Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Alcohol”
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Gutierrez, L. E. "Effect of some vitamins and micronutrient deficiencies on the production of higher alcohols by Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Scientia Agricola 50, nr 3 (grudzień 1993): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90161993000300024.
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A study was carried out in order to determine the effect of vitamins (biotin, thiamine, pantotheniic acid and pyridoxal) and micronutrient (zinc, boron, manganese and iron) deficiencies on higher alcohol production during alcoholic fermentation with the industrially used yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae M-300-A. Zinc deficiency induced a reduction on the levels of isobutyl and isoamyl alcohols. An increase on isobutyl alcohol (fivefold) and a reduction of isoamyl alcohol (two fold) and n-propyl alcohol (three fold) contents resulted from pantotheiiic acid deficiency, whereas pyridoxal deficiency caused an increase on the levels of isobutyl and isoamyl alcohols. Biotin was not essential for the growth of this strain.
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Solodun, Yuriy, Yulia Monakhova, Thomas Kuballa, Andriy Samokhvalov, Jürgen Rehm i Dirk Lachenmeier. "Unrecorded alcohol consumption in Russia: toxic denaturants and disinfectants pose additional risks". Interdisciplinary Toxicology 4, nr 4 (1.12.2011): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10102-011-0030-x.
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Unrecorded alcohol consumption in Russia: toxic denaturants and disinfectants pose additional risksIn 2005, 30% of all alcohol consumption in Russia was unrecorded. This paper describes the chemical composition of unrecorded and low cost alcohol, including a toxicological evaluation. Alcohol products (n=22) from both recorded and unrecorded sources were obtained from three Russian cities (Saratov, Lipetsk and Irkutsk) and were chemically analyzed. Unrecorded alcohols included homemade samogons, medicinal alcohols and surrogate alcohols. Analysis included alcoholic strength, levels of volatile compounds (methanol, acetaldehyde, higher alcohols), ethyl carbamate, diethyl phthalate (DEP) and polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride (PHMG). Single samples showed contamination with DEP (275-1269 mg/l) and PHMG (515 mg/l) above levels of toxicological concern. Our detailed chemical analysis of Russian alcohols showed that the composition of vodka, samogon and medicinal alcohols generally did not raise major public health concerns other than for ethanol. It was shown, however, that concentration levels of DEP and PHMG in some surrogate alcohols make these samples unfit for human consumption as even moderate drinking would exceed acceptable daily intakes.
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Wang, Ya-Ping, Lin Liu, Xue-Shan Wang, Kun-Qiang Hong, Li-Hua Zhang, Zhong-Guan Sun i Dong-Guang Xiao. "GAT1 Gene, the GATA Transcription Activator, Regulates the Production of Higher Alcohol during Wheat Beer Fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Bioengineering 8, nr 5 (8.05.2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8050061.
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Uncoordinated carbon-nitrogen ratio in raw materials will lead to excessive contents of higher alcohols in alcoholic beverages. The effect of GAT1 gene, the GATA transcription activator, on higher alcohol biosynthesis was investigated to clarify the mechanism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulating higher alcohol metabolism under high concentrations of free amino nitrogen (FAN). The availability of FAN by strain SDT1K with a GAT1 double-copy deletion was 28.31% lower than that of parent strain S17, and the yield of higher alcohols was 33.91% lower. The transcript levels of the downstream target genes of GAT1 and higher alcohol production in the double-copy deletion mutant suggested that a part of the effect of GAT1 deletion on higher alcohol production was the downregulation of GAP1, ARO9, and ARO10. This study shows that GATA factors can effectively regulate the metabolism of higher alcohols in S. cerevisiae and provides valuable insights into higher alcohol biosynthesis, showing great significance for the wheat beer industry.
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Fonte, Aníbal. "Complexities in the Investigation of Alcohol Consumption in the Elderly: Challenges and Perspectives". International Journal of Psychology and Neuroscience 9, nr 2 (31.08.2023): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.56769/ijpn09206.
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Abstract Alcohol, primarily represented by the molecule CH3CH2OH, is a key component in various alcoholic beverages. These beverages encompass a wide range of ingredients, including aliphatic alcohols, organic acids, esters, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, sugars, tannins, flavonoids, natural flavors, and water. The global alcohol market has immense potential, with over half of the population in certain regions already consuming alcoholic beverages. Despite the aging global population, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on alcohol use among the elderly, who face unique challenges related to aging. Several factors contribute to this research gap, including a historical focus on younger age groups, underreporting and underestimation of the issue, stigma, participation barriers, lack of recognition, and the complexity of factors involved. However, as the elderly population continues to grow, interest in this area is likely to increase. Additionally, the aging demographic represents a significant economic market, and the "elderly empowerment" movement may influence changing consumption patterns among older individuals, making continued research into alcohol consumption in this demographic essential. Keywords: Alcohol, Elderly, Aging, Alcohol consumption, CH3CH2OH, alcoholic beverages, elder.
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Folashade Adeola Bolarinwa i Lanre Adebara. "Nested anova analysis on the effect of alcoholic drinks on the body temperature and heart beat". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 19, nr 2 (30.08.2023): 710–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.2.1518.
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This paper examines effects alcoholic drinks on heartbeat and body temperature of mouse A, B and C. Three brand of alcohol, trophy, regal and origin were administered to them on each day for three days. Trophy was administered to each mouse on day1, Regal dry gin on day2 and Origin on day3 with their heartbeat rates and body temperatures recorded for each day after thirty minutes the alcohols were administered. Nested Analysis of variance was used to examine the effect of alcohol and mouse nested in alcohol on body temperature and heartbeat on mouse and also Independent two sample t-test was used to compare effects of two different alcoholic drinks on the heart beat rate and body temperature of three mouse. Conclusively the result shows that alcohol drinks likewise mouse nested in alcohol has no significant effect on the body temperature and heartbeat of mouse and the effect of any two alcoholic drinks on heart beat rate and body temperature of mouse will always be not significant and comparison of effect of any two alcoholic drinks on heart beat rate and body temperature of mouse are not significant.
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Chen, Xiaodie, Chuan Song, Jian Zhao, Zhuang Xiong, Lianxin Peng, Liang Zou, Caihong Shen i Qiang Li. "Application of Strain Selection Technology in Alcoholic Beverages: A Review". Foods 13, nr 9 (1.05.2024): 1396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13091396.
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The diversity of alcohol beverage microorganisms is of great significance for improving the brewing process and the quality of alcohol beverage products. During the process of making alcoholic beverages, a group of microorganisms, represented by yeast and lactic acid bacteria, conducts fermentation. These microorganisms have complex synergistic or competitive relationships, and the participation of different microorganisms has a major impact on the fermentation process and the flavor and aroma of the product. Strain selection is one of the key steps. Utilizing scientific breeding technology, the relationship between strains can be managed, the composition of the alcoholic beverage microbial community can be improved, and the quality and flavor of the alcoholic beverage products can be increased. Currently, research on the microbial diversity of alcohol beverages has received extensive attention. However, the selection technology for dominant bacteria in alcohol beverages has not yet been systematically summarized. To breed better-quality alcohol beverage strains and improve the quality and characteristics of wine, this paper introduces the microbial diversity characteristics of the world’s three major brewing alcohols: beer, wine, and yellow wine, as well as the breeding technologies of related strains. The application of culture selection technology in the study of microbial diversity of brewed wine was reviewed and analyzed. The strain selection technology and alcohol beverage process should be combined to explore the potential application of a diverse array of alcohol beverage strains, thereby boosting the quality and flavor of the alcohol beverage and driving the sustainable development of the alcoholic beverage industry.
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Maia, Amazile Biagioni, Lorena Simão Marinho i David Lee Nelson. "On the role of higher alcohols in the characterization of cachaça". Research, Society and Development 9, nr 10 (21.10.2020): e8299109135. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.9135.
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There is a growing interest in chemical markers for the identification and certification of cachaça as a cane spirit produced in Brazil. It is known that the higher alcohols that are usually analyzed (propyl alcohol, Isobutyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol) occur in all alcoholic beverages (fermented and distilled), but the relative proportions can vary markedly according to the peculiarities of the raw material and the production process. In this work, the contents of higher alcohols in 300 samples of alembic cachaça were compared, 220 from the state of Minas Gerais and 80 from other states, as well as three samples of industrial cachaça and 14 samples of whiskeys of various brands. The typical range of total higher alcohols in cachaça was 180-360 mg/100 mL ethanol. Cachaça containing higher alcohol concentrations greater than 360 mg/100 mL ethanol do not comply with Brazilian legislation. However, cachaças with higher alcohols concentrations below 180 mg/100 mL ethanol, as was found in one of the industrial cachaças, signify adulteration, for example, by mixing with fuel alcohol. The C4/C5 ratio varied less than the C3/C5 ratio, being consistently within the range of 0.20-0.50. In the whiskeys analyzed, the concentrations of higher alcohols were in the range of 160 and 270 mg/100 mL. Therefore, this parameter would not assist in differentiating between cachaça and whiskey. But the C4/C5 ratio was consistently different, being always greater than 0.50 for the whiskeys. Thus, the routine analysis of higher alcohols provides useful information both for tracking possible fraud and for assessments related to the identity or origin of cachaça.
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Simões, João, Eduardo Coelho, Paulo Magalhães, Tiago Brandão, Pedro Rodrigues, José António Teixeira i Lucília Domingues. "Exploiting Non-Conventional Yeasts for Low-Alcohol Beer Production". Microorganisms 11, nr 2 (26.01.2023): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020316.
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Non-Saccharomyces yeasts represent a very appealing alternative to producing beers with zero or low ethanol content. The current study explores the potential of seven non-Saccharomyces yeasts to produce low-alcohol or non-alcoholic beer, in addition to engineered/selected Saccharomyces yeasts for low-alcohol production. The yeasts were first screened for their sugar consumption and ethanol production profiles, leading to the selection of strains with absent or inefficient maltose consumption and consequently with low-to-null ethanol production. The selected yeasts were then used in larger-scale fermentations for volatile and sensory evaluation. Overall, the yeasts produced beers with ethanol concentrations below 1.2% in which fusel alcohols and esters were also detected, making them eligible to produce low-alcohol beers. Among the lager beers produced in this study, beers produced using Saccharomyces yeast demonstrated a higher acceptance by taster panelists. This study demonstrates the suitability of non-conventional yeasts for producing low-alcohol or non-alcoholic beers and opens perspectives for the development of non-conventional beers.
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Warpenius, Katariina, i Christoffer Tigerstedt. "Positioning Alcohol's Harm to others (AHTO) within Alcohol Research: A Reinvented Perspective with Mixed Policy Implications". Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 33, nr 5-6 (grudzień 2016): 487–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nsad-2016-0041.
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Aims & Design This overview analyses the recent emergence of the concept of alcohols harm to others (AHTO) and the potential policy implications embedded in this research perspective. The overview is an account of ways in which recent alcohol research has grasped the kind of harm that goes beyond the drinker. It positions the dimensions of alcohol's harm to others as a research perspective in relation to other established research approaches to alcohol-related problems. Findings Several concepts presented within different disciplines have focused on how adverse consequences of drinking go beyond the individual drinker. However, the scientific discussion is still characterised by an obvious conceptual instability. Alongside the growing research interest in alcohol's harm to others there is a political discourse stressing the urgency of alcohol policy measures protecting innocent victims against damage from others' alcohol use. Conclusions In drawing attention to the interactional nature of alcohol-related harm, the AHTO perspective brings a novel syntagmatic and cross-cutting aspect to established traditions in alcohol research and forms a unique scientific approach. The AHTO perspective has the potential for creating a political will to move the alcohol policy agenda forward, but the question of a suitable and credible term is unresolved. Conceptually, the AHTO perspective is still in a state of flux, while politically it is loaded with considerable ambitions and interests related to causal attributions and ethical conclusions embedded in the research perspective.
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Gonçalves, Reinaldo Simões, i Luciano Valmir das Chagas. "Estudos potenciométricos da adsorção de álcoois insaturados sobre o eletrodo de cobre em meio H2SO4 diluído". Ciência e Natura 11, nr 11 (11.12.1989): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x25532.
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Potentiometric studies show the interaction between the copper surface electrode and propanol alcohol (H3C-CH2-CH2OH), allyl alcohol (H2C=CH-CH2OH) and propargyl alcohol (HC≡C-CH2OH). From them, only allyl alcohol and propargyl alcohol change the value of the electrode potentials, when the organic compounds are added to the solutions. The potential shifts suggest a strong interaction, with a chemical and stable adsorption of the alcohols on the surfasse electrode. The electrode potentials change quickly in the presence of the alcohols and depend on the concentration that is added. The adsorption of the alcohols independs on the acid concentration of the solution but it depends on the dissolved oxygen concentration. The shifts of the electrode potentials are lower in aerated solutions than in deaerated solutions, with both alcohols. The potential-time curves at 65ºC shown that allyl alcohol adsorption is weaker at high temperatures. However, the propargyl alcohol adsorption independs on the temperature of the solutions.
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Apriyanti, Dianita, Siti Nurfajriah, Maulin Inggraini i Noor Andryan Ilsan. "PENENTUAN KADAR ALKOHOL PADA PEMINUM ALKOHOL DENGAN METODE ALCOHOL SALIVA STRIP TEST". Jurnal Mitra Kesehatan 5, nr 2 (30.06.2023): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.47522/jmk.v5i2.185.
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Alcohols are organic compounds containing hydroxyl functional groups. The alcohol content in the drink is ethanol. Alcohol poisoning is often associated with injuries from falls, fires, drowning, overdose, sexual abuse, work accidents, traffic accidents, and abusive relationship. This study aims to determine the level of alcohol in alcoholics using the Alcohol Saliva Strip Test method. The type of research used is descriptive with purposive sampling technique and cross-sectional approach and. Specimen collection and examination of the alcohol content in the respondent's saliva were carried out in March 2021 at Kp X, Depok City, West Java Province. The number of respondents was 28 people. The inclusion criteria for this study was alcoholic drinkers aged 17-25 years. The study exclusion criteria were using mouthwash, consuming ascorbic acid such as vitamin C, and having a history of gout. The specimen used in this research was saliva. The method is detected for alcohol content of the respondents used the RightSign brand Alcohol Saliva Strip Test. The results showed the age of the respondents who drank the most alcohol in the range of 17-19 years was 57%. The characteristics of respondents based on the frequency of alcohol consumption are highest in the frequent category (3 times a week or more) as much as 68%. The results showed 71% of the respondents positively drank alcohol and 29% of the respondents were negative. The lowest alcohol content in the respondent's saliva was 0.02% and the highest was 0.08%. The alcohol content in the saliva of the respondents who last drank alcohol 1 week ago was undetectable. This study concludes that the percentage of respondent who detected alcohol in their saliva was 71% and the highest alcohol content in the respondent's saliva is 0.08%. This study also shows that the period, alcohol concentration, and type of alcohol consumed can influence Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC).
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Singh, Vishwanath, i Nagappa Badiger. "Study of effective atomic numbers and electron densities, kerma of alcohols, phantom and human organs, and tissues substitutes". Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 28, nr 2 (2013): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1302137s.
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Effective atomic numbers (ZPIeff) and electron densities of eighteen alcohols such as wood alcohol, CH3OH; grain alcohol, C2H5OH; rubbing alcohol, C3H7OH; butanol, C4H9OH; amyl alcohol, C5H11OH; cetyl alcohol, C16H33OH; ethylene glycol, C2H4(OH)2; glycerin, C3H5(OH)3; PVA, C2H4O; erythritol, C4H6(OH)4; xylitol, C5H7(OH)5; sorbitol, C6H8(OH)6; volemitol, C7H9(OH)7; allyl alcohol, C3H5OH; geraniol, C10H17OH; propargyl alcohol, C3H3OH; inositol, C6H6(OH)6, and menthol, C10H19OH have been calculated in the photon energy region of 1 keV-100 GeV. The estimated values have been compared with experimental values wherever possible. The comparison of ZPIeff of the alcohols with water phantom and PMMA phantom indicate that the ethylene glycol, glycerin, and PVA are substitute for PMMA phantom and PVA is substitute of water phantom. ZPIeff of alcohols have also been compared with human organs and tissues. Ethylene glycol, glycerin and PVA, allyl alcohol, and wood alcohols are found tissue substitutes for most of human organs. Kerma which is the product of the energy fluence and mass energy-absorption coefficient, have been calculated in the energy region from 1 keV to 20 MeV for the alcohols. The results show the kerma is more or less independent of energy above 100 keV.
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Florido-Barba, Antonio, Gustavo Cordero-Bueso i Jesús Manuel Cantoral. "Alcoholes no vínicos para la mejora del desarrollo del velo de flor y de las características sensoriales de los vinos Finos de la D.O. Jerez-Xérèz-Sherry". BIO Web of Conferences 68 (2023): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236802011.
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Abstract The wines produced in the Jerez-Xérès-Sherry Designation of Origin fall within the category of Fortified Wines, according to Regulation 1308/2013 of the European Parliament, which stipulates that they must be exclusively fortified with wine alcohol, with an acquired alcoholic strength between 95.0% and 96.0%. However, there are other alternative alcohols whose behavior is unknown but could be equally effective in the development of biological aging, with an impact on the final product quality and lower economic costs. This study examines the effect of using malt alcohols, grape pomace, agave, sugarcane, and cereal alcohols, as well as wine alcohols obtained through different distillation methods and at varying alcohol concentrations, for fortifying wines subjected to biological aging. The development of the "flor" yeast veil will be evaluated under each aging condition and isolated and characterized using molecular techniques. Additionally, the base wine fortified with the different alcohols will be monitored and analyzed both physicochemically and organoleptically.
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Levy-Ontman, Oshrat, Eliraz Stamker i Adi Wolfson. "The Effect of Alcohol on Palladium Nanoparticles in i-Pd(OAc)2(TPPTS)2 for Aerobic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol". Metals 11, nr 9 (12.09.2021): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091443.
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In the heterogeneous catalyst i-Pd(OAc)2(TPPTS)2, Pd(II) was reduced to Pd(0) by using different alcohol solvents, and the catalyst’s activity was studied in the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol. We studied the effects of the impregnation time in ethanol as a solvent and the use of various alcoholic solvents on the size of palladium nanoparticles. We found that the reduction of palladium by the various alcohols yielded palladium nanoparticles that were active in the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol. As determined by DLS, TEM, and zeta potential analyses, both the impregnation time in ethanol and the type of alcohol used were observed to affect nanoparticle formation, particle size distribution, and agglomeration, as well as the conversion rate. The palladium nanoparticles’ hydrodynamic diameter sizes obtained during the 24 h of impregnation time were in the range of 10–200 nm. However, following 24 h of impregnation in ethanol the nanoparticles tended to form aggregates. The conversion rates of all the primary alcohols were similar, while for secondary alcohol, in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl is less acidic and there is steric hindrance, the conversion was the lowest. Performing the oxidation using the solvent 1-propanol yielded smaller nanoparticles with narrower distributions in comparison to the reaction that was observed when using the ethanol solvent. On the other hand, the relatively high particle size distribution in 1-hexanol yielded agglomerates.
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Brei, Volodymyr. "OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS OVER CERIUM-OXIDE CATALYST: CORRELATION BETWEEN THE ACTIVATION ENERGY OF THE REACTION AND THE CHEMICAL SHIFT δ (R13 COH)". Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 85, nr 8 (15.08.2019): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/0041-6045.85.8.2019.66-72.
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The oxidation of thirteen alcohols over sup-ported CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst with 10 wt.% of CeO2 have been studied using a desorption mass-spec-trometry technique. A catalyst sample 4–6 mg in quartz cuvette was evacuated at 100 0C, cooled to room temperature, and then adsorption of a alco-hol was provided. After vacuumation of alcohol excess, the TPR profiles of products of alcohol oxidation were recorded at sweep rate 2 a.u.m./sec and heating rate of 15 0C/min using MX-7304A monopole mass- spectrometer. Identification of formed aldehydes and ketones was provided on the bases of their characteristic ions in obtained mass-spectra, namely, acetaldehyde (m/e = 29, 44); pro-panal (29, 58); acetone (43, 58); butanal (44, 43); methyl propanal (43, 41, 72), 2-butanon (43, 72); methoxyacetone (45, 43); cyclohexanone (55); ace-tophenone (105, 77); benzaldehyde (77, 106). It was shown that the oxidation of several alcohols pro-ceeds in a wide temperature interval from 130 to 280 0C. So, peak of formaldehyde formation from me-thanol adsorbed on CeO2/Al2O3 is observed at 280 0C whereas peaks of methyl glyoxal and water formation from adsorbed hydroxyacetone are re-corded at 135 0 C. The linear correlation between activation energy of reaction and chemical shift δ (R13COH) of studied alcohols was found as Ea= 183 –1.4δ (kJ/mol). Respectively, the maximum oxi-dation rate, for instance, for methanol (50 ppm) is observed at 280 0C, for ethanol (58 ppm) at 215 0C, for n-butanol (62 ppm) at 200 0C, for n-propanol (64 ppm) at 190 0C, for 2-butanol (69 ppm) at 160 0C, for hydroxyacetone (69 ppm) at 135 0C, and for 1-phenylethanol (70 ppm) at 130 0C. Thus, ability of alcohols to oxidation decreases with increase of their electronic density on carbon atom of alcohol group in following order: 1-phenyl ethanol ≈ hyd-roxyacetone ≈ cyclohexanol > allyl alcohol ≈ 2-bu-anol ≈ i-butanol ≈ i-propanol > methoxypropanol-2 ≈ n-propanol ≈ n-butanol ≈ benzyl alcohol ≈ ethanol >> methanol. On an example of ethanol, the scheme of alcohol oxidation on ceria that assumes the addition of atomic oxygen to C–H bond of alcoho-lic group with intermediate acetaldehyde hydrate formation is discussed.
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Kalichkina, L. E., A. A. Bakibaev i V. S. Malkov. "Spectral study of thione-thiol tautomerization of thiourea in aqueous alcohol solution". Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Chemistry" series 99, nr 3 (30.09.2020): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020ch3/66-71.
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In this work we studied the equilibrium of thione–thiol tautomerization by Raman and UV spectroscopies. This type of tautomerization influences on the course and direction of the reaction between thiourea and other organic compounds. The studies were carried out in water and aqueous alcohol medium. Мethanol, ethanol, propanol-1 and propanol-2 were used as alcohols. Hydrochloric acid was used to protonate thiourea in water and aqueous alcoholic solutions. UV spectroscopy made it possible to establish the tautomer ratio in water and aqueous alcohol solutions as the ratio of the intensities of absorption bands at 236 and 200 nm. There is an increase in the content of the thiol form and a decrease of the thione form observed in the row water-methanol-ethanol-propanol-isopropyl alcohol. The addition of hydrochloric acid to the thiourea water or aqueous alcohol solutions leads to the increase of the thione form and to the decrease of the thiol form in the composition. The thione form of thiourea can be determine by Raman spectra of –C=S group. The thiol form of thiourea is difficult to detect by Raman spectroscopy due to the overlap of the –S–H bond absorption band with alcohols absorption bands.
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Askgaard, Gro, Janne S. Tolstrup, Mette S. Kjær i David A. Leon. "Number of hospital contacts with alcohol problems predicts later risk of alcoholic liver cirrhosis". Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 47, nr 4 (10.03.2018): 417–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494818763436.
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Aims: Alcoholic liver cirrhosis is usually preceded by years of heavy drinking. We investigated whether the risk of alcoholic liver cirrhosis increases as the number of hospital contacts with alcohol problems goes up. Methods: This was a supplementary analysis on a nationwide register-based cohort study. All patients in Denmark with an initial hospital contact with alcohol problems (alcohol intoxication, harmful alcohol use or alcohol dependence) 1998–2002, free of liver disease, were followed for diagnosis of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The number of subsequent hospital contacts with alcohol problems was estimated as a time-dependent variable for each patient. Results: In all, 36,044 hospital patients with an initial hospital contact with alcohol problems were included. These patients had 301,525 subsequent hospital contacts with alcohol problems. Risk of alcoholic liver cirrhosis increased ( p < 0.0001) with number of alcohol hospital contacts in both men and women for up to nine contacts. Conclusions: The number of prior hospital contacts with alcohol problems might provide clinicians with a helpful metric in deciding whether to offer preventive interventions for alcoholic liver cirrhosis.
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Sohilait, Hanoch J. "OXIDATION OF BENZYLIC SECONDARY ALCOHOL WITH PYRIDINIUM CHLOROCHROMATE-ALUMINA (PCC-Al2O3)". Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 8, nr 1 (17.06.2010): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21658.
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In these studies, Pyridinium chlorochromate-Alumina was used for oxidation of secondary alcohols (safryl alcohol and methyleugenyl alcohol) to ketone. The oxidation of safryl alcohol with PCC-Al2O3 followed by purification by potassium bisulfite yields safryl ketone (62,92%). The oxidation of methyleugenyl alcohol with PCC-Al2O3, followed by purification by potassium bisulfite yields methyleugenyl ketone (68,04%). The elucidation of these products was analyzed by FTIR, 1H-NMR and MS. Keywords : PCC-alumina, secondary alcohols, ketone
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Cáceres-Alonso, Mercedes, Miguel Costas, Lina Andreoli-Ball i Donald Patterson. "Steric effects on the self-association of branched and cyclic alcohols in inert solvents. Apparent heat capacities of secondary and tertiary alcohols in hydrocarbons". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 66, nr 4 (1.04.1988): 989–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v88-165.
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Apparent heat capacities have been measured for fifteen branched and cyclic alcohols in dilute n-decane solution at 25 °C. The alcohols were 2-methyl-2-propanol, cyclohexanol, 3-methyl-3-pentanol, trans-, cis-, and mixed isomer 2-methylcyclohexanol, 1-methylcyclohexanol, 3-ethyl-3-pentanol, cyclooctanol, 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol, 5-decanol, 4-propyl-4-heptanol, cyclododecanol, 5-butyl-5-nonanol, and 8-hexadecanol (in n-hexane). Excess heat capacities CpE throughout the concentration range were measured at 25 °C for: 1-hexanol + n-hexadecane (n-C16) and + 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (br-C16), 4-propyl-4-heptanol, and 1-decanol + n-decane, 3-methyl-3-pentanol + n-C16 and + br-C16 and at 27 °C for cyclohexanol + n-C16 and + br-C16. Also, for 3-methyl-3-pentanol + n-decane CpE was measured at 10, 25, 40, and 50 °C. For a series of isomeric alcohols, the apparent molar heat capacities show a maximum against concentration which decreases and moves to higher alcohol concentration as the hydroxyl group on the alcohol becomes increasingly hindered, effectively reducing the alcohol self-association capabilities. This situation is also reflected by the heat capacities of the pure alcohols which increase strongly in magnitude in going from a linear 1-alcohol to an isomeric alcohol which has its hydroxyl group on a quaternary carbon atom. CpE of the mixtures are negative at low alcohol concentrations turning positive at increasingly higher alcohol concentrations as the steric hindrance on the hydroxyl group increases. Throughout most of the concentration range CpE for the branched or cyclic alcohols is considerably more positive than for the corresponding isomeric 1 -alcohol. For the highly hindered 3-methyl-3-pentanol CpE(T) passes through a maximum. All of the above behaviour is explained by the Treszczanowicz–Kehiaian model for self-associated liquids + inert solvents which has been applied to the present data. Equilibrium constants have been obtained for alcohol association and are sensitive to alcohol structure. At low alcohol concentrations, while for the linear 1-alcohols tetramers are the predominant species and dimer are almost absent, for the corresponding isomeric alcohols the concentration of tetramers is severely reduced and the lower species, i.e. trimers and dimers, are more important. For the highly hindered alcohols, monomers are the predominant species in dilute solution reflecting the decrease in self-association ability that steric hindrance of the hydroxyl group imposes on them.
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Sun, Qiuyu, Weihong Xie, Yanli Wang, Feifei Chong, Mengmeng Song, Tiandong Li, Linping Xu i Chunhua Song. "Alcohol Consumption by Beverage Type and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies". Alcohol and Alcoholism 55, nr 3 (22.02.2020): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agaa012.
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Abstract Aims Alcohol intake has been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer. However, the dose-response analysis of different alcoholic beverages (spirits, wine and beer) is not clear. Our meta-analysis aims to provide a dose-response estimation between different alcohols and breast cancer risk. Methods Search of PubMed and Web of Science and manual searches were conducted up to 1 December 2018, and summary relative risks (RRs) and attributable risk percentage (ARP) for alcohol intake on the development of breast cancer were calculated. Dose-response meta-analysis modeled relationships between drinking type and breast cancer risk. Sources of heterogeneity were explored, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of findings. Results In total, 22 cohort studies and 45,350 breast cancer cases were included. Current drinkers for ER+ had an increased risk compared with never drinkers. In dose-response analysis, there was a statistically significant linear trend with breast cancer risk increasing gradually by total alcohol and wine dose: when adding 10 g per day, the risk increased by 10.5% (RR = 1.10, 95%CI = 1.08–1.13) in total alcohol and 8.9% (RR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.04–1.14) in wine. For postmenopausal women, the risk increases by 11.1% (RR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.09–1.13) with every 10 g of total alcohol increase. Furthermore, the breast cancer alcohol-attributed percentage is higher in Europe than in North America and Asia. Conclusions The effect of drinking on the incidence of breast cancer is mainly manifested in ER+ breast cancer. Quantitative analysis showed total drinking had a significant risk for breast cancer, especially for postmenopausal women. However, for different alcohols, just wine intake has the similar results.
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Klementyeva, Y. A., i N. V. Semenova. "Alcohol surrogate poisoning: statistics for the country and individual regions". Scientific Bulletin of the Omsk State Medical University 3, nr 1 (2023): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.61634/2782-3024-2023-9-84-94.
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Alcohol abuse around the world is a risk factor for death and disability, so the problem of mortality due to excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages is extremely urgent. Alcoholism is widespread among people of different nationalities, and is part of the lifestyle of people of different sex and age. The risk of death regardless of the cause increases with an increase in alcohol addiction. People who abuse alcohol are at high risk for cognitive impairment, tendency to depression and anxiety, and have many co-morbidities. Alcoholic beverages can act as both an initiator of harm to oneself or another person as well as a cause of premature death, such as poisonings of chemical etiology, which include: poisonings from medications, drugs, alcohol and its surrogates. Toxic alcohols are readily available and contained in many household and industrial products, so mass poisonings with surrogate alcohol are registered almost every month in the Russian Federation. The aim of the literature review was to analyze the statistics and identify the connection between the excessive consumption of alcohol and its surrogates and the high mortality rates in the Russian Federation and individual regions. To achieve our goal, we had to solve a number of tasks. To begin with, we collected literature for the period 2012-2022 on this problem from the main biomedical information sources, such as PuBMed and eLIBRARY.RU. Next, we reviewed the mortality statistics of the Russian Federation and, in particular, the Omsk region for the period 2012-2022. Then we evaluated the correlation between the excessive consumption of alcohol-containing products and high mortality. We went deeper into the study of this problem and analyzed the correlation between the mortality rate and alcohol detection during the examination and mortality from other somatic diseases. We evaluated the frequency of acute poisonings of chemical nature, namely fatal poisonings of alcohol etiology. We identified the most frequent chemical that provoked the fatal outcome. We also considered the risk of mortality in relation to gender and age.
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Cubillan, Mark Patrick, i Kara Raphael. "Acute Alcohol-Induced Pancreatitis After Transcoronary Alcohol Ablation". ACG Case Reports Journal 10, nr 12 (grudzień 2023): e01220. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/crj.0000000000001220.
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ABSTRACT Alcohol-induced pancreatitis typically presents as acute nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, typically seen as a complication of chronic alcoholism or binge drinking alcoholic beverages. Here, we present a case of alcohol-induced pancreatitis from an unusual source: alcohol used in a catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. This is the first case in current literature that has identified this adverse effect of alcohol catheter ablation.
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Lin, Claire Lin, Mikael Agerlin Petersen i Andrea Gottlieb. "Increasing Higher Alcohols and Acetates in Low-Alcohol Beer by Proteases". Molecules 28, nr 11 (29.05.2023): 4419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114419.
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The market of non-alcoholic and low-alcohol beer has grown continuously thanks to the advocacy for healthy and responsible drinking. Non-alcoholic and low-alcohol products usually possess less higher alcohols and acetates and more aldehyde off-flavors due to the manufacturing processes. The employment of non-conventional yeasts partially mitigates this problem. In this study, we used proteases to optimize the wort amino acid profile for better aroma production during yeast fermentation. The design of experiments was applied to increase the leucine molar fraction, aiming to boost 3-methylbutan-1-ol and 3-methylbutyl acetate (banana-like aromas). This led to an increase from 7% to 11% leucine in wort after protease treatment. The aroma output in the subsequent fermentation, however, was yeast-dependent. An 87% increase of 3-methylbutan-1-ol and a 64% increase of 3-methylbutyl acetate were observed when Saccharomycodes ludwigii was used. When Pichia kluyveri was employed, higher alcohols and esters from valine and isoleucine were increased: 58% more of 2-methylpropyl acetate, 67% more of 2-methylbutan-1-ol, and 24% more of 2-methylbutyl acetate were observed. Conversely, 3-methylbutan-1-ol decreased by 58% and 3-methylbutyl acetate largely remained the same. Apart from these, the amounts of aldehyde intermediates were increased to a varying extent. The impact of such increases in aromas and off-flavors on the perception of low-alcohol beer remains to be evaluated by sensory analysis in future studies.
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Enamm S.Abdullah. "Effect of alcohol on liver enzyme (sGOT)". Journal of the College of Basic Education 18, nr 73 (21.01.2023): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35950/cbej.v18i73.9633.
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This study was aimed to estimated effect of alcohol on liver enzyme (GOT) , long term alcohol consumption can cause alcoholic liver disease It leads to develope alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis, Most of the liver damage caused by alcohol is attributed to alcohol metabolism and by products of that metabolism, Liver injury may be caused by direct toxicity of alcohol by products and also by inflammation that is induced secondarily by these same compounds, One half of heavy drinkers develop alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis
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Purdey, Annette L., Caroline L. Miller i Jacqueline A. Bowden. "Depictions of Alcohol in Australian TV ‘Bachelor In Paradise’: A Content Analysis". Alcohol and Alcoholism 55, nr 6 (11.07.2020): 674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agaa064.
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Abstract Aims To quantify the depictions of alcohol in the popular Australian reality TV show—Bachelor in Paradise (season 1: 2018). Methods All 16 episodes were coded in 1-min intervals for the presence of alcoholic beverage related content and non-alcoholic beverage content, and the categories of actual use, implied use and other references. Results Alcohol was highly prevalent in all episodes. Alcohol content occurred frequently, with 70.7% of intervals having any alcohol content. Actual alcohol use occurred in 31.9% of 1-min intervals, implied alcohol use occurred in 63.4% of intervals and other alcohol references occurred in 14.0% of intervals. Alcohol content was present in the first or second 1-min interval of all 16 episodes. Alcohol content was more than twice as prevalent as non-alcoholic content (34.0%). Conclusions The high volume of alcohol content depicted in the show is of concern, due to the important influence it may have on the audience. Vulnerable viewers, especially minors and young adults, are being exposed to ubiquitous alcohol references. This may influence their perceptions of normal alcohol use, their attitudes toward alcohol and their own consumption of alcohol. A stronger regulatory regime is required in Australia to protect young people more effectively from depictions in television programs.
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Wijayati, Nanik, Harno Dwi Pranowo, Jumina Jumina i Triyono Triyono. "The Acid Catalyzed Reaction of α-Pinene Over Y-Zeolite". Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 13, nr 1 (6.05.2013): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21327.
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The hydration of α-pinene has been studied in the presence of Y-zeolite (Si/Al = 2.89) as a solid acid catalyst. The reaction was performed in batch reactor in isopropyl alcohol at various temperature and reaction time with magnetic stirrer. The acid catalyst hydration reaction of a-pinene yields a complex mixture of monoterpenes, alcohols and hydrocarbons. The selectivity of α-terpineol (the monocyclic alcohol) as main product was 59.20% with a conversion of 83.83% and the non alcoholic as the isomerization co-product as 30% after 60 min at 65 °C. The conversion and selectivity to α-terpineol increase significantly with in increase in temperature and reaction times.
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Krishnamoorthy, Guna Sekar, i Seplapatty Kalimuthu Periyasamy. "Oxidation of α,β-Unsaturated Alcohols by Quinaldinium Fluorochromate". International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 5 (wrzesień 2013): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.5.8.
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The kinetics of oxidation of α,β-unsaturated alcohols (allyl alcohol, Crotyl alcohol, Cinnamyl alcohol) by quinaldinium fluorochromate has been studied in aqueous acid medium at 313 K. α,β-unsaturated alcohols were converted to the corresponding acrolein, crotonaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde. The reaction is first order each in oxidant, substrate and H+. The decrease in dielectric constant of the medium increases the rate of the reaction. Increase in ionic strength by the addition of sodium perchlorate has no effect on the rate constant. There is no polymerization with acrylonitrile. The reaction has been conducted at four different temperatures and activation parameters were calculated. From the observed kinetic results a suitable mechanism consistent with rate law has been proposed. The relative reactivity order was found to be Cinnamyl alcohol > Crotyl alcohol > Allyl alcohol.
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Krishnamoorthy, Guna Sekar, i Seplapatty Kalimuthu Periyasamy. "Oxidation of α,β-Unsaturated Alcohols by Quinaldinium Fluorochromate". International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 5 (19.12.2012): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-91l939.
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The kinetics of oxidation of α,β-unsaturated alcohols (allyl alcohol, Crotyl alcohol, Cinnamyl alcohol) by quinaldinium fluorochromate has been studied in aqueous acid medium at 313 K. α,β-unsaturated alcohols were converted to the corresponding acrolein, crotonaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde. The reaction is first order each in oxidant, substrate and H+. The decrease in dielectric constant of the medium increases the rate of the reaction. Increase in ionic strength by the addition of sodium perchlorate has no effect on the rate constant. There is no polymerization with acrylonitrile. The reaction has been conducted at four different temperatures and activation parameters were calculated. From the observed kinetic results a suitable mechanism consistent with rate law has been proposed. The relative reactivity order was found to be Cinnamyl alcohol > Crotyl alcohol > Allyl alcohol.
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Yan, Tongshuai, Zexiang Wang, Haoyang Zhou, Jiaojiao He i Shishui Zhou. "Effects of Four Critical Gene Deletions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Fusel Alcohols during Red Wine Fermentation". Fermentation 9, nr 4 (14.04.2023): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9040379.
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Excessive fusel alcohols in red wine will bring an uncomfortable bitterness and generate an intoxicating effect, which affects the quality and attractivity of the red wine. In order to achieve better regulation of fusel alcohols in red wine, strains with LEU1 and PDC5 deletions were constructed, and seven engineered yeast strains based on THI3 and BAT2 deletions were applied to red wine fermentation to dissect the effects of four critical genes on fusel alcohols during wine fermentation. The fermentation results of these recombinant strains showed that the deletion of THI3 increased the contents of n-propanol, isobutanol, and isoamyl alcohol by 48.46%, 42.01%, and 7.84%, respectively; the deletion of BAT2 decreased isoamyl alcohol and isobutanol by 32.81% and 44.91%; the deletion of PDC5 and LEU1 decreased isoamyl alcohol by 40.21% and 68.28%, while increased isobutanol by 24.31% and 142%, respectively; the deletion of THI3 exerted a negative influence on the reduction of isoamyl alcohol caused by BAT2 or PDC5 deletion; the deletion of THI3 and PDC5 had a synergistic effect on the increase of isobutanol, while BAT2 and PDC5 deletion presented no additive property to the decrease of isoamyl alcohol. Hence, it is concluded that either BAT2, PDC5, or LEU1 deletion can effectively decrease fusel alcohols, especially isoamyl alcohol, which provides an important reference for the control of fusel alcohols in red wine.
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Idarraga-Mora, Jaime A., Michael A. Lemelin, Steven T. Weinman i Scott M. Husson. "Effect of Short-Term Contact with C1–C4 Monohydric Alcohols on the Water Permeance of MPD-TMC Thin-Film Composite Reverse Osmosis Membranes". Membranes 9, nr 8 (26.07.2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes9080092.
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In this paper, we discuss the effect of alcohol contact on the transport properties of thin-film composite reverse osmosis membranes. Five commercial membranes were studied to quantify the changes in water permeance and sodium chloride rejection from contact with five C1–C4 monohydric, linear alcohols. Water permeance generally increased without decreasing rejection after short-term contact. The extent of these changes depends on the membrane and alcohol used. Young′s modulus measurements showed decreased stiffness of the active layer after contacting the membranes with alcohol, suggesting plasticization. Data analysis using a dual-mode sorption model identified positive correlations of the initial water permeance, as well as the change in free energy of mixing between water and the alcohols, with the increase in water permeance after alcohol contact. We suggest that the mixing of water with the alcohols facilitates alcohol penetration into the active layer, likely by disrupting inter-chain hydrogen bonds, thus increasing the free volume for water permeation. Our studies provide a modeling framework to estimate the changes in transport properties after short-term contact with C1–C4 alcohols.
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Hou, Chun-Yin, Tzu-Fu Huang, Fong-Ching Chang, Tsu-En Yu, Tai-Yu Chen, Chiung-Hui Chiu, Ping-Hung Chen, Jeng-Tung Chiang, Nae-Fang Miao i Hung-Yi Chuang. "The Association of Influencer Marketing and Consumption of Non-Alcoholic Beer with the Purchase and Consumption of Alcohol by Adolescents". Behavioral Sciences 13, nr 5 (3.05.2023): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13050374.
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In this study, we examined influencer marketing and consumption of non-alcoholic beer by adolescents to determine how these factors could affect the intentions of adolescents to purchase and drink alcohol. A total of 3121 high-school students recruited from 36 schools in Taiwan completed a self-administered questionnaire during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022. The results indicate that 19% of these adolescents consumed non-alcoholic beer and 28% consumed alcohol in the past year. Multivariate analysis positively associated adolescents’ exposure to influencer marketing with their purchase and consumption of non-alcoholic beer. Adolescents’ exposure to influencer marketing of non-alcoholic beer combined with lower levels of parental restrictive mediation was associated with increased odds of the purchase and consumption of alcohol. For individuals who did not purchase alcohol in the past year, both the exposure to influencer marketing and the consumption of non-alcoholic beer were associated with intending to purchase alcohol in the future. Similarly, individuals who previously abstained from the consumption of alcohol, both the exposure to influencer marketing and the consumption of non-alcoholic beer were associated with intending to consume alcohol. In conclusion, when adolescents were exposed to influencer marketing of non-alcoholic beer they were more likely to consume it, which resulted in an increased likelihood that they would then purchase and consume alcohol.
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Kovalchuk, Svitlana, Tetyanа Mudrak i Alina Nakonechna. "Study of the Alcohol Quality Obtained by Fermentation of Highly Concentrated Grain Wine by Different Races of Yeast". Restaurant and hotel consulting. Innovations 4, nr 1 (22.06.2021): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2616-7468.4.1.2021.234836.
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The topicality. Requirements for the quality of ethyl alcohol produced for further use in the production of alcoholic beverages are constantly increasing. This is due to the growing competition of producers of alcoholic beverages (improving the range and quality of products) and the revision of standards for products. New directions in the alcohol technology development require increasing the dry matter concentrations of the wort; fermentation at elevated temperatures and concentrations of alcohol in the brew; ensuring the reduction of the cost of alcohol by saving raw materials and energy resources. In such conditions, highly productive breeds of yeast with increased osmophilicity, thermotolerance and fermentation activity are required. Research related to the search for new strains producers of ethyl alcohol, and the technology development for highly concentrated mash from grain raw materials are relevant issues for the alcohol industry. Purpose and methods. Investigation of the alcoholic yeast races influence on the synthesis of metabolites during fermentation of highly concentrated wort from grain raw materials. For research methods common to the alcohol and alcoholic beverages have been used. Results. The influence of races of alcoholic yeast on the quality indicators of alcohol has been studied. It was found that the selected race of yeast S. cerevisiae DO-16 in the process of life synthesizes significantly fewer side metabolites compared to other studied races DO-11, K-81 and XII. The use of the selected race of S. cerevisiae DO-16 makes it possible to ferment highly concentrated wort from grain raw materials. It has been experimentally proved that at a concentration of DM concentration of the wort 28 %, the selected osmophilic strain of the yeast S. cerevisiae DO-16 provides regulated indicators of the hydrocarbon composition of mature brews and synthesizes up to 14.40 % vol. alcohol, respectively. To improve the qualitative sensory characteristics of ethanol, the possibility of metabolically adjusting the synthesis of volatile alcohol impurities using different races of alcoholic yeast was investigated. Conclusions and discussions. Scientific novelty lies in the selection race for the yeast fermentation of corn mash highly concentrated with reduced alcohol content related impurities. The influence of yeast race on the formation of alcohol metabolites has been studied. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the industrial implementation of the selected race of alcoholic yeast for fermentation of highly concentrated wort from grain raw materials. Prospects for further research are the possibility of influencing the quality of alcohol as a raw material for high-quality alcoholic beverages. During the fermentation of wort from grain raw materials, the qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile impurities of alcohol largely depends on the race of alcoholic yeast. The results of research on the biosynthesis of volatile impurities of alcohol allow you to adjust the quality of alcohol for the production of high quality alcoholic beverages.
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Liltorp, Karin, Peter Westh i Yoshikata Koga. "Thermodynamic properties of water in the water-poor region of binary water + alcohol mixtures". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, nr 5 (1.05.2005): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-050.
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In our previous thermodynamic studies, we suggested that alcohol molecules in water-poor water + alcohol mixtures exist as alcohol clusters in a form similar to the pure alcohols. Here, we use calorimetry and densitometry to investigate how H2O interacts with alcohol clusters in water-poor binary aqueous mixtures of 12 different alcohols. The composition dependence of the measured excess partial molar enthalpy and volume of water (HEW and VEW), along with entropy data calculated from HEW and literature data for excess chemical potentials, showed that in water-poor solutions of small alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol, mutual waterwater interactions are endothermic, but entropically favorable. Conversely, in long-chain solvents such as 1-octanol and 1-decanol, the interaction is exothermic and entropically unfavorable. We suggest that these observations reflect wateralcohol hydrogen bonding in short-chain solvents and water clustering with more hydrogen bonding than in pure water or "dewetting" in mixtures of the longer alcohols, respectively. The composition dependence of HEW was also used to locate anomalies that specify the boundary between the mixing schemes characterizing the intermediate and the water-poor regions of alcohol + water mixtures.Key words: aqueous alkane-mono-ols, excess partial molar enthalpy, entropy and volume, mixing schemes.
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Sharma, Kakali, Shiba Prasad Sharma i SujitChandra Lahiri. "Novel Method for Identification and Quantification of Methanol and Ethanol in Alcoholic Beverages by Gas Chromatography-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Horizontal Attenuated Total ReflectanceFourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 92, nr 2 (1.03.2009): 518–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/92.2.518.
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Abstract Numerous methods are being used to identify and quantify methanol and ethanol in alcoholic beverages, including country liquors. Some of the known methods are density and refractive index measurements, and spectrophotometric measurements using Schiff's reagent or chromatropic acid. Other advanced techniques involve head space gas chromatography (GC), GCflame ionization detection, high-performance liquid chromatography, enzymatic reactions, and biosensors. However, identification and quantification of methanol and ethanol in beverages can be accurately done using GC-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and horizontal attenuated total reflectance (HATR)-FTIR. Identification of alcohols is possible from library matching of the IR spectra obtained from GC-FTIR. In water, methanol and ethanol show a very strong peak for CO, stretching at 1015.3 and 1044.2 cm1, respectively. The strong absorption of vibrational stretching frequency of CO present in alcohols was used for quantification purposes. The absorptions of CO group frequency of alcohols in water mixtures were measured using HATR-FTIR with a zincselenide crystal. Samples were placed directly on the HATR crystal, with alcohol concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 50.0 (v/v). The plot of absorptions against concentrations of methanol and ethanol obeyed Beer's law (r2 0.9998 and 0.9987, respectively), from which alcohol in the mixtures was quantified. Propan-2-ol and n-butanol showed no interference. The method is validated from absorption measurements of known mixtures of standard ethanol in water. This is a simple, specific, rapid, accurate, and nondestructive method of identification and quantification of methanol and ethanol in mixtures. It can be used to ascertain methanol contamination in alcoholic beverages that can lead to death or methanol poisoning by alcohol consumption.
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Bezbaruah, Mrinal J., Benzir Ahmed, Ibrahim Ali, Madhab Upadhyaya i Bipul Bezbaruah. "Hydrogen Bonding Interaction and Structural Change in Some Aliphatic Alcohol-Water Complexes: A Quantum Mechanical MP4 Study". Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, nr 7 (2020): 1581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22637.
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Hydrogen bonding interaction in low molecular weight alcohols or lower alcohol (viz. methanol and ethanol) with water molecule is quite common. But, due to the presence of bulky groups in higher alcohols (viz. propanol, butanol and pentanol and their isomers) the hydrogen bonding interaction between alcohol and water molecule is significantly different. In alcohol-water heterodimer complexes, water plays an important role in the stability of such system, alcohol will be interacting with water molecule either as proton donor or proton acceptor mode. Quantum mechanical method, fourth degree Møller-Plesset (MP4) perturbation theory is an important tool for computing the interaction energy between the alcohol-water complexes. The interaction energy (IE) and natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations for some common aliphatic alcohol-water complexes (e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and pentanol) and their isomers were computed by using MP4 method.
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Vargas, Divane de, i Margarita Antonia Villar Luis. "Development and validation of a scale of attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism and alcoholics". Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 16, nr 5 (październik 2008): 895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692008000500016.
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The objective of this study was the construction and validation of a scale that would measure the attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism and the alcoholic, called the Scale of Attitudes Towards Alcohol, Alcoholism and the Alcoholic. The face and content validations, as well as the factor analysis of the data obtained in a preliminary test with 144 nursing students resulted in a scale consisting of 96 items, divided into 5 factors: Attitudes towards the alcoholic person: care and interpersonal relations; Etiology; Disease; Repercussions deriving from alcohol use/abuse; Alcoholic beverages. The general scale presented a consistency level of 0.90. The resulting instrument is concluded to be a reliable tool to evaluate attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism and alcohol addicts.
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Gong, Jiani, Kaixin Yao, Qihan Sun, Yujia Sun, Lijie Sun, Changyao Liu, Bo Xu, Jiajing Tan, Li Zhao i Baocai Xu. "Interfacial Composition of Surfactant Aggregates in the Presence of Fragrance: A Chemical Trapping Study". Molecules 27, nr 14 (6.07.2022): 4333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27144333.
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In recent years, there has been increasing interest in daily-use chemical products providing a pleasant scent. The added fragrance molecules may induce microstructural transitions of surfactant aggregates, which further affect the physical and chemical properties of the products. Here, the effects of four types of aromatic alcohols (cinnamyl alcohol, phenyl ethanol, phenyl methanol and anisyl alcohol) on cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)/KBr aggregates were studied. The combined results from rheology, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy measurements showed that cinnamyl alcohol induced significant micellar growth, while increases in micellar growth were less obvious for the other aromatic alcohols. The changes in the interfacial molarities of water, aromatic alcohol, and bromide ions during such transitions were studied using the chemical trapping method. Transitions resulting from added cinnamyl alcohol were accompanied by significant declines in interfacial water and bromide ion molarities, and a rise in interfacial alcohol molarity. The marked decrease in interfacial water molarity was not observed in previous studies of the octanol induced formation of wormlike micelles and vesicles, indicating that a different mechanism was presented in the current system. Nuclear magnetic resonance investigation showed that π–π stacking between cinnamyl alcohols, but not cation–π interactions between alcohols and CTAB headgroups, facilitated the tight packing of alcohol molecules in CTAB aggregates and the repulsion of water from the interfacial region. The current study may provide a theoretical basis for the morphological regulation of surfactant aggregates in the presence of additives.
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Sharudin, Hazim, Nik Rosli Abdullah, A. M. I. Mamat, N. H. Badrulhisam i Rizalman Mamat. "Application of Alcohol Fuel Properties in Spark Ignition Engine: A Review". Jurnal Kejuruteraan si1, nr 7 (30.11.2018): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2018-si1(7)-05.
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Rapid depletion of petroleum resources had raised the awareness of reducing the dependency on the fossil fuels by means of alternative fuels. Alcohols had emerged as the most competitive candidate among the well-known alternative fuels because it can be produced from renewable resources such as waste material. Some of the examples of alcohols are methanol, ethanol, and butanol. Each of these alcohols has the capability for its utilization in vehicles due to its cheap price than the other alcohol and has similar chemical properties to gasoline and diesel. Currently, only few research papers had discussed the alcohol fuel properties in the collective form of information including adverse effect of alcohol fuel usages and its responses in spark ignition engine performance and emissions. Therefore, this paper is focusing on the physical and chemical properties of alcohol fuels with recent literature data specifically for spark ignition engines. In addition, the usages on the properties of alcohol fuel to the current available spark ignition engine will also be review in this paper. Advantages and disadvantages of alcohol fuel usages are also summarized. This review indicates that continuous research and development still need to be done especially on alcohol fuel properties as it will give greater engine performance and better emissions.
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Alkhawam, H., M. Mariya Fabisevich, R. Sogomonian, JJ Lieber, R. Madanieh, A. Madanieh, TJ Vittorio i M. El-hunjul. "ID: 12: THE ROLE OF ALCOHOL ABUSE AND TOBACCO USE IN THE INCIDENCE OF EARLY ACUTE CORONAY SYNDROME". Journal of Investigative Medicine 64, nr 4 (22.03.2016): 922.2–923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2016-000120.24.
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BackgroundTobacco abuse and alcohol dependence have been established as risk factors for atherosclerotic heart disease (ASHD). Their potential synergistic effect, however, have not been previously evaluated.Abstract ID: 12 Table 1Alcohol abuse/ DependenceAlcoholic abuse (n=172)Alcoholic- Smoker (n=51)Alcoholic Non-Smoker (n=121)Mean age (years)55.151.156.195% CI(52–58)(48–54.2)(54.6–57.6)Non-Alcohol abuse/DependenceNon-Alcoholic (n=7904)Non-Alcoholic Smoker (n=909)Non-alcoholic Non-smoker (n=6995)Mean age (years)63.856.371.395% CI(63.6–63.9)(55–57.7)(71–71.6)p Value<0.0010.02<0.001Objective/PurposeTo investigate the synergistic role of alcohol abuse/dependence and tobacco use in the early incidence of ACS.MethodsA retrospective chart analyses of 8076 patients diagnosed with ACS between 2000 to 2014, defined by ICD-9 codes for acute MI, alcohol abuse/dependence and tobacco use. Average age of ACS was calculated for the general population. Patients were then divided into 4 subgroups based on alcohol abuse/dependence and tobacco use status as follows: non-alcoholic non-smokers, non-alcoholic smokers, alcoholic non-smokers and alcoholic smokers.ResultsThe mean age of our 8076 ACS patients population was ∼59.5 (95% CI 59.2–59.8). Patients with history of alcohol abuse/dependence appeared to develop ACS ∼8.7 years younger than their non-alcoholic counterparts. When tobacco use is incorporated as a risk factor, those with both alcohol abuse/dependence and tobacco use seemed to develop ACS ∼5 years earlier than those with history of either alone, and ∼20 years earlier when compared to those with neither alcohol abuse/dependence nor tobacco use.(table 1 summarizes mean age of ACS incidence in our study subgroups).ConclusionsAlcohol abuse/dependence appears to be a risk factor for earlier ACS. In our population, the average age of ACS incidence in alcoholic patients was significantly earlier than non-alcoholic patients. Furthermore, alcoholic patients who also used tobacco developed ACS at an even younger age when compared to those who had history of either alcohol abuse/dependence or tobacco use alone, suggesting a possible synergistic effect of these two risk factors in developing early ACS. Healthcare intervention in this population through screening, counseling and education regarding alcohol abuse/dependence and smoking cession is warranted to reduce early ACS.
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Sohilait, Hanoch J., Hardjono Sastrohamidjojo i Sabirin Matsjeh. "SYNTHESIS OF SECONDARY ALCOHOL COMPOUNDS FROM SAFROLE AND METHYLEUGENOL". Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 3, nr 3 (9.06.2010): 176–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21885.
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Synthesis of secondary alcohols compound from safrole and methyleugenol has been achieved through conversion of allyl group to alcohol.The reaction of safrole and methyleugenol with mercuric acetate in aqueous tetrahydrofuran, followed by in situ reduction of the mercurial intermediate by alkaline sodium borohydride produced secondary alcohol namely safryl alcohol (71.25%) and methyleugenil alcohol (65.56%). The structure elucidation of these products were analyzed by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS. Keywords: Secondary alcohols; safrole; methyleugenol
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Triyana, Kuwat, Agustinus Sembiring, Aditya Rianjanu, Shidiq Hidayat, Riowirawan Riowirawan, Trisna Julian, Ahmad Kusumaatmaja, Iman Santoso i Roto Roto. "Chitosan-Based Quartz Crystal Microbalance for Alcohol Sensing". Electronics 7, nr 9 (8.09.2018): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7090181.
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Short-chain alcohols are a group of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are often found in workplaces and laboratories, as well as medical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Real-time monitoring of alcohol vapors is essential because exposure to alcohol vapors with concentrations of 0.15–0.30 mg·L−1 may be harmful to human health. This study aims to improve the detection capabilities of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)-based sensors for the analysis of alcohol vapors. The active layer of chitosan was immobilized onto the QCM substrate through a self-assembled monolayer of L-cysteine using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. Before alcohol analysis, the QCM sensing chip was exposed to humidity because water vapor significantly interferes with QCM gas sensing. The prepared QCM sensor chip was tested for the detection of four different alcohols: n-propanol, ethanol, isoamyl alcohol, and n-amyl alcohol. For comparison, a non-alcohol of acetone was also tested. The prepared QCM sensing chip is selective to alcohols because of hydrogen bond formation between the hydroxyl groups of chitosan and the analyte. The highest response was achieved when the QCM sensing chip was exposed to n-amyl alcohol vapor, with a sensitivity of about 4.4 Hz·mg−1·L. Generally, the sensitivity of the QCM sensing chip is dependent on the molecular weight of alcohol. Moreover, the developed QCM sensing chips are stable after 10 days of repeated measurements, with a rapid response time of only 26 s. The QCM sensing chip provides an alternative method to established analytical methods such as gas chromatography for the detection of short-chain alcohol vapors.
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Skourlis, Nikolaos, Paraskevi Massara, Ioannis Patsis, Eleni Peppa, Klea Katsouyanni i Antonia Trichopoulou. "Long-Term Trends (1994–2011) and Predictors of Total Alcohol and Alcoholic Beverages Consumption: The EPIC Greece Cohort". Nutrients 13, nr 9 (1.09.2021): 3077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093077.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal changes in alcohol consumption (total alcohol and types of alcoholic beverages) of the Greek EPIC cohort participants (28,572) during a 17-year period (1994–2011), with alcohol information being recorded repeatedly over time. Descriptive statistics were used to show crude trends in drinking behavior. Mixed-effects models were used to study the consumption of total alcohol, wine, beer and spirits/other alcoholic beverages in relation to birth cohort, socio-demographic, lifestyle and health factors. We observed a decreasing trend of alcohol intake as age increased, consistent for total alcohol consumption and the three types of beverages. Older birth cohorts had lower initial total alcohol consumption (8 vs. 10 g/day) and steeper decline in wine, spirits/other alcoholic beverages and total alcohol consumption compared to younger cohorts. Higher education and smoking at baseline had a positive association with longitudinal total alcohol consumption, up to +30% (vs. low education) and more than +25% (vs. non-smoking) respectively, whereas female gender, obesity, history of heart attack, diabetes, peptic ulcer and high blood pressure at baseline had a negative association of −85%, −25%, −16%, −37%, −22% and −24% respectively. Alcohol consumption changed over age with different trends among the studied subgroups and types of alcohol, suggesting targeted monitoring of alcohol consumption.
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Karkoulias, Kiriakos, Haralampos Tsitsaras, Dimitrios Patouchas, Fotis Sampsonas, Dimostenis Likouras, Alexander Kaparianos i Kostas Spiropoulos. "The alcoholic lung disease: Historical background and clinical features". Medicina 44, nr 9 (22.10.2007): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina44090084.
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The purpose of this review article is to prove the damage that alcohol causes to the respiratory system. We will make a brief review of alcohols history in the course of the centuries till nowadays. The problem of addiction to alcohol (alcoholism) will be examined for several countries. Alcohol’s metabolism is another topic to be discussed parallel to its pharmacological action. In addition, alcohol’s impact on the respiratory system varies from damaging the mucociliary system to the regulation of breathing and from the sleep apnea syndrome to diffusion disorders. “Alcoholic lung disease” constitutes a syndrome despite the fact that the damage of the lung due to concurrent smoking and drug use is often indistinguishable.
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Mishra, Satyendra, i Sejal Patel. "Design, Synthesis, and Anti-bacterial Activity of Novel Deoxycholic Acid- Amino Alcohol Conjugates". Medicinal Chemistry 16, nr 3 (17.04.2020): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406415666190206231002.
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Background: Numerous synthetic bile acid derivatives have been recognized for their various biological activities. Among these, bile acid amides have emerged as an attractive antibacterial agent. We herein illustrate the synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of deoxycholic acidamino alcohols conjugates. Objective: Design and Synthesis of novel deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol conjugates to investigate their antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Methods: Novel deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol conjugates were synthesized, from conjugation of deoxycholic acid-NHS ester with amino alcohols. Various amino alcohols moieties were appended to the C24 position of deoxycholic acid to yield deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol conjugates. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and massspectroscopy. The entire synthesized deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol conjugates were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus using the broth dilution method. Results: The outcome illustrated that some of the novel deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol conjugates exhibited enhanced anti-bacterial activities. Amongst them, deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol conjugate containing (-R)-2-aminocyclohexanol (1) demonstrated promising efficacy against both strains S. aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC 15 μg/mL) and E. coli ATCC 25922 (MIC 45 μg/mL) and was identified as a lead molecule. Conclusion: Numbers of novel deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol conjugates were synthesized and their antimicrobial activities provided useful information that the potency was strongly depending on the structures of deoxycholic acid-amino alcohol conjugates.
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Tuma, Dean J., i Michael Sorrell. "Alcohol and Alcoholic Liver Disease". Seminars in Liver Disease 24, nr 3 (sierpień 2004): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-832935.
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Sussman, Norman L., i Michael R. Lucey. "Alcohol and Alcoholic Liver Disease". Clinics in Liver Disease 23, nr 1 (luty 2019): xiii—xiv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cld.2018.10.001.
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Azimbayeva, G. E., A. K. Kamysbayeva i Abdigali Bakibaev. "GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ETHYL ALCOHOL OBTAINED FROM PLANTS OF THE GENUS ASTERACEAE". SERIES Chemistry and technology 2, nr 446 (12.04.2021): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.20.
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In recent years, serious attention has been paid around the world to the chemical and biotechnological processing of biomass of easily renewable plant raw materials. One of the most mass-produced aliphatic alcohols is ethyl alcohol. The aim of this work was gas chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition of ethyl alcohol obtained from plants of the genus Asteraceae (dahlia and jerusalem artichoke tubers, chicory and big burdock roots) growing on the territory of Kazakhstan. The article discusses the methods of obtaining and application of ethyl alcohol. The results of the analysis of the chemical composition of ethyl alcohol obtained from plants of the genus Asteraceae are presented. As a result of the study, alcohols were obtained in different concentrations. The chemical composition of ethyl alcohol was determined by gas chromatography. The impurity composition of ethyl alcohol obtained from various types of raw materials is also shown. The composition of impurities in various samples of ethanol and alcohol-containing products is considered in detail. The results of the study were discussed, and the peculiarities of using the gas chromatography method were shown.
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RIBEIRO, João Meireles, Juan LÓPEZ-GÓMEZ, José María VERGELES, María Jesús COSTAS, Miguel GARCÍA-DÍAZ, Ascensión FERNÁNDEZ, Ana FLORES i José Carlos CAMESELLE. "Rat liver nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase is an efficient adenylyl transferase". Biochemical Journal 346, nr 1 (8.02.2000): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3460025.
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Rat liver nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I (NPP/PDE) catalysed efficiently the transfer of adenylate from ATP to alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, 2,2-dichloroethanol and glycerol 2-phosphate), which acted as adenylate acceptors competing with water with different efficiencies. NPP/PDE kinetics in alcohol/water mixtures were accounted for by rate equations for competitive substrates, modified to include alcohol negative co-operativity and, depending on the nature of the alcohol, enzyme denaturation by high alcohol concentrations or activation by low alcohol concentrations. The correlation of alcohol efficiencies with alcohol acidities, the comparison of rat liver with snake venom NPP/PDE, and the different effects of ionic additives on the efficiencies of glycerol 2-phosphate and glycerol provided evidence for interaction of the alcohols with a base catalyst, a non-polar and a cationic subsite in the active centre of rat liver NPP/PDE. The enzyme thus appears to be well suited to act as transferase, and we propose that NPP/PDE could be an adenylylating agent in the membrane.
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Khamitova, Raisa Ya, i D. V. Loskutov. "REGIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ALCOHOLIC DEPENDENCE SYNDROME". Health Care of the Russian Federation 63, nr 2 (7.10.2019): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0044-197x-2019-63-2-79-85.
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Introduction. There are variable patterns of alcohol consumption in Russia that differ significantly between the regions. Awareness and knowledge of those regional differences are key to the effectiveness of measures to prevent and minimise possible damage to public health caused by alcohol consumption. The purpose. To identify regional characteristics of the dynamics of alcoholism and alcoholic psychosis and dependencies with indicators of the implementation and consumption of alcohol in Mari El in 2006-2017. Material and methods. In a retrospective analysis, they included state statistics and bulletins of the Office of Rospotrebnadzor on RME on the primary incidence and prevalence of alcohol dependence syndrome, chronic alcoholism, AP, acute alcohol poisoning, sales of alcohol through a distribution network in 2006-2017. Results. In the reported period of 2006-2017 there was a decline in determination coefficient (R2) from 0.76 to 0.96 for newly diagnosed cases of alcohol dependence in general, alcoholic psychosis and alcoholism in Mari El. There was a significant decline from 221.6 to 47.5 per 100 thousand in the range of values between regions, but higher rates remained among the rural and urban areas (p = 0.0002). The dynamics of the prevalence of alcoholic psychotic disorders and alcoholism were also on decline. Conclusion. The direction and extent of changes in the medical consequences of alcohol consumption (such as primary morbidity and prevalence of alcohol dependence syndrome, alcoholic psychosis and alcoholism, average duration of the course, number of alcoholic psychosis) in the region and indicators of the implementation and consumption of alcoholic beverages in the reported period can be evaluated as positive. It is crucial to ensure the positive trend in the alcohol consumption pattern and impact on public health in the region becomes a long-lasting one. At the same time, it is necessary to increase attention to the assistance and treatment provided to drug users patient.
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Thejaswini Karanth, Someswar Deb, Pranathi R i Kasthuri P. "An efficient approach on alcohol dependence syndrome". International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry and Pharmacology 8, nr 3 (28.09.2018): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrpp.v8i3.1391.
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Alcohol consumption results in multiple end-organ damages. Predominantly the nervous system is affected in the form of Wernicke encephalopathy, Korsakoff psychosis, cerebellar ataxia and peripheral neuropathy. Neuropathy due to alcohol consumption depends on the period and extent of total lifetime of alcohol consumption. Cultural and racial factors also play a role in the development of alcohol neuropathy. Alcohol consumption results in multiple end-organ damages. Alcoholic neuropathy is the most common harmful effects of excessive alcohol intake. The incidence of alcoholic neuropathy in the standard population is not accurate as the percentage varies extensively contingent on the description of chronic alcoholism and the criteria used to detect and classify neuropathy. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), studies involving clinical and electrodiagnostic tests prove that neuropathy is present in 25-66%. Alcoholic neuropathy depends on the extent and extent of total lifetime of alcohol consumption. Cultural and racial factors also play a role in resulting in alcohol neuropathy. Few studies suggest that the incidence of peripheral neuropathy is higher in alcoholic patients who have a family history of alcohol dependence syndrome. This is study finds the Common peroneal and sural nerves are the most common nerves to be involved in neuropathy. Predominantly axonal degeneration is the main pathology. Units of alcohol and CAGE criteria score has a 100% specificity in detecting patients prone to neuropathy.