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Fox, CH, C. Robertson, PD O’Hara, R. Tadey i KH Morgan. "Spatial assessment of albatrosses, commercial fisheries, and bycatch incidents on Canada’s Pacific coast". Marine Ecology Progress Series 672 (19.08.2021): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13783.
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Fisheries bycatch mortality poses a primary threat to the majority of the world’s 22 albatross species, 15 of which are at risk of extinction. Although quantitative estimates of albatross bycatch are often unavailable due to a relative or total absence of monitoring, spatial overlap between fisheries and albatrosses is often used to estimate the extent of interaction, a proxy for exposure to bycatch, and to inform avoidance and mitigation actions. Using comprehensive records of commercial demersal longline and trap fishing and survey information for albatrosses (black-footed albatross Phoebastria nigripes, Laysan albatross P. immutabilis, short-tailed albatross P. albatrus), the extent of spatial potential interaction was estimated in Canada’s Pacific coast waters and examined across breeding and non-breeding seasons. The distributions of albatrosses and longline and trap fisheries were found to substantially overlap, with potential interaction hotspots concentrated along the continental shelf break. Trap fisheries reported 1 albatross bycatch incident, suggesting that these fisheries are responsible for negligible albatross mortalities. In contrast, >80% of recorded albatross bycatch incidents occurred within 10 km of albatross-longline fisheries hotspot locations, providing evidence that longline-albatross potential interaction hotspots represent actual areas of elevated bycatch mortality risk. Indicative of potential conservation concern, 60% of short-tailed albatross sightings occurred within 10 km, and 93% within 30 km, of longline-albatross potential interaction hotspots. By contributing knowledge regarding albatross-fisheries interactions, in addition to undertaking the first evaluation of albatross-fisheries hotspots with recorded bycatch incidents on Canada’s Pacific coast, this study represents a step towards enhancing albatross conservation through bycatch avoidance and mitigation.
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Xavier, José C., John P. Croxall i Kate A. Cresswell. "Boluses: An Effective Method for Assessing the Proportions of Cephalopods in the Diet of Albatrosses". Auk 122, nr 4 (1.10.2005): 1182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/122.4.1182.
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AbstractThe method of collecting and analyzing boluses to characterize the cephalopod diet of albatrosses has been used in many diet studies. However, no study has validated this method. We compared boluses and stomach samples from Gray-headed Albatrosses (Thalassarche chrysostoma) and Black-browed Albatrosses (T. melanophris) to (1) study the consumption and diversity of cephalopods in these species, (2) investigate biases associated with each sampling method, and (3) estimate the number of samples needed to characterize these albatross’s cephalopod diet. We found that collection and analysis of boluses is a simple, efficient, and noninvasive method for assessing the cephalopod diet of these albatross species, but it is inadequate for characterizing the more easily digestible dietary components, such as fish and crustaceans. Both boluses and stomach samples showed that the two albatross species fed on cephalopods of similar sizes and from the same families (Ommastrephidae, Onychoteuthidae, and Cranchiidae). Furthermore, the main prey species (Martialia hyadesi, Kondakovia longimana, and Galiteuthis glacialis) and the total number of cephalopod species consumed (18–24 species) were the same for both albatrosses. To include all cephalopod species, using a sample-randomization technique, a minimum of 61 and 43 boluses were needed for Gray-headed and Black- browed albatrosses, respectively; but to adequately describe the diversity and size frequency of the main prey species, 82 and 371 boluses would be needed.Les Pelotes de Réjection: Une Méthode Efficace pour Évaluer la Proportion de Céphalopodes dans le Régime Alimentaire chez les Albatros
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Suryan, Robert M., i Karen N. Fischer. "Stable isotope analysis and satellite tracking reveal interspecific resource partitioning of nonbreeding albatrosses off Alaska". Canadian Journal of Zoology 88, nr 3 (marzec 2010): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z10-002.
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Albatrosses (Diomedeidae) are the most threatened family of birds globally. The three North Pacific species ( Phoebastria Reichenbach, 1853) are listed as either endangered or vulnerable, with the population of Short-tailed Albatross ( Phoebastria albatrus (Pallas, 1769)) less than 1% of its historical size. All North Pacific albatross species do not currently breed sympatrically, yet they do co-occur at-sea during the nonbreeding season. We incorporated stable isotope analysis with the first simultaneous satellite-tracking study of all three North Pacific albatross species while sympatric on summer (nonbreeding season) foraging grounds off Alaska. Carbon isotope ratios and tracking data identify differences in primary foraging domains of continental shelf and slope waters for Short-tailed Albatrosses and Black-footed Albatrosses ( Phoebastria nigripes (Audubon, 1839)) versus oceanic waters for Laysan Albatrosses ( Phoebastria immutabilis (Rothschild, 1893)). Short-tailed and Black-footed albatrosses also fed at higher trophic levels than Laysan Albatrosses. The relative trophic position of Black-footed and Laysan albatrosses, however, appears to differ between nonbreeding and breeding seasons. Spatial segregation also occurred at a broader geographic scale, with Short-tailed Albatrosses ranging more north into the Bering Sea than Black-footed Albatrosses, which ranged more to the southeast, and Laysan Albatrosses more to the southwest. Differences in carbon isotope ratios among North Pacific albatross species during the nonbreeding season likely reflect the relative proportion of neritic (more carbon enriched) versus oceanic (carbon depleted) derived nutrients, and possible differential use of fishery discards, rather than latitudinal differences in distribution.
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Cuthbert, Richard J., John Cooper i Peter G. Ryan. "Population trends and breeding success of albatrosses and giant petrels at Gough Island in the face of at-sea and on-land threats". Antarctic Science 26, nr 2 (9.07.2013): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102013000424.
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AbstractSeveral factors threaten populations of albatrosses and giant petrels, including the impact of fisheries bycatch and, at some colonies, predation from introduced mammals. We undertook population monitoring on Gough Island of three albatross species (Tristan albatross Diomedea dabbenena L., sooty albatross Phoebetria fusca Hilsenberg, Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross Thalassarche chlororhynchos Gmelin) and southern giant petrels Macronectes giganteus (Gmelin). Over the study period, numbers of the Critically Endangered Tristan albatross decreased at 3.0% a year. Breeding success for this species was low (23%), and in eight count areas was correlated (r2 = 0.808) with rates of population decline, demonstrating chick predation by house mice Mus musculus L. is driving site-specific trends and an overall decline. Numbers of southern giant petrels were stable, contrasting with large increases in this small population since 1979. Significant population declines were not detected for either the Atlantic yellow-nosed or sooty albatross, however, caution should be applied to these results due to the small proportion of the population monitored (sooty albatross) and significant interannual variation in numbers. These trends confirm the Critically Endangered status of the Tristan albatross but further information, including a more accurate estimate of sooty albatross population size, is required before determining island wide and global population trends of the remaining species.
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Croxall, J. P., i P. A. Prince. "Dead or alive, night or day: how do albatrosses catch squid?" Antarctic Science 6, nr 2 (czerwiec 1994): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102094000246.
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For many albatross species squid are important prey. Whether albatrosses depend on scavenging (e.g. of vomit from cetaceans, post-spawning die-offs or fishery waste) or on live-capture of squid (e.g. via diel vertical migrations in association with aggregations of squid prey) is controversial. This review of the nature of interactions between squid and the four species of albatross breeding at South Georgia uses data on the foraging range, methods and timing of feeding of the albatrosses in relation to the size, distribution, buoyancy characteristics (floaters or sinkers), bioluminescence and prey of the squid and access to fishery waste. We conclude that most evidence for scavenging needs critical re-evaluation; nevertheless, whereas wandering albatrosses and possibly light-mantled sooty albatrosses probably depend significantly on scavenged squid, black-browed and especially grey-headed albatrosses are unlikely to do so.
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Dalziell, Janet, i Maj De Poorter. "Seabird mortality in longline fisheries around South Georgia". Polar Record 29, nr 169 (kwiecień 1993): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400023597.
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Incidental mortality of Southern Ocean seabirds due to fishing activities well away from the breeding grounds has been implicated in the population declines of wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) on South Georgia (Croxall and others 1990) and lies Crozet, black-browed albatross (Diomedea melanophris) on lies Kerguelen, and possibly the southern giant petrel (Macronectes giganteus) (Jouventin and Weimerskirch 1990). Albatrosses are particularly at risk from longline fisheries, based on the high proportion in recoveries of banded birds from longline fishing vessels off Brazil (Croxall and Prince 1990), and on direct observation of albatross during surface and midwater longline fishing for tuna in the Tasman Sea (Brothers 1991).
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Gallo-Cajiao, Eduardo. "Evidence is required to address potential albatross mortality in the New South Wales Ocean Trawl fishery." Pacific Conservation Biology 20, nr 3 (2014): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc140328.
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To examine the current management of trawl fisheries is important to ensure albatross mortality is not being overlooked. By-catch of albatrosses in trawl fisheries occurs cryptically, which has hindered the development of conservation policy. The implementation of tasked seabird observer programmes in trawl fisheries, nevertheless, has shown that albatross mortality can happen at threatening levels. Consequently, mitigation measures have been developed and adopted in some trawl fisheries. Despite this, some trawl fisheries lack clear policy in relation to albatross mortality. In this context, I investigated the management of potential albatross mortality in a state trawl fishery, the New South Wales Ocean Trawl, in Australia. I conducted a literature search and addressed a set of questions to the responsible management agency through questions on notice at the State Parliament of New South Wales to understand albatross interactions from a policy standpoint. My results indicate that current policy neither encompasses albatross mortality nor is evidence-based. However, the combination of characteristics of this fishery and its overlap with albatross occurrence, along with the reported albatross mortality from other trawl fisheries, may warrant the need to collect empirical evidence on potential albatross interactions. Hence, the responsible management agency should take action according to legal obligations. In this scenario, I recommend the implementation of a tasked seabird observer programme, collection of baseline data, and adoption of adaptive management by the examined fishery. As uncertainty can hamper conservation efforts because management actions require evidence, it is imperative to fill current information gaps in this fishery. Additionally, an improved understanding of albatross mortality from individual trawl fisheries across different fisheries management jurisdictions will enable the prioritization of conservation efforts of this avian taxon in an international and multi-gear fishing context.
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Milot, Emmanuel, Henri Weimerskirch, Pierre Duchesne i Louis Bernatchez. "Surviving with low genetic diversity: the case of albatrosses". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, nr 1611 (3.01.2007): 779–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0221.
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Low genetic diversity is predicted to negatively impact species viability and has been a central concern for conservation. In contrast, the possibility that some species may thrive in spite of a relatively poor diversity has received little attention. The wandering and Amsterdam albatrosses ( Diomedea exulans and Diomedea amsterdamensis ) are long-lived seabirds standing at an extreme along the gradient of life strategies, having traits that may favour inbreeding and low genetic diversity. Divergence time of the two species is estimated at 0.84 Myr ago from cytochrome b data. We tested the hypothesis that both albatrosses inherited poor genetic diversity from their common ancestor. Within the wandering albatross, per cent polymorphic loci and expected heterozygosity at amplified fragment length polymorphisms were approximately one-third of the minimal values reported in other vertebrates. Genetic diversity in the Amsterdam albatross, which is recovering from a severe bottleneck, was about twice as low as in the wandering albatross. Simulations supported the hypothesis that genetic diversity in albatrosses was already depleted prior to their divergence. Given the generally high breeding success of these species, it is likely that they are not suffering much from their impoverished diversity. Whether albatrosses are unique in this regard is unknown, but they appear to challenge the classical view about the negative consequences of genetic depletion on species survival.
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Thorne, L. H., M. G. Conners, E. L. Hazen, S. J. Bograd, M. Antolos, D. P. Costa i S. A. Shaffer. "Effects of El Niño-driven changes in wind patterns on North Pacific albatrosses". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 13, nr 119 (czerwiec 2016): 20160196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0196.
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Changes to patterns of wind and ocean currents are tightly linked to climate change and have important implications for cost of travel and energy budgets in marine vertebrates. We evaluated how El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-driven wind patterns affected breeding Laysan and black-footed albatross across a decade of study. Owing to latitudinal variation in wind patterns, wind speed differed between habitat used during incubation and brooding; during La Niña conditions, wind speeds were lower in incubating Laysan (though not black-footed) albatross habitat, but higher in habitats used by brooding albatrosses. Incubating Laysan albatrosses benefited from increased wind speeds during El Niño conditions, showing increased travel speeds and mass gained during foraging trips. However, brooding albatrosses did not benefit from stronger winds during La Niña conditions, instead experiencing stronger cumulative headwinds and a smaller proportion of trips in tailwinds. Increased travel costs during brooding may contribute to the lower reproductive success observed in La Niña conditions. Furthermore, benefits of stronger winds in incubating habitat may explain the higher reproductive success of Laysan albatross during El Niño conditions. Our findings highlight the importance of considering habitat accessibility and cost of travel when evaluating the impacts of climate-driven habitat change on marine predators.
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Catry, Paulo, Richard A. Phillips i John P. Croxall. "Sustained Fast Travel by a Gray-Headed Albatross (Thalassarche Chrysostoma) Riding an Antarctic Storm". Auk 121, nr 4 (1.10.2004): 1208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.4.1208.
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Abstract A Gray-headed Albatross (Thalassarche chrysostoma) was recorded traveling, in the course of a foraging trip, at a minimum average ground speed of >110 km h−1 for ∼9 h with virtually no rest. After taking into account the sinuosity of albatross flight, actual mean ground speed was predicted to be ≥127 km h−1, achieved in association with high tailwinds during an Antarctic storm. Despite its high speed and the storminess of the sea, the albatross still managed to successfully locate and capture prey at a rate comparable to that achieved under less extreme conditions. This individual's performance suggests that albatrosses have the capacity to maintain positive energy budgets while quickly covering long distances and taking advantage of the strong winds that are frequent in the Southern Ocean.
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Gould, Patrick, Peggy Ostrom i William Walker. "Trophic relationships of albatrosses associated with squid and large-mesh drift-net fisheries in the North Pacific Ocean". Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, nr 4 (1.04.1997): 549–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-068.
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The diets of Laysan (Diomedea immutabilis) and black-footed albatrosses (D. nigripes) killed in squid and large-mesh drift nets in the transitional zone of the North Pacific Ocean were investigated by examining the contents of the digestive tracts and determining δ13C and δ15N values in breast-muscle tissue. The results show that (i) the combined prey of the two species of albatross consists of over 46 species of marine organisms including coelenterates, arthropods, mollusks, fish, and marine mammals; (ii) both species supplement their traditional diets with food made available by commercial fishing operations (e.g., net-caught squid and offal); (iii) while obtained from drift nets, diets of nonbreeding Laysan and black-footed albatrosses are dominated by neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartrami); (iv) in the absence of drift-net-related food, Laysan albatrosses feed most heavily on fish and black-footed albatrosses feed most heavily on squid; and (v) based on δ15N values, nonbreeding adult Laysan albatrosses from the transitional zone of the North Pacific Ocean and Laysan albatross nestlings fed by adults from Midway Island in the subtropical Pacific feed at one trophic level and one-third of a trophic level lower than black-footed albatrosses, respectively.
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ARATA, JAVIER, GRAHAM ROBERTSON, JOSÉ VALENCIA, JOSÉ C. XAVIER i CARLOS A. MORENO. "Diet of grey-headed albatrosses at the Diego Ramírez Islands, Chile: ecological implications". Antarctic Science 16, nr 3 (wrzesień 2004): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095410200400207x.
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The diet of grey-headed albatrosses at Diego Ramírez was analysed and compared to that of the sympatric black-browed albatross. Diet composition was inferred from an analysis of prey hard parts present in 103 chick regurgitates obtained during breeding seasons 2000, 2001 and 2002. The squid Martialia hyadesi predominated in the diet samples in 2001 and 2002 (89% and 81% of reconstituted mass), but was absent from the 2000 samples. Reconstituted mean mass per sample in 2000 was significantly lower than in 2001 and 2002. Chick growth rate during 2000 was also the lowest recorded. This suggests that M. hyadesi plays an important role in the breeding performance of grey-headed albatrosses at Diego Ramírez. Low presence of M. hyadesi in grey-headed albatrosses' diet at South Georgia in 2000, a year with significant low breeding success, suggests ocean-wide processes affecting the availability of this prey to both populations simultaneously. Overlap in diet composition, and inferred feeding areas, between the sympatric albatross species at Diego Ramírez was minimal. Grey-headed albatrosses fed mainly on species associated with the Antarctic Polar Front, whereas black-browed albatrosses consumed benthopelagic species frequently caught in fishing operations in southern Chile.
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DEGUCHI, TOMOHIRO, JUDY JACOBS, TOMOKO HARADA, LYNDON PERRIMAN, YUKI WATANABE, FUMIO SATO, NOBORU NAKAMURA, KIYOAKI OZAKI i GREG BALOGH. "Translocation and hand-rearing techniques for establishing a colony of threatened albatross". Bird Conservation International 22, nr 1 (16.12.2011): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270911000438.
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SummaryMany breeding colonies of Procellariiformes have been threatened with extinction. Chick translocation has been shown to be an effective method for establishing new “safer” colonies of burrow-nesting species, but techniques for surface-nesting species have not been fully developed. The entire breeding population of the threatened Short-tailed Albatross Phoebastoria albatrus is restricted to two sites, Torishima Island and the Senkaku Islands, and neither site is secure due to volcanic activity or political instability. The Short-tailed Albatross Recovery Team has recommended facilitating the recovery of this species by establishing at least one additional colony through the translocation and hand-rearing of chicks at a safe historical breeding site. To evaluate the feasibility of this approach, we hand-reared 10 post-guard phase chicks of two related species in 2006–2007: Laysan Albatross P. immutabilis translocated from Midway Atoll to Kaua’i Island, Hawai’i and Black-footed Albatross P. nigripes translocated from a nearby islet in the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands to Mukojima Island, Japan. In these pilot studies, 40% of Laysan Albatross chicks and 90% of Black-footed Albatross chicks fledged successfully. Following this groundwork, 40 post-guard phase Short-tailed Albatross chicks were translocated from Torishima Island to Mukojima Island in February 2008–2010 and hand-reared to fledging. Their fledging success has been 100% in all three years. Fledging body sizes were similar or greater in hand-reared chicks at the release site than parent-reared chicks on Torishima Island. There were significant differences in levels of some blood chemistry parameters between pre-fledging hand-reared and parent-reared chicks. The techniques developed in our studies have broad-reaching implications for the future conservation of threatened populations of other surface-nesting seabirds.
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Deguchi, Tomohiro, Robert M. Suryan, Kiyoaki Ozaki, Judy F. Jacobs, Fumio Sato, Noboru Nakamura i Gregory R. Balogh. "Translocation and hand-rearing of the short-tailed albatross Phoebastria albatrus: early indicators of success for species conservation and island restoration". Oryx 48, nr 2 (11.11.2013): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313000094.
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AbstractMany endemic species, particularly those on remote islands, have been driven to extinction or near extinction by anthropogenic influences. The short-tailed albatross Phoebastria albatrus once numbered in the millions but was thought to be extinct by the mid 20th century. Albatrosses, of the family Diomedeidae, are among the most threatened birds globally as a result of commercial exploitation, introduced predators, and mortality in commercial fisheries. We applied an experimental approach over 5 years to evaluate the translocation and hand-rearing of albatross chicks by comparing growth, physiological health indices, post-fledging survival, and migration patterns with a control group of naturally reared chicks in the source population. Hand-reared chicks had comparable or superior health and similar rates of immediate post-fledging mortality (15%), with mortality strongly female-biased in both groups. Hand-reared birds had longer post-fledging drift periods before attaining sustained flight (also female-biased) but comparable, albeit somewhat wider ranging, migration patterns to naturally reared chicks during their first 6 months at sea. Recruitment to the translocation site of a breeding pair that included a hand-reared bird occurred within 5 years of the first translocation. Success will ultimately depend on continued recruitment and breeding over the coming decades, given delayed breeding in these long-lived species. The results to date, however, have exceeded initial expectations and can inform potential reintroductions of other long-lived, migratory avian species with strong natal philopatry, and reintroductions of native species to former breeding islands.
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Szewczyk-Haake, Katarzyna. "„Negatyw świata”. Inspiracje techniką graficzną jako źródło refleksji metaliterackiej – na przykładzie wiersza Ewy Lipskiej Albatros i grawer". Przestrzenie Teorii, nr 37 (30.12.2022): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pt.2022.37.5.
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The paper presents an analysis of Ewa Lipska’s poem Albatros i grawer [‘The Albatross and the Engraver’], which is a rare example of evoking a work of graphic art in a poem. The metaphors used in the text, exploiting the field of meaning related to graphics, become the basis for metaliterary reflection. Important interpretative contexts indicated in the article are, on one hand, the history of graphic art and its technical arcana, and on the other, the poem The Albatross by Charles Baudelaire, alluded to in the poem and, by the same token, modernist ideas about the art and the artist. The poem’s consideration of the problem of ‘a negative’ and ‘an imprint’ leads to questions about the relationship between art and reality, a relationship which, radically transformed in the modern era, demands an ethical evaluation, just as the poem suggests.
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Cuthbert, R. J., H. Louw, G. Parker, K. Rexer-Huber i P. Visser. "Observations of mice predation on dark-mantled sooty albatross and Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross chicks at Gough Island". Antarctic Science 25, nr 6 (21.05.2013): 763–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102013000126.
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AbstractIntroduced house miceMus musculusL. have been discovered to be major predators of chicks of the Tristan albatrossDiomedea dabbenenaL. and Atlantic petrelPterodroma incertaSchlegel and to also predate great shearwaterPuffinus gravisO'Reilly chicks at Gough Island, and similar predatory behaviour has been reported for house mice on Marion Island. Observations on Gough Island over three breeding seasons of nesting Atlantic yellow-nosed albatrossesThalassarche chlororhynchosGmelin and dark-mantled sooty albatrossPhoebetria fuscaHilsenberg indicate that house mice are also preying on these two species: the first records of mice preying upon summer-breeding albatross species on Gough Island. Predation on these two albatross species appears to be relatively rare (∼2% for the Atlantic yellow-nosed albatrosses) and ongoing monitoring is required to ascertain if the impact of mice is increasing. Conservation actions to eradicate mice from Gough Island will be of benefit to these species and other species that are being impacted by this invasive species.
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Isherwood. "ALBATROSS". Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 6, nr 3 (18.03.2009): 497–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1894.tb01036.x.
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Das, Sudipto, Shoji Nishimura, Divyakant Agrawal i Amr El Abbadi. "Albatross". Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 4, nr 8 (maj 2011): 494–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/2002974.2002977.
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Petrossian, Gohar A., Rolf A. de By i Ronald V. Clarke. "Illegal long-line fishing and albatross extinction risk". Oryx 52, nr 2 (22.11.2016): 336–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605316000818.
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AbstractBirds are commonly entangled in long-line fisheries, and increases in long-line fishing activity have consistently caused declines in seabird populations. Environmental criminology would posit that the risk of such declines is greater in the case of illegal long-line fisheries, which are less likely to implement bycatch mitigation measures. To investigate this possibility we examined the overlap between data on illegal fishing and albatross at-sea occurrence ranges. Moderate correlations were found between mean exposure to illegal fishing and the Red List status of albatross species, but none were found between Red List status and total fishing pressure. A second analysis overlaid albatross at-sea occurrence ranges with long-lining data for the member countries of the Convention on Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna to compare the effect of exposure to legal and illegal hooks on Red List status. Lacking a better measure, Country A's hooks were used as a proxy for illegal hooks. Critically Endangered and Endangered species were 12 and 3.4 times more exposed to illegal hooks, respectively, than Near Threatened species, whereas there was no relationship between Red List status and exposure to legal hooks. Country-level analyses confirmed these findings, which provide evidence that illegal long-line fishing poses a particular threat to the survival of albatrosses. The findings suggest that the bird conservation lobby should work closely with fisheries authorities to tackle illegal fishing, and that research should identify the highest risk areas of overlap between illegal fishing and albatross at-sea ranges.
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Sugimoto, Masahiko, Akihito Inoko, Takashi Shiromizu, Masanori Nakayama, Peng Zou, Shigenobu Yonemura, Yuko Hayashi i in. "The keratin-binding protein Albatross regulates polarization of epithelial cells". Journal of Cell Biology 183, nr 1 (6.10.2008): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200803133.
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The keratin intermediate filament network is abundant in epithelial cells, but its function in the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity is unclear. Here, we show that Albatross complexes with Par3 to regulate formation of the apical junctional complex (AJC) and maintain lateral membrane identity. In nonpolarized epithelial cells, Albatross localizes with keratin filaments, whereas in polarized epithelial cells, Albatross is primarily localized in the vicinity of the AJC. Knockdown of Albatross in polarized cells causes a disappearance of key components of the AJC at cell–cell borders and keratin filament reorganization. Lateral proteins E-cadherin and desmoglein 2 were mislocalized even on the apical side. Although Albatross promotes localization of Par3 to the AJC, Par3 and ezrin are still retained at the apical surface in Albatross knockdown cells, which retain intact microvilli. Analysis of keratin-deficient epithelial cells revealed that keratins are required to stabilize the Albatross protein, thus promoting the formation of AJC. We propose that keratins and the keratin-binding protein Albatross are important for epithelial cell polarization.
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Schoombie, S., J. Schoombie, A. Oosthuizen, E. Suleman, M. G. W. Jones, L. Pretorius, B. J. Dilley i P. G. Ryan. "Avian pox in seabirds on Marion Island, southern Indian Ocean". Antarctic Science 30, nr 1 (7.09.2017): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102017000347.
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AbstractAlbatrosses are among the most threatened groups of seabirds with the main land-based threats being alien invasive species, human disturbance and habitat degradation. Disease outbreaks in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic seabird populations are uncommon, but in the past few decades there has been an increase in reported cases. The sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands (46°S, 37°E) in the south-western Indian Ocean provide breeding grounds for many seabird species, including 44% of all wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans L.). In 2015, five wandering albatrosses and two penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome Forster and Aptenodytes patagonicus Miller) with pox-like lesions were observed on Marion Island, the larger of the two Prince Edward Islands. Despite intensive study of the wandering albatross population since the 1980s, the only previous records of such lesions are one case in 2006 and another in 2009 in white-chinned petrels (Procellaria aequinoctialis L.). Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of tissue samples from two albatross chicks confirmed the presence of avian pox virus (Avipoxvirus). This highlights the need for research into the diseases present on sub-Antarctic islands, for strict controls to limit the risk of accidental introduction of diseases through human activities and the need for effective conservation measures in the event of an outbreak.
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Bousquet, Gabriel D., Michael S. Triantafyllou i Jean-Jacques E. Slotine. "Optimal dynamic soaring consists of successive shallow arcs". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, nr 135 (październik 2017): 20170496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0496.
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Albatrosses can travel a thousand kilometres daily over the oceans. They extract their propulsive energy from horizontal wind shears with a flight strategy called dynamic soaring. While thermal soaring, exploited by birds of prey and sports gliders, consists of simply remaining in updrafts, extracting energy from horizontal winds necessitates redistributing momentum across the wind shear layer, by means of an intricate and dynamic flight manoeuvre. Dynamic soaring has been described as a sequence of half-turns connecting upwind climbs and downwind dives through the surface shear layer. Here, we investigate the optimal (minimum-wind) flight trajectory, with a combined numerical and analytic methodology. We show that contrary to current thinking, but consistent with GPS recordings of albatrosses, when the shear layer is thin the optimal trajectory is composed of small-angle, large-radius arcs. Essentially, the albatross is a flying sailboat, sequentially acting as sail and keel, and is most efficient when remaining crosswind at all times. Our analysis constitutes a general framework for dynamic soaring and more broadly energy extraction in complex winds. It is geared to improve the characterization of pelagic birds flight dynamics and habitat, and could enable the development of a robotic albatross that could travel with a virtually infinite range.
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Robertson, Natalie. "Roimata Toroa". Pacific Journalism Monographs : Te Koakoa: Ngā Rangahau, nr 7 (30.11.2017): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjm.v0i7.16.
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I n Te Ao Mãori, the Toroa (albatross) is sacred. Roimata Toroa, albatross tears, is a widely used tukutuku pattern. Derived from the Te Tairawhiti Ngati Porou story of Pourangahua, the pattern speaks of themisadventures of travelers who take shortcuts in haste to get to port. Pourangahua was an agriculturist who traveling a return journey to Aotearoa to grow kumara, gifted to him by Ruakapenga, a tohunga and learned scientist. Lent two pet albatrosses, Harongarangi and Tiungarangi, by Ruakapenga, Pourangahua is given strict instructions on which hazards to avoid, the care of the birds, and a karakia to give thanksgiving for their safe return. In his hurriedness to see his wife Kaniowai, Pourangahua takes a shortcut, runs into a taniwha (a denotation of hazards), and forgets the karakia and fails to care for the birds,leading to their grief and eventual demise. Realising he has dishonoured Ruakapenga, Pourangahua tries to cover his mistake, by belatedly doing the karakia, but it is too late. The damage was done...
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Jones, M. G. W., N. M. S. Techow, M. M. Risi, C. W. Jones, Q. A. Hagens, F. Taylor i P. G. Ryan. "Hybridization and cuckoldry between black-browed and grey-headed albatrosses". Antarctic Science 32, nr 1 (12.12.2019): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102019000506.
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AbstractA vagrant black-browed albatross Thalassarche melanophris bred with a grey-headed albatross T. chrysostoma on Marion Island at least four times between 2000 and 2009 (and continued to return to the colony until at least 2019). The eggs failed to hatch in three breeding attempts, but the pair fledged a chick in the 2006/07 breeding season. Genetic sexing identified the black-browed albatross as female and she shared all eight sampled microsatellite alleles with the chick, whereas the grey-headed albatross social parent did not match the chick. The fledgling was banded and re-sighted in its natal breeding colony in 2016 and 2018, when it displayed an intermediate black-browed x grey-headed albatross phenotype, similar to a putative hybrid photographed at sea off Australia. These results suggest that the black-browed albatross cuckolded its social mate with another grey-headed albatross in 2006/07. The failures of the other three breeding attempts at the egg stage possibly indicate genetic incompatibility with the social partner.
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Baudelaire, Charles. "The Albatross". Iowa Review 46, nr 3 (grudzień 2016): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.7779.
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Reiss, James. "The Albatross". Antioch Review 62, nr 2 (2004): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4614652.
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Harrison, Joseph. "The Albatross". Hopkins Review 12, nr 4 (2019): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/thr.2019.0096.
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Korolev, Andrei. "Albatross again". New Scientist 200, nr 2681 (listopad 2008): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(08)62813-4.
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Seabury, Marcia. "Albatross Parenting". ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 27, nr 1 (22.10.2019): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/isz091.
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Fernández, Patricia, i David J. Anderson. "Nocturnal and Diurnal Foraging Activity of Hawaiian Albatrosses Detected With a New Immersion Monitor". Condor 102, nr 3 (1.08.2000): 577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.3.577.
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Abstract We used a new immersion monitor to study the foraging movements of two species of albatrosses that nest in the Hawaiian Islands. The monitors showed that breeding male Black-footed Albatrosses (Phoebastria nigripes) land on the water more frequently during the day than at night. Breeding male Laysan Albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) behavior was more variable and also showed a diurnal bias. We found no evidence of a nocturnal foraging bias in either species; in particular, these species do not seem to be limited to live capture of nocturnally available squid. Such squid may, nonetheless, contribute to the diet as a result of scavenging.
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Svirčev, Žarka. "Albatross Translation Project". Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich 11, nr 1 (23.09.2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pls.2021.11.01.06.
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The paper presents the translation concept of the Library Albatross (1921), the most significant project of today’s canonical Serbian modernists and avant-garde writers. This concept is paradigmatic within the modernist creative tendencies and programs between the two world wars. Although Library published only the translation of Poe’s Tales of Mystery and Imagination, the list of announced translations, the paratexts that accompany the Library’s promotional material, and the translation published, allow us to discuss specific translation strategies of Albatross. Albatross translation practice is a template for more comprehensive thinking about poetic innovations of Serbian literature after First World War. Moreover, the Albatross translation platform allows us to consider the concepts of modern/modernism, periphery/center, and world literature in Serbian culture during the twenties.
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YAMASAKI, TAKESHI, MASAKI EDA, RICHARD SCHODDE i VLADIMIR LOSKOT. "Neotype designation of the Short-tailed Albatross Phoebastria albatrus (Pallas, 1769) (Aves: Procellariiformes: Diomedeidae)". Zootaxa 5124, nr 1 (31.03.2022): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5124.1.6.
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The Short-tailed Albatross Phoebastria albatrus (Pallas, 1769) is a threatened seabird widely distributed in the northern Pacific Ocean with its largest breeding sites on the Senkaku Islands and Torishima Island, Japan, which are separated by over 1700 km. A recent taxonomic revision based on morphological, behavioral, and DNA sequence evidence has revealed that this species consists of two cryptic species: a smaller species which breeds mainly in the Senkaku Islands, and a larger species which breeds mainly on Torishima Island. However, it has remained unclear to which of these species the scientific name Phoebastria albatrus applies, because the type specimens are lost. Here a neotype is designated to resolve this taxonomic issue. From now on, the scientific name Phoebastria albatrus should be applied only to the smaller species breeding on the Senkaku Islands. The name of the larger species is more problematic, as the types of each synonym of P. albatrus must be traced, found, and examined.
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Wallerstein, Immanuel. "The Racist Albatross". Czech Sociological Review 36, nr 4 (1.08.2000): 459–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13060/00380288.2000.36.4.05.
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Bartle, J. A. "Incidental capture of seabirds in the New Zealand subantarctic squid trawl fishery, 1990". Bird Conservation International 1, nr 4 (grudzień 1991): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900000708.
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SummaryFisheries observers recorded incidental capture of seabirds during 338 days on Soviet squid trawlers in New Zealand subantarctic shelf waters around the Snares and Auckland Islands in 1990. Seven species were recorded entangled in fishing gear, including very high numbers of breeding adult White-capped Albatrosses Diomedea cauta steadi. The actual level of White-capped Albatross mortality was estimated at 2,300 birds in 1990, and is not considered sustainable. Nearly all albatrosses were killed by collision with the netsonde monitor cable. In New Zealand waters this equipment is carried only by Soviet trawlers, and is considered obsolete. Replacement of this cable by discrete netsonde transducers on Soviet trawlers should be a global seabird conservation priority.
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Zhang, Haiming, i Zhenzhong Liu. "Design and Research on Flapping Mechanism of Biomimetic Albatross". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2343, nr 1 (1.09.2022): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2343/1/012006.
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In order to solve the problems of low flying efficiency, poor aerodynamic performance of wing and short flying time distance existing in the research of flapping wing aircraft, a kind of albatron-like flapping wing structure with higher flying efficiency is proposed in this paper. The functions of bird wing flutter, folding and gliding are realized by two degrees of freedom control respectively. First, the flying characteristics of albatross are analyzed and the flying characteristics suitable for albatross are summarized. Propose design requirements for bionic design objectives; The bionic structure design is carried out by referring to the physical structure of wing and the flight motion law, and the key parameters such as the size and angle of connecting rod mechanism are analyzed, calculated and optimized. A clamping mechanism is designed to achieve gear stuck in order to achieve gliding kinetic energy. The three-dimensional model of the flapping wing mechanism is built by solid works, and the motion analysis is carried out by using Motion plug-in. The analysis results of key-point parameters are output, which verifies the movement law and requirements of the mechanism to achieve the design objectives.
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Alderman, R., R. Gales, G. N. Tuck i J. D. Lebreton. "Global population status of shy albatross and an assessment of colony-specific trends and drivers". Wildlife Research 38, nr 8 (2011): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10199.
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Context Monitoring the status of albatross populations and identifying the factors driving observed trends remain international conservation and management priorities. The shy albatross is endemic to Australia and breeds only on three Tasmanian islands. Aims To provide a reliable total population estimate for shy albatross, including an assessment of demographic trends for each of the three populations where possible. We consider also key drivers of population trends for each population, particularly the potential role of fisheries by-catch, with an overall aim of determining the status of the species. Methods Aerial photography and ground surveys were used to estimate the number of annual breeding pairs and trends in adult and juvenile survival rates were calculated using mark–recapture methods. At-sea distribution data was used to identify population specific trends in the overlap of shy albatross and fisheries to evaluate the potential influence of fisheries by-catch on the populations. Key Results The Albatross Island population increased post-harvesting but has recently stabilised at around 5200 breeding pairs, less than half its estimated historic size. This trajectory change appears driven by a decrease in juvenile survival. The small (170 breeding pairs) Pedra Branca population has recently declined, probably due to reduced breeding success associated with the increasing population of Australasian gannets (Morus serrator) on the island. The largest population (on Mewstone) comprises at least 9500 breeding pairs. Trends for this population are unknown. However, this paper demonstrates that these birds have greater overlap with trawl and longline fishing effort and are consequently at higher risk of fishing-related mortality. Conclusions Given the extent of fisheries overlap, survival rates for Mewstone individuals are likely to be lower than the Albatross Island population. Combined with recent trends on Pedra Branca and Albatross Island, we suggest that the current status of the shy albatross is likely to be stable at best and quite possibly decreasing. Implications The concerns raised about the conservation status of shy albatross reinforce the importance of continued population monitoring focussed particularly on establishing the trend of Mewstone. A thorough assessment of interactions with trawl fishing operations also is a management priority for this species.
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Kauffman, Erle. "The Uniformitarian Albatross". PALAIOS 2, nr 6 (1987): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3514490.
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Hughes, Philip. "Book Review - Albatross". Australian Field Ornithology 33 (2016): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo33234.
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Byrne, Gregory. "Bagging the Albatross". Science 243, nr 4887 (6.01.1989): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.243.4887.32.b.
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Vincent, Esther Xueming. "Family Tree, Albatross". Southeast Asian Review of English 57, nr 2 (16.12.2020): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/sare.vol57no2.9.
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Park, Betsy. "The paper albatross". College & Research Libraries News 57, nr 7 (1.07.1996): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.57.7.415.
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Grey-Wilson, Christopher, i Michael Lear. "MAGNOLIA ‘ALBATROSS’ Magnoliaceae". Curtis's Botanical Magazine 2, nr 1 (luty 1985): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8748.1985.tb00221.x.
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Hoare, Clive E. "The TQM Albatross". Training for Quality 2, nr 2 (sierpień 1994): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09684879410064329.
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Martz, Erica. "The Artificial Albatross". Prairie Schooner 88, nr 3 (2014): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2014.0109.
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Edwards, Ann E., i Sievert Rohwer. "Large-Scale Patterns of Molt Activation in the Flight Feathers of two Albatross Species". Condor 107, nr 4 (1.11.2005): 835–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.4.835.
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Abstract Laysan Albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) and the closely-related Black-footed Albatross (P. nigripes) replace 20%–90% of their 35–41 wing flight feathers every year. Large-scale molt patterns (patterns between rather than within molt series) account for 77% of the variation in the number of flight feathers replaced. We identified four molt series: series A—the five outer primaries; series B—the five inner primaries plus four outer secondaries; series C—the middle secondaries; and series D—the inner secondaries. A fifth molt series may lie between series C and D. Each year, series A and D initiate molt, but series B and C may or may not initiate molt. The result is four “annual molt patterns”: ABCD, ABD, ACD, and AD. Temporally overlapping waves of molt never occur within series A or B, but about one third of the time they occur within series C and D. Multiple, spatially defined waves of molt (replaced feathers separated by unreplaced feathers) never occur within series A, but occur about two thirds of the time within series B, C, and D. The inner primaries and outer secondaries constitute a single molt series, probably to equilibrate between series total feather length, and thus, total molt duration. Studies of foraging range and reproduction in albatrosses would benefit from the development of species-specific indices of molt duration and extent that are biologically as well as statistically defensible. The number of outer primary feathers replaced and the number of molt series that activate molt are two such indices for Laysan and Black-footed Albatrosses.
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Seco, José, Gustavo A. Daneri, Filipe R. Ceia, Rui Pedro Vieira, Simeon L. Hill i José Carlos Xavier. "Distribution of short-finned squid Illex argentinus (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) inferred from the diets of Southern Ocean albatrosses using stable isotope analyses". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 96, nr 6 (8.06.2015): 1211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415000752.
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The diets of marine predators are a potential source of information about range shifts in their prey. For example, the short-finned squid Illex argentinus, a commercially fished species on the Patagonian Shelf in the South Atlantic, has been reported in the diet of grey-headed, Thalassarche chrysostoma; black-browed, T. melanophris; and wandering, Diomedea exulans, albatrosses breeding at Bird Island, South Georgia (54°S 28°W) in the Southern Ocean. Tracking data suggest that these birds may feed on I. argentinus while foraging in Southern Ocean waters during their breeding season. This led to the hypothesis that I. argentinus may occur south of the Antarctic Polar Front. To test this hypothesis, we used stable isotope analyses to assess the origin of I. argentinus. We compared I. argentinus beaks from the diets of the three albatross species with beaks of cephalopod species endemic to the Patagonian Shelf and others from the Southern Ocean. Our results show that I. argentinus from the diet of albatrosses at Bird Island have δ13C values in the range −18.77 to −15.28‰. This is consistent with δ13C values for Octopus tehuelchus, a typical species from the Patagonian Shelf. In contrast, Alluroteuthis antarcticus, a Southern Ocean squid, has typically Antarctic δ13C in the range −25.46 to −18.61‰. This suggests that I. argentinus originated from warmer waters of the Patagonian Shelf region. It is more likely that the albatross species obtained I. argentinus by foraging in the Patagonian Shelf region than that I. argentinus naturally occurs south of the Antarctic Polar Front.
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Hedd, April, Rosemary Gales i Nigel Brothers. "PROVISIONING AND GROWTH RATES OF SHY ALBATROSSES AT ALBATROSS ISLAND, TASMANIA". Condor 104, nr 1 (2002): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0012:pagros]2.0.co;2.
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Hedd, April, i Rosemary Gales. "The diet of shy albatrosses (Thalassarche cauta) at Albatross Island, Tasmania". Journal of Zoology 253, nr 1 (styczeń 2001): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952836901000073.
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Hedd, April, Rosemary Gales i Nigel Brothers. "Provisioning and Growth Rates of Shy Albatrosses at Albatross Island, Tasmania". Condor 104, nr 1 (1.02.2002): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.1.12.
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AbstractWe used electronic weighing platforms inside artificial nests to remotely study chick provisioning and growth in Shy Albatrosses (Thalassarche cauta) at Albatross Island, Tasmania, from 1996 to 1998. Pairs of birds concurrently carried radio-transmitters, allowing each meal to be attributed to an individual parent. Chicks received relatively small meals (372 g) once every 22 hr, and were provisioned at 392 g day−1 from the end of the brooding period to fledging. Meal size increased with chick age while the feeding frequency decreased, such that chicks were provisioned at a relatively constant rate until reaching peak mass (5.5 kg at 109 days). Provisioning subsequently declined and chicks lost mass, leaving the nest after 127 days weighing 5.0 kg. Male chicks were fed for 10 days longer than females, they received 27% more food, grew faster, and attained higher peak and fledging masses. Between hatching and fledging, overall food consumption by chicks was estimated at 44.9 kg. Rates of chick provisioning and growth were constant between years. Overall, adult males and females provisioned chicks equally. However, large imbalances were often observed within pairs, and in some cases one parent adjusted its provisioning schedule to compensate for its mate. Adults generally decreased provisioning rates when chicks were well fed, but only some elevated their feeding frequency when faced with greater demands. The ability to increase provisioning to hungry chicks contrasts with expectations from studies of other neritic species.Alimentación y Tasa de Crecimiento de Pichones de Thalassarche cauta en la Isla AlbatrosResumen. Utilizamos balanzas electrónicas ubicadas dentro de nidos artificiales para estudiar a distancia la alimentación y el crecimiento de polluelos de Thalassarche cauta entre 1996 y 1998 en la Isla Albatros, Tasmania. Acoplamos radio transmisores a parejas de aves de manera que cada episodio de alimentación en el nido podría ser atribuido a uno de los padres. Los pichones recibieron comidas relativamente pequeñas (372 g) una vez cada 22 horas y recibieron 392 g de alimento por día desde el final del período en que las aves empollan hasta el abandono del nido. Mientras que el tamaño de las comidas aumentó con la edad de los pichones, la frecuencia de alimentación disminuyó. Al principio los pichones fueron alimentados a una tasa relativamente constante hasta alcanzar un pico en su peso (5.5 kg a los 109 días). Después de esto, la tasa de alimentación se redujo, generando una disminución en el peso hasta llegar a 5.0 kg al momento de abandonar el nido después de 127 días. Los polluelos machos fueron alimentados durante 10 días más que las hembras, recibieron 27% más alimento, crecieron más rápidamente y alcanzaron pesos superiores en el momento pico y al salir del nido. Desde la eclosión hasta el abandono del nido, el consumo total estimado de alimento por parte de los pichones fue de 44.9 kg. Las tasas de alimentación y crecimiento de los polluelos fueron constantes entre años. En general, los machos y hembras adultos alimentaron por igual a los pichones. Sin embargo, se observaron grandes desbalances entre los miembros de algunas parejas. En algunos casos, uno de los padres ajustó su tasa de alimentación al polluelo para compensar la de su pareja. Los adultos generalmente disminuyeron las tasas de suministro de alimento cuando los pichones estaban bien alimentados pero sólo algunos de ellos aumentaron la frecuencia de alimentación cuando recibieron demandas superiores. La capacidad de incrementar la tasa de alimentación de polluelos hambrientos contrasta con lo esperado a partir de estudios en otras especies neríticas.
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Camp, Kristin. "Observations of Short-Tailed Albatross (Diomedea albatrus) in the Bering Sea". Colonial Waterbirds 16, nr 2 (1993): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1521443.
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