to describe the evolution of this smooth-slope type extensional basin : (1) a dominant ductile thinning of the lower crust, without significant brittle deformation of the upper crust, resulting in the formation of a symmetric sag basin; (2) basinward gliding of the prerift cover along the Late Triassic evaporites; (3) hyper-extension with brittle deformation on the proximal margins and dominant ductile thinning on the hyperextended rift domain (HT/LP metamorphism)
Al, Hayek Patrick. "Roles of environmental plasticity and adaptation of nurse species from the subalpine and oromediterranean zones of the Pyrenees and the Mount-Lebanon for alpine communities structure". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0164/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlpine cushion plants are foundation species known for their nursingability. Moreover, studies have shown that morphological variation in foundationspecies can trigger variation in competitive effects on subordinate species, likely toaffect community composition. We investigated the consequences of intraspecificvariation within two alpine cushion species (Festuca gautieri and Onobrychis cornuta)across heterogeneous environments in two mountain ranges [the Pyrenees (France)and Mount-Lebanon (Lebanon), respectively] for the associated plant communities(subalpine and oromediterranean, respectively). We assessed with observationaland/or experimental (common-gardens, reciprocal transplantation experiments)approaches the relative contribution of genetics and plasticity to the morphologicalvariation between two cushion phenotypes (tight and loose) of the foundationspecies, and to their differential effects on subordinate species. Communityfeedbacks were also quantified. Our results show that both genetics and plasticitycontributed to the phenotypic variation. The genetic basis of the morphologicaldifferences between phenotypes induced heritable differences in competitive effectson subordinate species, but however counteracted the general increase incompetition with decreasing stress dominantly found in the literature on subalpinesystems. We also found negative feedbacks of subordinates on foundation speciesfitness, with higher cover of subordinate species reducing the cushions flowerproduction. Subordinate species diversity was higher in benign than in stressedenvironmental conditions. Consequently, we concluded that genetic effects overcomethe environmental effects by limiting competition in benign physical conditions, thusmaintaining a higher diversity in benign than stressed conditions
Sergeeva, Anna [Verfasser], Petra [Gutachter] Bauer i Nicole [Gutachter] Linka. "Cytokinin-promoted secondary growth and storage of high molecular weight carbon compounds in the perennial stem zone of Arabis alpina / Anna Sergeeva ; Gutachter: Petra Bauer, Nicole Linka". Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1225555744/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaLelarge, Maria Lidia Meideros Vignol. "Thermochronologie par la méthode des traces de fission d'une marge passive (dôme de Ponta Grossa, se Brésil) et au sein d'une chaîne de collision (zone externe de l'arc alpin, France)". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1993. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603209.
Pełny tekst źródłaFeng, Xiaojun. "Modélisation numérique des failles décrochantes et des effets de compression à grande échelle : cas d'étude en Afrique de l'Ouest et Nouvelle Zélande". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30311.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this thesis is to explore the role shear zones play in localization of deformation and exhumation of the lower crust by using a series of 2D and 3D thermo-mechanical numerical models using the West African Craton (WAC) and the Alpine Fault zones as study areas. With respect to the localization of deformation in the upper crust, different orientations of a system of branched strike-slip faults were studied. Under compression boundary conditions, the results show that the internal fault zones as well as the host rocks in between the faults behave as relatively weaker domains than the external regions. Under simple shear boundary conditions, we explored the process of self-organization of the Australian-Pacific plate boundary fault in southern New Zealand. The models show that deformation is focused along narrow high-strain shear zones in the centre of the model when the softening coefficients are high, whereas the strain is more diffuse with many shear zones spread over the model and possibly some high-strain shear zones focused near one border at lower softening coefficients. Regarding the role pre-existing faults and basins play in exhumation of the partially molten lower crust, 2D and 3D models with different boundary conditions were tested (including extension, transtension and compression). * Under extension, in the Eastern and Western parts of the high grade rock corridors in NW Ghana, partially molten rocks exhumed from the lower into middle-upper crustal levels are interpreted to have been dominantly facilitated by the km-scale high-strain corridors. In the central part of the Bole-Bulenga domain, the high grade rocks are interpreted to have been exhumed as a result of a coupling between two mechanisms: (1) the concentration of partially molten rocks between the Jirapa and Bole-Nangodi faults increases due to the reduction in space from north to south; (2) the concentration of lower partially molten rocks in the central part, as a result of inherited orthogonal (E-W) faults. * Under transtension, in the Sefwi terrane of SW Ghana, the Kukuom-Juaboso domain (KJD) composed of up to amphibolite-migmatite facies could result from the concentration of upwelling partially molten rocks in the relay zone between the Ketesso and Kenyase shear zones during transtension. The two shear zones probably underwent two main stages for growth and maturation from the D1 to D2 deformation phases. The regional exhumation of the high grade rocks in the Sefwi terrane probably occurred within a duration of less than 5 Ma. * Under compression, the role of volcano-sedimentary basin on spatial-temporal evolution of the lower crust exhumation was tested. The models suggest that a series of sheet-like granitoids possibly derived from either subducted mélanges, lower crust and/or mantle melting accumulated at depths of the subcontinental mantle would channel along diapirs before feeding the upper crust. When the granitoids arrive at the solidified lids of the diapirs, they would favour migrating horizontally and intruding into the upper crust through weakening zones between the diapirs. This model also suggests an asymmetry of structures between the upper and middle-lower crust, with the dome-like granitoids overlying high-grade sedimentary synforms and high-grade diapirs underlying low-grade greenstone belts
Laslaz, Lionel. "Les zones centrales des Parcs Nationaux alpins français (Vanoise, Ecrins, Mercantour) : des conflits au consensus social ? : contribution critique à l'analyse des processus territoriaux d'admission des espaces protégés et des rapports entre sociétés et politiques d'aménagements en milieux montagnards". Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAML056.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis proposes a critical approach of the functioning of the French alpine National Parks, through the analysis of the dynamics which animate for more than 40 years their central areas, strongest protective measures of the French legislative arsenal of nature conservation. The particular context of the alpine mountain supplies elements of understanding of the phenomena of refusal, even perplexity, noticed towards these Administrative Public Establishments. The thesis demonstrates how the alpine central zones have gradually and imperfectly slid by a situation of conflict towards the sketch of a search for social consensus, based on the massive use of the spatial compromise. The first part loosens the parameters of spatial segmentation which presided over the plan and over the demarcation of the alpine central zones. These last ones are conceived not as spaces of "natural" pseudo-fixedness, but as equipped territories answering a general logic of development of the mountain. The second part establishes the conflict as the mode of social construction of the relation in the protected spaces. Four entrances are privileged : the spaces of the conflicts, the actors and the roots of these conflicts. The part ends on the binomial conflict/ consensus through the representations of the "nature" appropriate for the various social groups, which tend to instrument it. The third part makes of the consensus the mode of privileged social exchange of the actors; but it is not set against the conflict, and on the contrary these last ones feed mutually, barriers separating them being unstable. Through the present various activities in central zone, this consensus is built on a compromise : economic through the consequences of the summer frequenting ; spatial with the rigorous spatial partition and the interchangeability with the skiable domains ; politics with the new trump cards which we discover to a for a long time rejected pastoralisme. The last chapter asks the question of the social acceptance of the National Parks, which try to turn to the local development. In the final the thesis joins in a questioning argued of protective measures in France
Заборін, Михайло Сергійович, Михаил Сергеевич Заборин i M. S. Zaborin. "Вплив геодинамічних зон вугленосної товщі на формування геолого-екологічних умов при ліквідації шахт". Thesis, Видавництво НГУ, 2010. http://ir.nmu.org.ua/handle/123456789/82.
Pełny tekst źródłaДиссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата геологических наук по специальности 04.00.16 – Геология твердых горючих ископаемых. Национальный горный университет, Днепропетровск, 2010 г.
Thesis for obtaining of the scientific degree of candidate of geological sciences by speciality 04.00.16 – Hard fuel minerals geology. National mining university. Dnepropetrovsk, 2010.
Дисертація присвячена вивченню особливостей геодинамічної будови вугленосної товщі та обґрунтуванню ролі геодинамічних зон у формуванні геолого-екологічних умов в межах полів ліквідованих шахт. За допомогою дешифрування космічних знімків, а також комплексу польових геологічних та геофізичних методів встановлена геодинамічна будова у межах полів ліквідованих шахт Брянківської групи (Луганська область). За результатами реконструкції полів тектонічних деформацій та напружень альпійського циклу зроблена оцінка водопроникності та ступеню активності виділених геодинамічних зон (ГДЗ). Достовірно встановлена провідна роль геодинамічної будови в розвитку негативних геолого-екологічних процесів у межах Брянківської групи шахт. При цьому масштаби їхнього прояву обумовлюються водопроникністю, особливостями будови та порядком ГДЗ. Запропоновано систему геолого-екологічної оцінки територій у межах полів ліквідованих вугільних шахт.
Диссертация посвящена изучению особенностей геодинамического строения угленосной толщи и обоснованию роли геодинамических зон в формировании геолого-экологической обстановки в пределах полей ликвидированных шахт. Путем дешифрирования разномасштабных космических снимков, а также комплексом полевых геолого-геофизических методов установлено геодинамическое строение в границах полей ликвидированных шахт Брянковской группы (Луганская область). Всего в пределах участка выделены три системы геодинамических зон (далее ГДЗ). Первая – ГДЗ с северо-восточным (СВ) простиранием 20-30о, 40-45о и перпендикулярные им структуры северо-западной (СЗ) ориентировки 290-300о и 310-320о. Вторая – 60-65о, 75-77о и 330-340о, 340-350о. Третья – субширотные (СШ) и субмеридиональные (СМ) структуры. Водопроницаемость и степень активности выделенных ГДЗ оценивались исходя из положения главных осей тектонических деформаций и напряжений альпийского цикла. Результаты реконструкции, полученные на основании обработки данных массовых замеров трещиноватости, позволили установить, что наиболее активными являются ГДЗ СШ, СМ, а также диагональной (СВ 45о) ориентировок. Наиболее проницаемыми являются структуры СЗ 340о, а также разрывы, сопряженные с крупными разломами и являющиеся отрывами. Выделенные структуры СВ 10-45о, 60-75о, 310-320о относятся к «полупроницаемым», субширотные и СЗ 310-320о – к малопроницаемым. Полученные закономерности подтверждаются резуль- татами полевых геофизических и геологических исследований.Анализ особенностей геодинамического строения полей шахт Брянковской группы, а также оценка степени техногенной нарушенности горного массива позволили дифференцировать изучаемую территорию по интенсивности и характеру проявления негативных геоэкологических явлений и процессов. Развитие негативных явлений и процессов на 77% территории прогнозируемого подтопления контролируется геодинамическим строением массива, на 23% – техногенной нарушенностью. При этом масштабы их проявления определяются водопроницаемостью, особенностями строения и порядком ГДЗ. По данным дистанционного метода и гидрогеологических съемок в пределах всей изучаемой территории выделено 178 участков подтопления общей площадью 55,5 га. В площадном отношении 78% участков подтопления и заболачивания связаны с влиянием геодинамических зон, 16% – с выходами водоносных горизонтов, 6% – с техногенной нарушенностью. В количественном отношении локализация 75% участков подтопления и заболачивания связана с влиянием ГДЗ. Предложена система геолого-экологической оценки территорий, в границах полей ликвидированных угольных шахт, которая, с учетом особенностей геолого-тектонического строения конкретной территории, может быть применена во всех угледобывающих регионах.
The thesis is devoted to studying of a geodynamic structure features of coal-bearing series and grounding of the geodynamic zones role in forming the geology-ecological conditions in limits of the abandoned mines fields. With the help of interpretation of space photographs as well as with the help of the field geological and geophysical methods complex the geodynamic structure in limits of abandoned mines fields of Bryankovskaya group (Lugansk area) has been determined. According to the results of the reconstruction of the tectonic deformations fields as well as of the alpine cycle stresses an evaluation of the water permeability and activity degree of the marked GDZ has been made. The leading role of geodynamic structure in forming negative geology-ecological processes among Brjankovskaya group mines is reliably established. At the same time the scale of their development depend on the water permeability, structure characteristics and the degree of the GDZ. System of geological and ecological evaluation of the territories within the limits of the abandoned coal mines has been introduced.
Lhotellier, Remi. "Spatialisation des températures en zone de montagne alpine". Phd thesis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011241.
Pełny tekst źródład'un réseau d'une densité souvent inégale. De nombreuses applications nécessitent pourtant des valeurs
climatiques en tout point de leur champ d'étude. Cette thèse propose une évaluation du niveau d'incertitude pour
la spatialisation des températures en zone de montagne et la mise au point d'une démonstration de la relation
échelle / méthode, puis la quantification des apports des méthodes en fonction de l'échelle d'application visée. Le
sujet comprend donc, comme premier travail, la mise en place d'une méthode pour la spatialisation des
températures, c'est à dire une modélisation expliquant les variations spatiales des températures : quels facteurs
agissent, font varier les températures, et dans quelles proportions ?
La réalisation de modèles, à différentes échelles, s'accompagne d'une interpolation (reconstitution des champs
thermiques par l'application des modèles précédemment créés).
La recherche combine un travail sur Systèmes d'Information Géographique, et les variables spatiales extraites de
ces derniers : occupation du sol, relief, pente, exposition, ensoleillement, etc.), ainsi qu'un usage fréquent de
méthodes statistiques (régressions simples, régressions multiples, analyses de variance, analyses en
composantes principales, etc.)
Les simulations constituent l'étape finale, une fois les spatialisations terminées et les validations des modèles
effectuées.
Les données géographiques sont principalement fournies par le laboratoire SEIGAD et l'Institut Géographique
National, les connaissances et les données météorologiques proviennent de Météo-France (relevés de
températures minimales et maximales quotidiennes, types de temps, modèle SAFRAN...)
Anders, Birte [Verfasser]. "The pre-alpine evolution of the basement of the Pelagonian Zone and the Vardar Zone, Greece / Birte Anders". 2005. http://d-nb.info/976127741/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaDVORSKÝ, Miroslav. "Ecology of alpine plants in NW Himalaya". Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-172974.
Pełny tekst źródłaPairis, Jean Louis. "Paléogène marin et structuration des Alpes Occidentales françaises (domaine externe et confins sud-occidentaux du subbriançonnais)". Phd thesis, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00503118.
Pełny tekst źródłaAugenstein, Clemens. "The formation of the Lepontine gneiss dome". Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151027.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarsh, Patricia Beryl. "Regional temperature and precipitation trends in the Drakensberg alpine and montane zones: implications for endemic plant species". Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24993.
Pełny tekst źródłaMountains are complex environments owing to their varying topography and geographic range, and as a result are havens for a variety of eco-systems and biodiversity. Mountain systems around the globe are potentially transforming due to increasing pressure from human-driven climate change. The possible effects of these pressures and overall consequences of the changes are difficult to predict due to the complexity of mountain habitats. Previous studies have recorded increasing temperatures in mountain systems as one of the consequences of climatic change. As a consequence of this warming trend, plant species that typically grow in lower altitudes may migrate to higher altitudes as those habitats become suitable. There are many different effects this may have on the local eco-system, such as the possibility of the migrating species outcompeting the local species or even hybridization occurring, resulting in a new species. Regardless, the movement of species from low to high elevations will have a direct effect on plant community dynamics in the area. South Africa is experiencing warming temperatures and has experienced a reported increase in mean annual temperature by 0.96 ºC over the last five decades. This research aims to understand the implications of inter-annual temperature and precipitation trends in the alpine, upper and lower montane thermal zones in the Drakensberg on two endemic plant genera, Rhodohypoxis (Hypoxidaceae) and Glumicalyx (Scrophulariaceae). A thermal zone refers to a temperature gradient at a specific altitude in a mountain system. Temperature and precipitation data from 1994 to 2014 were collected from four weather stations: Sani Pass (2874 m), Shaleburn (1614 m) and Giants Castle (1759 m) in South Africa, and Mokhotlong (2209 m) in Lesotho. These sites represent three thermal zones; Sani Pass is in the alpine zone, Mokhotlong is in the upper montane zone, and Shaleburn and Giants Castle are in the lower montane zone. The objectives of this research are to analyse and compare the temperature and precipitation trends, inter-annual variability, and annual number of frost days at each data collection site from 1994 to 2014, as well as infer the potential impact these changes may have on the local endemic plant genera. Results show a more pronounced increase in temperature in the lower thermal zones and a larger decrease in precipitation in higher thermal zones. The lower montane zone experienced the highest increase in temperature of up to 0.6 ºC over two decades. The alpine zone showed the largest decrease in precipitation of on average 27.5 mm of rainfall per annum over 20 years, while the lower montane zone displayed the largest inter-annual variability in both temperature and precipitation variables. The upper montane zone had a larger decrease in frost days over the 20 year period relative to the lower montane zone. Interestingly this work showed an increased warming pattern in the lower thermal zones relative to upper zones, which contrasts with work in other mountain ecosystems. This warming may create larger intermediate regions which could encourage the movement of endemic flora into neighbouring thermal zones. Movement between thermal zones may increase hybridization within plant genera which could change the structure of the plant communities and possibly result in altered floral populations. Keywords: Climatic change, Drakensberg, endemic flora, thermal zones, temperature and precipitation trends, inter-annual variability
LG2018
Lelarge, Maria Lidia. "Thermochronologie par la méthode des traces de fission d'une marge passive (dôme de Ponta Grossa, SE Brésil) et au sein d'une chaîne de collision (zone externe de l'arc alpin, France)". Phd thesis, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603209.
Pełny tekst źródła